K
14
THE SOBANTON TRIBUNE-SATUHDAY MORNING, KAY 22, 1897.
THE REAL
An Exact Statement of Facts Made by One of thef
Most Trustworthy of Witnesses The Span
ish Policy of "Reconciliation" Starving
the Pacificos in the Cities The
Black and the Yellow Death.
he May Review of Reviews con
txlne from the pen of Stephen Bonsai
a review of the Cuban situation which
mortis general perusal. Mr. Bonsai has
for a generation been an export war
correspondent, has hold positions of
diplomatic trust under the American
state department and has, while in
Cuba, enjoyed the full confidence of
Consul General Lee. Wo glvo below
the substantial parts of Mr. Bonsai's
paper.
The war presents two phases: The
war which Is waged upon the Insurg
ents In the field, and that which Is
waged against the pacificos, or non
combatnnts, old men, women and chil
dren, who, driven together like herds
of cattle from all over the Island, are
huddled together around the fortified
and garrisoned towns In the possession
of the Spaniards, and there left to re
sumo the struggle for existence with
out any assistance whatever from the
authorities.
"FREE! CUBA."
For the purpose of clearness, In de
ricrlblng tho military situation, the
Island can be divided Into two parts,
vhere th'e con-Jitters printed are dis
tinctly different. The Jucaro-Moron
trocha, as It serves no other purpose,
we can utilize as our divisional line. To
tho erst of this trocha Ho the provinces
of Puerto rrlncipo and Santiago do
Cuba, which Is today to all Intents and
put poses free Cuba, Cuba Libre. Hera
the quajlros, the bmall farmer class,
have not been driven Into the towns to
Klclccn, starve and die. They still oc
cupy their homesteads In the campoj
and while they have often suffered
from tho military operations carried
on in their vicinity, both at the hands
of the Spanish and the Cuban forces,
they have In a very great measure es
caped from the horrors which charac
terize this Inhuman war. "Within th'o
borders then of free Cuba, which In ex
tent Is about one-half of the Island, the
Spaniards hold some twelve or fifteen
towns, which they are pleased to call
strategic points of great Importance.
Bayomo, ilguani and Holsutn are the
only Inland towns which now occur to
me as being In the possession of tho
Spaniards. The other strategic points
are on th'e sea coast, open ports and
roadsteads, from which It would be
easy to withdraw. The possession of
these three Inland towns Is at present
the chief drain upon the resources of
the Spaniards. And the withdrawal of
tho forces from these points by the
military authorities would be a stroke
of strategy and a great misfortune to
the Insurgents' forces In the field. For
it can be said without fear of contra
diction that during the past twelve
months tho army of Callxto Garcia has
been almost exclusively fed, clothed
and armed with tho stores capturad
from the military convoys.
"SPANISH CUBA."
West of the trocha of Jucaro-Moron,
In the four provinces of Santa Clara,
Matanzas, Havana and PInar del Rio,
the conditions observable are quite dif
ferent. The whole country has been
reduced to a mass of ruins and ashes
by what General Weyler has been
pleased to call due process of military
law. With the exception of some twen
ty or thirty Centrales, or sugar es
tates, there has not been left standing
a single house, not even a guano hut,
In these four provinces, outside of the
Spanish lines surrounding tho occuplel
towns. While these sugar estates
have been guarded by large bodies of
regular Spanish troops and by bands
of Irregular?, movllzados, as they are
called, I am well within the truth
when I say that not even upon these
, estates, which' fly the Spanish flag,
which are surrounded by Innumerable
forts and trochas on a small scale, a
(.ingle sack of sugar has been made
that has not paid the tax Imposed by
the local perfecto of the Cuban Re
public. In these four provinces, the western
half of the Island, which has been re
duced to a moss of gray an 1 smoking
ruins, where not a single Iioubo re
mains standing or a single Inhabitant
following th'e pursuits of peac In this
desert which wa once the scene of
marvelous fortuity, every green and
growing thing ha3 been cut down, and
every plant has been uprooted; In this
wilderness which they have made, the
Sranl?h guerrillas and now r.nd again
a column of regular troops roam about
in search of ths patriot partldas, with
whom, however, they very rarely come
in contact. The Spaniards keep to th'e
calzadas, or paved highways, tho Cu
bans patronize tho country roads and
the- open country. And so hostile
meetings Are generally obviated, except
when one side or tho other because
the Spanish forces have absolutely
adopted the Cuban tactics form an
ambuscade, or sees a good opportunity
for a little bushwhacking.
