"tr
THE SCRAOTON TRIBUNE-FRIDAY, MAY G. 1898.
WELL DEFINED LAWS
GOVERNTHIS WAR
Minute Instructions Are Issued by the
War Dcpartmonl.
MUST FIQIIT ON A IIIQII PLANB
Wnrnt Ilot Is OruniiioU Snvnucry
lint tho United States InUuiU to
Wniro It In iin Decent n Mnniier ns
Possible '
"from tho Now York Herald.
A war Is not 11 lawless thing. The
United States has Its Instructions for
the government of armies In the Held,
and Just what actions are lawrnl and
what are unlawful are very clearly de
fined. These Instructions wote pre
pared liy the late Dr. Francis Liober at
the request of the War department,
and wen- Issued to the army In 18R3.
They are still In fori e. and constitute
the standard as to the rules of war on
land.
The Instructions begin with a defini
tion of martini law, which takes the
place of criminal and civil law In times
of hostility. We leatn thnt wnr Is not
carried on by arms alone. It Is lawful
to starve the hostile bolllgotont, armed
and unarmed, so that It leads to the
speedier subjection of the enemy. AVhen
the commander of a besieged place ex
pels teh non-combatants In order to
lessen the number of those who con
sume his stock of provisions. It Is law
ful, though an extreme measure, to
drive them back, so as to hasten a sur
render. Comma ndeis. whenever admissible,
Inform the enemy of their Intention to
bombard a place, so that he non-combatants,
especially the women and
ihlldicu. may be removed before the
bombardment commences. Hut It Is
no Infraction of the common law of
wnr to omit thus to inform the enemy.
Surprise may be a necessity. In mod
ern wars protection of the Inoffensive
citizen of the hostile country is the
rule; privation and disturbance of pri
vate relations are the exception.
AS TO RKTALIATIO.W
On the subject of retaliation, instruc
tions are set forth as follows: Peace
Is the normal condition of nations: wai
ts tho exception. The ultimate object
if all modern wnr Is n lenewed statu
of peace. The more vigorously wars are
pursued the better It is for humanity.
Sharp wars aie brief.
liver since the formation and co-existence
of modern nations, and ever
since wars have become groat national
wars, war has come to bo acknow
ledged, not to be Its own end, but
means to obtain great ends of state or
to consist In defence against wrong,
and no conventional rrstiictliyt of tho
modes adopted to injure the enemy Is
any longer admitted; but tho law of
war Imposes many limitations and re
strictions on principles of Justice, faith
and honor.
The law of war can no more wholly
dispense with retaliation than can
the law of nations, of which it is a
branch. Yet civilized nations ac
knowledge retaliation as the sternest
feature of war. A reckless enemy
often leaves to his opponent no other
means of securing himself against the
repetition of barbarous outrage. Re
taliation will therefore never be re
sorted to as a measure of mere re
venge, but only as a means of protec
tive retribution, and, moreover, cau
tiously and unavoidably. That Is to
say, retaliation shall only bo resorted
to after careful inquiry into the real
occurrence and the character of the
misdeeds that may command retribu
tion. T'njust or inconsiderate retaliation
removes the belligerents further and
further from the mitigating rules of a
regular war and by rapid steps leads
them nearer to the internecine wars
of savages.
rnOPEUTY AND PKRSON.
In this connection, under tho rules
of law, a victorious army appropriates
all public money, seizes all public
movable property, until further direc
tion by its government, and seques
ters for its own benefit or that of its
Bovernment all the revenues of real
property belonging to the hostile na
tion or government. As a general
rule, however, the property belonging
to churches or hospitals, educational
or charitable institutions shall not be
considered public property.
The United States acknowledge and
protect in hostile countries occupied
by them religion and morality, strict
ly private property, tho persons of the
inhabitants, especially those of wo
men, and tho sacredness of domestic
relations. Offenses to the contrary
Rhall be rigorously punished. Private
property, unless forfeited by crimes
or by the offenses of tho owner, can
be seized only by way of military ne
cessity, for the support or other bene
fit of the army of the United States.
All wanton violence committed
against persons in tho Invaded coun
try, all destruction of property, unless
authorized by the commanding officer;
all robbery, all pillage or sacklng.oven
after taking a place by main force,
all rape, wounding, maiming or kill
It g of such inhabitants are prohibited
under the penalty of death, or such
ether severe punishment as may seem
adequate for the gravity of the offense.
