10
TJFJJS BCM'NTON T1U13UK.E- !,A.TUltDAY. A1ARUI1 20.' 1898.
HOW UNCLE SAM
WHEN
A History of the Wars in Which This Coun
try Has Been Involved Since It Won
Its Independence Only Once Was
War Formally Declared.
From the Chicago TImes-lIernld.
How Ooph a tuition declare war? What
liave len the precedents ns to the
I'nlted StRte? W'hnt cnuses have been
considered necessary to provoke that
llnal upnpnl, the nrbltniment of arms'.'
Fiom the boRlnnlnR thnt I?, from the
diclarntlon of Independences to tho
liferent tlmo our country hns engaged
In live waiy. They were the revolu
tionary wnr, the war against the Bar
liary pirates on tho Foutli shore of tho
A'rilllcrrntuMn Sen, the war of 1S12, the
Mexican wnr nnd the civil wnr. Three
eii wnped on our own soil prlmnrlly,
though our nhlps hud their share- of
f Wilting. Two were OMCiitlallv warn of
invasion. That If, we sought the one
mv In IiIh own country. These were the
wnr with the narhary state? nnd the
wnr Willi Mexico. And In every cape
tlit- beginning was different. The form
of final nnnomicemfiu was In ench cpfo
pnuiically the sumo, hut ns the Incit
ing ilrcumitaiicca are never twice alike,
si- 'he preliminary details differ.
The war of 1S12 was the only one In
which this country really took the Ini
tiative, and declared war before a like
declaration had been made by the hos
tile nation. Hut even In that cape war
hud really exNted for vear. A con
dition absolutely Intolcinblc to the
hpi'h- of the American people had pre
n'lid between till country and Kiie
land practically ever since th close
ol the levohi'lonary war. Particularly
after the Kngll.-h engaged In the war
with Fiance in 1F0:: up to the declara
tion end formal beginning of the con-lli-
t In 1S12 attacks by JSrltlFh essels
mi amnioni: vessels, battles between
seiiF- i t rreater or l'-ss magnitude, and
io l"lniis of forcr-s .n lnnil hnd been
of al'iniEl continuous occurrence.
ANXOVKI) HV lONOLAN'D.
N'.'t cMi Amerlcni! "hip left these
f hi res for tindlng abioad but it must
run the gantlet of Kngland's fleet scat
tered everywhere on the high seas,
watching every port. wre-Mier of friend,
enemy or neutral. Xatuinlly merchant
men could net carry defensive armament
suRiclent to protect them from the at
tacks of English fiigales-, and s-careely
a month went by in nil those nine yi'i'is
fnw 1S01 tc 1S12 when an American
ship wan rot captured. Sometimes the
captor went no farther than to board
the merchant ship and take from It
such of the crew as nilslit be claimed
for Hrlllh subjects Sometimes and
this was the casj In unnumbered In
stances the ship nnd cargo wete claim
ed as la wlul l rlze ot wnr, and were
sent under escort to a port of fit eat
1'iitaln.
The truth Is, England did not regard
the United tates as very much of n na
tion. If In this present jeur of giace
a Urlllsh captain, encoui.teiing on th'c
high seas a vessel flying the American
Hag, should flie a round shot across her
bows, go en board and demand a list
of the crew, the whole country would
flame Into anger in a n oment. And If
n BrltltJi captain in Xew York harbor
should capture a pilot boat, lire at fish
ing vessels nnd challenge the batteries,
no administration at Washington could
stand for one day unless an explicit
demand for satisfaction swift, ample
nnd complete were flashed to the court
of St. Jnme. And If a British war
vessel, meeting; an American ship oft
Hampton Bonds should pour broad
hides into her, disable her, board her,
then send her adtlft as the Leopard
did to the Chesapeake war would come
so quick that not even the yellow Jour
nals could keep up wlih It.
BECAITSK OP NAPOLEON.
