THE SCRANTON TmBUNti-lLUDAl MAY 20. 181)8.
5
ARE WE JUSTIFIED
IN FIGHTING SPAIN?
The Answer Given by Canada's Leading
Journal 3s That We Are.
From tlio Toronto lllobe.
It Is well enough to tnlk nbout neu
trality, and undoubtedly Canada must
as a country bo scrupulous during the
present phase of tlio Spunlsh-Amrrlcitn
struggle to discharge her International
duties with wen-handed Justice to both
belligerents. Hut hearts are not bound
by neutrality proclamations, nnd our
sympathies must espouse one cause or
the other. It Is an Ignoble rait to
Rtand untouched beside a Httuggla of
thla sort, waged by near neighbors, ex
periencing no emotion beyond curiosi
ty, manifesting no interest beyond cold
or gibing criticism. If the United SUi'tes
are guilty of uncalled for uggrcsslon
let us say so, let us avow our wish to
see Spain win, let us npnlaud Spain's
victories aad deplore her losses. It we
believe the UnliTTl States to be In the
right let us say so, and eh lw on.
Impartiality does not mrin an attitude
of perpetual straddling of the fence, of
never supporting any man or any cause
unreservedly, of never tal!iii? up an
attitude of derided condemnation of a
wrong. Itather does It mean u fair
minded balancing of circumstances and
arguments, of fnaklng.5 one's mind
that on the whole one side or the other
is right, and of then giving to that
Bide a support worth having. There Is
a great struggle in progress to the
south of us. On which side, Cana
dians? The cause of the trouble is Cuba.
Let us for a moment look at her case.
Cuba Is an island perhaps a little
larger than the older settcd portion of
Ontario. Its population, about 1,700,000,
Is rather smaller, and vastly poorer.
How Is It governed? Senor du Hose
dropped some remarks about Its hav
ing a constitution ns liberal as that of
Canada. It has been owned by Spain
since the early days of the sixteenth
century, and for a considerable por
tion of the present century the people
have been in a. condition of revolt. For
ten or eleven years up to 1895 the sys
tem of government was administration
by a governor general, appointed by
the Spanish government. This gover
nor general was assisted by a council
of administration, which was (a) ap
pointed by the Spanish crown, and (b)
unable to do more than offer advice.
"Tho governor general has supreme
power In the island, and the council
Is only consulted on a few unimport
ant matters," says the Statesman's
Year Book for 1898. There were six
provincial councils, which were admin
istered by Spaniards, not native
Cubans. The colony sent to the Span
ish cortea sixteen senators and thirty
members of congress. The senators
were partially elective, partially nomi
nated by certain corporations, such as
tho University of Havana. The depu
ties were elected. To have a vote a
man had to pay 125 pesetas a year In
taxes, i. e., about $24 a year. A little
reflection will show how high such a
franchise Is. As a matter of fact, the
average Cuban paid about one-seventh
of this sum In taxes. In 1S93, troubles
In tho island led to tho passage of a
reform bill through the Spanish cor
tes, which provided for a species of
home rule, Cuba was not to have a
centralized parliament, but the exist
ing bIx provincial councils were to be
given largely Increased legislative pow
ers in regard to commerce, communi
cations, public works, Immigration and
the like. The Central Executive coun
cil was to bo retained, but to be con
trolled by another body having power
to dissolve It, composed of the high
est dignitaries of the colony, 1. e.,
Spaniards.
This did not satisfy the Cuban de
mands, and ten days after Its passage
the rebellion broke out. In December,
1S37, when General Weyler bad failed
and the government was in a desper
ate plight, a scheme of autonomy was
proclaimed. This introduced a sweep
ing change, giving universal suffrage
and purporting to grant to Cuba as
full commercial and legislative Inde
pendence nB that enjoyed by Canada.
Hut It contained at least one fatal re
servation. The Cuban senate was to
be composed of thirty-five members,
seventeen appointed by the crown,
eighteen elected. The appointing pow
er vested not In the Cuban premier nnd
cabinet but In the governor-general,
the representative of Spain, Then tho
governor-general retained the com
mand of tho forces, and certain Imper
ial taxes had to be paid, the Cuban
parliament being granted the right to
distribute the taxation to raise these
sums as it choose. Very far this from
the self-government granted to Can
ada. In nny case this proposal was
mudo at the moment when the balanco
in a singularly brutal and exasperating
war was beginning to incline on the
side of the Insurgents, It was wrung
at sword's point from a reluctant and
angry donor.
