THE SCRANTON TRIBUNE-WEDNESDAY, JANUARY LM, 1000,
3
DAIRY PEOPLE
UNDER HOT FIRE
WOMAN'S CLUB MAKING AN IN
SPECTION OF MILK SUPPLY.
Eleven Divides Visited Awful Con
diton Noted In Some Cases Filthy
Stables and Utensils Prolific
Cause of Disease Dr. Helmer
Beads a Paper Filled with Valu
able Information and Suggestions.
Bepoits of Committee on Inspec
tion The economic section of tlie Oreen
lllclRe Woman's club held a, lcgular
meeting yesterday which was largely
attended Mrs. II. L Hurley presided.
It is Just possible that few present
drank milk at their evening meal. The
sights seen by the committee in n re
cent Inspection tour were not of a
character to promote a craving for
milk In Its natural state and us Mrs.
Horer declare It to be almost In
digestible! when boiled It offered small
advantages as a poitlon of the menu
for last night at least.
The main fcatute of the piogiamme
was the etcellcnt tjaper by Dr. Hel
mer This n followed by u report
of the . ommltti-e on dairy Inspection,
in which it wus stated that eleven
dairies had been visited and while
some were In a condition which left
little cause for criticism, others weie
unspeakably unclean in methods The.
following details weie Bubmltted In
one report
The milk In the maJorlt of cacs
was shipped from fauns ileal Nichol
son, Clark's Green, Chinchilla, t te.
Thli milk was either dipped to cus
tomers or peddled from wagons If
'dipped," the dipping was done In stole
or house, as the ease might be
At one "depot" furnishing, tho com
mittee Is glad to saj. only forty quarts,
the can, not tightly covered, stood In
a vegetable cellar twelve feet square,
with no ray of light, the odot of whlcn
compelled hastv exit.
A second depot furnished a vast
amount of material for Inspection.
Bottling was done by hand. The cans
and bottles weie washed In a kitchen
which was the living room of the fam
ily The odor signified clearly that the
one window In this kitchen, din
ing loom, nursery, bottle wash
er), had never been opened.
The proprietor earnestly denied
ever scalding the brush, w hlch
rost 20 cents, also remarked that he
kept his cans uncovered because milk
would spoil otherwise There was no
Ice. A third kept his cans of milk In
the yard and peddled from a wagon.
Five dairies visited gave the following
results First kept no Ice, washed bot
tles with "Oold Dust," bottling room
not clean kerosene oil cans about, had
used preservatives. Third showed
nothing worthy of criticism. Bottles
and cans clean, scalding rags clean,
shop also Fourth, supply depot, ice
plentiful and cans kept In running
water commendable Tlfth, blanch to
above, same
DESCRIPTION OF OTHEIt DAIRIES.
Another report of a different district
stated
In the llrst place visited the milk
hon.se was clean and quite satlsfnc
torj but the large barn, where thlit)
four head of cattle were kept, whs de
cidedly dirt), with a foul odor, show-,
ing that it had not been cleaned fo
some time
The next place Inspected was a den it
where large quanttes of milk aie !
celved from the countrv. Here ev-rv
thing was quit clean except It in U lit
have been suggested that the water 'u
the tanks for cooling milk should bo
hanged oftener, and no Ice his ken
which v is necessary during smli
warm weather as prevailed last week
One milk dealer merely rinses his
ans and leaves the washing for the
farmei to do home thiitv-slx hours or
so later How It Is completed will have
to be Imagined.
The dirtiest place visited was one
where the stable Is about as filthy In
side and out as the Imagination can
make It Daik and with no ventila
tion we held our bieath until we could
get Into the fresh alt. Here six dirty,
seraw ny cows are kept w 1th a plentiful
supply of sour mash fiom the brew
ery Coming out of the stablp our eyes
were met with a placard of diphtheria
upon the house ncross the alley
The owne'r took us into the
kitchen, which Is also the liv
ing room, where he caies for and
keeps his milk The 100m Is small and
decided! odorous. Heie, too, we un
derwent the suspension of respiration
ns much as possible The surround
ings are composed of compactly built
..ithy outhouses. It is not a wonder
that there Is not a wider spread of
disease where said disease is sold for
Horn 5 to 8 cents a quait Let eveiy
housekeeper mako It her business to
inspect personally the source of her
milk supply.
In report ot another district visited
the demising of liottles and cans was
described as most undesltable. One
proprietor disclaimed any accusation
of ever having washed either cans or
bottles, ven In hot weather. "For,"
explained he. Ingeniously if not very
lucidly to the committee, "I don't want
to be to blame for anything that hap
pens, so I don't wash them at all, then
I am not responsible nt all, whatever,"
with which remarkable logic his listen
ers had to be content.
The street car committee jeported
that Manager Silllman expressed him
self as favoring the fumigation of
cars
Dr Helmer's Interesting paper In full
follows.
