THE SUJLIANTOjN" TRIBUNE-SATURDAY, APRIL 22, 1890.
13)
SENDING TELEGRAMS
WITHOtTCANY WIRES
NOVEL EFFECTS OF SIONOR
MARCONI'S WORK.
Some of the Difficulties Which Thla
Now Celebrated Itallnn Investi
gator Had to Overcome Before He
Could Project a Messago Across the
.English Channel The Idea Not n
New One.
From the New York Times.
Stffnor Guulleltno Marconi's success
ful experiment In sending mespoKes by
electricity ncross tho English channel
without the aid of wires has astounded
the world, but wireless telegraphy, like
most other new things, had been known
for some time before any practical an
Pllcatlon of It was possible. The theory
mid the law hud both been car"tuny
worked out before Marconi began
drcamlnff of practical methods of util
izing electric waves. To the construc
tive genius of the young Italian, how
ever, belongs the full credit for apply
ing these laws nnd theories, while other
scientists were still testing them to as
certain whether or not they had been
really discovered and accurately classi
fied. Tho science of wireless telegraphy,
for It has become practically a new
science, dates its birth from Michael
Faradav, who llrst recognized tho na
ture of tho electric waves, or rather
the true movement nnd play of elec
tricity, although the "waves" were not
known to him as such. Faradav said
that electricity was tho result of tho
play of atoms and molecules. This
suggested to James Clerk-Maxwell, the
great Scotch physicist, who died In
1S7&, the similarity of light waves and
electric waves. lAfter pxperlirtentlntr
he came to the conclusion that they
were of tho species and governed by
similar laws, lie concluded that tho
undulations or waves of electricity
could be transmitted through the air
In the same manner us light, and with
about the same rapidity, as the electric
waves differed from luminous waves
only In force.
Tho German scientist Uulnrlcli Hertz,
who died In IS!) I. was able to provj be
yond question of tho correctness of the
theory announced by Clerk-Mexwell.
The verification of this theory, and tho
advances he made upon tho laws dis
covered by Clerk-Mexwell, have war
ranted scientists In naming the electric
undulations after him, as the "Hertzian
waves."
WHERE MARCONI'S AVORK 1JRGAN
It la with these waves that Marconi
has been experimenting so success
fully. Tho way had been blazed out,
but no scientist had followed It far
enough to justify tho conclusion that
tho waves would ever bo used for the
practical transmission of messages
without the aid of wire. Marconi took
up the (study where Clerk-Maxwell,
Hertz. Rlghl, Popoff, Samsln. Rrnnly
and a dozen others had left off or had
Just arrived. He acted upon tho ex
ample of Haeckel, who when ho be
came a believer In evolution snld that
ho would not make It the conclusion of
his life study, but tho starting point.
Marconi saw where the study of flic
undulations had come to a stand, and
ho took up the Investigations exactly
at that point, and soon had perfected h
system by which uctual messages could
be transmitted. The hypothesis bo
came as practical a matter of com
merce and dally life us the ordinary
telegraph line or the submarine cable.
The theory and the law had been es
tablished by others: he utilized it for
the benefit of mankind. Herts; had
measured the waves. Branly and Du
cretet had Invented receivers for reg
istering them, and the Russian savant
Popoff had successfully sent messages
by means of" them as early as 1893. but
It had not been thoroughly iVnioiisliat
ed that the waves could be transmit
ter for a considerable distance, regis
tered with case and easily read.
In nearly all discoveries of the pres
ent day It Is remarkable that some
scientist, In the capacity of prophet,
had already announced in advance just
what would be accomplished. I.L'ver
rier Indicated the place In the heavens
where Neptune would bo found by a
telescope sufficiently powerful; Haeck
el announced that some day the skele
ton of the real ancestor of man tho
missing link would bo unearthed
years before It was found In Java, and
Clerk-Mnxwell and tir AVllllam
Thompson announced, in turn, tho
laws by which tho electric waves would
act when their discovery and utiliza
tion were accomplished. Clerk-Maxwell
showed that the light waves and
the electric waves were subject to sim
ilar laws, and both could be trans
mitted throuph nnd by means of tho
air or ether. Sir AVllllam Thompson
showed that when a condenser was
Cscaplnc From Herself.
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This only serves to show that what
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ity h.
.WlAVViK'E
4PK&msv
v.iv I &hd sjiair . t m f
discharged by a. dead wire oscillations
of lessening Intensity wero produced,
each series of oscillations being fol
lowed by a period of rest. This proved
that the discharge was oscillatory,
and It was by this fact that the waves
were accurately measured nnd brought
within practical use. Fedderten veri
fied this theory.
MEASURING THE WAVES.