So much for the system of a I minis
tration. How did thl govurnment of
Spaniards manage the affairs of the
people of Cuba? In the first : lice,
how would the people of Ontnrlo like
to havo a debt of J1S0.00J.000 and to be
paying J9.000.000 a year in intivnt
charges alone? We nre accustomed to
pity Quebeo with her debt or rather
over one-tenth of that of Cuba: and
the Cubans have had no voice in tho
piling up of this debt. Again how
would the people of Ontario like to
have to raise a revenue of about $21,-
When the children arc
hungry, what do you give
them ? Food.
When thirsty? Water.
Now use the same good
common sense, and what
would you give them when
they are too thin? The best
fat-forming food, of course.
Somehow you think of
Scott's Emulsion at once.
For a quarter of a century
it has been making thin
children, plump; weak child
ren, strong; sick children,
healthy.
joe. ind ti.oo, ill dnif glsti,
' COTT & BOWNE, ChmltU, Ntw Yer&
000.000 a year for provincial purposes?
One or two sample budgets may be of
Intercut. In 1890-1 tho estimated rev
enue was just under J23.700.000, the
estimated expenditure a little short of
that. In 1892-3 the revenue was not
quite 21,956,000 pesos the peso being
equal to about 93 cents. Of this Mtin
10,550,000 pesos came from tho custoira,
the Imports being worth 50,000,000
pesos, of which 18,500,000 pesos worth
camo from Spain nnd were nearly all
duty free; direct and Indirect taxes
realized over 5,900,000 pesos, or ntoul
three and a quarter dollars per head.
A state lottery brought In 3,500.000 pesos,
stamps (another lorm of Indirect tax
ation) 1,030,000 pesos, and government
property 250,000 pesos. In 1S93--1 tlw -ev-enue
was estimated at 24,440,000 pitaos
and the expenditure nt a tew thou
sands short of 26,000.000 pesos. The
E'ims raised by this monstrous 1 nrden
of taxatlaon vrn apportioned In IsO.'t-l
as follows: Debt, over 12,300,000 pesos;
military 5,000,000 pesos; Interior, 4,000,
000 pesos; marine, 1,000,000 pesos. In
the year previous the general debt ab
sorbed 10,300.000 pesos, the army 6,300,
000 pesos, the marine 1,000,000 pesos,
justice and worship, 715,000 pesos, finan
cial purposes 50S.O0O pesos, nnd the con
struction and maintenance of public
wori-s the magnificent sum of 469,000
pesos. How would the people of On
tario like budgets like that, supplied
by taxes raised from them, expended
by men Imported from another coun
try? The Item of military purposes de
serves attention. The island wns re
quired to support in peace time an
nrmy of 20,000 men, backed by a mil
itia of 63,000. Then, in addition, there
was the further burden of municipal
taxation, $10,000,000 or $11,000,000 a year,
more than Is raised in wealthy Ontario.
All this great public revenue was han
dled by Spaniards. Native-born Cu
bans were not allowed nccess to posts
of emolument. All accounts unite In
describing the administration by these
Spanish ofllcials as corrupt in the ex
treme. Then, this taxation was levied
upon a country whoso commercial In
terests were not In a nourishing condi
tion. The decline In the price of sugar
hit Cuba very hard. The Spanish gov
ernment, without consulting the Cu
bans, refused to renew the reciprocity
treaty with the United States and thus
added to the depression by helping to
close to Cuba a natural market of
great Importance. Then Spain Im
posed In her own ports high duties
upon sugar, alcohol, coffee, cacao and
tobacco, while nearly all Spanish goods
entered the island free. The Cubans
assert that no less a sum than $350,
000.000 was taken from the island be
tween 1879 and 1893 for tho benefit of
Spain. Would Ontario havo rebelled
under similar circumstances?
Look for a moment at the American
side of the question. Our own emplro
may go to war at any moment upon a
trade question. Tho exports of tho
United States to Cuba in 1892 were be
tween $15,000,000 and $16,000,000, nnd in
ISUfi it had sunk to $7,500,000, while there
is the additional fact that under a ra
tional system of government tho Island
would furnish an enormous market for
American goods. Further, American
trade interests have suffered enormous
ly by the struggle. A year or two ago
it was computed that United States
citizens had lost $50,000,000 worth of
property through the insurrection, and
claims aggregating $20,000,000 had al
ready been llled. The United States
have been blamed for encouraging the
strife. As a matter of fact the Ameri
can government spent one or two mil
lion dollars' in trying to stop expedi
tion:, nnd any fair-minded man who
remembers the peculiarly intricate
character of the south Atlantic coast
line of the United States, who knows
that for three centuries that coast lino
was because of its intricacy the happy
hunting ground of the buccaneer and
the privateer, and who bears in mind
the peculiarly mixed population which
inhabits the seaports of the United
States will admit that it was impossi
ble for any central executive to fore
stall all the expeditions which slipped
out of the bayou, lagoon or channel
towards Cuba. Finally, there were the
horrors of the war; It is needless to re
cite once more the dreary IlFt of atro
cious deeds. A civilized nation Is Jus
tilled In Insisting that there shall be
no nuisance maintained in its Immedi-
aie neighborhood; was not Cuba a
nuisance to the United Stntes when the
nfarket which it afforded was being de
stroyed, when the property of Ameri
can citizens was being laid waste, when
the American government wns contin
ually being put to annoyance nnd expense-
on account of that warfare, and
when the people of tli United States
were scandalized by horrors kept up
with frightful deliberation from one
month to another?
