THE SCRANTON TRIBUNE -FRIDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 0, 1897. Ielljnd Weekly. No Bunty Edition. Ty The Tribune Publishing Company. WILLIAM CONNELL, President SUMSCRIPTION PRICUt Pally , so cents n month Weekly J'- y"' iMimo at thi rosTomos at BonAirroic. pa., as ft OOltD-CLASS MAIL UATTIR. SCnANTON, SEPTEMBER 3, 1897. REPUBLICAN STATE TICKET. Stato Troasurer-J. S. BEACOM, of Westmorland. Auditor Qcncral-LnVI O. M'CAULEY, of Chester. Election day, November 8. Resolved, That tho platform adopted nt the National convention o Democ racy in 1SDG be1' endorsed fully and without reserve." Plank Second In tho Platform of tho Lackawanna Democ racy, adopted Aug. 24, 1897. The New Home Rule Plan. To Americans the new homo rule scheme proposed by tho English radi cals seems rational and In accordance with shrewd policy. This project goes under tho tltlo of "Home Rule All Around," and Its main featuro Is tho division of tho parliamentary session Into two Tierlods, During1 the first per iod those members elected from Irish constituencies arc to meet In Dublin for tho consideration of measures touching Irish local affairs; tho Welsh members arc to sit for a similar purpose In Car diff: the Scotch members in Edinburgh and tho English members in Westmins ter. During the-second period all these members will asscmblo In general session at 'Westminster for tho con sideration of broad Imperial affairs and tho ratification, amendment or rejec tion of tho local measures reported from the, fractional assemblies. It may with soma degree of truth bo rirgucd against this divisional proposi tion that since the power of final re view Is to be left to the Imperial parlia ment sitting ns at present, the net gain to tho Irish, Scotch and Welsh peoples 5n its adoption would be limited to the sentimental advantage to each of hav ing the semblance of a parliament of their ow n. That, how ever, is not incon siderable, as was shown when the Welsh readilyyioldod allegiance to Eng land upon the condition that the heir apparent to the English throne should bo born In Wales and first adopted as its prince. Put account must also be taken of the fact that should public opinion In the United Kingdom de cisively ratify the proposed division, it would operate as a check upon the In terference, pave for good reasons, of parliament in whole with the work of the fractional paillaments and thereby assure to each constituent part of Great Prltain and Ireland a fair degree of actual autonomy, subject to Interrup tion only when Inimical to the interests of the federation in gross. This now scheme of home rule for all has not yet been presented in detail to the British electorate. How It will be teceived Is therefore a matter of con jecture w holly. That the conservatives will oppose It for tho shrewd paity teason that It menaces their suprem acy Is assured fiom the outset, but can they involve it in lldlcule bofote tho people' Is It not cleverly designed to appeal to tho growing democracy of the English people and may It not bowl over the party which seeks to obstruct It? These questions will In all likelihood be answered within the next few months. Not In years have the streets of Scranton been so generally torn up as they are at present But It Is a good sign. It betokens progress. Every tearing up means some form of public Improvement; therefore, don't get angry. Life Insurance. Wherever the dally newspaper goes there Is interest in the subject of life Irtoirance and life Insurance companies. Of late there has been considerable discussion as to the propriety of in suring tho lives of children, and we are glad to say that those who have In vestigated the subject are practically agreed that It is a wise precaution on the part of parents, and attended by no harmful results, Inasmuch as the nmount of Insurance on a child's life is only about enough to covor the usual funeral expenses. The larger and more Important mat ter now is tho unnecessary, excessive costliness of this and. every other form of so-called Industrial insurance. Its cost is nearly twice as much as it needs to be, and the excess is mainly duo to the expensive method adopted for thn collection of premiums. These shoull be paid at tho local offlce of tho com panies by the Insured. If this plan should be generally adopted millions of dollars would be saved annually by the working people. It is estimated tha not Ifsr than thirty millions of dollars of life insurance Is carried In our city, and wo can readily believe that th's sum is not more, but rather less, than it would bo If stated exactly. Ten of tho foremost business men of our city cany one-twentieth of this cntlte sum on their own lives. That there is room