Sir AVllllam Thompson, while ho had
Indicated the way to mcasuro tho
waves, did not succeed In mea&urlng
them himself. The short period of the
waves was so lnfinlteslmally short thnt
It defied measurement. In this they
differed from light waves In that their
period could not be measured In centi
meters, but In mllllonths of millimet
ers. Rut another characteristic of the
electric waves was used for the pur
pose of arriving at nn accurate meas
urement of their short period. This
was tho fact that after each series of
oscillations or undulations thcro was
a period of rest. AVhen once the geo
metric form of tho undulations wns
determined It wa3 comparatively easy
to determine when a series of a given
number of oscillations would end. A
series of undulations was produced by
every Interruption of the Induction
spool. If the osclllatloii3 were short,
tho period of rest would bo correspond
ingly short; and In this way Professor
A. Rlghl, of liologna, Italy, under
whom Marconi studied, was able to
measure more exactly tho duration of
the electric undulations.
After the waves had been mensurcd
and their character determined as
nearly as possible, the next step was
the receiving ana registering of them.
Hertz und Sarasln, In their experi
ments, made use of largo metallic
plates, on which the electric waves
were rcllected, as light waves are re
llected In a mirror. It was estimated
that the oscillations were as high as
100.000,000 a second. Tho results of
these experiments showed ...0 accuracy
of previous calculations. They showed
nlso that the phenomena were propa
gated with about the swiftness of
light, and that they were transmissible
In the same way and by tho same
means.
THE FIRST MESSAGES.
In 1S95 Popnff had succeeded In send
ing and In registering a message. Rlg
hl had Improved on his methods, and
Marconi, in turn, improved upon tho
methods of Rlghl. He introduced the
use of the mast for increasing the
length of tho conductor, having dis
covered that the distance to which sig
nals may be sent varies according to
the square of the length of the conduc
tor, ills first notable success was In
1S0G, or one year after Popoff had de
monstrated the practicability of trans
mitting messages without the use of
wires.
The French scientists claim preced
ence over Marconi In the practical use
of the electric waves for transmitting
messages. M. Rlgaut, In an article In
Ea Science Francalse of Feb. 24, says:
"We have claimed for Mr. Uranly
the paternity of the essential feature
in tho receiving Instrument the 'co
herer "
The French olllce of telegraphy Is
now engaged In making experiments
with the apparatus of MM. Rranly and
Ducretet. I. lugaut, In the article re
ferred to, scribes the apparatus as
follows:
"The mast pports one end of an In
sulated cona itor that floats in the
air, while the other end communicates
with tho pole of an Induction coll and
one of tho spheres of discharge. The
other pole of the coll Is connected with
the other sphere nnd then with the
earth. If the electrio current passes
through n coll, a discharge takes place
between the two spheres, which con
stitutes what Is known as the 'oscil
lator.' Thus we have a discontinuous
and oscillatory electric discharge, or a
source of electric waves.
"From the fref extremity of the in
sulated conductor fixed on the mast
tho waves radiate. This extremity
may be terminated by a metallic sur
face, that furnishes, with the conduc
tor, the requisite electilc capacity. Thla
radiating conductor Is, then, the trans
mitter. A spring key, as in the Morse
transmitter, enables tho operator to
make tin discharge short or long.
"The receiver consists of a tolvr
or tube filled with metallic filings,
called by Uranly a 'radioconductor,' of
u model Invented by M. Ducretet. This
is put in communication on one nidi;
with an Insulated conductor of a 022
ond tall mast, and on tho other side
vith the earth. The end of the Insu
lated conductor Is tho collector of tho
fleet lie waves. On the other hand,
the cohering tube is placed In the cir
cuit of u buttery and a Very Beii'.tlve
telegraphic relay. The battel y cur
rent passes In the clectro-magnt of
tho relay only when the electric waves,
coming through space, traverse the cu
heier, causing it to become a conduc
tor. "As in all kinds of telegraphy, each
station must have both transmitting
and a receiving instrument. A pott
ublo receiving Instrument sudlces for
the reading of the Hertzian waves sig
nals; nnd by connecting It with a reg
istering apparatus the message may
be printed on a band of paper."
In February the French scientists
were experimenting with sending a
message over a distance of about nine
teen miles. Marconi hal already trans
mitted a messago over a dlstanco of
thirty-one miles.
THE EARTH'S CURVATURE.
AVhen Marconi began working at his
experiments there- were 11 number of
difficulties to overcome. One was tho
transmission of the message through
damp air, clouds, etc , another was
the transmission of the waves over
pitch a distance as made the curva
ture of tho eaith a barrier to the course
of tho waves. He surmounted both
difficulties, nnd succeeded In sending
messages through clouds and fog, and
In transmitting them at distances of
thirty-two miles and more, proving
thnt, to a considerable extent, at least,
the problem presented by the earth's
curvaturo could be solved. The dis
tance to which the waves can be trans
mltted is still limited, and even Mar
coni has not claimed that they can be
Bent to any great distance; but It Is
probable that, with longer conductors.
or by other means, the method will
be applied In ways that will enable
the operator to transmit messages to
n much greater distance than has yet
been done.
Marconi found In a series of experi
ments, that ho could send messages
through any weather known In Eng
land, nnd has succeeded In transmit
ting tho waves through fogs and clouds
to ships at Ffa, nnd between distant
points on land. In this respect the
electric wavo differs from the light
wave, which cannot pierce the heavy
fo?s of the const, This power of the
waves wll prove of Incalculable value
In the life-saving service, and It has
already been used to good purpose In
England, where a ship In distress was
rescued by reason of tho transmission
of news of her Bltuatlon through th
Smraay-SciiGOI
for
Jesu
BY J. E. GILBERT, CJ. DM LL. D.,
Secretary of American Society of Religious Education.