Now, we may admit a great deal
about the manner in which the United
States began tho struggle. It is true
that jingo politicians and thejlngopress
have shown wicked levity in dealing
with so appalling a subject as war. It
Is true that the American people went
Into the struggle with too light a heart.
11 1 irue mat tne contractor, tho pro
fessional politician, tho worse type of
newspaper, tho placeman, welcomed the
war for odiously selfish reasons. It Is
true that revenge for the loss of tho
Maine is one motive which has hur
ried the American people on. Hut let
us pause a moment here. Can we,
without censorlousness, blame tho
American people for their cry for ven
geance? They honestly believe that
the Maine was destroyed by a Spanish
mine, by some Spaniard's black treach
ery. Human nature is human nature;
if two hundred and fifty Hrltlsh sail
ors had been treacherously slain In a
friendly harbor, would not Hrltaln
have cried for vengeance? And what
befell the Indian mutineers who butch
ered English women and children? Let
us rid ourselves of cant. Hovenge may
not be an ideal emotion, but it is in
tensely human, and it well becomes us
to leave to other hands the casting of
the first stone. The question for us
to answer Is, could nil these bad In
fluences Just enumerated, backed by
a spirit of revenge, havo been power
ful enough to drive a whole nation, of
extremely diversified Interests. Into a
Btruggle which Is enormously incon
venient, and which Is admittedly going
to set back that wave of prosperity so
long and so wistfully anticipated? Our
answer Is no. 'Some great emotion
must Influence the American nation at
bottom: on It the base, tlio selfish nnd
the petty work, but they are but the
Inevitable parasites which attend every
great movement.
Crudely expressed, marred by much
bad taste, concealed by, much wild talk
and youthful bumptiousness, exploited
by a thousand scltlsh schemers, a gen
uine and generous emotion Is stirring
the American national mind tho re
pulsion at the mlsgovernment nnd
crime tliat Is going on In Cuba, tho de
termination that It must stop. On tho
one side Is the embodiment of wicked
selfishness nnd corruption in the treat
ment of subject countries, snarling de
ilanco over Its solo remaining victim;
on tho other nn Kngllsh-speaklng na
tion, possessing, it may be, some ob
jectionable peculiarities, but thrilled
with a generous impulse nnd bent upon
lessening tho sum of human misery.
On which side, Canadians?
IIAIIiltOADS IN Hi'AIN.
Total .Ullonjo Equal to One of Onr
Western Compnulci.
From the Now York Sun,
There IS not much celebration of any
thing In Spain this year, but If there
was, she might celebrate tho semi-centennial
anniversary of the opening of
the first railroad in that kingdom. In
ISIS tho Harcelona railroad, so called,
extending eighteen miles from Harce
lona to Mntaro, was opened to traffic.
Mataro Is a small town on the Medi
terranean northeast of Harcelona, and
these eighteen miles of road consti
tuted ut that time Spain's only con
tribution to the railroad mileage of
the world, the neighboring country,
France, having at the same period a
railroad mileage of 1,500 and Great
Hrltaln 3,000. Since then there has been
a slowly Intermittent Increase of what
Is sometimes grandiosely called "The
Kallroad System" xif Spain, two ob
stacles to the development of which
have been the unbusinesslike methods
of the Inhabitants and enormous en
gineering diltlculties. 'Spain has been
wholly denuded of forests nt the head
waters of livers, and as a consequence
there are frequent overllows, carrying
with them railroad bridges, trestles,
and embankments to the constant
peril and nnnoyance of passengers.