Close reading of Weyler's proclama
tion of reconcentraclon will show that
men and women and clilldren who may
Be round eignt days alter its publica
tion In this desert, which was once the
garden of a peerless Island, are to bo
regarded as rebels and treated as reb
els are by the officers of Her Most
Catholic Majesty's army that Is, they
ere to be shot down In cold blood.
Though somctlines. as an act of par
ticular clemency, the women and tho
children are sent to the nearest reco
gldas, or prison for prostitutes. Tho
proclamation authorizes this inhuman
conduct, and the authorization Is
strengthened, and sharpened by the
private instructions to chiefs of guer
rillas and heads of columns to avoid
taking prisoners.
Tho character of the operations car
ried on by the Spaniards In the western
province Is quite different from the tac
tic in tho country beyond the eastern
trooho. In the west, Spanish columns
of any size move about with freedom,
and are never seriously attacked, but
merely harassed by a dropping fire
from the hilltops as long as they re
main on the tho great highways, which
they Invariably do. But beyond the
trocha In Free Cuba, for the last six
months, there has not been an opera
tion or a movement from the Spanish
elde which was not directly connected
with the now long sustained and most
exhausting effort to revlctual tho In
terior garrisons which are being main
tained at such cost,
THE BECOND CAMPAIGN.
By tho time this article is printed the
raid, which have already begun to fall
Ap Cuba, will have so Increased In vol-
CONDITION
umo that all military operations, at
least as far as the Spanish army Is
concerned, will have come to a stand
still. It Is then a proper moment to
sum up tho results of the campaign
and of General Weyler's policy, which
ho announced upon assuming command
of the Island fouitcen months ago.
Dining the period 250,000 men have
been sent by Spain on the lines sug
gested by him. The results of this ex
hausting effort, "Which has ruined for
all time tho resources of the mother
country, are almost microscopic.
In tho four western provinces the In
surgents maintain their guerrilla war
fare, generally with considerable suc
cess; and Gomez, against whom Weyler
marched two months ago with three
columns of 40,000 men, has. Instead of
retreating across the trocha or allow
ing himself to be compelled to fight
overwhelming numbers under unfavor
able conditions, turned up and given a
good account of himself by operations
In General Weyler'B rear.
ANOTHER PROVINCE RUINED.
The net result of the Santa Clara
campaign, from which such great re
sults were confidently expected, has
been tho complete devastation of an
other fertile province, and a great re
duction of tho visible food supply, upon
which the Spanish troops are more de
pendent than are the Cuban forces. It
la only fair to state some of the difficul
ties of campaigning In Cuba, which are
hard for any one to realize who has not
visited the Island; it is only fair also to
admit that never was an army so ill
prepared for the work that was cut out
for them to do. The troops were cloth
ed In linen, while the experience of all
the European powers who have colon
ial armies, such as Great Britain,
Fiance and Holland, points to the ab
solute necessity of clothing men with
flannel when campaigning In the trop
ics. They have been furnished almost
exclusively with alparagatas, or straw
shoes, which are excellent footgear fo'r
tlif dry Blscayau highlands, but which
become as heavy as lead and go to
pieces after a day In the Cuban
swamps. There Is not a commissariat
train in the whole army of occupation,
and not a single battery of mountain
guns. Owing to these circumstances,
whether the Spanish win a battle or
not they must within twenty-four
hours of sallying out of tho town re
turn from whence they came for pro
visions, and however desirable may be
the strategic point which they carry
with their Impetuous charge, sooner or
later, generally within a few hours,
they are compelled to retreat to their
base pf supplies. In this way, of
course, no headway can be made.
STARVATION VS. FIGHTING.
In the country which the insurgents
command that Is, in at least four
fifths of the Island Into which the
Spanish columns do not venture except
In large force, food grows on every
bush and every root Is edible for the
Cubans who know how to prepare it.