THE STANDARD OF OUR CITY'S
MILK SUPPLY
In a paper which I recently had the
honor of reading before this organiza
tion, standatd milk was defined as
possessing three distinct qualities:
First, It must maintain a constant
standatd of nutritive value of known
chemical composition. Second, It must
be free from specific mlcro-oiganisms
that dessemlnated, through Its medium
may cause infectious and contagious
diseases. Third, It must be capable
of resisting fermentation, at least a
few days, without the use of presena
tlves. Judged from this point of view, how
much of the milk dally and annually
consumed In this city is a standard
milk"' One class of consumers may
teply we are not particularly Interest
ed In milk Inspection, because we have
milk from our own cow or herd. We
know what food and drink are given,
tho condition of the surroundings, tho
care UBed in milking, the way the milk
is handled, and we know when our
cow Is sick or well.
That people so fortunately situated
In this respect are exempt from Bom
degree of danger we do not doubt.
They know the milk has not been
watered or skimmed, that it contains
no chemlcalB, it Is fresh milk and
clean, because the attendant Is sup
posed to tatte proper care of both cow
and milk. These conditions are re
garded as sufficient to guarantee a
pure and wholesome milk supply.
Some families procure their supply
from neighbors who may have a tine
cow and mii to spare. The amount
of milk purchased under those condi
tions, or from people owning a small
herd, Is considerable. Milk produced
in tho city by cows of friends or neigh
bors Is especially regarded as excel
lent for the boy. because It is the milk
of one cow. In 1894 the assessors'
hooks showed about 600 cows In this
city. Today probably twice that num
ber would be a fair estimate. Theso
cows furnish milk not only to the fam
ily of the owner, but to many In the
vicinity.
To families having their own milk
supply, not particularly Interested In
milk Inspection wo would say you
must be quulllled to judge milk fiom
a scientific basis. The study of milk
from a sanitary point of vluw Is both
fascinating nnd profitable, since there
are many facts of recent discovery
that shed a Hood of light on matleis
that were formerly unknown. Unfor
tunately, today those facts are little
understood, nnd the Importance of
them not sufficiently realized by the
majority of the people.
For tho good of every family In this
lit) the rows, pilvate or otherwise,
whether located In the city or country,
should be Inspected, where It has not
already been done. Such an Inspection
should be made nt least once a year
It would determine freedom from a
number of chronic diseases and ali
ments common to cows, some of which
the animal may be allllcted with pel
haps a long time without showing am
sjmptoms.
Again, people In the city should as
certain the compatabillty of the sui
louudlngs of the cattle with a pure
milk supply They should know the
value of foods and dietaries In refei -Mice
to the health and diseases of cut
tle How to pioperly aie for the milk
lioiu the time It Is drawn fiom the
udder until used.
Milk pioduced for sale in the returil
p.uts of the till and under ceitaln
existing conditions Is comparatively
unfit for use The more densely popu
lated a city the less aie the chances
that milk pioduced In It for distribu
tion Is wholesome. Naturally, milk
from the countrv Is better as nieas
ui ed by our standard than that pro
duced In the city In the latter thete
Is not loom enough for cows. In many
Instances a number of animals are
kept in a space not large enough for
one cow. It Is Impossible to keep the
stable clean and sulllclentlv well ven
tilated and full of light. The cows aie
liable not to lecelve propel exeielso
und in their wanderings in the open
spaces of the city will drink contamin
ated water and pick up unwholesome
food, often poisonous food, causing
their sickness nnd death. In the city
animals are subject to many existing
intluences which have a detilmental
effect upon the milk pioduced.
PLANTS REQUIRE LIGHT
You have obseived how Intimately
life Is associated with Its enviionment.
Remove any element from the natuial
"nviionment of a living oiganlsm and
It at once begins to act unfavorabl)
upon that bod.v In the cellar the po
tato sprout Is white. In the Held it is
green. It must have the sun. All
plants require light to develop Into
healthy, vigorous conditions What
house-wife who adorns her home with
plants has not learned the dlffeience
between the vitalizing power of the
morning compaied with the afternoon
sun It Is equally so with all foims of
life A a canary blid living on the
western exposure will not be as heal
thy, will not sing as much or as sweet
ly, and may pine uway and die, where
In the vigorous sun light of the eastern
exposure It would have been a heal
thy, happy bird Weakness exists
just In proportion to the decree ot
shadow. A cow housed most of the
twenty-four hours In a small, dark
place without sufficient exercise, air
or light Is less vigorous and corres
pondingly below par In even" oigan
and function The milk produced by
such a cow will lack vital force. It Is
poor food, and expensive, and tho In
nocent bab icaieil upon it is robbed
of nouilslnnent at a perioJ of life when
such nouilshment should be lavishly
bestowed. In the city the death late
Is higher among cows than In the
countr, because the environment Is less
suited to the natural lequlrements of
these animals. In the clt we find
all the diseases and otheis that atlllct
cows In the country Rheumatism an J
digestive dlsordeis especially predom
inate. Consumption always exists
Some of the worst cases In which the
disease may affect every organ In the
bod and no less the udder, have been
found In my practice. Fiequently the
milk of the diseased animals Is .sold,
people do not seem to realize that such
milk Is unfit for food. Some people are
not quick to discern sickness in a tow
The food Inspectoi may apptehend
a carcass of meat about to be sold,
saturate It with kerosene and order It
to bo destio)ed. but what became 'of
the milk pioduced by that emaciated
cieature whose meat Is now unfit for
consumption Who destroyed that
milk'' Who consumed if Babes
speaking from the grave might truly
say, in a country where learning Is so
easily achieved "I died fiom Ignorance,
lawlessness and neglect." Why teach
so much in our schools people can live
happily without knowing, and neglect
the study of subjects, that furnish
knowledge necessary to sustain and
complete the fullness of life.