Yet such things were of the most
common occurrence in the nine years
preceding tho declaration of war in
1S1 One might ndd thnt even the con
clusion of that war did not see Eng
land lecede from the claimed right to
repeat the experiments. But she had
found America a stronger nation than
she had thought, and had thereafter
every consideration for a foe that could
fight. Also, after that England was
not at war with Napoleon, and one
great reason for lighting n nation
which would not fight him was foiever
gone
From the beginning England had
claimed and exercised dominion over
the sea. No other naval power was so
strong. And because her lighting ships
were so numerous and so powerful, her
merchant ships could go to the ends
of the earth and return unmolested.
And through commerce the nation was
great. She claimed that her citizens
could not expatriate themselves. They
were n part of her organism. The Ball
ot s were a particularly important part.
It was, In English minds, no fair de
fense that an English sailor had be
come a citizen of another country, re
nouncing his allegiance to the King of
England. And ns the sailors who de
serted from tho crowded naval and
merchant fleets commonly came to
America, where wages were hlgh.where
the language was their own, tho "right
of search" was exercised more fre
quently against this nation than any
other. She claimed her men wherever
she found them. She always had done
bo. And she never was forced by war
or cujoled by diplomacy Into abandon
ing that claim.
COULD ONLY PROTEST.
The United States could not then, as
It can now. guarantee to Its newly
naturalized citizens an Immunity from
capture and return to the mother coun
try. We were not strong enough. "We
could hut protest. And that was not
effective. So until 1815 our ships were
stopped on the high beas and searched
for runaway English sailors.
That was an affront which Ameri
cans could not tamely brook. "We of
fered asylum, citizenship, the franchise
to men from all other nations. And
wo suffered keenly when the visible
proof was repeatedly advanced that we
could not make cood our promises.
But what was more severe was the
fact that while taking their own men
the English too often took men who
were Americana by birth. They some
times returned them after many months
perhaps yeara of protest and nego-
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Untion. But often while diplomats pro
tested the. American sailor was com
pelled to serve on mi Encllsh mer
chnntmnn or to tight on an English
man-of-war. And In numberless In
wtances they were killed In the service
of n king1 to whom they hnd never for
one moment owed allegiance.
Some of tho incidents forming the
basis for the declaration of war may
be worth reading about. April 2."., 1R06,
the American Bloop Blchard, approach
ing New York, was fired on when two
miles from Sandy Hook by the British
warship Leander. Some damage was
dono tho vessel. But most serious was
the effect of the third shot fired, which
killed John Pearce, tho helmsman. Of
course the Richard could do no more
than run, but she did that and ercaped.
The Leander had lnln off Sandy Hook
for months stopping roasting vessels,
searching them nnd sending them to
Hnllfax In charge of a prize crew. If
they were worth It. Pearce was nn
American born citizen.
CONFISCATED THE AURORA.
The Aurora, nn American vessel)
brought a cargo of Spanish goods from
Havana to Charleston, landed nnd paid
duty according to law. Three weekH
later the goods were loaded and re
shipped, the duty wao withdrawn,
save S 1-2 per cent retained on articles
exported after Importation, and the
Aurora cleared for Barcelona, Spain.
On the way an English cruiser over
hauled her, searched nnd seized her,
and sent her to Newfoundland, where
every farthing's worth of tho cargo
was confiscated by England.
British war vessels hung about the
Ameilcnn coast continually. Some lay
off Long Island shore. One whole
squadron passed within the capes of
the Chesapeake Bay and nnchored In
Hampton Roads. Captain William Love
of the Diver, which had been specific
ally fot bidden to enter American wa
ters, sailed boldly into Rebellion Roads
and anchored off Fort Johnson. Love
was reminded of the proclamation and
warned to leave. Ho had attacked un
armed American boats In American wa
ters. He could not be accorded any
courtesies. Love replied that Jeffer
son's proclamation was Insolent and
tyranlcal; he would sail when he got
ready, and he wns prepared to punish
any affront to his master's flag. If
water were refused him he would take
It by force. And he did. Then he sailed
uway unmolested, and his letter was
placed on tile In Washington.