There are hill-locked valleys which the
Cuban forces hold, and where their
cattle graze in safety. Here they have
even planted quick crops, like sweet
potatoes, which ripen Ave or six times
a year. Gomez and his leaders have,
one and all, availed themselves of the
advantages presented by the nature of
the ground to the fullest extent
Tho campaign has been one of
starvation rather than of fighting, and
out of this the patriot forces have
emerged successfully. They have with
them cattle sufficient for several years
to come and crops growing In places
where the Spaniards are unable or do
not care to go to destroy them. In the
Clenaga de Zapata, or the great salt
swamps on the south coast, which the
Spaniards have never dared to pene
trate, the Cubans maintain their hos
pitals, their factories for the repair of
rifles, their depots of stores, their tan
neries, and their salt wells. Indeed,
with the exception of the question of
ammunition, which la not overabund
ant, they could stand Isolation from the
outside world much better than could
the Spanish forces. Were Cuba to be
blockaded by a hostile power, within
two weeks the Spanish army would be
compelled to evacuate or to surrender,
as almost everything that Is necessary
for the support of the army, even
In the wretched condition that is main
tained, Is brought from abroad, from
Spain, the United States or Mexico.
DEPOPULATION.
Tho following proclamation, which
outlines the plan of that campaign
which now threatens the very existence
of tho Cuban race, and which falls with
especial severity upon the peaceable In
habitants of the Island, Is without par
allel lr. annals of modern warfare:
I, Don Valeriano Wcylor Nlcolan,
Mnrnulft nt fipnoHfiv imvnrnn ..
eral, captain general, of this Island
and commander in chief of the army,
etc., etc., hereby order and com
mand; 1. That all the Inhabitants of the
country districts, or those who r,esldo
outside the lines of fortifications of
tho towns, shall within a delay of
eight days enter tho towns which are
occupied by tho troops. Any Individ
ual found outside the lines in the
country at the expiration of this parted-
shall be considered a rebel and
shall be dealt with as such.
2. Tho transport of food frotn the
towns, and the carrying of food from
one place to another by sea or by
land, without tho permission of tho
military authorities of tho place of
departure. Is absolutely forbidden.
Those who infringe upon this order
will he tried and punished as alders
and abettors of the rebellion.
2. The owners of cattle must drive
their herds to the towns or to tho Im
mediate vicinity of towns, for which
purposes proper escort will bo given
them.
4. When tho period of eight days,
which shall bo reckoned In each dis
trict from the day of publication of
this proclamation in tho country town
of the district, shall havo expired, all
Insurgents who mny present them
selves will bo placed under my orders
for the purpose of designating a place
In which they must reside. The fur
nishing of news concerning the enemy
whloh can be availed of with advant
age will servo as a recommendation to
thorn, also when tho presentation is
mado with firearms In tnelr possession
and when, and more especially, when
tho Insurgents present thomselves In
numbers.
VALERIANO WEYLER.
Habana, Oct. 21, 1S96.
This proclamation was published and
OF AFFAIRS IN CUBA.
put Into forco In tho province of PInar
del Rio October laat. Similar procla
mations were' published applying to
tho provinces of Matanzas, Havana
and Santa Clara, during the months of
November and December last year.
With Oio exception of tho foregoing
document, which I wm able to copy
from tho archives of the general staff
In Havana, these bandos have not
been publicly published and promul
gated aa Is required by law.
In Havana, Matanzas and In Santa
Clara, the blando was ecnt to the gov
ernors of tine various military districts,
Its contents made known to the leaders
of guerrillas end columns in tho field,
who wore entrusted with tho task of
Informing itho country people that they
must leave their homestead and all
their belongings and remove to tho ap
pointed stations of concentration. They
were not allowed to bring with them
any property but What they could
arry on their backs, and before start
ing for tho stations where they were
destined to die from starvation and
epidemic disease, they saw their homes
go up in flames, their crops burnt down
and their cattle and oxen confiscated.
In somo places the peasants very na
turally resisted such an Inhuman order,
especially aa It was delivered In due
legal form, and In many Instances they
were stot down.