INSPECTION OF MILK.
In this city we have a form of milk
Inspection that contemplates the dis
covery of two tilings. One is whether
any of the fat has been removed, an
other, If any water has been added to
the milk. It Is good as far as It goes.
Rut did It ever occur to you that milk
produced In tho citv and carried out
for sale in little palls Is not even sub
ject to this form of inspection'' It is
Impossible fot one man, no matter
how faithful he may be, to Inspect as
often as necessaiy all the milk that
Is sold In the city through dairy com
panies and the hosts of milk dealers
that enter the city from four points
of the compass, to say nothing of that
sold as above stated. But milk lnspei -tlon
does not cover his duties He
must, as food Inspectoi, attend to vege
tables, fish, meats and all kinds of
food.
The food Inspector Is engaged In a
woik ot great consequence to the
health of the community. His woik
Is preventative of disease. It saves
life. It fosteis health It gives secui
Ity to the pleasuie of eating It Is i
woik, the practical importance of
which la second to none done by ony
member of our communlt) Hut since
this work Is so Impoitant vvhj Is it
not more thoroughly done than on
man can do? If the milk you consume
Is Inspected and fulfills the first pun
clple of our standard, viz; that it must
maintain a constant standard of nutri
tion of known definite chemical com
position, wli) Is It not at least equally
Important that it should be pr.'lu l
from healthy cows fed on proper food,
given pure water and kept in hyglei.lc
surroundings with cleanliness p'tend
lng every step of the process o' lis
pioductlon, In order that the other iwo
conditions may be fulfilled.' vi that
tho milk must be free fiom rpeelfls
mlcro-oiganlsms that dessemlnated
through its medium produce contag
ious and Infectious diseases, and that
It Is of such a quality as to presnve
Itself at least a few davs without tie
use of drugs or chemicals
Why Is It not as necessaiv that It
should be clean and free from dirt,
which may be so frequently found In
the bottom of the milk pltchei where
milk has not been properl) strained
DrBull'sN
Cur It Throat and Lung Affeclloni.
COUGH SYRUP
tv Get the genuine. Refuse substitute. M
Vis sure
-'a' loforsc
or filtered? Why should It be allowed
to carry the germs ot contagious und
Infectious diseases, such as typhol 1
fever, scarlet fever, anthrax, tubercul
osis nnd diphtheria? Why should it
carry poisonous ptomalns, especially
In the summer time, thit kill nio.'i
babes than all other diseases com
bined? Dr. M. P. Ravenal, bacteriologist at
the University of Pennsylvania, In
Philadelphia, who has had great expe
rience! with the bacteriological side of
milk, asseits that a sample of the or
dinary city milk Is an piegnant with
microbes ns sumples of city sewage
that have been brought to him for ex
amination. Estimates have been made In n few
other American cities. The number of
bacteria In tno milk In dlfTcient cities
varies widely. In the city of Boston
in tho spring It wus found to have un
average of about 2,300,000 per cubic
centimeter. A cubic centimeter is about
fifteen drops. Tno number of bac
teria varied from 30.500 to 4,500,000
Milk should not contain more than 10.
000 microbes per cubic centlmlter.
When It exceeds this number it is
coi responding!)' dirty milk. The num
ber found In the mlk of a number of
milk men fiom Mlddleton, Conn., var
ied from 11,000 to SOO.CO per cubic cen
timeter. Russell found 35,000 to 275,000
In April and ....0,000 to 2,000,000 per cu
bic centlmcto- during May und June
In the city of Mudlson, Wisconsin
To show what may be done to dimin
ish the number of bacteria per cubic
centlmlter In milk thiough the use of
s)8tematlc cleanliness and dean sur
roundings I w ill read you a report for
one week of the number ot mlcro-oi-ganlsms
found per cubic centimeter
dally during the week beginning Sat
urday, Jan 6th and dosing Friday,
Jan 12. 1D0O.
Saturday. Jan. 6 2.G..0.
Sunday. Jan. 7 ".-iO
Monday, Jan. 8 1.025.
Tuesday, Jan. 0 lfi'lu
Wednesdav unit. 10 4,600.
Thursday, Jan 11 4.225.
Friday. Jan. 12 875.
These results weie obtained fiom
fresh cows milk, which had not been
cither pasteurlllzed or sterilized. The
examination was conducted ut the Pep
per Laboratory of Clenical Medicine, of
the University of Pennsylvania.