Lieutenant John Fllntoph of the Brit
ish armed schooner ,1'ogge entered
Passamaquoddy Bay, boarded and
searched the shipping, fired on the
town unci sailed away. A month later
he was again In port, searched half a
dozen Americans vessels, fired on a rev
enue boat. Impressed seven American
sailors, and with round shot cut tho
sails and riggings of the unarmed ship
ping nt the wl urves.
OUTRAGES BY OREAT BRITAIN.
The Jlelampua, off Capo Henry and
two miles from shore, made prize of
the American sloop Three Brothers,
Impressed ten of her crew and detained
her passengers. Later the Melampus
overwhelmed the Mercury, rifled the
mall she carried and examined all the
papers on board.
Later still, while the Melamous lay
at anchor In Hampton Roads, her of
ficers gave an entertainment on board.
While the festivities were at their
height, five of the crew American sea
men Impressed alert for a chance of
escape, ns was the case usually with
t.'cn on the British ships, went over tho
side in a small I oat and rowed ashore.
They are Ware, Martin, Strachan,
Little and Watts. Martin, Ware and
Strachan enlisted at Norfolk for the
American frigate Chesapeake. Not
one of the three. Commodore Barron
said was a subject of King George.
Strachan and Ware were natives of
Maryland and Martin was born In
Massachusetts. The commander of the
British ships and ves-sels of the North
American station wrote an order direct
ing all ofllcers to watch for the Ches
apenko afid search her for deserters.
Tho order had Just reached the Brit
ish fleet at Lynnhuven when the Ches
apeake put to sea on her way to Eu
rope. She was by no means ship shape.
Not a gun wns mounted, not a chest
of arms was In readiness for use: the
decks were Iltiored with sails, ropes,
stores and cannon. The Leopard fol
lowed her, hailed her and sent an of
ficer aboard demanding search. Bar
ron made a pacifactory answer and the
Leopard replied with a shot across
the bow, and then with a broadside.
CAPTURE OF THE CHESAPEAKE.
It took Barren twenty minutes to get
a gun leady, and then It was fired
with a live coal brought from the
cook's gallery. In twenty more min
utes the Chesapeake was riddled with
British cannon shot, three men had
been killed and eighteen wounded. Bar
ron haulfd dow n the stars und stripes
and tho Chesapeake was a prize. The
British officers came aboard, searched
the ship and tool; Ware, Strachan and
Martin and Ratford, who was really a
British subject. These tour were tak
en to the Leopard, and the Chesapeake,
disabled and without a flag was re
leased. Ratford was sent to Halifax
and hanged. The other three were
compelled to serve In the British navy
against their American brethren.
These acts, taken from hundreds of
like instances, all occurred before the
United States declared war. They
show a national temper quite Incompre
hensible now. Imagine such provoca
tion being answered with a protest to
day! Then there was another cause for the
war. Since England went to war with
Napoleon sh'o made commerce' one of
her offensive nnd defensive weapons.
Napoleon could not conquer England
on tho sea. Her merchants traded with
oveiy port In the world, and he could
not drive them from the ocean. So he
declared closed every port In Europe
Not only did he forbid Enitllsh mer
chants from tiadlng there, hut he for
bade neutrals ae well. And as Ameri
can exports had crown to more thnn
1100,000,000 In 1806, commerce was af.
fected by tho decree. England In re
taliation Issued orders th'nt prevented
Americans trading with France. And
between the two the rising prosperity
of America was chwkpd,
As England wns stronger than
France on the sea, American essels
had a ort of gambler's chance to get
through. They might take their cargo,
consigned to Copenhngen or to any port
In Denmark, nnd land It In England,
pay duty on It, load again nnd proceed
to destination. If no French fleet
caught them they might load there
and return, breaking cirgo ngaln nt
London or Liverpool, nnd so come
home. The restrictions laid upon
American commcrco by these two gi
antsEngland and France was all
but disastrous to the unli.n.
Congress and the president? Jefferson
was then our thief magistrate tried to
punish Europe by refusing to send
them any of our tobacco or corn or
flour or leather or potash or oil or sn.ll.
The "embargo" and the "non-Intercourse
net" wero severe measures.