There are now in Spain 7,530 miles of
railroad, less than oae-thlrd of the
number in Great Hrltaln, France, or
llussia, and less than one-fourth of
the number in Italy. The relative In
significance of tho Spanish railroad
"system" appears best in comparison
with American railroads, a single line,
the Chicago, Hurllngton and Quiney,
having an aggregate mileage of 7,400,
owned, operated, or controlled, or near
ly ns much as all tho railroads of Spain
combined. Spanish railroads are pro
verbially slow, the rate of "express"
trains being twenty-five miles an hour
and of way passenger trains from
twelve to fifteen. They seldom run on
scheduled time, and It Is the testimony
of all travelers that they never make
connections. The amount of baggage
allowed each first-class passenger on
a Spanish railroad Is sixty-six pounds,
but the railroads nre 'not responsible
for Its loss, nor are their oillclals re
sponsible for -Its identification. The
charges on Spanish railroads are re
markably high, being at the rate of 5
cents a mile on first-class trains und
3 cents a mile on second-class trains,
about double tho American average.
Tho railroad lines of Spain were built
partly by private capital, partly from
the proceeds of governmental subsidies.
These subsidies have amounted in over
$200,000,000 (1,000,000,000 pesetas) Al
though the railroads o Spain nre di
rectly under Hie control of the- govern
ment, and although about one-third of
their construction was paid by the gov
ernment, they arc owned by private
companies, and nbout three-fifths of
the stock of tho Spanish railroads Is
owned In France. French investors
have gradually absorbed the securities,
which, sold at a depreciation, pay a
high rate of Interest. French and Eng
lish engineers supervised generally the
construction of Spanish railroads, but
the "stations," or terminal facilities of
the companies are the products of do
mestic industry, as any observant but
forbearing traveller will admit.
The railroads of the United Stntes
carry in a year about 600,000,000 passen
gers, and they transport about 800,000,
000 tons of f 1 eight. There are 33 per
cent, more tons of freight carried than
there are individual passengers. The
Spanish railroads, despite the inferior
facilities which they offer to travellers,
depend more upon passenger than upon
frlght tralllc, carrying In a year a
much larger number of passengers than
they do tons of freight. In 1897 the
Spanish railroads carried 27,000,000 pas
sengers, but they carried only 12,000,000
tons of freight.
The dllllcultlos of -passenger traffic on
Spanish railroads are enhanced In some
particulars which are rather amusing
than serious. Passengers are expected
to arrive at the station at least half an
hour before the train leaves In order
that sufficient allowance may be made
for tho dlliatory proceedings of the
railway oillclals. During part of each
day (and in some cities the larger part
of each day) the railway stations nre
closed nnd the ticket oflices do not open
until an hour before tho time scheduled
for tho departure of the train, closing
n quarter of an hour before It Is due
Tho hapless tourist, in complla: je
with Spanish railroad custom, must
havo his ticket lwforo he it permitted to
enter the waiting mom, and ns this
ticket must be bought fifteen minutes,
at least, before the train starts and as
tho train may lie anywhere from an
hour to three hours late, his opportun
ities for reasonable complaint aro nu
merous and are not diminished by the
knowledge of the fact that he Is pay
ing more for his ticket, according to the
distance travelled, than is the rule on
Anieiicnn or English railways.
One peculiarity of railroad travel in
Spain Is to be found In the fact that
employes of tho railroad company aro
entitled as a matter of right, to tho
best seats, even regardless of tho tick
ets sold passengers. In what Is some
time called "cheap" railroad travel In
Spain many of tho passengers ride on
tho roofs of tho cars, but whether it Is
to enable them to see the equntry to
better advantage or to enjoy greater
comfort and better ventilation is not
known. In some Spanish railroad sta
tions, notwithstanding the mengreness
of their accommodations, an admission
fee lh charged, similar to a theatre. It
being tho theory of some of the Span
ish railroad officials that the eagerness
of some persons to find solace on the
wooden benches of railway stations is
an Item of available revenue not to bo
disregarded.
On Itlvnl Ntreola.
"We. had four organ grinders over on
our street yesterday, an' you didn't havo
none," said tho boy with irazzlcd trous
ers. "That's all right." retorted tho boy with
tho rimless hat, "wo had a mad dog, an'
you didn't." Chicago Tribune.
Hoinucn Coufutrd.
"Doctors say a man Is weakest when
ho gets out of bed In tho morning."
"That's not bo; tf he wasn't n strong
as a llott he wouldn't bo able to crawl
out." Detroit Free Press,
SENSIBLE PLAN OF
CURRENCY REFORM
Burden of Gold Redemption li Put on
(tie Danks.