The number of bacteila found varies
accoidlng to the surroundings of the
cows, the way they ure piepared for It
and are milked, also upon the utensils,
tyelr cleanliness, the cleanliness of the
attendants nnd the wav the milk is
handled and shipped
To my knowledge examinations for
bacteria In ordinal y milk in Scranton
have never been made Like the ma
jority of American cities we do not
have a bacteriologist, whose duty It
would be to study such questions nnd
lender a report on the sanitary condi
tion of the dairy from which this milk
came, without having seen the daliy.
SUBJECT OF SANITATION.
A competent Inspection of the fountain-head
of our city'H milk supply,
that Is, the dairy, would result benefi
cially. It would cause the subject of
dairy sanitation to be carefully studied
The Stute lve Stock Sanitary Board
of this state and the Bureau of Animal
Industry of the United States Issue
bulletins to the farmers on this and
kindred subjects. No doubt great gooi
results from this source of reading, but
such reading is more Incidental than
s)stematlc, because there Is no Incen
tive to leading and to tho pinctlclng
of new Ideas, except for curiosity.
In cities, ptoducers of milk for sale
ns a rule read little or nothing. If
they would they are not so apt to re
ceive It from the government, as the
farmer Is. because the latter Is the
owner of the Ualiy and the recognized
source of the milk supply
Milk Inspection at the daily would
have the effect ot stimulating Inquii)
as well as s)stematlc study of the milk
question; nnd the dessemlnatlon of
knowledge which must result in the
right production and pioper handling
of milk, which is the ke to a pure and
wholesome milk supply
A milk inspector at the beginning of
his woik would find some cows crowd
ed In dark stables, too small for the
number of animals herded together.
The walls and ceilings coveied with
dirt, dust and cob-webs, the accumu
lation of years. There might be no
drainage. Cattle, especially on wet
days, found standing above their
ankles In mud and manure Their
bodies plastered with manure nnd dirt,
especially in the winter time. Not only
cows, but other animals, hoises, sheep,
sw Ine and poultry might also be found
In the same apartment The milk cans
might be allowed to stand, with covets
off. In a tub of water in the same loom
with the cows, nbsorblng gases, ml
ciobes and odors, without having Itself
been properly aerated In some cases
the milk Is kept In cellais. where It Is
surrounded with various egetables,
decaying and otherwise, various kinds
of moats, and everything that may be
found In some people's cellais.
The successful milk Inspector would
practically start a school, for In places
where, milk Inspection is not In oguo
few people understand how to handle
this most susceptible article ot diet
To Implant new ideas while weeding
out old ones, to Inculcate cleanliness,
to teach tho relation of many species
of bacteila to milk would be some
good tesultlng from his labors.
He would inspect eveiy cow, the
character of the food, and the water,
the stable, as to Its area, the number
of cubic feet of area space, the ven
tilation, drainage, the location and
character of the milk house, the health
and habits of those who handle the
milk, the feeding, the bedding and
cleaning of the cows, the manner of
milking, straining and cooling the
milk. He would examine and Inspe t
each cow In the heid. Animals with
tuberculosis would be condemned, ulso
those having cancels on the jaw or
neck, enlaigement of the uddei, or anv
other physical condition which would
contaminate the milk. He would pass
no cow with nny Injury, disease or
lameness m would lequhe the walls
and ceilings to be frequently swept and
white-washed, the Ilooi.s and gutters
to be cleaned befoie milking. The cow
to be cleaned around the Hanks and
thigh as well as on the uddei. In ouler
to pi event dust and dirt from falling
Into the milk These paits should be
wiped off with a clean, damp cloth
AVetting the lingers while milking Is
unclean The milker should wash his
hands before beginning and should put
on a large clean apron oi a suit of out
er ganuents used ut no other time.
The attendant upon a sick child or
person having any contagious or In
fectious disease should neither milk nor
have anything to do with the cows
during the time the disease Is at Its
height. If It Is typhoid fever great
care should be exercised about the wat
er In cleansing tho milk utensils. If It
Is on Infectious disease, like scarlet
fever and diphtheria, everything should
bo done at the milk house, and no one
exposed to tho disease should handle
the milk, or have anything to do with
It.
FATS AND SOLIDS
What matters It If the specific giav
Ity of milk Is right, shows the proper
amount of butter fats and total solids.
If It also contains dust nnd dirt from
a filthy barn particles of exctementl
tlous matter from tho caw, as well
as the germs of a loathsome and, per
haps, fatal disease.
Tho production of milk as an article
of human food may well be given the
first place of Importance In the cate
gory of foods. In a pure state milk Is
a perfect food. It contains all the
proximate principles to bupport human
life. It will sustain llfo longer than
nny other kind of food taken alone
The child begins to grow upon milk
and much ot Its futuie health nnd
strength depends upon the quality
from a chemlco-physlologlcnl and
patho-bacterlologlcal point of view
Aside from the child, milk is consumed
by the adult. The Invalid may sub
sist upon It. It haB been estimated
that tho annual milk supply of the
United states Is neatly six billion gal
lons. In Greater New York about 750.