A soldier, officer or private. In the
net of committing such violence, and
disobeying a superior ordering him to
abstain from It, may be lawfully killed
on the spot by such superior.
PRISONERS OK WAR.
Deserters from the United States
army, having entered the son lie of
the enemy, suffer death if they fall
again Into the hands of the United
Sly baby suffered from terrible Eczema.
Doctor and every rcmoily tried, to no account.
He cried all the time and Ills face was like
raw meat. I bad to carry him on a pillow,
and was fairly ilisrournReil. I uied half a
box ot Cuticuiu (ointment) and Clticuha.
fkAr, and in ona week vnj laly trai tntlrtly
cured. To-day his skin is as smooth as silk,
Uri.J.O.FaBESK,3MH,IiUtUrooklyn,N.Y.
grinDT Cm Tiutui.t ro Diix-Tostcsid
VAlirt. Wftrmbtthi rUhC.i'Tlci-14 MoAr.tndgcnUt
opiating, with CuiKP4, grtiu.i of $Hn curt.
Sold hronib'wUh world. I'ottik Dura Ami Cniw.
Cut. )'(oo., JlMtoa, Uew Is Cut lubj'i cieuit, tec.
Teiribl
ECZEMA
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A
11KA The Philippines cover 114,320 square miles, ull but 2,000 square
number of the Islands Is about 1,200. They are ull small with the
exception of Luzon. Luzon, or Lucon, as It la called In Spanish, has
an urea of 40,024 square miles, has a imputation -of more than C.OOO.OOO
and Ih the source of the largest revenue from these Islands. Min
danao is the second largest Island In the group, and has an urea of
!!2,0j0 square miles,
POPULATION The population Is about 7,"0,000. This Includes the
Spanish army and navy. The native Inhabitants are of the Malay
race, and there are a few tribes of Negritos. One-seventh of the
people have never been conquered by Spain. The native Malays,
or Tugadnys. have been crossed with the Spanish, and a large part
of the people are half-breeds. These, like the Cubans, hate the
Spanish, and have worked with the natives to throw off the Spanish
yoke.
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CITIES Manila Is the capital of the Islands and of Luzon. It Is the
largest city and has a population of 151.0B2. Other important towns
lire Laoag. K0.CI2; LI pa, 13,408; Bannng, S.Vi'JS. and Ratangns, S.V.S".
RKVI-INI'FS The revenues to Spain from the Islands, as well as
population, have been always given out falsely by tho government.
The estimated revenue for 1895 was $10,Sy9,000, nnd the expendltur.s
were $13,280,130. Thero Is nn export duty on tobacco, and every
article Is heavily taxed on being imported. The duty on muslin und
petroleum Is 100 per cent, of tho coat.
PllODUCTS The Islands produce hemp, sugar, coffee, copra, tobacco
leaf, cigars and Indigo. Ciold mining is nn Industry of Luzon.
There Is coal In Cebu and an output of fi.nOO tons per month.
.. , y, -fr -. N. r -I- i f
States. A prisoner of war Is a public
enemy armed or attached to the hostile
army for active aid. cither lighting or
wounded, on the field or In the hos
pital, by Individual surrender or ca
pitulation. Citizens who accompany
nn army, such as sutlers, reporters
or contractors. If captured, may be
made prisoners of war, and be de
tained ns such.
The enemy's chaplains, surgeons,
apothecaries, f hospital nurses and ser
vants, if they fall into the hands of
the American army, are not prisoners
of war. unless the commander has
reason to retain them. A prisoner of
wnr Is subject to no punishment for
being n public enemy, nor Is any re
venge wreaked upon him by the In
tentional infliction of any suffering or
disgrace by cruel Imprisonment, want
of food, mutilation, death or any other
barbarity.
Prisoners of war are subject to con
finement or Imprisonment such ns
may be deemed necessary on account
of safety. They may bo required to
work for the benefit of the captor's
rovernnient. according to their rank
and condition. Those who attempt es
cape may be killed In flight. In case
of a conspiracy for the purpose of a
general escape the conspirators may bo
rigorously punished, even with death.
Outposts, sentinels or pickets are not
to be tired upon, except to drive them
in or when a positive order, specified or
general, has been Issued to that effect.
The use of poison in any manner is
wholly excluded from modern warfare,
and he who uses It places himself out
of the pale of the law and usages of
wnr.
Whoever Intentionally inflicts addi
tional wounds on nn enemy already
disabled or kills such an enemy, or who
orders nn encourages soldiers to do
so. shall suffer death, if duly convicted,
whether he belongs to the army of the
United States or is an enemy captured
after having committed his misdeed.