INTROUUCTION.-Tho topic given to
this lossou by tha International commit
tee is appropriate to tho sixth verso only.
Another topic, ns above. Is believed to
t.o better suited to the whole passage, Hy
reference to tha context it will appear
Unit after tho feet vtaslmig, Jesus re
sumed Ills place at the table nnd con
cluded the Paschal si pper. AVhlie oatlng,
In answer to John's question, Judas was
pointed cut us the ono who should betray
Him (John xlllt SK), und Immediately lu
went forth Into tho darkness to completo
his agreement with the chief priests.
Afterward Peter was warned and the me.
morlal feast was Instituted of which
John makes no mct.tlon (Mark xlv: 22).
Tho sacrament, and th! words In con
nection with it brought tho death of
Jesus beforo tho llttlo company In a most
solemn and Impressive manner. A feel
ing of sadniss possessed all hearts, nnd
tho Saviour at once offered consolation
(John xvl: C). In no part of His wholu
ministry did He utter more kindly words.
ANTIDOTE. Ho began by offering a
specific against every form of troublo
(verses 1 and 2), a compound of two ele
ments sulllclcnt to support any heart
under nil circumstances. The llrst of
theso wa3 faith, that firm reliance upon
love and power, but faith of two kinds.
As good Jowb, they had always believed
In God now they are asked to bellevo
also In Jesus, tho Son of God, tho Saviour
of the world, well nigh the last require
ment beforo Ills crucifixion, debtlncd to
be tho prlmo condition of pardon and
peaco afterward (Hem. v: 1). Tho sec
ond ground of soul icst and freedom
from trouble was hopo, an outlook be
yond tho present, an anticipation of fu
ture good. Jesus endeavored to awaken
this hope in tho hearts of Ilia disciple
by saying what Ho had never said to
them before, that there were many man
sions In His Father's house, a home for
nil who loved Him. Of this they might
be assured by tho fact that Ho had never
stated to tho contrary. This truth, brought
In at tho hour of separation, must have
been very full of comfort to men who
know that tholr Master would poem leuvo
them, but knew not what then might be
fall them.
PROMISE. But bono Is not to be kin
dled by tho mero statement of a fact.
AVhat If thero Is a home beyond, a man
sion for tho saints with many apart
ments suited to each, how shall theso
humblo fishermen find their way thither?
Tho thought may have struggled In their
mlndH unspoken until Jesus heard It and
answered, One purposo of His depar
ture from them was to prepare a placo
for them, to fit up and m.iko ready tho
eternal homo into which they will enter
beyond tho grave. Precisely what that
meant no ono knows no ono needs to
know. It Is enough that tho Lord of
Life, after adjusting the disturbed rela
tions of time, entered into tho realm of
spirits to tnako habitations for His own.
But what was especially cheering. He
will como again and recelvo His own,
that they may bo forever with Him
(verse 2). AVhen and how will Ho como?
No man can answer. There Is but sllsht
hint of tho manner (Acts I: 11), and less
suggestion of tho time (Matt, xxlv: M),
nnd we may therefore conclude that Ho
Intended to lcavo men In Ignorance on
those points. But the promise is nono
the less precious. It sustained tho apos
tles In alt their trials (I Tim. vl: 11), and
and bellovers nil uses have rested in It.
DinECTION.-Then followed a state-
fogs to the lighthouse, and thence to
land, summoning help In time. In such
a case the lighthouse was utterly help
less. AT THE SEA LEVEL.
As to the curvature of the earth,
Marconi found that if he used a verti
cal conductor on a mast of 114 feet the
messages could be sent without re
pnrd to tho curvaturo of the earth's
mirface. Iti was demonstrated by
Herts, Rlghl, Popoff and Lodge that
the transmission of these waves Is
more reudlly accomplished at sea level.
It Is for this reason that Marconi has
done most of his experimenting on the
const. Tho French and Germans, on
the other hand, havo attempted, In
tho first place, to make use of tho
waves as a means of fending messages
for the use of armies In the field. Last
autumn Marconi succeeded in sending
a number of dispatches between Os
borne on the Isle of AVIght, and tho
Prince of AVnles' yacht, which was
moving at a considerable dlstanco nt
sea. t
,Vfter he had succeeded In a great
number of experiments in England, ha
wanted to make a. severer test of Ills
apparatus, nnd asked permission of
the French government to establish a
station on the coast near Calais, for
the purpose of receiving and transmit-
lug messages across tho channel. His
request was denied until quite recent
ly, when he was allowed to put up a
station on the coast near Roulogne-
sur-Mer. He erected his station on
the English side of the channel on the
South Foreland, In tho county of Kent.
The distance between the two points Is
about thirty-two miles. The elevation
afTorded by tho cliff and tho mast was,
on the English side, about 400 feet.