In obedience to these proclamations,
and at the very point of tho machete,
some 50,000 pacificos have been herded
into the various stations selected for
that purpose in tho Province of PInar
del Rio alone. There are 10,000 in Mar
lel, 8,000 In San Cristobal, B.000 in Con
eoladon, and 3,000 In tho town of PInar
del Rio. From Artlmlsa to PInar del
Rio, along the line of the Western rail
way, where perhaps 30,000 of the 50,000
reooncentradoa wero stationed, there
have occurred, since the beginning of
December to the 1st of April, 0,000
deaths, or about one-fifth of the whole
number. The deaths havo been occa
sioned principally by small-pox and by
starvation fever, calentura del hambre
as they call it, while dysentery, yellow
fever and typhu3 have done their
sharo.
STARVATION STATIONS.
In observing the results of this in
famous proclamation, by which, wheth
er by accident or with design, the Cu
ban people are being exterminated, I
havo visited tho principal stations of
the reconcenitrados In all tho four west
ern provinces. The ground allotted to
them, upon which they have built their
palm leaf bohois, or huts, la invariably
low lying, swampy and malarious.
With very few exceptions the places se
lected for their residence .havo been
military or strategic points and not
towns of any size where possibly work
might have been obtained or private
charity active In assisting them. In- '
deed, it is fair to say, after careful ex
amination of nil the stations, that the
people have been concentrated In
greater numbers where the accommo
dation for them was least adequate,
and the only explanation I can give Is,
and It Is, I believe the true one, that
the Spanish inhabitants of the popu
lous towna brought pressure to bear
upon the military authorities to Induce
them to herd the country peoplo to
gether In places where there wore no
other or few inhabitants, knowing full
well tho dangers from disease that
would follow tho crowding together of
such a number of people in conditions
which wero in defiance of even the
most rudimentary sanitary laws.
I have determined to confine the pic
ture which I propose to draw of the
process by which the peaceable Cubans
are being exterminated to the town of
Matanzas, the second city of the Is
land. Hero the country people have
been given a healthy station. There is
not another station on the island that
can bo compared to It. And hero tho
scenes of starvation and of suffering
which are to bo seen are of less Intense
charaoter that in any of the other
places. Here starvation docs not reign
absolutely a3 it does in Artemisa and
San Cristobal. Disease, though its
ravages are terrible to behold, Is not so
rampant as In Marlel and Jucaro, nor
are the Spanish troops here so oppres
sive, so absolutely lawless as they are
In Jaruco, Gulnes and Consolaclon.
Only in a milder form are Matanzas ex
posed to all the ills and misfortunes
which the last days of Spanish rule
over this plague-stricken Island have
brought with them.
A MOURNING CITY.
Two years ago the beautiful olty of
Matanzas very frequently was enliv
ened by the presence of 150 sail, all
merchantment, coming and going. Last
March a solitary American schooner
lay in the harbor. Her captain died of
the yellow fever, and six of tho crew
are now In the hospital with that dread
disease. Sickness, want of supplies,
caused them to mit into Mntnnvna
This cessation of commerce has para-
iyzeu every industry of tho city, and it
is a fair and moderate statement to
eay that early last fall, and before tho
country population was driven Into tho
town, at least 12,000 of tho 45,000 In
habitants of the city were penniless,
without work or means of any kind,
and subsisting entirely upon pilvate
and unorganized charity. This was
tho situation when in Novemher 15,000
country people wero driven In, without
means or provisions of any kind, or
without any provisions being made for
their accommodation and support.
They came from the districts of Yu
murl, CorraJ Nuevo and Porto Carrero.
They number about 12,000 now.
"GIVE ME THE LEAVINGS."
Early in January I visited Matan
zas 'for tho first time. The streets were
thronged with beggars, clamorous for
Fomethlng to eat. A certain indefinable
smell of poverty and starving thou
sands pervaded tho atmosphere.