SP1KS ANI FLAOS OF Tltl'CE.
Scouts or single soldiers, If disguised
In the dress? of the country or In the
uniform of the army hostile to their
own, employed in obtaining Informa
tion, If found within or lurking about
the lines of the captor, are treated as
spies, and suffer death. Armed prow
lers, by whatever names they may be
cnlled, or persons of the enemy's ter
ritory who steal within the lines of the
hostile army for the purpose of robbing
killing or of destroying bridges, roads,
canals or telegraph wires are not en
titled to the privileges of the prisoner
of war.
A spy Is defined as a person wiio se
cretly, In disguise or under false pre
tences, seeks Information with the In
tention ot communicating It to the en
emy. The spy Is punishable with
death by hanging by the neck, whether
or not he succeeds In obtaining the
Information or In conveying it to the
enemy. If a citizen of the United
States obtains information In a legiti
mate manner, and betrays it to tho
enemy, be he a military or civil officer
or a private citizen, he shall suffer
death. The law of war, like the criminal
law regarding other offences, makes no
difference on account of the difference
of sexes concerning the spy or the
traitor.
Tho bearer of a flag of truce cannot
Insist upon being admitted. He mu
always he admitted with great caution.
I'nnecessary frequency Is to be cure,
fully avoided. If the bearer of a flog
of truco offer himself during an en
gagement, he can be admitted as a
very rare exception. It Is no breach of
good faith to retain such a ling of truce,
if admitted during an engagement.
Firing Is not required to cense on the
appearance of a Hug of true In battle.
If the benrer of n flag of truce, pre
senting himself during an engagement,
is killed or wounded, It furnishes no
ground of complaint whatevet. If It be
discovered, and fairly proved, that a
flag of truce has been abifed for Mir
roptlUously obtaining military knowl
edge the bearer of the Hag is deemed a
spy
It Is customary to designate by cer.
tain flags, usually yellow, the hospitals
In places which are shelled, so that the
brsleglng army may avoid flcint; on
them. It Is Just considered an act of
bad faith to declve the enemy by 'lags
of protection. Such nets of bad faith
may be a good cause for refus-lng to ro
sped such flags.
NAVAL WAHFAIIU.
In the matter of naval wnrfar the
laws of war are not to clearly defined.
This is natural, inasmuch as the possl
ble loss to personal property Is not fco
grent. and at sea only those directly
implicated are to be considered. There
ure not non-combatants in naval war
fnio. The main Issue is that of privateer
Ing. By the declaration of Paris, the
signatory Powers declared prlvnteotiny
alMJllshed. This declaration has been
ut ceded to by all maritime Powers ex-t-upt
the United States, Spain nnd Mex
ico. So In case of a brush with tho
Spaniards, privateering will probably
be recognized by both itoverninnt.
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FACTS ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES.
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f. t 1 f 1 T- i 1 r rT!
The United States have taken n some
what varying position toward priva
teering. After the Revolutionary AVar
treaties were made providing for its
abolition. During tho War of 1S12 ptl
vateerlng was extensively practiced,
but during the Mexican War It was not
indulged In by either side. In ISIS,
when it was proposed to the United
States to accede to the Declaration of
Paris, the government declined unless
private property nt sea was exempted
from capture.
In 180:5. during the cni war. a law
was passed by congress providing for
the Issuing of letters of marque and
reprisal by the president, but the law
was never put into execution. The
United States still maintains the right
to Issue letters of marque and reprisal
to the fullest exent, and It Is only a
question of policy which would prevent
its exercle in any war which might
come along.
pijiv vrjjErtixt; rxpensivk.
The conditions of modern naval war.
fnio have lessened the desliabilltv of
privateering from the t-tnmlpolul both
of the privateer and-thc .national gov
ernment The prizes worth capturing
now would be steamers, and for till'
reason privateers would ttercKSJ.iily be
steamers also. The cost of steamers,
of their mniutenniHc and the dillleulty
of olitnlnlug coal abroad would render
privateerlnr very uncertain and ex
pensive, especially us the remunerative
prizes would be the large, fast and
probably partially armed meiehaut
.stunners without convoy. The dillleul
ty of capturing these ami getting them
into port after capture would render
privateering a very doubtful financial
venture, especially as without proper
adjudication and Mile, which could only
be done In a home poit, the prlvaUer
would have no recompense.