The experiment proved successful, nnd
the London Times printed n dispatch
of 100 words that had been transmitted
through the air, without tho aid of
wJres. Marconi says that he could
have sent a message ten miles further,
or forty-two miles.
PREVENTS SEA COLLISIONS.
Andre Brocn, In a recent number of
the Revuo Sclentlflque, points out thnt
the greatest uso to which tho wireless
StrosigWords
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FREE TO WEAK MEN.
EritHirilcaiGt..Bufftli.N.Y.
April 21
Comfort 5 eg His
JOHN xiv, 1-14
ment concerning His departure, which
cfiuscd some surprlso (verse 4). Jesus de
clared that His disciples knew His des
tination and the way to it. Intending,
doubtless, to remind them of Ills en.
trance by tho cross Into the realms of
glory, both of which matters Ho had
mentioned to them (John vll: 83; Matt,
xvl: 21). Hut Thomas, the doubter
(John xx: 23), did not grasp Ills mean
ing, apparently attaching a literal sense
to the words, as If Jesus wcro proposing
a Journey of which ull present wcro Ig
norant (verse 6j. It Is not at all sur
prising that tho disciples should fall to
seo how by un Ignominious death their
Master would attain to that elevation
which would mako lllm Lord and Ba
vlour, worthy of their faith and scrvlco
(Eph. 1: 211. Jesus did not directly re
ply to Philip's remark time und future
events nluno would make plain, under tho
Illumination of tho Spirit, what was now
obscure. But Ho did call tho thought of
nil back to Himself, as the way, tho
truth, nnd tho lifo the way of approach
to the Father, tho truth or illustration of
that way, and tho giver of llfo to those
who seek It (verso 6).
DISCLOSTJ11E. This reply to Thomas
contained ono word, "futhcr," that at
traded tho nttentlon of Philip. That
name, as applied to tho Deity, had been
used only twice in Old Tcstnment Scrip
ture (Jcr. xxxl: Si, and then not In the
senso In which Jesus employed It (Mai.
1: fi. And yet It was the favorlto ap
pelatlon under the Gospel, not merely to
distinguish a rersi n In the Godhead
(Matt, xl: "). but to express the rota
tion which might to subsist between Qjd
nnd man (Matt, vl: 9), tho character of
Cod and tho feeling of His children (John
lv: 2). Thero may have been beforo
somo questioning concerning this new
word and some desire to know Its mean
ing. Hence Philip Indicated that 'f
Jesus would dlscloso tho Father, explain
tho use of tho term, the whole company
would be satisfied nnd would require no
further instruction on the matter beforo
them (vorso !). Then came a lesson which
was needed moro than any other who
ever had seen Jesus had seen tho Father
(verses 7 and 9). If tho disciples had
known tho ono Person whem they paw
they would know the Person whom they
had not peon (Col. : 13). Jesus Paid this,
surprised that it had not been remem
bered that Ho had previously said It
(John xll: 45).
UNITY. Had Jesus paused hero some
might have fallen Into error, nnd In ull
tho subsequent ccntutlc3 tho church
might havo quoted His words to sustain
what was very far from His thought. lie
did not Intend to say that thcro wero
two distinct and Independent Beings, tha
Father and tho Son, tho latter such nn
Imago of tho former that Ho necked only
to bo seen to convoy a correct "idea of
the other. On tho contrary Father and
Bon aro Indissoluble Joined to constitute
ono Being. That thought Is very forci
bly and clearly expressed (verse 10).
Jesus, tho Son, -Arts In tho Father, and
tho Father was hi Him (John x: S3). Tho
two wero present at one and tho same
time and in ono and tho same place, and
wero never separated (John xvll: 21).
This unity wi.h such that even In His
speeoh Jesus did not net alone, but. as
He had stated on another occasion (John
vll: Iti), the words were also those of tho
Father, dwelling In Him, s-peaklng with
Him. Hero is probably a bolder declar
ation of Christ's essential Deity than
was made by Him at any other time In
telegraphy can now be put Is to warn
vessels nt sea of the approach of other
ships. He says that with transmitting
and receiving Instruments on each ship
It will be almost Impossible for collis
ions to occur. Another uso to which
It Is already being applied Is the sim
ilar one In light houses. In times of
storm or atmospheric disturbance, or
the intervention of fogs or mists, when
the light oi tho most powerful reilec
tors will not pierce the thick uir, tho
electric waves will be used entirely
for purposes of signaling out to sea
to approaching ships. If these were
the sole uses to which wireless teleg
raphy could be put It would still ba
ono of tho greatest and most benefic
ent discoveries of all time.
It win also be largely used In fi'ld
operations In sending und receiving
dispatches and Information. As point
ed out, the French and Germans aro
now utilizing the waves for this pur
pose, and the Italians tiro using them
on their wnrenipss for similar purpose.
Tho waves can also be economically
used for sending messages between
points on land nt not too remote dis
tances, using the wires only for long
distances, say, beyond forty or fifty
miles.