THUS TltD aOVUIlNMKNT WILL
1T.OTECT ITS TKI3AHU11Y AND
MAK?.; TUB BNK8 THEMSELVES
HESI'ONSIJJLE FOR. THE MAIN
TENANC'E OF THE- GOLD STAND
AI'.D. Below Is 11 synopsis of the currency
reform bill reported to thu house on
Muy 14 from the banking nnd currency
committee. The bill "for strengthen
ing the public credit, for tho relief of
the United States treasury, nnd for
the amendment of the laws relating tit
national banking associations," is
framed to accomplish these results,
without the Issue of Interest-bearing
bonds and without cost to the treas
ury of the United Stntes. Tho protec
tion of the treasury from demands for
gold nnd from the necessity for Issu
ing bonds is accomplished by Imposing
upon the national banks the current
redemption of the government notes.
The nmendment of the national bank
ing laws is intended to afford a test,
In a conservative nnd limited manner,
of the system of basing note issues
upon the commercial business of the
country, with the ultimate purpose of
affording a sufficient supply of cur
rency In every part of the country nt
all seasons of tho year, extending credit
accommodations, and thereby reducing
the rate of Interest to borrowers.
WOR.K OF TREASURY DIVIDED.
The bill divides tho operations of tho
treasury. The Ilscal operations of col
lecting revenues and disbursing them
ior government, expenditures are left
as at present, but a new division is
created, to be known as tho division
of issue nnd redemption. This divis
ion Is to be under the chnrgo of throe
comptrollers of tho currency, who take
the place of the present comptroller.
All matters relatlnc to the Issue, re
demption, and exchange of currency,
whether coin, government notes, or
bank notes, are entrusted to the divis
ion of Issue and redemption. The sec
retary of the treasury Is authorized
to transfer to it all funds In excess
of a cash balance of $30,000,000 and all
gold and silver coin and bullion now
held in the treasury for tho purpose
of redeeming United States notes,
treasury notes, nnd certificates. The
secretary of the treasury Is also au
thorized to transfer to this division
from time to time such surplus reve
nues as the treasury may contain, and
to Issue short-term treasury certifi
cates, If necessary, for the sole pur
pose of replenishing the reserve.
The division of Issue nnd redemp
tion is required to redeem United
States notes and treasury notes In gold,
to exchange gold coin for silver dollars
and sliver dollars for gold coin or other
lawful money; to redeem silver certifi
cates in silver dollars, and to make
other ordinary exchanges of currency.
United States notes redeemed in gold
nre from time to time to be cancelled.
The division must maintain a gold re
serve of 23 per cent, of the outstand
ing United States notes and treasury
notes and 5 per cent, of the silver dol
lars which have been coined.
EXCHANGE OF GREENBACKS.
The present outstanding issues of
United States notes known as "green
backs" will cease to be a burden upon
the treasury for redemption In gold, so
far as they are exchanged by national
banks for national reserve notes. Na
tional reserve notes are a new form of
currency provided by the bill In place,
of the existing greenbacks. They are
legal tender nnd are Intended for cir
culation us currency or for use in tho
reserves of the banks In exactly the
same manner as the existing green
backs. National reserve notes nre to
be Issued to any national bank to
any amount not exceeding Its paid-up
capital, upon its surrender to the treas
ury of an equal amount of green
backs. The United States notes thus
received are cancelled and destroyed.
The banks taking reserve notes are
required to contribute to the current
redemption fund In the treasury five
per cent, of the amount of their reserve
notes In gold coin and to replenish this
reserve whenever it is reduced by the
redemption f the reserve notes.
The money in circulation Is not re
duced by any of the preceding provi
sions. National reserve notes tnke the
plrce of greenbacks, for which they
nre exchanged, and gold coin takes
the place of greenbacks which are di
rectly redeemed.
Existing national batiks are required
to take reserve notes, to the amount
of 23 per cent, of their capital, but two
privileges are offered the banks In com
pensation for their assumption of the
current redemption of tho notes. One
of these is tho privilege of issuing
currency notes upon general assets.
Tho second privilege is partial remis
sion of the tax of one-fourth of one
per cent, per year levied by the bill
upon the capital, surplus and undivid
ed profits of each bank. The remis
sion thus .allowed is at the rnte of one-
liuir of one per cent, per year of the
a;nount of reserve notes Issued to the
bank.
National reserve notes may be recall
ed from the banks to which they have
been Issued by the secretary of the
treasury in equitable proportions and
distributed to new national banks,
which are required to pay .for them In
gold coin after the United States notes
ceaso to be available. Tho withdrawal
of reserve notes does not reduce tho
limit of currency based upon commer
cial assets.
BANK-NOTE CURRENCY.
National banks having charters un
der tho old law may continue to Is
sue currency as at present, based upon
United States bonds. Tho minimum
amount of United States bonds requir
ed upon the passage of the bill Is the
same ni under existing lnv ?s nor
cent, of the capital, but not exceeding
$30,000 but banks may Issue notes upon
all their bond deposits to the par value
of the bonds instead of 90 per cent., as
at present.