for Improvement alio In tho methods generally adopted by tho larger companies there can b no fioiiLt. Such a reformation as would be eatlly apparent to the manageis would, If secured, bo of Immense bene fit to the policy holders and their fam ilies either In diminishing the annual outlay for this purpose or increasing ths ability to afford a larger protec tion to tho family. The practice of deferring tho pay nent of dividends to policy holders for long periods does not appear to be In their interest and besides it furnishes an additional temptation to the man i auers to make on unwise use of the mrrlus so accumulated, Tho percentage of expense In some i,f the lerner companies la now double what' it was fifteen years ago, and It ihould bo less Instead of more, because the volume of business Is now more than doublo what it was then, having kept pace with the growth and pro cess of our country. The actual expenses of tho manage ment of threo companies last year fell ut u little short of twenty-five millions )f dollars, and onecompany has spent lor tho 6ame purpose nearly twenty. nine millions of dollars during tho last threo years. It need not bo said that such a wasto of tho policy holders' money Is discreditable to the managers. Hnpplly there are many companies In which the conditions aro better, but they are Injured also by the competi tion and recklessness of such as are trying only to bo tho biggest company. Tho mutual principle used to bo In high favor, but It cannot bo Bald to bo now. Tho sagacious business man would rather trust his Interests In the hands of ono hundred stockholders and twenty-five or thirty directors than in one or two officers entrenched behind tho proxies of a majority of their mem bers. It docs not appear safe or wise to give a proxy to any ono holding office In a mutual company, and it ought to bo unlawful for an officer of any mutual company to receive or vote on a proxy. Such a reform would be In tho Interest of tho members of all mutual companies and would tend to economy In management expenses. Al though tho commissions paid to agents are probably higher than they ought to be, not ono In ten secures even a fair Income from his labor. The wasto and extravagance to which we have alluded must bo sought for elsewhere, and In tho Interest of tho Insuring public wo hopo tho tremendous leak may bo found and stopped. In tho past tho Justification for tho existence of what are called assessment llfo Insurance companies was found In the fact that tho regular companies charged such high rates as to bar out all except the rich. This Is no longer true, ns many companies now sell pure and simple life insurance at the lowest cost consistent with safety, which Is but little more than half the old-fashioned life rates. The assessment com pany was always uncertain, and Is al ways In danger of dying before tho In sured, and Inasmuch as they have sencd their purpose they might as well go out of existence at the first favor able opportunity. The subject of Insurance is one tho principles of which merit closer study than Is commonly given to them by the average business man. If there is a chance to submit the coal strike to ai bit rat ion on fair terms tho men should by all means embrace It. The strike has progressed far enough and Its continuance through obstinacy would Inflict a serious loss upon the community as well as upon the con testants. A Mile Post in Civilization. To every American who has viewed from an eleated standpoint the epi sode culminating in the resignation by Dr. E. B. Andrews of the presidency of Brown university, the action of tho cor poration of thit institution on Wednes day in deciding, after much urging from leaders in American thought, to lequest Dr. Andrews to withdraw his resignation, is most welcome. It marks in perhaps a more beneficent manner than can for some time be thoroughly appreciated a long strldo In American civilization the stride from bigotry and intoleianco to freedom of honest opinion. Tho inference from It is that persecution no longer, among men truly civilized, Is regarded as the proper penalty for independence of belief and conviction, but rather the resort of minds nai rowed and Inflim. We ate disposed to ngice to the let ter with out- esteemed Canadian con temporary, the Toronto Globe, in its be lief that this, in many ways unfortun ate, incident will prove In the long run a great blessing to the country at large. "It means." adds the Globe, In an opin ion to which we heartily subscribe, "that the whole ideal and conception of tho American educational system will be subjected to a most searching re examination. Already there are signs of reaction. There has been too much specialization, too