Nikola Tesla, who experimented wttn
the Hertzian electric waves as early
us 1893, ha3 called attention to the fact
that the sending of messages over land
may bo made very uncertain, as tho
communications may bo Interrupted by
placing nn Induction coll near one of
the terminals. Marconi and the other
scientists of Europe do not seem to
fear this difficulty. Throughout Europe,
Indeed, there seems to bo but oie opin
ion of tho rosults obtained bv Mar
coni, and, before him, ny Hertz, Pop
off, Rlghl and others, and that Is that
a great advance In science has been
made, and a revolution In the practical
uso o.. electricity has been brought
about by a handful of students within
the last decade.
Mr. Tesla and Professor Oliver Jo
seph Lodge, of England, wero both
making a series of experiments along
lines that wero later followed by Slg
nor Marconi, and which had been fol
lowed earlier by Hertz, Rlghl and Pop
off, so that the so-called discovery or
Invention of Marconi Is no new thing.
The theory nnd tho law were at least
twenty-five years old when Marconi
and Right began their experiments.
Rut the men who do something prac
tical with scientific laws aro generally
credited by tho world with their dis
covery. It Is probable, therefore, that
Hertz's name will bo Immortalized by
the phrase "Hertizan waves," and that
Marconi will figure ns the Inventor of
tho system of wireless telegraphy. If
it comes to a question of the discov
ery of the theory and law. tho palm
wiii.m all ........ood, bo nwurded to
James Cleric-Maxwell, who saw In vis
Ion everything that Popoff, Hertz,
Rlghl and sarcoid havo accomplished,
Getting Even.
There are two well-known business men
of whom u very good story is told, says
an exchange.
Tho two had been having differences of
opinion for somo time, and ut In things
got so serious that one, who was u bank
er, riemjrded tha'i the other, a successful
merchant, withdraw his account from the
bank,
But this thu merchant refused to do, lie
eatd that It was a geed lu:.i(, nnd he
would stay.
There was nothing for tho other man to
do but accept the verdict, but ho resolved
to "get ahead" juvt the same, und whon
next the merchant presented a check
things wero ready for him.
It was for 000, und when ho stuck It
Disciples.
all His history, a declaration much need
ed nt that particular tlmo to strengthen
tho iiuth ana rcmovo mo learn ol ms
followers.
CHALLENGE-It Is evident that Jesus
deemed this doctrlno to bo one of tho ut
most Importance to His disciples. Not
content with Its mcro statement Ho
sought to test them and encourage them
to embrace tho doctrlno. He challcnced
their faith In It by threo methods. First,
they wore to accept It upon His declara
tion, resting upon that as final; second,
If that was not sufficient they might take
His works In proof (verse It), referring
to mnny miracles which He hod per
formed dumir His ministry, which had
carried conviction to Jewish officials
(John 111: 2), ns well as to the common
pcoplo (John Ix: 23); thirdly, whosoever
hhotiM belleva on Him us tho Son of God
should also obtain power to do wondrous
things (verso 12), and should, In fact, do
greater things than He. This assertion
had been previously made (Matt, xxl: 'i),
and It was ucttmlly verified In the history
of the apostles (Acts 111: C), And so the
word, tho deed, and the promise of Jesus,
all three, were combined to lead the dls
clplcs to accept the doctrine set forth.
PRAYER. One other sourco of comfort
was offered to tho troublrd disciples a
new method of prayer. Theso men had
always sought Divine help, and they had
been taught by Jesus a form that Indi
cated tho scope and spirit, and possibly
tho languago In which they might
make petitions. To all that had
been previously said on the subject of
prayer, Jesus now adds that it shall bo
most effective If made In His name.
Thcro had been up to that tlmn no such
supplication (John xvl: 21). This form
had been reserved for tho tlmo when
Jesus should bo absent, the propriety of
which must appear. But, what Is a. llttlo
surprising, Jc&us Himself agrees to an
swer such prayers (verse 13), making
Himself tho eround of tho request and
the surety of Its fulfillment. This again
ascribes to Him a Divine prcrosatlve,
bringing glory to the Father. Becoming
much bolder and moro emphatic Ho de
clared that Ho would do anything which
those disciples mlsht ask In Ills name
(verso It). This startling offer may not
havo been Intended for any others.
SUMMARY1. This wholo lesson may bo
taken as Christ's testimony to Himself
under flvo heads. 1. Ho was going awuy
into tho unseen to prej-aro mansions for
Ills pcoplo; Ho was Intending to return
to rcceivo them nnd conduct them home,
whero they might abldo with Him; Ho
was going by tho cross and coming In
glory. 2. Ho was the way to the Father
and tho Father's house, the truth con
cerning both, and tho life required to
gain favor and entrance. 3. llo was the
Image of tho Father revealing Him, unit
ed with Him, dwelling In Him, filled by
Him, speaking and acting with Him. A.
His word was worthy of confidence, yet
attested by deeds, and It contained prom
ise of power to those who believed. 5.
After His departure Ho will bo tho per
son In whose namo prayer may be of
fered with the certainty of receiving.