Non-commissioned vessels have a
right to resist when summoned to
surrender to public ships or privateers
of the enemy. The cr-ws which make
such resistance have belligerent privi
leges, and It Is n natural consequence
of the legitimateness of their acts
that If they succeed In capturing their
assailants tho capture is a good one
for the purpose of changing tho owner
ship of the property taken und of
mnklng the enemy prisoners of war.
NEUTRALS ANI CONTRABAND.
This government has not yet otll
clally prescribed a list of articles
which It will treat as contraband of
war. Each government Is competent
to prescribe its own list for the guid
ance of Its own authorities. Such list
Is conclusive upon the government
making it and upon nil neutral na
tions, in the absence of any disregard
of treaty engagement and of Interna
tional law. Any grave disregard of
such a treaty obligation viould per
haps provoke the Interposition of any
neutral state affected. Until such list
Is prescribed, tho question whether ar
ticles captured are contraband of war
will be governed generally by tho law
of nations, and specifically by the
treaty stipulations between the bel
ligerent captor and the neutral state
to whose subject the articles belong.
International law gives no hard nnd
fast rule for the determination of the
question whether articles aro contra
band, except tho general rule that nil
articles destined for nn enemy's
use are contraband. Many articles,
such ns provisions, coal, etc., are of
mi equlvocul character, and If des
tined for the enemy's use, are deemed
contraband. It follows that If such
lists should bo prepared by the United
States and Spain, they may bo Identi
cal or may be widely divergent, de
pending on the policy of each govern
ment. Tho action of each govern
ment will bind only Itself, and Its own
prize courts and neutrals. The ques
tion whether contraband or not might,
therefore, depend on whether the
enptor was American or Spanish. And
shippers In neutral vessels would not
only consider the character of the
goods shipped, but whether destined
for American or Spanish ports, and
whether the goods are Included In the
list denounced as contraband by the
one or the other state.
,V (JIILSTIO.V OP Sl'i:i,l,INC.
They weie looking through their book
With pictures of the 7,m;
Ilath too young to read the text.
Hut each tho pictures knew.
Will was three, and Ray was five
And live years old Is old!
When his wiser brother spoke,
Will did as he wus told!
"Look! I've found tho efuluntl"
"Don't say efalunt," said Ray.
Said their mother: "You should tell
Little brother what to say."
"Don't say efalunt that's wrong;
It In efallnt!" wild Ray,
"Kfallnt!" wild little. Will,
In his confiding way.
-Edith M. Thomus, In Bt. Nlcholu's,
44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
IMPORTS In lSUG the Imports were
$22,000,000.
SHIPPING The commerce Is quite largo ordinarily. In IS'.. 304 ves
sels dented the principal ports. There are 720 miles of telegraph In
the IslnndH nnd seventy miles of railway.
aOVHltNMENT Tho colonial Government Is administered by a gov
ernor general nnd a captain general. There are forty-three pro- .
vlnces ruled by governors, alcaldes, or commandants, according to
their Importance und position. ,
HISTORY The Philippines have been sbject to Spuln since lfioo. but
It was not until 1829 that Spanish rulo was finally acknowledged.
To this day the Negrito tribes In Mindanao have no communication
with the Spanish.
TAXATION The Spanish have been outrageously severe and the na
tives have been oppressed by fearful cruelties which Spain alone
knows how to Inflict. The Income tnx has been collected from
persons who have no Incomes, und the poll tnx Is enormous and
cruel.
JtKIlHLLION The Insurrection caino two years ago, and since then
the cruelties, butcheries and torture which the people have suffered
have been indescribable. Blanco slaughtered the poor ieople right
nnd left, but even this monster was not savage enough, and Spuln
recalled him to send the fiend Polavlejn to the Islands. The horror's
of Spanish rule In the Philippines are Inconceivable to civilized
minds. Still, tho Insurrectionists have been fairly successful, and
in the few tights that have taken place the Spanish have suffered
considerably. Chicago Tlmes-I lerald.
1 i -r t t 1 f i- f (j ? r
HOW HAVAM WAS
CAPTURED IN 1T62
From the New York Sun.