000 quarts nre consumed dally. If the
Inhabitants of this city consumed one
halt a pint a dny on an aveiago, which
is only n fair estimate, the total
umoutit consumed dally would aggie
gate 6,250 Quarts.
While so much money Is spent upon
other piojncts, which, no doubt, are
useful nnd tiecessui), umountlng to
thousands and even millions of dol
lars, how much is expended by our
city per year to secuie n puio and
wholesome milk suppl) What does
It accomplish In the way ot protection
to Its principal aitlde of food, nnd
upon which the life of many of the
younger members of the community al
most entirely depend?
Is not our standard of milk lust
what It happens to be? What the pro
ducers make it. according to theli
knowledge mid habits In Its pioduc
tlon? Do our people sulllclentlv un
derstnnd the alue of pine milk'' If
the standaid of milk Is not what it
should be. Is it not laigely the peoples
fault?. one thing Is ceitnln Milk is
too cheap. Competition has reduced
the pi Ice, making It difficult to pro
duce the nt tides with any pioflt, and
poorer and cheaper foods will be fed
The lower the prlre the poorer mil
cheaper foods will be fed the cows, the
greater the tendency to watei nd skim
the milk and also to preset ve It, not
by caie In Its production, but b th
abundant use of chemicals There is
nothing worse than cheap milk. Again
many a fnrmei Is blamed for deliver
Ing Impute milk when the Ignorant Rnd
careless seivant or house-wife is m
tliel) at limit Want of knowledge oi
lack of appreciation as to the Impott
tance of absolute cleanliness In the
care of milk, not ony when ready fu
sale, but after delivery, its well Is
one of the greatest, though, perlnps
least leallzed difficulties that health
authorities will have to contend
against
ARTIFICIAL SUBSTITUTES
The fanner should lecognle the fact
that arming the health officers of the
city to which he sends his milk with
authority to satisfy themselves tint
the held which pioduced the milk Is
fiee fiom disease and that the milk It
self In the piocess of production an 1
delivery Is fiee fiom dangerous con
tamlnntion, Is to accomplish mote for
the peimnnent and Increasing pros
perlty of daliy farming than Is posl
ble In any other wa). He must know
that the market Is full with eveiy de
scription of aitlficlal food foi Infants
nnd invalids, some of which have prov
en themselves to be fair substitutes
tor cow's milk, especially when the
latter Is poor or has been carelessl)
handled. Most experienced ph)slclans
und many Intelligent laymen know
that a good aitlficlal substitute Is fin
piefeiable. Then, again is the ever
constant anxiety that the milk ina) be
Infected. Once lemove permanently
these well grounded objections to i
milk supply and the demand must con
siderably nnd peimanently lnciease
Therefoie, we say to the funnel, jou
have a strong motive to join wlfh the
health authorities in their attempts to
secuie legislation to protect the milk
supply from Infection, adulteration and
other Impuiitles, whther In Its pio
duction or in its distribution and sale
You theieby are suie to protect and
peimanently improve your present In
terests and at the same time deserve
the name of public benefac tors
In Intimate connection with this
subject of the city's milk suppl) an
vital statistics of the United States,
exhibiting the number of deaths if
ported fiom each of four diseases in
persons under 5 years of age and In
each year under 5 years.
Cholera
U 1 1-2 2-2 3-1 4-5 Total
Infantum . 202G". 5C90 1139 2S1 121 271.r
11571 200S 716 277 117 1 "M1
Diarrhoea .IGOin 7023 2S3J 123C 2J6 27'm
Debility and Inanition 20670
Df. Henry Hakei, secretaiy of th
state board of Michigan, comments
upon theso statistics as follows:
My belief Is that all the pilncipal
causes of Infantile mortality aio most
ly tesults of Ignoiance Ignorance ot
the practical application of bacteriolo
gy and mycology to every day affaiis
particulaily to food, water and fuod
materials, on which human exlstetu
depends; Ignorance of the effects of
exposure of that sort of knowledg
which Ileibert Spencer chaiac teiie.l
as of "most worth" Knowledge vvhnh
tends dltectly to pieserve life: knowl
edge which It should be the function
of the public school system to mak
paiamount, because the llfu ot th
people Is the supiemo law.
Taking up the causes of Infantile
mortality somewhat In order of tin li
Importance:
Convulsions. One of the causes of
greatest Infant mortality is repotted a
"convulsions." Some of these are un
doubtedly due to piimniy disease of
tho bull, or net roils S)stem; but It
seems to be geneially believed, b)
those who have investigated the sub
ject, that the gi eater pait of the
deaths thus lepoited aie leallv due to
dlairhoeal and other disease of tho di
gestive tract. This Is especially tiue
of those who die of convulsions In or
following hot weather
Infant moitalit) fiom convulsions is,
theiefore. mostly due to Ignorance of
mothers, and others who caie for In
fants, concerning the pioper food foi
Infants, and the piopei guaiding of
that food from changes due to fei -ments,
especially In hot weather.