It Is this Jesus who offers Himself to
troubled souls. AA'hat more do they
need? Iij Him may every want bo sup
plied, ovcry longing satisfied, every trial
borne, every caro dispelled, every fear
dsarmed, every hopo fulfilled. Child of
sin and sorrow take tho name of Jesus
with you wherever you go (Matt, xl:
23-20).
In nt the paying teller's window the clerk
nodded, smiled and walked away, return
ing In a few moments with another, who
was rolling before him a small keg. They
had cashed the check In pennies.
For a moment the merchant was mad-
boiling mad.
Then a thought struck him, and In his
turn ho smiled. Leaning down, ho
scooped up two handfuls of tho coppers,
stuck them In his pockets and walked off,
remarking coolly: "Thank you you may
charge tho rest to my account." And for
that time at least tho Joke was on tho
other fellow.
How It Happened.
Sympathetic A'Isitor (to prisoner) "My
good man, what brought you here?"
FacctlousPrlsoner "Borrowing money."
"But they don't put people In prison for
borrowing money!"
"A'cs, I know, but I had to knock tho
man down three or four times beforo ho
would lend It to me." Pick-Mc-Up.
'ii',9
"Not (?
only
lpaUNftiaa Relieves.
IT ft
CURES." h
Rheumatism
Positively Eradicated by
CORONA RHEUMATISM CURE.
A Sure Cpecllic (or Rheumatism, Lumbago,
Scistict, Gout, and all Kheumatic At-
ttctlont. Givtt Instant Relit!.
Thli remedy ii based upon the latest discovery
if nodical selentlKta that Itbcumatism Is cauied
by a microbe in the blood, and unl by txcas ofurie or
ladle flricf. The Corona ltheiimatlaut Corn
destroys tho microbes, aud thus eradicates tha
causa of tho disease. It li;is never failed. In
t.itolrattblets,ronrcalfnttorarry. Xonaus
eatln:orpol!or.ousdnus. OnotabtetglTesrellef,
andu permanent careqtilcklT follows.
Trl.U Treatment, 23 Cents, pastpald.
O r 11 10 Darn' Treatment, 81.00. Q
i At your Prugglet'i, or irnt pci'patd upon jl
C rttilpt tf price bitolevtimufaeturert,
? C0R8NA COMPOUHOINQ Q0.,Cin4in, n.J. V
McMUNN'S
ELEXIil OF OPIUM
Is a preparation of the Drug by which Its
Injurious effects aro lemoved, while tha
valuable medlclral properties are re
tained. It possesses all tho t-edatlve,
anodyne and nntl-spasmodlo powers of
Opium, but produces no sickness of tho
stomach, no vomiting, no coatlveners, no
headache, In ncute nervous disorders It
Is an Invaluable remedy, and Is recom
mended by tho best phyMclnns.
SENT UY MAIL IS PLAIN WKAPPER,
ON RECEIPT OF 1'RICG, soc.
E. FERRETT,
372 Pearl St, New York.
SJVERITA
THE UP-TO.DATr
LITTLE LIVER PILL
UUKtS
Blliousnoss.
Constipation,
Dyspepsia,
Sick-Hoad -acho
and Livor
Complaint.
&U&AK COATED.
100 PILLS
25 CTS.
Sold by all drurclata
or Bent bv mall.
INenltaM'4-lcslCs., Calci.ro
8oll hy McQarrah & Thomas, Drus
fil3tu W Lackawanna avt, Bcruuton, l'a.
I &&Mfo
Vo'
f KtfQJMTSii
V '"ffiiTriiiiiM-'T'-''
QffiQ
KSM 1 1 1 4 Vl I rTaaaW
Tho Kind You Havo Alwnys
in uso for over SO years,
. nnd has
r-- sonnl
f-C&CCSWK, Allow
AH Counterfeits, Imitations and Substitutes aro but Ex
periments that trlflo -with nnd endanger tho health of
Infants nnd Children Expcrionco ngainst Experiment
What is CASTORIA
Cnstorla is a substitute for Castor OH, Paregoric, Drops
and Soothing Syrups. It Is Harmless nnd Pleasant. It
contains neither Opium, Morphlno nor otltcr Narcotic
eubstauco. Its ngo is its guarantee. It destroys Worms
and allays Fovcrisliness. It cures Dlarrhoun and "Wind ,
Colic. It rcliovcs Teething Troubles, cures Constipation
and Flatulency. It assimilates tho Food, regulates tho
Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy and natural rilecp.
Tho Children's Panacea Tho Mothor's Friend,
GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS
Boars tho
&kr-y '&&r
- r - -
The KM You Have Always Bought'
In Use For Over 30 Years.
THCCCNTAUH COMPANY TT MURRAY ITRCET, NtWVOHKCiTY.
READY REFERENCE GUIDE
OK
Scranfon
Representative Firms
ART MATHRIAI, FRAMING AND PHO
TO SUPPL1KS.
Tha Grlffln Art Studio, 209 Wyoming.
HANKS.
Scranton Savings Banl:, 12 WyomlnR.
Merchants' & Mechanics' Banl;, 420 Lack.
Third National Bank, 118 Wyotntnfr.
West Side Bank. 109 N. Main.