If we ure to have it war with Spain,
and un invasion of Cuba by United
States fortes. It will not be the first
time thnt this country has furnished
troops for the capture of Havana. In
17C", soon nfter the declaration of war
between England and Spain, the Brit
ish government dispatched an expedi
tion against Havana. The land forces
were commanded by Lord Albermnrle
(William Anne Keppel). the victor of
Culli'den, nnd the fleet by Admiral Sir
George Pocock, who had recently re
turned from a brilliant campaign In
the East Indies. The expedition, as or
ganized, was to consist of 16.0(10 men,
of which Lord Albermatie carried with
him 1,000 British regulars. Eight thou
sand wem to be furnished from the
British forces then In the West Indies
under (Jeneral Monekton, and 4,000 from
the continent of North America, of
those 2,000 were to be British regulars
and 2.O0U provincial troops.
o
The fleet left Splthead March fi, and
upon Its arrival was reinforced by file
fleet there under Rodney's command,
nnd soon after, on Its way to Cuba, by
Captain Hervcy'ii squadron. Monck
ton's troops Joined Albermaiie at Mar
tinique and the land forces wore aug
mented to 11, HM. The Kngllsh lleet ar
rived off Havana on June . Here' Po
cock divided his fleet. With the larger
division he sailed down the coast past
Havana. On the next day he manned
his boats nnd made propaiatlons appar
ently for landing at a point about four
miles west of Havana. But this, was a
mere feint to distract the attention of
the Spanish while the actual landing
was made by the oti r division under
Commodore Augustus Keppel, a brother
of Lord Albermaiie, about six miles
east of Havana. Here the army was
landed in three divisions, commanded
respectively by Lieutenant Oeneral El
liott. Major General Keppel, another
brother of Lord Albermaiie, and Brig
adier General William Howe, after
ward the 'Lord Howe" of our Revolu
tion. With this force was also Colonel
Guy Carleton. who, as Sir Guy Carle
ton, surrendered New York city to Gen
eral Washington In 17.S.1. On this occa
sion he distinguished himself by his
gallantly in repelling a charge made by
tin- Spanish cavalry upon the landing
forces.
o
Commodore Keppel gives this account
of the landing: "At an appointed slg-
nel the Hat-bottomed boats containing
the troops repaired to their respective
rendezvous under the sterns of tho lino
of battleships, whoso Captains con
ducted them to the shore. While the
embarkation was going on the enemy
made a show of resistance from a
breastwork which they had thrown up.
Upon this Commodore Keppel directed
the Mercury and Bonnetta to pour their
fire Into them, and they were soon put
to flight. A more considerable body of
men making their appearance, he or
dered ('apt. Hervey to run in and bat
ter a fort situated at the mouth of the
Bocca Nao, which in the course of an
hour he completely silenced, nnd the
army landed without further molesta
tion." He thus describes the defences
of Havana at that time: "Tho harbor
of Havana, which is spacious enough
to contain a hundred sail of the line,
is defended by two strong forts. The
principal of these, tho Morro, built upon
a narrow point of land. Is Inaccessible
from the sea. To the east it Is fortified
by several works and by a deep ditch,
half of which Is cut out of tho solid
rock. On the opposite entrance of the
harbor stands Fort de la Punta; fur
ther in and on u level with the water
is a strong battery mounting twelve
guns, called 'Tho Twelve Apostles,'
and higher up a work opposite the
Point Gate called 'The Shepherds' Bat
tery.' Above these are the Cavnnnos, a
chain of hills which range from the
Morro to the plains of Uunamacou. A
chain of bastions and other works de
fend the town to tho west."
. o
The lauding having been successfully
accomplished, one division of the iirtny,
under Major-Gen. Keppel. marched to
the west to Invest the Morro Castle und
the fortifications on that side of the
harbor. Gen. Howe's division wus as
signed to the Investment of tho Castle
del Punta. while Gen. Elliott, with tho
centre division, cut off communications
with the Interior of tho Island. The
British commanders at once com
menced the erection of batteries nt tho
most advantageous points on tho line
of Investment. This wns accomplished
under great difficulties. The troops
were unaccustomed to the heat of a
Cuban summer, the water was scurce
and very bad, thero was great want of
fresh provisions, and the urmy soon
began to show signs of epidemic dis
ease. At one time there were 0,000 sol
diers nnd :i,000 seamen on tho sick list.