They stopped all our products from go.
ins to Europe, save such shipments as
went out of the country through tho
hands of smugglers. But, really, Eu
rope got along under the Infliction rath
er hotter than did the American people.
It was nn Inconvenience there; It was
pretty nearly self-destruction here.
Under that triangular prohibition for
bidden by the French to trade with
England or any ally of England: for
bidden by England to trade with
France or any ally of France; forbid
den by our own federal authorities to
untie with anylody ubroad the grass
grew on tho wharves of every seaport
In Auction. The exports In 1S0S tell to
$22,0u0,000 a reduction of $8G,000,000 In
a year. And the Imports, fell from
SIRS 000,000 to $30,000,000. A cood deal
was smuggled out of the country, no
doubt; but tride cannot flourish that
way. And suffering from the Injury of
tiade prohibitions and the Insults of
M-ntch, the American nation waited
nine years before deciailnir war.
HAD CAPTURED 7S0 VESSELS.
In that time England had captured
"SO American vessels, and had Impress
ed seamen beyond any recorded num
ber. France had eaptuicd more than
SO1), and held at one time IS" American
ships. Some were set at liberty by the
captors; some were sold. The cosh
tevillzed went Into the treasury of Na
poleon or of Great Britain.
Doubtless we could at any time
hae Improved the material condition
by going to war with France, and so
securing England as an ally. But such
an act, under such coercion as the
English exerclFed, would have meant
complete surrender to Great Britain a
renunciation of everything gained In
tho revolutionary war. And while
there were many people, particularly
In Now England, who would have been
glad to see the step taken, the president
and the congress sulfeied ur.d strug
gled and hoped till forbearance ceased
to be a virtue. Then they fought, and
the issue fixed the status of the liatlon.
The United States of America rose at
once from a third-rate power to one
which no ruler on earth will assault
with the reasonable expectation of es
caping scathless.
Madison was elected In 1S0S, and pe
titions for the repeal of tho embargo
act came In great numbers from Xew
England, which section suffered most
severely, nnd whose people openly de
nounced the republic. March 15, ISO!),
tho embargo was removed, except as to
Great Britain and France.
All through 1S00 and 1S10 tho Im
ptessment of -meiican sailors by
England continued. In 1S11 the Ameri
can frigate President nnd the British
sloop of war Littlo Belt encountered off
Cape Charles ar.d fought. The Presi
dent win victorious. The 'blame for
the collision was with tho British, since
th'oy answered with a round shot when
Commodore Rodgers hailed with "What
ship is that?"
BROUGHT ON THE WAR.
That was battle, but It was not war,
since neither nation would concede Its
officer was to blame. But It fired the
nation's heart as in other event had
done. At the time Americans did not
expect much from the navy, but count
ed on raising an armv in the event
of a war with Great Britain. They
hoped to capture Canada. As it turned
out the effective battles of the war
wero all on water.
New England had from the first op
posed the war spirit, urging that Great
Britain was dolus no more than the
war with Napoleon compelled hr to
do, and contending that even the habit
of Impressing seamen would cease If
the United States could but remain
patient a little longer. One of tho
pamphlets of the day was published
in Boston under the title; "War With
out Hope; Peace Without Dishonor."
The New England federalists were
strongly seconded by John Randolph,
of Roanoke, who fought on the floor of
the house through every session
against the policy of the administra
tion, and all the friends of Jefferson
and of Madison. So intense was he In
his hostility to the government that one
day when crossed In debate by John AV.
Fppes. of Virginia, he being flushed
with liquor called Eppes a liar. The
house was In nn uproar. The speaker
pounded for order. Members on every
side hun led to pacify th angry legis
lators. Eppcs sat down and wrote a
challenge and Randolph hurried uway
to make arrangements for his second.
NO REDRESS.
All through these years n succession
of commissioners had been waiting In
London In the vnln attempt to secure
from England an abatement of that
odious claim to the right of search and
seizure. But premiers rose and fell,
news traveled slowly, and they con
tinually failed. James Monroe devoted
himself to the tnsk through the last
days of King George's reign, but that
stubborn monarch would not abate one
Jot of his ancient privilege. But the
contentious old monarch who had no
easy task controlling the commons
gradually lost his hold on reason, and
In 1811 was succeeded by the regency
of the Prince of Wales. This monarch,
who became George IV., on the death
of the king in 1820, was perhaps the
most profligate nobleman In Europe.