Crowds of poor country people, visibly
starving, hung about the windows of
the hotels and restaurants, and from
every quarter came tho beseeching, th'e
pitiful prayer "Senorlto, daml las so
bras do su plato." "Sir, give me tho
leavings on your plate." This heart
rending cry rang on my ear from morn
ing till night. Go where you. might,
there was no escape from the spectacle
of the hungry droves and the famish
ing thousands who wandered about the
streets of tho city. The women at
first, and as usual, made tho bravest
fight, and throuirh Januarv nnri Fiirn.
ary hundreds of them could bo seen
drying Btraw In tho sun, splitting It
Into narrow strips and weaving som
breros. Tho straw costs them four
cents a hat, and the bodeguero, or gro
cer, would only pay them five cents
apiece for a hat, which, even with tho
wonderful dexterity they exhibited, re
quired a day's work.
ONE CENT A DAY.
Making a wage of one cent a day
when salt pork, or tasajo, is being re
tailed to them by tho grocer at 30 cents
a pound was a hopeless task, and I was
not surprised to find on my return to
Matanzas in March that this Industry
load come to an end. In fact, upon my
second visit I found the wlole attitude
of tho starving multitude changed. You
could walk through Matanzuo for hours
and not a single beggar would come
out of his rat hole to Importune you
for alms. You could dlno at a table on
tho sidewalk and no one would ask you
for tho leavings of your plate. If you
wanted to see them you would have to
go to their bohlos on tho silt sides,
where, stretched out upon tho damp
ground and gaelne vacantly before
them, they passed away the. weary,
endless days. Now and again I met In
the streets a wretched, despairing
mother, clasping a puny, ailing child to
her shrunken bosom, hurrying to and
fro, through the mourning, famishing
city, with a terrible expression of
dread anxiety depleted upon her drawn
features, and crying out as she went,
"lechc," milk. Milk for her starving
child. Once I saw seated in the plaza,
half clad and shivering with cold, for
the keen norther was blowing, a moth
er clasped convulsively In her arms a
child that was dead. And she was
trying to nurse It, begging and Implor
ing it with all a mother's caressing
words to drink, to live. Friends came
down from tlie Coscoro Hill at last
and began to lead her away. A mo
ment later she fell exhausted, and
while she hugged her little one relaxed
and while s-e sl'Pt or. the child was
taken from her bosom, thrown Into the
passing dead cart and carried out Into
the country, where lie hundreds of but
half-burled dead who have fallen Vic
tims to this atrocious system.
NO RATIONS.
As a sequel to the proclamation of
reconcentration, certain orders were is
sued to th'e military authorities In the
different districts with the purpose, as
It was said, of giving the non-combatants,
who were herded together in the
way I have already described, un op
portunity to support themselves and
families. There was at the time, In
November, much talk of zonas of culti
vation which were to be surveyed and
then allotted to the heads of families.
These lands were to be close to the sta
tions of concentration, and at th'elr
peaceful labors tho non-combatants
were to be protected by forts and by
the presence of armed guards. But In
no single instance has this plan been
carried out, and there Is not a single
zone of cultivation, so-called, in the
whole Island which Is under cultiva
tion. I know of several places where
such lands have been marked out, but
not one where they have been allotted
or where the country people have been
permitted to plant their simple crops.
Many reasons are given for th'ls failure
to carry out the only human and re
deeming feature of an otherwise wholly
diabolical plan. I cannot enter upon
them here, but simply state the facts
first, that no rations have ever been
given to the rcconcentrados as often
stated In the most official way; and
secondly, that no opportunity has been
given these people to becomo self-supporting,
and that they havo been pre
vented from becoming so, and I havo
no hesitation In adding that I person
ally believo that this failure to carry
out ths whole programme Is not bo as
cribed to accident or to the disobedi
ence of subordinates, but that It was
part and purcel of the original plan
conceived by General Weyler for the
purpose of exterminating a race he had
failed to conquer in battle.
THE ZONE OF FIRE.
It can be truthfully said of the whole
province of Matanzas that it resembles
nothing bo much as a great ash heap.
And the same Is true of the three other
western provinces. But thero was a
radius of five miles around tho city of
Matanzas that had not been destroyed
in January. This had been pointed out
as the zone of cultivation, where some
day, some remote manana, the land
would be allotted to the pacificos, and
seed be given them to plant. But fin
ally more cruel counsel prevailed, and
in March the destruction of all this
property, and even the growing crops,
was decreed by Gen. Molinas, the mili
tary governor. The last time I stood
on the summit of Montserrat there
were three great fires burning to tho
right and to tho left of me, and before
me. Everything was on Are except the
sea, which cannot be made to burn,
even by royal decree. And for a week,
Matanzas, usually so bright and clear,
was as emoky and sooty as Birming
ham. DEMONSTRATION OF THE DYING.