Beginning four years after the pass
age of the act nny bank may with
draw the bonds deposited to securo
circulation at tho rate of 23 per cent,
of the required deposits per year, and
may withdraw those in excess of the
minimum requirement at any time.
The privilege of Issuing currency
based upon commercial assets, with
out the doposlt of United States bonds,
Is granted to national banks to the
amount of 40 per cent, of their paid-up
capital, but only upon condition that
notes secured by bonds and national
reserve notes aro taken In equal
amounts. Thus, a bank organized
under this bill having a capital of $100,
000, is required to have on deposit In
tho treasury $25,000 of United Stntes
bonds against which It may issue $25,
000 In currency notes. It may also
issue $25,000 additional In such notes
based upon commercial assets, nnd
may Increase such Issues If It In
creases also Its bond deposits mid Its
holdings of reserve notes In eqtinl pro
portions. This process may bo con
tinued tin to tho point where the
amount of notes secured by bonds, tho
amount of notes not thus secured, nnd
tho amount of national reserve notes
aro each equal to 40 per cent, of the
paid-up capital, making nn nggregato
of $80,000 In bank notes and $40,000 In
reserve notes. When circulation not
secuied by bonds Is Issued In excess of
SO per cent, of the capltnl, exclusive
of Issues of reserve notes, the excess
is liable to a tnx of one-half of one
per cent, monthly. All paper money
except silver certificates shall bo In
denominations of $10 and higher. Sil
ver certificates Issued by the treas
ury shall bo In denominations of $1
$2 nnd $5 only.
REDEMPTION OF NOTES.
The burden of the current redemp
tion of paper currency rests upon the
banks. They are required to redeem
their reserve notes over their own
counters, nnd to maintain In the treas
ury a five per cent, gold fund for cur
rent redemption of tho notes In gold.
The reserve notes nre guaranteed by
tho government to be ultimately re
deemd In gold from Its own resources
upon failure or liquidation of the bank
to which they may have been Issued.
Tho current redemption of currency
notes not secured by United States
bonds mny be provided for by clearing-house
districts under regulations
prescribed by the comptrollers of tho
currency.
The currency notes nre redeemed, in
ense of failure of the Issuing bank to
redeem them, from a gold guaranty
fund In the custody of the secretary
of the treasury, known as the bank
note guaranty fund, which Is made up
by each bank which takes out circu
lation upon Its commercial assets con
tributing In gold C per cent, of its as
set circulation. Upon the failure of a
bank. Its notes shall be Immediately
redeemed from this fund and the fund
reimbursed from the assets of the
failed bank. Bank notes form a first
lien upon the assets and have behind
them nlso the Individual liability of
the stockholders for assessment up to
the amount of their stock. Should
these sources fall to fully reimburse
tho fund, tho treasury may make an
assessment upon the national banks
Issuing asset circulation to reimburse
It, but these assessments shall not In
nny one year exceed 1 per cent, of the
asset circulation.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
Existing national banks may con
tinue to do business under their pres
ent charters upon ucceptnnce of the
new law, but must comply with the
requirement for tuklng out W per cent,
of their capital in reserve notes.
Branch banks may bo established in
the discretion of the secretary of the
treasury. Stringent regulation are pro
vided for the examination and con
duct of national banks. The reserve
requirements in relation to banks are
the same as under the present law,
except that 50 per cent, of these 1
s-cives must be paid in gold. Banks
nre required to pay a tax of one-quarter
of one per cent, per year upon their
capital, surplus, and undivided profits.
The existing tax of one per cent, per
year upon circulation is repealed.
ADVICE TO nr.CRUIT8.
An Old Army Officor's Recommend
ation Ilagiirding Dlcipline.
retired army officer, resident of
Washington, who hns seen many years
of active service, gives through the
Post the following advice to recruits.
In spite of all that has been said bv
uninformed and unnillltary persons, the
fact remains that the nearer the meth
ods of the regular army aro adopted
by troops of all classes tho better will
be the results obtained. "Martlnetlsm"
to coin a word is obsolete. The sam
results are now attained by the adop
tion of mild hut firm measures as wete
formerly reached by tho use of severe
ones which would now not be .suitable
or necessary in their application to t he
men now In ranKS. The enlisted man
of tips day is of a superior class, and
speaking generally avoids and escapes
the guardhouse because he Is more self
respecting and hrs a higher moral
sense than the average old-fashioned
soldier.