He had nil the stubbornness of his
stout, old father without possessing one
of the latter's virtues. He would make
no concessions to the American agents.
If ho at any time permitted his min
isters to offer hope he was certain to
follow the net with a crushing disap
pointment. Monroe went back to accept the ofllce
cf secretary of state under Madison,
nnd all the other American diplomats
nt London nnd Paris might as well
have gone home with him. For not
one of them at either court secured In
all those nine years from the begin
nlng of the empire to the fall of Napo
Icon one advantage for the United
Suites.
DRIFTED INTO WAR.
This country rnpldly drifted Into war
ns the summer of 1812 advanced. It
was time. "All over the country," says
MeMusters, 'the court house doors and
fhe tavern doors were covered with ad
eiilsementB of sheriffs' sales. In the
titles the Jails were not large enough
to hold tho debtors. A traveler said
that New York looked like a town rav
aged by a pestilence. (The ships were
dlnmantled, their deckp wero cleared,
their hatpins wore battered down. Not
n box nor n barrel nor a cask nor a
bale wns to be seen on the wharves,
nnd 1,160 men wore confined In Jail fur
debts under JJS, nnd vre clothed by
tho Humane society,"
Charles Cotenworth CPlnokney was the
minister to England. England had sent
r.o minister to the United States.
Tincknoy received n batch of orders
nnd instructions in 1S11, by which he
wnh directed, In case no minister had
been sent from tho English court to
America, to ask for his passports and
come home. No minister had been ap
pointed, and Plnckney wroto for nn
audience of leave, assigning his rea
son. AVIthln two dnys Augustus J.
Foster hnd been named ns minister
from England to the United Stutes of
America. Plnckney did not then need
leave; but he felt his dignity as the
representative of the American nation
had been compromised, and ho wrote
asking Lord Wellesley what Foster
was going to do In America. Was he
to seek to restore harmony between the
two natlons7 Was he to announce tho
repeal of the "orders In council?" Wns
ho to end the blocknde, or settlo tho
Chesapeako affair, or do such other
necessary things as might make the
two nations friends?
S5E'ATIOX;S flEVERED.
It sounded like an ultimatum, and
the king's minister said "No." So
Plnckney followed Monroe back to the
United States, It was the first and last
time In the history of our country
where an American minister quitted
London in a hostile and threatening
manner.
That was in 1811. Henry Clay,
speaker of the house, Idol of the
"young Americans," loved as Blalno
was loved later, had much to do with
forcing affairs. Madison was carried
along on the current of events he
could not control, and Juno 1 ho sent
"a long message to congiess, reciting
the grievances against England since
1803, in which he Included the inciting
of Indians to attack American settlers
and left the whole matter to the two
houses.
The house on the very same day
adopted a war declaration, and It was
sent to the senate. That body was
more deliberate, and It was not utll
June 18, 1812, that the bill went to Pres
ident Madison. But he signed It the
same day, and war was declared.
Of the battles that followed it Is not
the purpose of the present writer to
speak. But tho army was generally
Ineffective. Hull lost Detroit and Har
rison did no more than hold his ground.
Canada was not captured. The Brit
ish Invaded the very heart of tho coun
try, possessed the Chesapeake Bay. as
cended the Potomac river, defeated the
Americans nt Blndensburg, nnd cap
tured AVnshlngton City, burning a
number of public and many private
buildings. Mrs. Madison tho loved
"Dolly" Madison of that era escaped
with her servants from the presidential
mansion, carrying the precious dec
laration of Independence and keeping
It safely until the Americans could re
turn to the capital. A damage of some
$2,000,000 was Inflicted on the city and
shipping. "Willingly," said an English
newspaper of the day the Statesman
"would we draw a veil of oblivion ov
er our transactions at Washington.
The Cossacks spared Paris, but we
spared not even tho capital of Amer
ica." But It Is not easy to see why the
net should be called Infamous, as It
was. That was war.