much emplojmcnt of men simply because they were mas- teis of one phase of a subject, regard less of their manhood nnd character; too much depersonalization in the re lations of btudent and professor; In a word, too much commercialization. Mark Hopkins used to define a univer sity as a log with a teacher nt one end and a student at tho other. The modern American university Is a vast caravan sary where the personal element Is steadily growing weaker and the ma terial stronger, while the intellectual finds Itself more and more specialized and narrowed. Schools are for the pur pose of producing men rounded, devel oped, waim, feeling, personal men. The historic Williams college In Massachu setts has led the way by announcing that it will hereafter receive onlj a limited number of students. Its aim be ing to produce more man rather than moro men. "It will be admitted that a preacher or teacher owes something to those who pay his salary; and when his views change he ought to resign if the views of bis constituency do not chunge with him. But the constituency of a great university is not local; it is wo: Id-wide, and without the utmost liberty of thought and expression no school can fulfill its high mission. In a demociacy the only thing that can not bo spaied is truth; and henco there must bo absolute freedom of thought and discussion. Tiuth alone is true, and rational discussion will always eventuate in truth. Tho loss to the church and to education arising from tho suppression of fieo thought on tho part cf their paid teachers Is incalcul able. If preachers and professors have any use It is to discover truth and lead the people into It. This means that they must be free to traverse received opinions without prejudice to their standing. Instead of trimming their views to suit the prejudices or tradi tions of their constituency, they ought to endeavor to bring their constituency around. While this is beyond contra diction thero Is need of the utmost cau tion and delicacy of regaul for the pro prieties that must govern all Christian nnd civilized intercourse. Manhood is more than money. Tiuth is more pre cious than position." After the defeat of the bigots nt Urown It Is probable that these word will be more fully appreciated by the community In general. Day before yesterday the Providence Journal said: "Tho corporation of Urown university will today decide whether It Is competent to manage Its own affairs In en honorable and bust-ncss-llke manner or has become so weakened by ago ns to bo frlghtenad by tho threats of erratic nnd Immature employes." Are we to ipfer, then, that It was scared Into offering tho olive branch to President Andrews? , The governor of Indiana, who Is him self a farmer, advises wheat-growers to hold their wheat until they can get I1.2G a bushel. To do that It would not be necessary to hold It long. Put blunt ly, wheat Is Aomcthlng that Europe sim ply must have, and they can get It nowhere save from America, It is our's to make the terms. Tho fuss which Colonel Conger, of Akron, O., Is making because, accord ing to his version, Mark Hanna, in 18S9, refused to help Toraker la uncalled for. What If Mark did refuse? That was eight years ago. He has done a heap for Forakor, Ohio and tho entlro Re publican party since then. Tho proposition of tho Telephone company to baso Its charges In futuro upon actual sen Ice rendered seems on Its face to be a sensible one for all con cerned. But the company will please not make those charges too high. Senator Wellington, of Maryland, now lives for tho one purpose of "get ting square" with those Republicans who recently exercised judgments of their own a circumstance which Indi cates that in a political sense he has not long to live. If any part of tho Klondike gold fields belongs to Uncle Sam he should prompt ly take steps to enforce his title or else keep still. There has been a little too much gabble to the galleries on this point. Mr. Hitter's idea of a political sacri fice seems to be that It should not bo made to no possible purpose. The trouble with Eugene V. Debs Is that he neglects to Intersperse some thinking in his talking. Friends of Mr. Lenahan deny that he apologized at Reading for being thrown off the stage. Say! George, what kind of wheat has legs? L"gs! Wheat does not have legs. Where did J on get that idea? In the papers. You must bo mistaken. No. I saw In the paper yesterday that "wheat Jumped over a cent," now how could It Jump without legs Z-z-z-llng. Hello! Mary! Are the girls well today? They are. I have a conundrum for you, Mary. Well. What Is tho different between a cloud and a candidate's pocket? Too deep! Glc it up. Why, they say cery cloud has a sliver lining, but tho sller