Cholera Infantum- No one supposes
that cholera Infantum Is vvilfullv
caused by mothers or pet sons whi
have Infants In charge, .vet In some
places a laiger pioportlon of all chil
dren born die of th it disease That it
results from causes which aie pre
ventable Is shown by seveial facts:
First, among tho higher classes of peo
ple the moitallty Is veiv much !4ss
than among the less Intelligent and
less piovident. Second, Infants who
aie nouilshed whollv by mothers milk
aie almost wholly exempt fiom cholera
infantum Thlid the disease, Is un
doubtedly c aliped bv changes In the
Infant's food or elilnk, due to bacteila.
fungi, or some sou of inlcio-organ-Ism.s.
On this subject much has been
lenined by Professor V.iughan heie In
thlH laboratoi), and It tho mothers
and those who have the le.spnnslbllity
of cailng for the children In Michigan
could all have a couise of study In
this laboratory, cholera infinitum and
most of the Important disease of In
fancy would not slaughter the Inno
cents ns Is now pennltted
DUE TO IONORANCE.
Dlairhoea. What is truo of choleia
Infantum is, In great part, tiue of dlat
ihoea. Either the poisons geneiated by
the mlcio-organlsms nie not so concen
trated, nut so convulsive in their ef
fects, oi in some othei way differ from
those In cholera infantum. But this
gieat cause of Infant moitallty is
laigely duo to Ignoiance and caieless
ness on tho part ot those who have
caie of tho children. The remedy Is
education In such branches of sanitary
science as bacteriology and mycology,
especially such educutlon of tho girls,
who are to bo the mothers of tho next
generation. To tho girls at this uni
versity the use of this laboratory of
hygiene should be In gieat part de
voted, because of the very gieat Im
portance of the subject to the life of
the people, xne State Agricultural
college has voted to admit girls, and
to have a department ot domestlo sci
ence. Let us hope that domestic sci
ence will include several branches of
sanitary study, as for Instance, bac
teriology, mycology, sanitary climat
ology anu the modes by which the
most dangerous diseases nre spread,
and how they may bo restricted and
prevented.
A Human Match Factory.
The body of the average man contains phosphorus sufficient to make
483,840 matches, enough to fill about G.ooo boxes, allowing eighty
matches to the box. Phosphorus is one of fourteeu elements entering into
the composition of the body. It is divided among the bones, flesh,
nervous system, and other organs. Without phosphorus the brain would
be weak, the body feeble, and the bones would disintegrate, leaving man
a squidgy invertebrate squirming in the dust. The icrfect health of the
human body requires a perfect balance of the constituent elements of
which it is composed. The carbon, iron, lime, sulphur, sodium, etc.,
must all be replaced as they are used up in human energy. Take all the
iron from the blood and the circulation stops. That's death. Change the
proper proportion of these substances to each other, destroy their natural
balance in the body, and you destroy the balance of health.
Where do these essential elements of vital force come from ? From the
food we eat. How are they extracted and distributed to the several or
gans they sustain ? They are extracted and distributed by the stomach
and other organs of digestion and nutrition. What happens when the
stomach is "weak?" The food is only partly digested and assimulated.
a.i Hi w1i.it? Then the balance of health is destroyed and there's
blood "trouble," nerve "trouble," lung "trouble," heart "trouble or some
other "trouble" with the vital organs of the body. 1'am is tlie Hunger
1 cry of the starved organs.
What then is the logical first step to health ? Put the stomach and or
gans of digestion and nutrition into a condition of sound health. That is
just what is done by Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery and that is
just the secret of the many marvelous cures effected by this remedy.
No medicine can make fat or flesh, i'ooct alone can mage mem. uniy
the stomach and its allied organs can extract from the food the elements
that make flesh and fat and sustain life. "Nerve foods," "blood making"
medicines, are mere fads and fallacies. The nerves are fed, the blood is
made by food, not by medicine. The stomach and organs of digestion
and nutrition prepare and distribute the food.
Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery is not a cure-all. It does one
thing. It cures diseases of the stomach and organs of digestion and nu.
tritiou. The rest Nature does. Nature feeds the nerves, enriches the
blood, heals the lungs and restores the failing vital powers. "Golden
Medical Discovery" only removes the obstructions disease has put in
Nature's way.
There is uo alcohol in "Goldeu Medical Discovery" and it contains
neither opium, cocaine nor any other narcotic.
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UNTOLD AGONY,
"It is with a glad heart that I wrjte
you a testimonial such as few can write
with the clear conscience that I do," says
Miss Sallie Ikjggan, Rich (Rich Hill),
Spartanburg Co., S. C. "About nine years
ago I was taken with what our best phy
sicians called neuralgia and enlargement
of the heart, dvspepsu and indigestion.
I suffered uutold agony in both mind and
body, and at times my mind would become
cloudy so that I would not care to see
anylxxly. I would sit down to the table
to eat, and eat a few mouthful9, but my
stomach would not retain any kind of
food, and I ivould have to leave the table.
Last fall I spent about ?25-tx with our
doctor but grew worse all the time. At
last, when I was about to give up in
despair, a friend advised mc to write to Dr.