The British pushed on toward Balti
more, but were finally repulsed, and
Ross, the commander, was killed.
SUCCESS OF THE NAVY.
But the navy won tho struggle that
began In 1S12. Jacob Jones, Isaac Hull,
Stephen Decatur, James Lawrence and
Oliver II. Perry won fame and national
victory. Lawrence, after a splendid
career, lost his life with his vessel
the historic Chesapeake but gave to
the world the motto: "Don't give up
the ship." Perry drove the Bilttsh
from the lakes, prevented Invasion
from Canada, and enriched our lan
guage with the sentence: "We have
met the enemy and they are ours."
Jackson alone on land accomplished
a decisive victory. It was at New Or
leans and the pick of Wellington's
peninsular army was humbled and
routed. But It was after peace had
been arranged though neither he nor
Packenham knew It, and Its solo effect
was a moral one, though that, of
course, had its value. The war was
ended by the treaty of Ghent, Dec. 24,
1815. And the United States even then
had compelled England to recede not
one lota from the ancient claim of right
to "search and seize." But the "right"
ha3 not since been exercised.
In 1846 the war with Mexico was de
clared In somewhat different manner.
The Americans had advanced Into ter
ritory long occupied by Mexico. Two
battles had been fought, both of which
we had won. James K. Polk, who was
then president, was resolved on a war
with Mexico, and May 11, 1840, war was
formally declared, he alleging that
"by the act of the republic of Mexico
a state of war exists between that gov
ernment and the United States."
The "sister republic" was conquered,
our troops winning almost every bat
tle, and against odds, but the fruits of
victory, that whole priceless territory
north of the Rio Grande Including
New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah,
Idaho, and California was secured to
the United States only in consideration
of purchase. The sum of $18,000,000
was paid for It, and the treaty was
proclaimed July 4, 1848.
WITH THE BARIJARY POWERS.
Going back to the war with the Bar
bary powers, which preceded tho war
of 1812, another method is observed.
In that case the Bey of Tripoli, being
dissatisfied with the fruits of black
mail which he, with the other pirate
nations of North Africa, levied against
all nations, declared war against
America, June 10, 1801. But after his
ships had been sunk nnd his towns
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bombarded and his power humbled by
Decatur and Preble and Bainbrldge.
ho sued for peace, and it was declared
June 3, 1805. Jefferson was president
then, and would not declare war. Con
greps, not considering the pirate pow
ers entitled to a formal declaration,
simply authorized the president to
send nrmed vessels to the Mediterran
ean. And the yankee navy did the
rest.
In 1861 there was no declaration of
war. The confederate states govern
ment was not yet framed, and the
north could not declare war against
a nation which It held did not exist.
But Jan. 16, 1861, the senate adopted a
resolution that "the union should be
preserved and the secession put down."
But southern forts had already been
occupied by forces hostile to tho union,
and tho Star of tho West had been
flrecf on at Charleston. And In 1S65
there was, of course, no treaty of
peace. There was simply a surrender
and tho resumption of national au
thority over the region lately in a statu
of Insurrection.
War was declared between Franco
nnd Germany July 10, 1870. by the for
mer country. Napoleon III. und In
deed, his people generally wero mad
for a war with Germany, and when a
prir.co of the house of Hohonzollern
was elected to the vacant throne of
Spain the Paris government precipi
tated the conflict, regardless of the fact
that tho German ruler disavowed re
sponsibility for the selection and ro
gardle.8 of the fact that the prince's
pretensions were withdrawn.
In this country the Initiative always
rests with congress, and on Its au
thorization the president may and
mast proclaim wnr.