lining of the candi date's pocket has generally disappeared before this time In tho campaign. Z-z-z-llng. MERELY A STRAW. From tho Commercial-Advertiser. A statement sent out by tho treasury department based upon recent reports of tho condition of national banks through out tho Union shows the following In crease In the deposits of those Institutions slnco May 14 lat: Pacific coast statps, $2,100,000, western states, J3.500.000; mtddlo western slates. $8,500,000; eastern states, $21,100,000, and Now England states, $!),20, 000. These figures are tlgnlflcant for two reasons. They demonstrate that the in eieaso In tho deposits of western banks has kept pace ielatlcly to population with tho Increase In the deposits of banks in tho older states, and furthermore, tho Increase In tho deposits of western banks lias occurred In a period when the crops were only beglnnlg to be moved. More oer, the figures in question refer to only national banks. Institutions which are not so numerous in the west as they are In the cast. They take no account of the In creases of deposits In state, savings and private banks, nnd they afford no Indica tion of the amount of mortgages and other forms of private Indebtedness that has been cancelled. Tho same treasury statement shows that a large part of tho reserve of national banks consists of gold coin, tho "countrj" banks alono being credited with $o5,K0.000 of this kind of money. It Is not necessary to dwell upon tho meaning of such figures. They toll their own story more eloquently thin words could do. They prove what has been said scores of times of late, that nil sections and nil classes are enjoying the benefits of tho era of prosperity and of lencwed confidence which set In with the i hinge of administrations at Washington. It remains for the American people to uso wisely the splendid opportunities which have opened for them. AN UNlTiTusrUDV. The devil's hoofs were muddy With sleep his eyes wero din1" llo sought an understudy To play his part for him, Whilst ho took rest and washed and drebsed Within his palace grim. "Although I am expected Tu need a Liea thing spa...., No duty Is neglected Till somo one fills my place, ' And works," qioth he, "such 111 for me That evil grew a apace." Thero was a pious woman Who dwelt bctcath the sun, In willing service no man Did more than she had done; She strovo to preach, to train nnd teach, And counsel every one. She clothed tho poor and need In suitable uttlrc; She nursed the sick and seedy And raised them from tho mire; No godly w ork she seemed to shirk No pleasure to desire. Vet lightened sho her labors (So called) of Christian love By stories of her neighbors Too subtle to disprove. She roarod as sweet, this dame dlsct ecu, As any sucking dove. She cheered each dry committee With tales of absent folk, And let nor truth nor pity Impair her little Joke, Till loves were soiled and lives yere spoiled By every word she spoke. With talk her tasks beguiling, Sho blackcrcd people's names, Nor etreamed that such reviling Annulled her talntly claims And turned to naught the good she wrought (According to St, James), The devil saw the matron, And merrily cried ho: "I'm proud to bo the patron i Of gossips such as she! Whilst I llo still ahe'll work my will And be my deputy." Ellen Tovvler In London Speaker. Are Busier Than Any Other Nation rrom tho Provldcnco Journal. The census report, Just Issued, on the number of persons at work In tho United States In 1&90 comes rather Into; but, as a matter of record and comparison, If not of contemporary Importance, It Is of Interest, confirming ns It docs somo com mon impressions regarding the Industri al conditions of tho country and bring ing out some facts that are not, per haps, generally known. It shows, for ex ample, that thero Is truth la the asser tion that Americans nre preeminently a nntlcn of workers and that the propor tion of Idlers Is smaller hero than In nny other part of tho civilized world. Tho proportion of workers to population has, Indeed, been steadily increasing of lato jears. In 1S70, according to the census figures, 32 43 per cent, of tho American people were engaged In gainful occupa tions; In IS'K) tho proportion was 36 31. Put In nnothcr form, that means that at the former dnto 324 persons out of a thousand were working for pay nnd that nt tho latter date tho number was 363 out of a thousand, an Increase of 39 per thousand. Exact figures from other countries on this subject are. not at hand, but It Is snfo to say that nny comparison along that lino would bo favorable to us. Cer tnlnly, not only In tho aggregate but In proportion to tho population, there are moro people working In the United States now than .ever beforo In