Fortunately, Albemarle had brought
with liliii from Martinique about 1.600
negroes, and these performed thegreater
part of the work of throwing up breuat-
t
nboiit $12,000,000, and uxportsmbout
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works and erecting batteries. In spite
of all obstacles It was pushed on as
rapidly as possible, and on Juno 30 the
batteries bearlntr on the Morro were
completed, and tho next morning a
tieinondoiifi ennnonndo wnB opened
upon the Spanish fort.
o
Admiral Pcvock, anxious to co-operate
with the land force, dl e'ti Com
modore Keppel to send n part of bis
fleet to bombard the .Morn on ih" sea
side, hoiiing thus to divide the atten
tion of the enemy nnd prevent the con
centration of his tire upon the bat
teries. It was a dangerous undertak
ing. Keppel says: "The ships pro
ceeded to their stations. Captain
Campbell, in the Sterling' Castle, wns
ordered to lead, but his courage failed
him. The three other ships, the Dra
gon. Marlborough and Cambridge,
anchored close n with the shore and
laid their broadsides against the fort.
For six hours they kept up an unlntcr
mitting lire. Early In the engagement
Captain Goos-etry, of the Cambridge,
was killed." Captain Heivey, In an
nouncing to Keppel Captain Goosetry's
death, wrote: "I am unluckily
aground, but my guns bear. I cannot
perceive their fire to slacken.
I have many men hors de combat now
and officers wounded; my masts and
rigging much cut, and only one aneh- j
or. I shnll stay here as long as I can,
nnd wait your orders." As It was evi- i
dent that the fire of these ships had
little effect on the Morro, while its fire
was playing havoc with them, Com
modore Keppel ordered their with- ,
drawal. They were in bad condition
and had to be retired for repairs.
o
On July ft the English batteries
again opened on the Morro. and the !
next week showed encouraging results.
On the 16th the English tire had In
creased, while the Morro could only
reply with two guns. The British com
manders now determined that It was
time to prepare for an assault upon
tho works. The Morro was defended
by a ditch SO feet deep and 10 feet
wide, cut through the solid rock, ex
cept In one place, where a narrow
ledge had been left across the ditch
to shut out the water from the sea.
Along this ledge only one man could
pass at a time, but on July IS the Hng
llsh sappers and miners made a dasli
across It nnd. effected n lodgment in
the wall of the fortress. The defense
of the Morro had been committed to
Don Luis Velaseo. a gallant naval
captain, who proved himself worthy of
the trust. Appreciating the necessity
of driving the British miners from
their position, Velaseo sallied out with
1,500 men, in three divisions, hut was
promptly Inet and repulsed with heavy
loss. In this affair tho battalion of
Royal Americans, who had Just ar
rived, distinguished itself greatly.
Under the Immediate command of
General Keppel, who led it In person,
it defeated one of the Spanish col
umns, driving them Into tho river,
where 150 Spaniards were drowned.
o
In the subsequent operations of the
siege, the American provincials, 2.S00
strong, consisting or the First Connec
ticut Regiment, a New York battalion
and one from New Jersey, and two or
three companies from Rhode Island, till
under command of Gen. Phineas Ly
man, did good service. Lyman wus Col
onel of the Connecticut troop, but be
ing the senior provincial officer, he took
command of the brigade, nnd his Lieutenant-Colonel,
Israel Putnam, the
"Old Put' 'of our Revolution, com
manded the regiment. Putnam with
half of his regiment had been ship
wrecked In a storm off the coast of
Cuba, about thirty miles from Havana.
He managed to land his men on un Is
land, and they were afterward taken
off und Joined the main body nt the
siege. The arrival of the Americans
was a great relief to the British urmy,
as they came In good health, while the
English forces were In large part pros
trated by the heat of the tllmato and
endemic dlscuse.
o
The Spaniards having failed In their
sally, the work of sapping went on
without interruption, and on July 30, n
sufficient breach was made In the walls
of tho fortress. Throueh this, on the
afternoon of that day, a storming
party, headed by Lieut. Forbes of the
Royuls entered the works and took the
Spanish by surprise. They made a dea.
pernte but brief defence. Don Luis
Velaseo, rallying around him about a
hundred of his men, refused to surren
der until mortally wounded. He died a
day or two after. In recognition of his
Bnllantry the King of Spain created his
son Vlconde del Morro.nnd ordered that
there should always be a ship in tho
Spanish Navy called the Velusco. That
order is respected to this day. The
Spanish cruiser of thnt name Is now
ot tho Philippine Islands.
o
The Morro taken, the fate of the city
was sealed. Tho Spanish governor,
however, held out to the lost, und It
was not until August 11, when the Brit.
Ish opened fire on the city with forty
flvn heavy clege puns, that he signified
his willingness to capitulate. The Brit-
JONAS LONG'S SONS.