It Is Interesting to observe that the
United States hns fought five wars In
the 122 years since the declaration an
nounced the birth of our nation. In
each one wo have triumphed. In that
period England has fought six wars
not Including conflicts with savages In
India nnd in Africa. And she has lost
two- -both to America. France has en
gaged in six, and has lost two' one
with the allied powers and one with
Germany. Prussia In the same period
has lost two out of five wars. Austria
ha lost three out of live. Russia has
lost two and has gained two. Spain
has lest every war she has undertaken
In that period unless her ten years'
war with Cuba may be called victori
ous. Tho United States has declared war
but once that instance being in 1812,
and after such a series of insults and
Injuries as no nation would now dream
of inflicting. But there has never been
a day when a declaration of war from
another nation has found us unpre
pared. And every enemy which has
first attacked us has been first to sue
for peace.
SE.VATOK .MASON ON HIS KNEKS.
From tho Washington Post.
A member of the house tells n story on
Senator Mason concerning a lady who
keeps u local bonrdlng house. Tho sena
tor boarded for a while, as did tho rep
resentative. Tho lady belongs to ono ot
tho well-known chinches hero and Is very
punctual In her attendance on morning
services. For this reason she Insists that
her boarders must be down early for
breakfast Sunday morning. The sena
tor was not awuro of this regulation, and
on his first Sunday In the house came
downstairs rather late.
"You are not on lime this morning,
senator," said the lady gently, but rather
reprovingly
"No, madam. I spent a half hour on
my knees this morning."
"That was very praiseworthy of you,"
spoko up the boarding mistress.
"Hunting for a collar button thnt rolled
upon the floor nnd under the bureau,"
declared the senator, concluding his sen
tence. In the Winter Months.
"Mrs. Lowdlet," meekly muttered tho
hitherto patient boarder, "I can stand
hash every day without a murmur; but
when you put raisins In It and call It
mince pie, I draw the line." Pick-Me-Up.
Tho Proper Time.
Mrs. McLubberty "Murty, whin do n
couple slllyhrate rthelr tin ueddln"?''
McLubberty "Hear thot now! Whin
dhey hov been married tin years, av
coorse!" Puck.
Treatment
en
Who Are Willing: to Pay When
Convinced of Cure.
A scientific combined medical and mechanical cure has
been dUcorered for " Weakliets ol Men." Iu success 1ms
teen so startling that the proprietors now announce that
,they will send It on trial remedies and appliance
wiiiui aavauce payment io any noiim man,
If not all that Is claimed all you wish send it
back -that ends It pay nothing I
No such offer wns ever made In good faith before;
we believe no other remedy would stand such a test.
This combined treatment cures quickly, thoroughly
nun lurevcr ii cnevi cu cany evil imuiis, later ex
cesses, overwork, worry, etc It creates health,
strength, vitality, sustaining powers and restores
weak and undeveloped lortkms to natural dimen
sions and functions.
Any man writing In earnest will receive descrip
tion, particulars and references in & plain scaled en
velope. Professional comldence. No deception nor
lmiKJaltlnn Of HIIV niLtliri. A nittln! rnni,tnfnn
mention paicr.) Address
CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
k:
.'Vci
-a
m
31
gives a
the skin."
J.
New York Soceety Ladies
ENDORSE
The Misses Bell's
Complexion Tonic
lovely Complexion Jmm, Clear, White Skin
Nothing will CURE, CLEAR and WHITEN the SKIN so QUICKLY and
PERMANENTLY as The Misses Bell's Complexion Tonic.
ncs, etc., and blenching, brightening
THERB NEVER WAS ANYTHING LIKE IT.-ILs merits are known
everywhere. The Mis-ea Hell's Complexion Tonic in used and endorsed by
the entire theatrical profe.-Mon, leading actresses, professional beauties,
society ladles and people of refinement everywhere cngerly uniting in its
praise. It la ubvjlutely harmless to thu most delicate bkin. The marvel
ous improvement after a few applications will surprise and deliglit von,
for the skin will become as Nature intended it should be smooth, clear
nnil white free) from every impurity or blemish. .It cannot fall, for its
action is Mich i that it draws the iiupuritiis out or the skin and docs not
cover up. Tins is the only thorough and permanent way.
Tho Misses Bell are tho Pioneers in the ait of treating the complexion
at your homes by means of Complexion Tonic. No massaging, face steam-
nig or oipur.moiis nro necessary: biiupiy the application ol ( onipleMNI
Ionic, which is absolutely invisible, ns it I" not n cosmetic to cover tifr rH
a cure.uiost efl'ective in its result. No discomforts are felt by its .use,' audi
a euro is obtained without the slightest annoyance.