our his tory. Tho somewhat common belief that tho number of Idlers nnd tramps Is in creasing among us is not borne out by the ascertained facts. The Incrcaso In tho proportion of workers Is in largo part due to tho fact that n great many women who had previously done no gain ful work have, of lata crowded Into the trndes nnd professions, cither because they desire grcnter Independence or be cause the necessities of their families re quire that all the members of them shall labor to support them. The struggle for existence has become greater and moro Intense; and tho revealed willingness of the American peoplo to respond to the greater demands made upon them Is one renson for that Immense and rapidly In creasing wealth of the country which nstonlshes the Europenn statisticians. Tho women workers have, of course. Increased more rapidly, relatively, than tho male. In 1S70 of tho women over ten years of age 14 14 per cent, were nt work; In 1S90 tho proportion was 16 97 per cent. During tho same period tho number of nil persons, both malo nnd female, over ten jcars of age who were omploycd In creased from 44 3 per cent, to 47 95 per cent. That is, the gain of women work ers per thousand was 3S, whllo the gain of nit workers, of the clnsses considered, was 36 per thousand. Notwithstanding this Increase of women workers, however, thero was still In 1S90 only one woman working to five men, so that what we nro plenscd to cnll tho weaker sex Is still very far from full equality in tho neitt or labor. Turning to tho classification of work ers by industries, wo find Interesting evi dences of tho economic changes that have been going on In the country. In tho earlier dajs tho proportion of Ameri can workers who were engaged In agri culture was far greater than the propor tion engaged In nny other Industry: It still remains grenter, but tho difference Is less Thus In 1S20, out of a total of 2,402,640 workers in the whole country, the number engaged In agriculture was 2,070,646, or S5 per cent. Then we were, obviously, very nearly a pvrely agricul tural people. By 1S40 our Industries had become somewhat diversified, and though tho total number of agricultural work ers hnd Increased to 3 711,937 their pro portion to tho total number of workers of tho country had fallen to 78 per cent. In 1S70 tho proportion was 40 per cent. In 1SS0 It was 46 per cent., and in 1S90 It was 39 per cent. Perhaps not everybody fully realizes that, notwithstanding tho extraordinary development during recent years In man ufactures, trade and transportation, more people still get their living directly from tho soil of tho United States than from any other source. As things are now going, however, that will hardly be true. It would seem, when the next census Is taken In 1900. In the twenty yenrs prior to 190 the number of agricultural work ers Increased only 47 per cent., while In tho ten years between 1SS0 and 1890 tho number of persons engaged In manu factures Increased 112 per cent. In tho snmo decade the number In the profes sions multiplied three fold, which Is ex planation enough of why these lines of emplovmcnt nro overcrowded. On tho other hand, the number engaged In per sonal and domestic service has barelv kept pace with the growth of population. An explanation of tho so-called "servant problem" and n suggestion of some of the most serious of our soclnl nnd econ omic questions Is in that fact. TIME TO ACT. From tho Philadelphia Times. Tho civilized nations of tho world have for moio than two years permitted Spain to glut her vengeanco upon tho people of Cuba. Their homes have been burned, their fields laid waste, their citizens, men, women nnd children, brutally murdered; nnd with more thnn 200,000 Spanish sol diers not a single great battlo has been fought and nothing done to vindicate Spanish nuthorlty beyond the most atro cious abuses of every instinct of human ity. Systematic stnrvntlon has been de vised with studied cruelty to bo Inflict ed upon thousands of peoplo In particu lar communities, and Innocent and guilty nllko have been Imprisoned and mur dered without pretenso of anything np proachlng a fair trial, of those suspected of svmpnthy vlth tho insurgents. Tor more than two years Spain has written this fiendish nnd bloody chapter In Cuba, where not one-tenth of all the residents sympathize with the parent government. It Is no longer war between Spain nnd Cuba. It Is simply a wnr of extermination, a war of murder, of pil lage, of plunder, of desolation, nnd throughout this whole wnr tho Cuban government has maintained itself ns Its cnpltnl without even an nttempt on tho part of tho immense nrmles of Spain to dlspcrso tho civil authorities Tho time has come when tho