On March 22 it had been raining con
tinuously for three days. The want of
fOOd had never hpfn frrantn- .ViAn ..!
denly the glimmering of an idea of self-
presorvauon seemea to dawn upon the
starving thousands on Cascoro Hill.
Without any plans, or without any
leaders, those In the settlement who
were BtlU able to walk marched down
tho hill toward the palace which lies in
the heart of tho city. As they stag
gered along through the muddy Btreets,
In motley half-clad rrnnni ttinxr ,.,o
Joined by many other fellows in misery
who lived In the stations known as Cha-
tarinas, Melilla and the bohis across
the river in the Pueblo Nuevo. When
they reached the palace of the Civil
Governor, they must have numbeied
2,000 men, women and children, with
wan, drawn faces, and features pinch
ed by hunger. The palace juauU were
about to drlvo them away In short or
der, when a vouncr offlrw nt tv,a .,
ernment came out and asked what they
wumeu. iney were thoroughly fright
ened now at what thev had done, and
not a man could be Induced to say a
word, and not a few began to Bllde
away. But several of the women spoke
up right bravely with their weak, shrill
voices, and said they meiut no disre
spect to His Excellency, the Governor;
all thev wanted and what they hod
come to ask for wa3 simply a little
bread and a little milk for their starv
ing children. The adjutant returned to
the Governor, leaving the Dtarvlng,
helpless people out in tho pelting rain
very much frightened nt the possible'
consequences of their audacity. In a
few minutes, however, ho reappeared
and led them around to the new artil
lery barracks, where to eaclt and every
one of the crowd a single sweet potato
was given. Encouraged by this Kind
treatment several of the men found
their voices and spoke out, saying that
If the Governor would only allow them
to go outside tho military lines they
believed they could find enough pota
toes, yams, plantains and bonlartcs to
keep their families from sUrvlng.
ROOTS AND LEAVES.
A long consultation ensued, ana
finally the civil governor, Senor Pos
set, agreed to allow them to jo out
Into the open country In the morning
under tho escort of the local guotrllla,
and spend the day digging for rati,
or Whatever means of suotenanue were
to be found. Early the next morning
they set out with bags and palls and
baskets to bring back food to their
families, but I saw them return to the
city shortly before midday, quaking
with fear, and with emntv paila, I
talked with novera! of them, and they
tcld mo what had happened. When
they had gone several miles out of tho
city the ofllcer of the guerilla, which
numbered about 100 men, told them
thoy might scatter, the better to prose
cuto their search. In a few mlnutfsr
however, they wero a'airmed by tho
sound of a volley, and on running to
gether they eaiw the dead bodies of
four of their comrades In starvation,
who had been shot In the back by or
der of tho sergeant, who asserted that
he surprised them as they were at
tempting to escape into the open coun
try. But those who stood nearest tho
dead men when the shooting took place
assured me that thero was not the
slightest excuse for tho shooting, and
not a word of truth In tho sergeant's
story; that tho men had not made tho
slightest attempt to escape, and" that
tho shooting was simply a cold-blooded
murder.
A CHOICE OF DEATHS.
Life eecms to bo dear oven to those
who are starving and who havo two or
three epidemics raging about them, for
the pacificos, one and all, gave up dig
ging for potatoes, and returned Imme
diately to their leaky bohlos and their
starving families. Of course no one In
Matanzas believes for an Instant that
tho four men had endeavored to escape
and -were shot down In tho attemot. It
was thought that tho sergeant had
taken It upon himself to order the
shooting In order to frighten the paci
ficos from bothering the governor
again with their foolish complaints,
and to prevent tho guerrilla from hav
ing to escort them out of tho city again
on a hopeless quest for food. But tho
pacificos have never asked to be taken
out again. They seem to prefer the
lingering death that awaits them from
starvation, small-pox and yellow fev
er to being shot In tho back.
SHOOTING DOWN BOYS.