A fJRAND OFFER.-The price of the Complexion Tonic is $1 per
bottle, which places it within the reach of all. Kverv reader of this, who
purchases n bottle, will receive, free, a bar of our Lamb's Wool Oil Sonp.
This Is Indeed n generous offer. Itemit only by I. O. Money Order,
hxpress or Kegistered better. Complexion Tonic is sent securely packed
in plain wrapper, free from itocrvntioii, to any part or tho world on
receipt of pric. Safo delivery juurntiteed.
Ladies can address Tho Misses Uell on all matters of complexion and
hygiene in the strictest confidence, and satisfactory advieo will bu given
promptly without charge. An interesting pamphlet will bo sent upon
receipt of stamp. Address all communications and all orders to
THE MISSES BELL, or
TKF. BELL TOILFT CO., 78 Fifth Avenue. New Vort
For Sale by LOUIS 31 Y ,BS,
SPRING HAT
On Sale Now
at
Conrad's
The
ni!ler& Stetson
Agency.
305 Lacka. Ave.
WE MAKE
A SPECIALTY 0?
OYST
Fancy ltockuwuys, Unit
Kivers, Maurice River
Coves, .Mill I'otids, &c &c.
Leave your order for Uhm
Points Jo be delivered on
the hall shell In curriers.
I I PBt PI ML IHBEt
THE DICKSON M'F'G CO.,
Hcnuitoit and Wlllcei-llurrc, l'a,
Jluuufucturern of
LOCOMOTIVES.STATIONARY ENGINES
Hollers, llolstlneand Pumping Machinery.
Otim-al omre. Hernntnn, Pn.
19
v
s .;'
ym
fk
.$rO
x
?
Xstz.
Plmnlo
and beautifying the complexion,
329 Pcim Avenue, (Saud Floor).
THREE
Things sure on
earth diit, death
and taxes.
T I I FT
CINCMBAR
MOPSTICK
is a great help in re
moving dirt, and
thus it promotes
health and increases
the ability to pay
taxes.
Price 'JO ronts.
Worth u dollnr.
Order of your ei.
SSL,
i
ll&gl&PQ
e a wen
of
INDAP0
TIIEUUllT
HINDOO REMEDY
PK0PU0E8THR AtOVS
b I! Nervon;, Diseases. olllncalcraorj
i'nreilfl. KlsaQln.KnMS. lnhtlv Kmll
in
Ion., etc., cnutod by rot abu.et. Hire, ff; . .
?ttior ana clQ to .hrunkrn orsnn.. ana qatcsir out
nrely reetorcs lost .MaHhoott inola or young.
En.llyriirrielin vettpoikot, rrlco-.OOapackSTO
Bli for in.llt) trllh a trrittrn uuarantee to curt on
mniiei refuntlwl. Dom't hot in Imitation, bat
In.ut on Iiot j ng INDAFO. . 1 1 J onr drugcl.t hat do)
it soar drugcl.t cat Dot
liliDuO lltntuv in., I'rupn, cklui ., III. or .or SMt
nf I,, urn I. la.ni Ml mnlri
ot it. wh mil .end ll prepaia
Matthons Hros, WUtflcsule and Kctult UrufjUu
BUllA.VIV:!, I'A.
UflUC Vfill Hord- Throjt, l'lmpleH, Cop.
HAVE IUU per-l'olorou HpoU, Aches,
Old More, It leer j In .Moutli, llnlr Falling?
Wrlto COOK KIlMliDV CO., 6ji Masnola
Temple, Chicago, III,, for proofs of cures.
Capital, J500.00. Worst eusoi cured In is to
33 days. 100-pige boa Ire:,
luy C'npaulrs
18 huurtf tvltfia
iilenrr.ullrcllonsl
T
1?
III
I KS si.AY
I AkGLf aNrrffiii,ian
X.iUT t .XU lvV-V.
CtUtPi wS- l
zxvy