Lack. Trust & Safe Tpp. Co., 401 Lacka.
Traders' Nat. Bank, Wynm, & Spruce.
Dime. Dls. and Dcp., Wyom. &. Spruco
BOOTS ANI SIlOES-WHOI.nSALl.
Goldsmith Bros., 301 Lackawanna.
CONI'I'CIIONKKV AND ICK CREAM
WHOLESALE. Williams, J. D. & Bro., 312 Lackawanna.
ntUITS-WHOLESALE.
Wegman Fruit Co., 11 Lackawanna.
GROCERS-WHOLESALE.
Kelly, T. J. & Co., II Lackawanna.
HARDWARE AND MINT. SUPPLIES.
Hunt & Conncll Co., 4SI Lackawinna.
1ILA1ING AND PLUMMNQ.
Howley, P. V. & M. T.. 231 Wyoming.
HARNESS AND TRUNKS.
Fritz, O. W., 410 Lackawanna.
BUILDERS' HARDWARE, STOVES. ETC.
Lackawanna Hardware Co., 221 Lacka.
BEDDING, SPRINGS, ETC
Tho Scranton Bedding Co., 600 Lacka.
HARDWARE, STOVES, ETC.
Leonard, Thos. R, Lackawanna avc.
HAND INSTRUMENTS AND PIANO.-
Finn & Phillips, 13S Wyoming.
11 KNITUHE AND CARPETS.
Protheroo & Co., 134 Washington.
, LUMI1ER AND PLANING MILL.
Anslcy, Joseph & Son, S01 Scranton.
DIAMONDS, WATCHES AND JEWEI.RV
Mercereau & Connell, 307 Lackawanna.
Mr.AT AND VEGETABLES.
Carr, T. K. & Son, 213 Washington.
GRANITE MONUMENTAL WORKS.
Owens Bros., 218 Adams.
LOAN AND nUII.DING ASSOCIATIONS.
Security DMe & Sav'ss Union, Mears Bids
CRACKERS, CAKES, ETC.
Nat. Biscuit Co. (Scra'n Branch), 20 Lack.
CARRIAGES. AND HARNESS.
Slmrell, V. A., C15 Linden.
PAPER AND BUTCHER SUPPLIES.
Uthman Paper Co., 223 Spruco.
lJUTTER. EGGS AND CHEESE.
Stevens, V. D. & Co., 22 Lackawanna.
FLOUR. FEED, HAY AND GRAIN.
Tho Weston Mill Co., Lackawanna ave.
MACARONI AND VERMICELLI.
Casseso Bros., S9 Luckawnnna uvo.
JEWELERS AND OPTICIANS-WHOLE
SALE.
Levy, N. II. & Bro., Traders Bldg.
BUTTER, EGGS. FLOUR. HAY, ETC
Knsterln & Co., 131 Franklin.
Babcock, II. V., & Co., 110 Franklin.
JEWELERS AND WATCH MATERIAL.
Phillips, Geo. & Co., Coal Exchange.
WINES AND LIQUOR.
Casey Bros., 216 Lackawanna.
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
Northwestern Mutual Life, Mears Bldg.
LAW AND COLLECTION.
Okell & Dunn. Coal Exchange.
Yocum, Geo. C, Connell Bldg.
HICYCLF.S AND PHOTO SUPPLIES.
Florey & Brooks, 211 Washington.
OVERALLS, UNDERWEAR, ETC.
Harris, S 322 Penn ave.
LUIIRICATING OILS AND GREASES.
Matonoy Oil Mfg. Co., Ill Meridian.
OIL, PAINT AND VARNISH.
Moloney Oil Mfg. Co., 141 Meridian.
STATIONERS AND ENGRAVERS.
Prendergost & Gelpel, 207 Washington.
FUNERAL DIRECTORS.
Tagtie. P. W., 113 S. Main.; Ilo&ldence 1121
Jackson.
Price, William, 133 S. Main.
DRY GOODS. SHOES AND GROCERIES
McCann, P. J., 441 N. Main.
WHEN IN
STRONG
AGAIN!
vigor to the whole being. All drains
Ar? V a .V aV
mm
are property turcu, men conamon riicn worries mem in 10 insanity, i consumption nr ueam.
Mailed sealed, Price ti pertwi; e botes, with iron-clad legal guarantee ticure or refund tha
money. Ii.oo. Scad for fren book. Address. PEAL MEDICINE CO.. Cleveland. 0.
For Bale by JOHN II. lIIULlS,
und Spruce street.
Bought, and which has been
has homo tho Blgnuturo ol
been nindo under his pcr-
Hupcrvlsion sinco its infancy.
no ono fo ilonnlvn vou in tills.
Signaturo of
&4
NEW YORK HOTELS.
The St. Denis
Dreadway nnd Eleventh St., New York.
Opp. drace Church. European Pisa.
Rooms $1.00 Day and Upwards.
la a tnodoit and unobtrusive way thars aro
fow batter condaoUd hotels la th nstropolU
than tha St, Denis.