The value of the professional soldier
Is due to the fact allowing, of course,
for the usual Inevitable exception that
he Is a perfectly disciplined and drilled
man, is a good marksman, is obedient,
and knows how to take care of himself
in the field. The first three consldcra
tlons or desiderata are looked after by
his superiors, the last depends upon
himself.
Tho value of the American volunteer
soldier has never been questioned. The
late war and that with Mexico have
proved that with the superior qualities
possessed by him patriotism, intelli
gence, enthusiasm he makes an excel
lent soldier when he has obtained the
necessary seasoning and experience In
the Held. Hut It should be a truism to
state that the most efficient regiments,
other things being equal, were those
that were the best disciplined. Tho
celebrated Fifth New York Infantry
(Xouaves), Gen. Warren's old regiment,
wus a marked Illustration of this. This
magnificent organization belonged to
Sykes' division, which was composed of
two brigades of regulars and one of
volunteers, nnd It had many of the best
points of both arms of the service.
Recognizing, therefore, the extreme
value of discipline, the first thought
of the recruit bo he regular or volun
teershould be: What shall my line of
conduct be In order to become a per
fectly disciplined man?
Answer First, to give an Instant
and willing obedlenco to the comnmnds
of my superiors; second, to perform nil
my military duties with scrupulous
exactness; third, to comply with nil
camp regulations nnd those relating to
sanitary measures; fourth, never to
permit myself to Indulge In criticism
of my military superiors. Finally,
there nre some considerations that,
though tho unprofessional may regard
them as scarcely pertinent, are yet Im
portant, as having a direct Influence
upon discipline:
Tho recruit should "keep his mouth
clean" and Indulgo neither In profane
nor vulgar language. Let him bo as
clean in his person ns circumstances
will permit of, and never leave camp
without being neatly dressed in the
prescribed uniform. Remember, that
a clean, shabby Is better and more
soldierly than a dirty new one. A
dirty soldier Is nn abomination, nnd
there tiro few circumstances, Indeed,
under which personal untidiness be
comes unavoidable for moro than n
brief period. It Is not expected, of
course, that the soldier can be Imma
culate under all circumstances. Hut
S!IHIIIIIIIIIIHHIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllilllllllHHIIKIHHlll)HlllllllllliimiI
ml
I Friday Special
amter'
I Prettier styles, larger assortments and 1
thoroughly dependable qualities at Lower I
Prices Than Ever for Friday. 1
i X
T A iT V
s
t .
yi?Tiryo
megs
( K
p J A 1
IT F'
1 Leading Clothiers, Hatters and Furnishers,
liBllllEIIIilliEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlBillinCilllIIIIllSIIIBlllHIirUIHIIIEimUimillllllllll"
the burden of this short sermon Is:
lie an clean as you tan.
Indulge In no "horse-play" out of
season. Fkylarkliif;, sliming, etc., are
all right at suitable times. In fact,
they are to be encouraged. A cheerful
soldier is generally a good one. Hut
do not "whoop and holler" at unsea
sonable times and hours. It Isn't sol
dierly. It Is well to keep In mind the
Importunco of preserving at all times
the bearing of tlio soldier, and not get
Into slouching ways and positions "off
duty." This will simplify matters
much, nnd after awhile a soldierly at
titude will become second nature to the
recruit.
Much has been written on the care
of the person In the iield, but I should
like to add a little from my own ex
perience. As a rule, the careful mili
tary comamnder marches his column
about like this: When In motion at
the rate of about three miles an hour,
and ut a uniform step and cadence.
The first hour he marches fifty min
utes and rests ten, for eacli succeed
ing hour he marches fifty-live and
rests live minutes.
On the march th o poldler should
avoid drinking water or any other
fluid. If overpowered by thirst he
may hold a small quuntlty in his
mouth and, perhaps, swallow Just
enough to moisten the throat. After
arriving In camp water should never
be swnllowed at a gulp, but taken In
sips. In this way, moreover, a small
er quantity of fluid will satisfy tho
thirst. All drinking water should be
filtered or boiled, If practicable; If not,
substitute weak tea or coffee. Fill
your canteen over night for use in
camp the next day.
Unless there is a "nooning," when n
very smnll "snack" may bo indulged
in, avoid food also on the march. One
teason for this Is that It Is a provoca
tive of thirst. He careful of your diet.
It Is almost suicidal to eat unwhole
some things while exposed to tlte vi
cissitudes of a soldier's life In tho
Held. Eat only sutllelent to nourish
the body, nnd under ordinary circum
stances never to repletion. Old sol
diers nre notoriously small eaters.
The soldU'r should carry with him
that which is absolutely necessary.