Down Goes
The Price
G ROGER! ESo
Choice Table Butter, lb, . IScCStnndnrcl Granulated Sugar,
lixtra fresh Jersey l:ggs, doz, I'it'S with other goods, 20 lb'sS1.00
California Hams, lb. . . (iivlonas Long's Sons Best Pat-
bancy Sugar Cured Hams, lb Sicv
Potatoes, choice white stock,
bushi
Rarly June Peas, doz cans, IIDc1
New York State Sweet Coin,
doz cans fll)r
Calumet Soap, 10 large cakcs,'25c
GROCERY DCPARTMCNT BASEMENT.
Ladies Tailored Costumes at 25 per ceiit;p.
t $10.00, instead of $20.00.
I $20.00, instead of $21.00.
) S'2 1.00, instead of $30.00.
) $.12.00, instead of $40.00. ?
$40.00, instead of $so.oo.
and we guarantee the ("it. We cannot duplicate them for a third
more hence their cheapness to you for three days only.
SUIT DEPAnTMENTSCCONO FLOOR.
Fine Shoes at About Half Price
At $1.79 Instead of $3.00
LADIES' FINEST VICI KID BUTTON AND LACE SHOES,
every style of toe Irom the narrow coin to the full common
sense, flexible soles, line uppers, fancy vesting tops; also all
the new shades of Russet Shoes. Not a pair of them have
sold under $2. 10. Most ol them have been $.oo.
At $1.98 Instead of $3.50
MEN'S $).io WAX CALF. HAND-WELT, LACE AND
CONGRESS SHOES, positively cost more to manufacture by
the thousand pairs than the price we name for three days.
At $1.36 Instead of $3.00
LADIES' TAN AND BLACK PRINCE ALBERT AND LOW
BUTTON OXFORD TIES, hand-turned. Regularly sold for
$2.so and $3.
SHOE DEPARTMENT MAIN FLOOR.
l
Ish troops entered the toi.-n ot i-Iavana
on August in. The Spanish land and
sea forces available for the defence of
the dty amounted to a In ut 10.U0O men.
They had a licet In the harbor of Ha
vana of tvv Ive llnc-of battle ships, but
Instead of s-alllng out and giving battle
to the Kngllsh ships, or malinir an at
tempt to escape, they remained there,
to be caught like rats In a hole. Three
of the battleships were sunk to block
the entrance to the hnrhor tho other
nine were surrendered to the British,
who nls-o burned two more upon th-s
stocks.
o
The triumph wns one of the most
crmplete ever achieved by British
arms The value of captured property
amounted to 14.0no.O0O. Philip 11. had
given to Havana a coat of arms. In
which was blazoned a golden key. to
sl'-'iilfy that It was "the key of th"
West Indies." Kngland now held that
kev. and hud she been wis" she would
have kept It But. a few months after
its surrendpr peace was derlared, and
l'ngland gave u Havana for Florida.
She lost Florida in our devolution- she
might have held Havana, and with It
she would have held the main gate to
the tlulf of Mexico and the Isthmus.
WEALTH IN HIM: DKIMIIS.
An Old Pnupcctoi fliiyn A limit OUSO,.
000 Worth for 910,000.
There are some men in this world
who have to toll for a mere apology of
a living and then there are others.
One of these latter Is Mr. I.uee.of Crago
Muchucho. Luce's experience reads
like it romance. For twenty years In
line! knocked about the coast, on the
desert, in the mountains, prospecting
and mlnlns, and had finally, by hard
work and the closest economy, man
aged to pcrape together a few hundred
dollars.
One day on the shores of the Colo
rado, some twenty miles north of
Yuma, he met an old Mexican who told
him of a deserted mine some ten miles
back from the rlvr and seven miles
north of Hedges. Luce's Interest was
aroused, and he visited that mine, to
find there an abandoned twenty-stamp
mill which had pounded away for many
years and finally shut down. He then
learned the story. The mill was on
loused ground. The lessee had mined
the nroperty on shares and had done
fairly well, although the ore was not
entirely free milling. One day the vein
"pinched out." The mining man was
sure he hud slmnlv lost the lead, and
that It was there all right, but the
owners refused to put up a cent to help
him find It again, and, tired or living
on the desert, he threw up the whole
business and left.
Luce examined the property and dis
covered that theie was a small moun
tain of tailings, the accumulation of
years, piled up behind the mill. Ho
tested these tnlling with cynnlde.
Then he measured the pile roughly and
estimated there wus over 100.000 tops of
the stuff there. That night he vvtoto
to the president of the cnnipuny In
New York city, offering them 10 cents
per ton for the trillings on a basis of
100,000 tons. The president read the
letter, looked surprised, and called the
directors together. They read the let
ter, looked wise, tapped their foreheads
slgnlllcantly, und laughed to each
other.