Tho great popularity It baa acrjalred oan
readily be traced to ita cBinua location. It
tiomclikn ntmuspuere. the peculiar ezcallano
ol Us cuislue and servlca, aud lu jetr xaoitr.
ate prices.
WILLIAM TAYLOR AND SON.
nSTIiSIEK HOTEL,
Cor. Sixteenth St. aud Irving Place,
NEW YORK.
AMERICAN PLAN, $3.50 Per
Day and Upwards.
EUROPEAN PLAN, S1.50 Per
Day nnd Upwards.
I. D. CRAWFORD,
Proprietor.
x:-xx:-:x::':::':'::x::o
; For Business Fvlen
J' Iu tho heal t of the wholesale district.
jj For Shoppers
tuimitrs wnlU ti Wnnnmakers: 8
mlmitei to Slritel Cooper's His Store.
Easy of uccess to the great Dry Goods
MtOlCS.
For Sightseers.
nr diock lrom U'way Cor, giving easy
.iii-portatiuu to ull points of lutereit.
Uiiiiil fillwm
i
ivwi mmi
3
IMEW YORK,
.' rriK. llth ST. & rSIVFRsITY PLACE V
f only one Illocu lrom lliojmvay. x
I1 R00ra3. S13 UP. RESTAURANT ':'
:-:-::":X"::'XxxwX":x-:'X:'
K3ADE ME A MA5V3
AjAXTABLrTsrosmvKLY cnnis
ALE .rrLoui itspntemVmUlnsz Im
vl Lv AtjuKif op other 1 . in-sea ana ladli
taSen'in t.oi. Tbttlrnvt t,ijow$ iiLintUUto IrarroTe-
Jortfii
Bern ana eneci.t n i;ujiu vrnero an owitr xui in
list upon bftTine th cnumo Ajax TablMi, Tktj
litre cured ttiout-andti and will cur j ju. VI o riTe a pos
itive written runrftQUj to (.tract a euro Cft PTQ in
racUcMOO? ret und tht mouy. l'rlc AJU B wipsr
pwckcci or six pk-ui .full treatment for CMS, fit
mall, m rteln wr.ti.r-Ar. upon rucMrtot prirt.LHrcuUr
' AJAX REMEDY CO., h'l
Tor p.ila In Scrantcn, Pa., by Matthews
Bros, und II. C. Sandcrrcn, druggists.
MAKE PERFECT MEN
iiOMrr iiRSPAiui Pom-tsur.
ferlA-ntjtri in Jjvc tndamtriiii)iur
if cart be rMton-d to jivj, Th vary
wonicMof Nervou Itrtiijityar
atiiolutel? turr.i by KCtFKCTO
TA 11 L.f1'N. Ulve prompt relief to In.
ion-nit, ratline mamory and the at
and drain cf Vital powert. Inclined b
t nd Ucretlon or aicutM tort ai ir jyni.
Inrart vtxor anJpotencT totar funo
tln. Braca vpth ijttra, Olra 09k. bloom to U
rhrekaaa luetro to th ? ofv gVaunjorold.
Onf4 boiranvwi vital energy tzJJJ boko l
M.4aeBwpl8tifuiiantdrurev-H17r none re-
fuisrftw. J'a.n ha rarrlrl lit vxtt tuV natkt. Hold
vervwhr.or mailed ID ulalo wrarptr on rclU2
rarper on rclU
fflra bj THtt ILKIMTT tV CaiU- DUf., Ckldj,
Sold in Scranton, Pa.t by Matthews
Bros, and McCarrah & Thomas, drusslata.
ChtthMttr'a EazUth Dlamend Broad.
p.a
J
Oriel ml and Onlr Cranlne.
arc at way railabla, taoita ait ,
lra;r1)t for Chkhutr$ nplu t A
itfkmJJranJlo Hed aid Gold wulili
H1N. 14 ICM Wit 4 till riMlOll Tat Is '
Ino other. JtrAiita-tanarrciti italtnru.
'ftARi an J imtttitt If. Draft-lit (! .
la .: tot jartleatatt tMitfe.aal.vti ai4
"UMier rot Jtn.dloA.'Mni'i-fbr, ar r-Mara
1U1L l(.t0OTtlmBli1i. jToot ,.
tlntrt Larlalt'...Ws.afUnaaU-
iilib all LotM UusEliit. l,UILADA.fiC
ra
vn&iv
TA tebk K
N-rn
) eVT5l iTlieae ijny C'npa vIciT ar yl
IRJlreftt lu -IS lioura wtibout;IIM I I
(V,y nconvi'iiletire,nnpcilnIMnY II
Bfflln.Mrh.ropalbn 'U.VmUiVl
aocbs unit Inlrcilnna fa.lt -X I
DOUDT, TRY Tlieyhavettaedtheteitofy'irs.
anu nave cuieu iiioukaaai oi
cases o( Nervous Diseases, such
as Webihty, Dullness, Sleepless
ness and V ancocelc. Atrophy, f;c
They clear the brain, strengthen
the circulation, make digcstlors
firrfort. anrl imnart a healthv
and losses are checked trmamHly, Unless patients
Pharmacist, cor Wyoming avenue