Pierce. I did so, and he advised me to
take his 'Golden Medical Discovery' and
'Favorite Prescription.' I bought one
bottle of each and also one vial of his
' Pleasant Pellets,' and began using ns
directed In n few days I could tell I was
getting better. I have taken four bottles
each of the 'Golden Medical Discovery
and ' Favorite Prescription' and two vials
of ' Pleasant Pellets, and I am a well
woman to-day. Can eat an thing and
work hard all clay in the field or house,
or anywhere else, and can sleep as sweetly
as a baby. Many thanks to you for your
kind treatment."
LIFE WORTH LIVING.
"I was a sufferer from torpid liver for
over a year," writes Mrs. Nora Willis,
WheatGcld, Jasper Co., Ind., "and could
not sleep, nor eat but ery little, and then
it would cause me great distress. I tried
several doctors but got no relief. Was JrgrS??
advised by a friend to write to Dr. Pierce, pf5i
which I did, and in a few days I received
a letter, advising me to take his 'Golden
Medical Discovery ' and nlso his ' Pleasant
Pellets.' After 1 had taken only half a
bottle I was greatly improved. I only
took three bottles of the ' Golden Medical
Discovery' and two vials of the ' Pellet9,'
and, thanks to Dr. Pierce and his wonder
ful medicine, I am as well as ever in my
life, and feel that life is wortli living
after all.
" Last winter I took a severe cold which
resulted in pleurisy. Tongue cannot tell
what I suffered. For two nights and two
days I could not move without it nearly
killed me. I told my husband I could not
endure another night of suffering. The
weather was so cold and stormy that it
was almost too bad for anyone to go six
miles to town, but he went, and got a
bottle of Dr. Pierce's Extract of Smart
Weed, which gave me instant relief. I
can say that for all pains that I have tried
it for it has worked like magic. We keep
a bottle of the ' Smart-Weed in the house
all the time. I cannot thank Dr. Pierce
euough for what he has done for ire."
w
In tho past year It has cost Dp. R. V. Pioroo ovor $28,000
to mako good Ms promleo of a froo copy of tho Gomcncn
Sonso Medical Advisor. This book containing WOO pages
and hound In strong and durablo cloth covers Is sent froo
on rooeipt of 31 ono-cont stamps to pay oxponso of mail
ing ONLY, Address Dr. R. V. Pioroo, Buffalo, N. Y.
WW:
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In Ui tol . r IMil the readei pr sent
ed .1 i 1 h Ini a funnels Institute
held In Iulmn entitled ' Tubi-n ulosls
InCittli I niu suv the subject was
leginlid with iiuiosltv l.ithei than
sei Inus nppit heifioli Since that time
manv imliviluil uwneis f heals in
that ei tlun hive hud the hi ids tested
with tubeiculln The tesult was that
while In some herds no tuberculosis
was found In others ns high ns fiom
2.", to 7" per c 1 ut of this disease exist
ed Occasionally an entire herd was
sucilflced The disease was found In
uv iv clegiee of development from In
clpienc) to the broken down victim
of gincializod tuberculosis Only Inst
spring we tested six bundled head in
thi (iilnclillli and Ablngton dlstilcts,
and i he test was wlioll) confined to
cows producing milk for tlie Scranton
Daiiy compati). This company, desir
ous of furnishing as pure milk as po
slbli hid this woik done at tin h own
1iensis, and the State Live Stock
Saultaiy Uoaid assumed the lespousl
blllty of the number of cattlo de
stio)ed. In this test we found about
2 per cent, diseased. In cai h case a
complete! lecord was made of the con
dition of tho herd and ot the surround
ings fiom a sanltmy point or view.
1)1. inks for this purpose weiu furnished
bv the st.Uo boat el. Ownen of heids,
who had the pilvilegu of having their
lift Us tested weie- requited to sign a
contiact that they would disinfect the
pumlses and obsurvo tho lules of the
board to prevent the ic-lntiodm tlon
of the malady.
The Inspection Included examination
for every other disease and a certifi
cate of health was presented to each
owner, stating tho results of the ex
amination. In addition to this the
Scranton Daliy company officials visit
ed tho premises of the producer nnd
Inspected the nrovalllng method of
feeding and caring for tho stock ami
the milk. A set of fifty dairy rules ob
tained from tho daliy department of
the Kuieau of Animal Industiy was
tacked up In each stable to guide ami
Instiuct the producer In' the manner
of perfecting tho milk.
It was an education upon all points
to owners of theso excellent herdB.