"This poor fellow T.uce should bo
called 'soose,' " suld one.
"Desert's proved too much for him
probably gone daft," observed another.
Not one of them thought those tall
lugs were worth anything, and they
had almost entirely forgotten that old
mine out on tho Colorado desert. Hut
they uusweted tho letter, telling Luce
to eo nheud.
Thin wus in Apiil of lust year. On
JONAS LONG'S SONS. -
of
ent Flour, every barrel
guaranteed full.
Sli.llO
Jjl.OlKFull New York State Cream
Cheese, lb J)c
Oat Meal, 10 lbs for . . IMc
Tomatoes, solid packed, doz
cans SI.00
There are about one. lumdrjed of
them no two alike matte by the
best men tailors in the country.
There Is not a finer dot" better
collection In New York or Phila
delphia. We want you to come
ami examine them carefully.
They're the perfection of style.
r" elpt ..f the btter Luce Immediately
erected a cyanide plant costlnc him
about J1U0 of his own nnd his friends'
money. Then he hired fifteen Mexl
c.'.ns nnd Indians and began work on
those tailings. The other day Homo
representatives of the mine company
were returning- troin San Francisco,
and, passing through the desert, thought
they would visit tho mine.
"How are you?" said Luce. "Glad to
see you. By the way, we might us well
llx uii our little account now as nt any
time," and so saving he drew tho as
tonished Uothnmltcs a check for $10.
000. Then he explained thnt In tho nlno
months he had been running the cya
nide plant he had cleaned up $!5,00O
and that there was plenty of tallng In
sight to net him $:!u0,000 within thrco
years.
TIIIUI'TV 1 1-F.L ANDERS.
They Aro .Xnltius l'rogros, but Need
the 'rrlegrnph.
Not only are the Icelanders steadily
Increasing in material wealth, but they
se mu to be 'making the lic'st use of.
their enlarged opportunities, says tho
Independent. As there aro no great
capitalists in Iceland, tho government
Is compelled to take tho initiative In.
many enterprises that in other coun
tries might bitter be left to private
individuals. Thus u largo approprla
tiot. has hern mado this ses-slon for
subsidizing steamship communication,
with Penmnrk and along the coast.
When these arrangements are complete
tit it will bo possible for the tourist
to reach Iceland much more readily
than is the case now. A contract has
oeen made with a Danish company by
which sixteen trips u year will be mado
between Reykjavik and Copenhagen
and six trips along the coast.
Kvcn more important for tho fiw
tl.re development of Iceland Is the pnv
posed plan for telegrupbic coinmunlca
tlou wii.li the Shetland Islands over
the Fume Islands. large approprla
tiou for thh. purpose was unanimously
passe 1 by the Althing, and tho Danislif
trovernment has MiniMi d Its Intention
to give the measuio substantial aid.
WMIe no final arrangements withi
either of the companies that bid for
tho contract has been made, thero In
no reason to doubt that the plan will
be successfully carried through. Ai
nutuial extension of the Idea would
be a North Atlantic cable between
Amoilca and Kutope, with Iceland as ai
stopping place. One dlioct practical
anil scientific result ot tho present
scheme would be to add Immensely to
our meteui'ilogliil resources by fur
ntshtiie: daily weathei report froin
Iceland.
VI Immense importance for tin- health'
of Iceland Is the new arrangement of
the state medical system. Thirty jenrs
ngo there were only eeven olllelal phvsi.
clans in the whole of Iceland. Under
tin- new urrnngoment the Island will-.
be divided Into fort two medlnal ellH
tticts, each with a regular physician,
A salary, vaiylng In amount In tlio
different classes, is attached to ilia
position In addition to patient ftev,
which latter an regulated by govern
ment ordinance, nnd there is a pon'
slon. Br.t when one think of tire onor
mous distances to be traveled on raid,
dink Winter davs nnd nights, thero
seems to be no ocoidon to envy ttifBU
Icelandic country doctors their unlatk-.i;
and pensions.
MOTHF.RS PRAISE Hood's. Surai
parilla, because, by Its great Wood
enriching qualities. It gives rosy cheeks
and vigorous appetite! to pala and .
puny children.
HOOD'S PILLS are tho fayorltf'"
family culhartlo and liver medicine'," '
Ptico25c, '" ' '"'"
vvNvvjC