Taking it for granted that knapsacks
(which are a relic of barbarism), would
nut be Issued. I should, If I were a
soldier In ranks, havo a few pockets
put in my blanket for tho accomnio
datlon of a few necessary articles, hair
and tooth brush, comb, toilet soap, a
small piece of common brown soap,
towel, a "housewife," etc., etc.
Hoots should, of course, never be
worn bv Infantrymen nor by cavalry
In hot climates.
If the feet become sore from march
ing they should be washed In cold
water upon arriving In camp, and the
socks turned inside out (before replac
ing them on the feet), and rubbed with
common, brown soap. I havo found this
very heullnij. ISxceptlnu on grand
in
hildrem
Oepf
i
&
Boys' Blouse Waists, 1
with embroidered front and large s.
collar, always sold for 75c g
and !.oo. Special for AQ. H
Friday nrOC 5
Boys' Short Pants, for 1
ages 4 to 12 years, strongly made', '
regular 50c kind. Special Oc-,3
for Fridav jDL
Boys' Shirt Waists,
in pretty combinations of color ;
the makes include the well-known
"Star" shirt waist. Special ycn k
for Friday &JK 5
, m
Boys' Overall, made with 1
bib and strong straps, just the thing I
to save the' boys' clothes, in ages 4 gf
to 1 ij years. Special for o -3. 5
Friday ZfOi
Boys' HatS, soft Alpine or 1
Fedora, all the new shades, includ- i
ing Brown, Black and Drab. Qr S
Special for Friday TrOL s
Boys' Junior Suits, aii 1
wool and trimmed with the best
mohair braid, a regular S
for?FUay...SP!.$1.48
i
Boys' Vestee Suits, ,n
new and pretty patterns, trimmed S
and made the same as! you see H
elsewhere at $3.00. fc c o
Special for Friday.. P 1 VO
Boys' Long Pants Suits, f0r
ages 14 to 18 years, in neat check I
patterns, durable materials and
& .." $3,981
M
No Wise Mother Should Miss This. I
guard or othnr exposed situations, tho
sulditr should never sleep with hla
shoes on.
A rubber blanket not a poncho Is a
necessity, not so much, perhaps, to
shelter the soldier from rain (though
this, of course, Is importnnt), us to pro
tect him at night from the dampness of
the ground. It Is not practical when
largo bodies of troops are camped to
gether for the men to make temporary
"bunks" for themselves In older to be
raised off the ground. Tho next best
thing Is to collect. If possible, dead (or
perfect dry) grass, and, having spread
It for a bed, to place the rubber blank'
et over It.
A stomach band will be found nn ex
cellent protection against stomach and
bowel troubles. Leaves or grass worn
In the crown of the hat and wet front
time to time will bo found a good pro
tection against tho sun's rays.
The recruit should avoid, as far nn
possible, getting his feet wet, and!
should change his wot for dry shoes at
the earliest practicable moment, Ths
same obtains as to wet clothing. 'Wear)
woolen underclothing. Pay tho utmost
attention to all sanitary rules, for rex
member that disease kills moro than
bullets. He respectful and obedient to
your non-commissioned officers. Your
friend Hill Jones Is tin longer to you
Hill Jones, but Sergeant or Corporal
William Joneu, of the blank company,
nucli and such a regiment,. United;
States Army.
An Hauler .Vnmber.
"Have you gotten things In "pretty fair
shape for our Hiister number,?" Inuult'ed
the proprietor of the periodical.
"Vcs," replied tho rditcr.
'You have that story of a horrible and
mysterious crime In ahapo?"
"Yes."
And ih" nrticlo about 'J-lfo nolilnd tho
Scenes?' " ,
"Of course." ' '
"Ami a good collection of poker sto
ries?" r
"Yes."
"And fomo comic- pictures?''
"An ubiimlnnco of tlieiil,"
"And a poem about thl) summer girl?"
"Certainly."
"All right. If you havi any vacant
space run in a paragraph' or twQ about
Kinder and send It to press." Washing
ton Star.
Ono on tlio Employe.
Tho barkeeper had been employed so
long In tho place thu he wus on lernis of
tho greatest familiarity witli lil em
ployer. Ho was so Intimate, In fact, that
ho had b?gun to protest ugnlut tho uso
of a cash teglster uu a reflection on hla
Integrity. 8evtr.il times ho carried It
back 'into tho store room and left It then,
till his emploer replaced It behind tho
bar. Finally ho declared hlinrHt.
"If you don't leave that thing back 1-t
th store room I'll break It," said he.
"All right," replied his employer. .Vou
might as well. You'vo broken me al
ready." Sau Francisco i'oat.