civilized nations of tho world cannot bo held guiltless for tho fiendish atrocities per petrated In Cuba. JUDGE WILLAIID'S HESIGNA TION. From the Philadelphia Press. The resignation of Hon. Edward, N. Wlllard, qf Scranton, from the Superior court has been foreshadowed and will crcato thcreforo no surprise. The pay cf a Siperlor court Judge, $7,000 a yeai, falls far short of tho turning capacity of a law yer of Judgo Wlllard's ability and repu tation, while tho dignity and considera tion which goes with tho position prob ably do not compensate Judge Wlllard for the Inconvenience and discomfort of hav ing to shift his residence five times a ear as the court moves Its sitting from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, Wllllamsport, llarrlsburg and Scranton. Judge Wlllard Is not the first lawyer to discover that the honor of being a judge docs not in every case compensate for the limitations which tho ermine Imposes upon the wearer. NOT YET IS THE KACE. From the YHkes.Darre Times. The Scranton Tribune assumes from the fact that the Luzerne county Repub lican convention Incorporated In Its plat form a resolution favoring Hon, John Lelsenrlng for tho gubernatorial nomin ation next year that Mr, Lelsenrlng has formally announced his candidacy, Such, however, Is not the casa. Although It Is generally understood that ha will, If nothing occurs to ohnnge his present purposes, make an effort to securo ,ho honor, Mr. Lelsenrlng has not an nounced i.iat ouch Is his Intention. GOLdSMIT PinTTTT Al Up-to-Date Is always watchful of its customers' best interests, therefore we ari again making vast improvements throughout the interior of ouj building. For and trowel can be heard reconstructing and making imperial changes which will facilitate our ever growing business, but wil ali this work in showing of NEW FALL GOODS. Oar Ire As usual, wiil be the first in the field, with ail the latest novelties, to which your attention is respectfully invited. Parents preparing their children for school can find the larg est range of Plaids, Plain and Fancy Mixtures that we have efer shown, at prices within range off any purse however slim or prolific. FINLEY FOR inspection an advance line of Prlestly's Plain and Fancy Black Goods for the Fall Trade. Also an elegant line oi DWELT IN Which cannot be dupli cated. 510 AND 512 LACKAWANNA AVENUE Jardra5ires AND Pedestals Seo our new lino of Celebrated Dickens Wnre; also Austrian, Wedgowood, Japanese and other Imported vara. Fero Dishes In many decorations and prices to suit. Common Clay Flower Pots, from 3 in. to 16 in. for replanting use. We give exchange stamps. Mow Open Dress EXGLU8WE (MllEI 8UITMG8 TIE CLEM0N3, FEME, OWALLEY CO., 422 Lacka. Ave. 50 Store the next few weeks the hand we will not let it f nt Good s Dent oooooooo Our'Summer Clothing is all cleaned up, except a few Blue Serge Suits. It will pay you to call and see them and Try One. oooooooo 416 LACKAWANNA AVENUE, Lewis, ReMly & DavIeSo ALWAYS BUSY. 52! THEY WEAR OUR SHOES AS OFF TO SCHOOL THEY QO, "ALL THE HOYS. ALL THE GIRLS LOVE THEM HO," SCHOOL SCHOOL HOES HOES LEWIS, REILLYAIE5 111 AND 110 WYOMING AVE. Well! -Well! . Just Think of It! OOO-I'AOE LONG DAY ROOKS, LEDQ. ER3 OR JOURNALS, FULL DUCK BINDING, SPRING HACK, GOOD QUALITY PAPER, pQJ 95 Tlheo Think Agata ! A LETTER PRESS, GOO PAGE LET 1 ER HOOK, HOWL AND I1RUSII COM. ONLY $5.00. -SF Reynolds Broi Btatloners and Engravers. Hotel Jermyn Bldg, 109 Wjomlns Ave , ScrantoniPa. BAZAAR, hum of the saw, hamml hinder the opening an! IU ViiV FOOTE k SHEAR CO., Headquarters for S1EGLEY PLANE3. BAILEY PLANES, GAGE PLANES, CHAPLIN PLANES. SARGENT WOOD PANES, DISSTON SAWS, WITHERBY CHISELS GOODDELL SPIRAL SCREWDRIVERS, CHA5IPION SCREW DRIVERS, STARRETTS MACHINIST TOOLSj BRADE'S BRICKLAYERS' TROWI ROSE BRICKLAYERS' TROWELS, j DISSTON PLASTERERS' TROWEL PLASTERERS' DARBYS PLASTERERS' HOCKS, PLASTERERS' FLOATS, EVERYTHING IN MECHANICS' TOOI No extra charge for special orders. FOOTE & S! Wo Glvo Exchange Stamps. HENRY BELIN, JR., General Agent for the Wyomlnj District for DUPOHT Mining, Blasting, Sporting, Smokeleu and the Repauno Chemical Company's HIGH EXPLOSIVES, bafety Fuse, Caps and Exploders. Rooms 212, 213 and 211 CouimonwealtU Building, Scranton. AGENCIES. TH03, FORD, PIttston JOHN U. SMITH A SON, Plymouth E. W. MULLIGAN, WIlkes-Barre II PLEASANT COAL AT RETAIL. Coal of the best quality for domestls nsi and of all sizes, Including Buckwheat and Blrdseye, delivered In any part of the city at the lowest price Orders received at the Ofllce, first floor, Commonwealth bulldlnr. room No 8j telephone No. 2S24 or at th mine, tele phone No, 272, will be promptly attended to. Sealers supplied at the mine. L 1 SI PiflEl. f