Hald owners I found to bo nn Intelli
gent, progressive and well-to-do class
of people. We beenmo convinced that
If tho city would do its part such peo
ple would not lack in doing all in their
power to furnish pute und whole 'Mine
milk to the clt) I am convinced that
with what woik we have d'ine b. sid s
what has been a 1 oiiipUsln d bv sum
vetoilnarlans, liibeuulosis i pi.uti
cillv e indicated In that se. tion of oui
milk suppl) .M.in e itv nus luiv
been tested for tubi l ulosls u in d an I
kept by families for tin Ir pilvate use
only. Theso inspections have been
made b) leciuest of owneis who We-ce
Inteiested and anxious ubmit the elK
ease. In conclusion, tubeic ulosls .isis
among our clt) cows and in eounti
heids thut suppl) milk to tlie clt
Some heids aie- fiee fiom the cllsias ,
otheis contain one or two cases and lu
some the peieentugo ot the disease i
vciy high I5ut If only 3 pi r cent, ex
ists among only G.000 cows and Hi
number that pioduce milk for this 1 lu
is laiger. It would mean ono bundled
ami fifty diseased cows from tuli
culosls alone, furnish milk for con
sumption In the city of Scianton.
But cows have other chronic ail
ments und diseases. They nro also vic
llms of ft number of acute maladies.
Scaicely a held exists that does not
contain a milk producing cow that Is
affected In one wny or another Occa
sionally a held Is a hot bed of disease.
Again, t)phold fever barilla have
been founu In milk. Hart icpoit llftv
epidemics of typhoid fever, with l,.10i)
cupcs, and Dr riuinan, of New Yeuk,
collected lecoids of llfty-three epl
dcnilcs, with J,'.'2fi cases In all of
these cases the typhoid barilla Wei
distributed b) milk Infected with ihat
geim. Diphtheria Is nnothei cllsens
transmitted by means of Infected milk.
Dr Halt collected statistics m seven
epidemics of diphtheria, with 500 cases.
Dr rreeman of Xew Yoik, obtained
a leeoid of eleven epidemics, with r.Ol
cases Of these, eighteen epidemics
weie transmitted by melius ot infect
ed milk
An outbreak of typhoid fever ic
ceiitly In the clt) of Plttsbuig was
liaced 10 milk Infection As well as
such Us-tiHes being Introduced from
the eounti), why may not the Infec
tion be spread by means of tho milk
of the city 11m located In the neigh
borhooil of an outbreak
Again the llrst lequlslte of pine milk
Is cleanliness. Have we nny light to
clnlm our supply Is more clean 01 pure
than that furnished In Boston, Mudl-
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MADE ME A AE1
AJAXTABLUI&IU3U1V1 ux. Ul i
r T. ma., It. ,mtrfi 1 jilllnt. rii .
ory,Impotency, Hlper I sno , fitr , cj.n J
by Abaso or other J !e,.!i cjiJ ,iju
crotiom, lliru ? lu anil u 1
lectoro ix vuuiuy i'i uiuorjcunir. ,ue
fltnmnaforBtudj, In. U'aoriur, . .
Inwanl. Itw.tnltv KIlll (XntllllDtlOn f
tnkeu'io Hue. Thoirimj eihoni itemed intj fnpr -mcntr.nil
cBcl3 a c UltE vrhi.ro all ml er full,,. -fist
upol hnvlnz tho crnnlre. AJji InbloU 1
ImTecar-ilthouswCdinniwlllcurjiuu. WnpijoQi
itivomittouc-ui rmlcotooaeaucuro CftfSTIJ '
web. caw or rjfuaJtho raoacy. !r.coyMli
racUKO, or cis 1 1.1 ls lf-11 trs.trMntl for t-U. ! y
till, iu rl-la wriprT. nponreecrii tol rrtrp. c m 1'
AJAX REMEDY CO., &Th. '
Tor sale In sSiranten, Pa , bj ji .11 I
Bros, and II C Smdcrsm, t)ruik,.i
BO
To PATEST Ceod Kks
may be Mcura! I
our aid. AcJUrtuc
THE PATENT hECOHD.
Baltimore, VJ.
son, Wisconsin, Middle low 11, Conne il
c ut, ot Phlludelpni? If a tiv"!
coining from the latter city Is iouii l
as teeming with mlcioblc life ns a sam
ple of city sewage, with no bett r
safeguards than possessed by tlv"
c Hies mentioned may net the milk sup
pl) of oui liy be tho s.uno.
Laws incited lug cunsumera again- u
adulteiatcel inllh by uso of pieseiv .
tlves evlst In thlH as well us otb 1
il.ii. Hut Is sullldent help provld 1
to eiifoice tne law? Should wi i
have a dt) c ln-mist und luc tcilologi r
as well as a lood InspeetoV?
.Milk Inspection lit order to bo effc -time
must jcgln at tho fountain In 1 I
uiiel lu) 1 mphasls upon tho health
the cow, tho condition' ot her sunounci
lugs, tho production nnd cares of Ui
milk und tho handling nnd BhlpiUn,:
of the same.
It nppropi lately ends With the clniu-leo-physlolnglcal
test which Is now mi
plo)ed bv tho local food Irtsrtedor 1
detetmlne the fat content and it
amount of nun-fatty solids nnd uat 1.
It should also include u ilgld exumin
atlon for vuilous pruseivutlvetf, whl 1
aie undoubtedly used by some wh
bundle and sell milk since their facili
ties are not perfect enough to ke i
milk successfully without the use ,t
drugs.