Nowhere In the world is tho blessing
of sleep more difficult to woo than In
Matanzas during tho present reign of
terror. And early in the morning
there comes a sharp awakening, one
that freezes the heart and makes the
blood run cold. Across tho blue waters
of the bay, out of the golden sands of
tho beach rises the fortress of San Sev
erlno, a great mass of gray, frowning
granite, with hero and there an apera
ture out of which a distinctly 16th cen
tury cannon peeps. Here on the es
planade, and la full sight of the town,
are shot In the back the young boys
who have been captured in various
ways and charged with the stereotyped
crime of "rebellion and lncendarlsm,"
and have been found guilty by a sum
mary court martial. As a matter of
fact, and no one knows It better than
tho Spanish officers, very few of these
victims have ever been In the patriotic
ranks. The very great majority of
them are simply peasants who have
not heeded the proclamation of re
concentration, or who, starving, have
attempted to escape through the Span
ish lines and have fallen In with the
bushwhackers who, day and night, He
in waiting on all the roads and byways
that lead out of the town to the country
districts. As a general thing all those
who are oaught In the open without a
military pass are simply shot down In
their tracks. Some, however, are bound
and brought Into the town to be tor
tured in the hope of obtaining informa
tion. Those who are shot down where
found serve a useful purpose. For
days their mutlllated bodle3 are
dragged about towns and shown to the
morbidly and tho bloodthirsty.
One sergeant of the regular army
with Whom I talked In Jaruco told me
he thought this a most excellent plan,
for, as he said, the sight of the fallen
foe was a good thing, para calentar
l'anlma, "to warm the soul of the
soldiers."
There Is no record kept, or at
least there is no record that Is accessi
ble, of the number of so-called Insur
geants that have been shot down since
tho beginning of the war.
TURKISH AND SPANISH METH
ODS. I once remember hearing a congress
man say, one who has since been re
tired from public life by a well-nigh
unanimous expression of publlo opin
ion, that "We want Cuba, but we want
it without a single Cuban In It." I do
not want Cuba, but I protest agaiinst
our government assisting the Span
lards In the campaign which, If not In
terrupted, will end In the extermina
tion of a race which, born on Ameri
can soil, has not unnaturally accepted
American Ideas, and American aspira
tions. As I claim, the warfare that Is
being carried on In Cuba under our
auspices is without a parallel in mod
ern history. Turks In Bulgaria, In
Macedonia and In Armenia pale before
the acts which are committed In Cuba
at our very doors, not covertly and In
secret, but publicly and before al the
world, In obedience to a proclamation
of the captain general, the responsible
ofllcer of Her Catholic Majesty. I
make this broad statement advisedly,
and I think with Justification, for I
visited the scenes of the Bulgarian
atrocities a very few years after they
were committed, when their memory
was fresh in the remembrance of the
survivors, and I was personally an eye
witness to the outrages In Macedonia
during the summer of 1890.
BLACK AND YELLOW DEATH.
But If to tho end of the chapter, and
to the end of the book, the situation
In Cuba is only to be viewed by us
from the purely selfish etandpolnt, It Is
my duty to call attention to the Im
minent danger to our national health
and prosperity which are menaced by
the present sanitary condition of the
Island. Ther.e, with two terrible epi
demics In progress, all the conditions
are ripe for an outbreak of the black
death, the bubonlo plague. It may
break out spontaneously, or It may be
brought from Eastern As1a. Ships,
principally transports, are constantly
.entering Havana only two or three
months out from Manila. Formosa
and other parts of Eastern Asia, where
for the past two or three y.ears the
plague has been epidemic. These ships
are In an unspeakably filthy condition,
and they carry ragged, wretcnea
soldiers, the chosen propagators of
every plague. And not a, few of these
soldiers and a veTy great many of the
officers have been transferred directly
from the Philippines, and bring Into the
Island, without any attempt at fumi
gation or disinfection,, their clothing
and belongings, which have oome In
many cases from plague stricken
ports. If tho black plague should
break out this summer In Havana, ti
should the black death and the yellow
death Join forces in devastating the Isl
and, there would be but little chance of
keeping It out of ourown borders, even
though a policy of absolute non-lnter-oourso
were lnforced, as It probaibly
would be. The black death has jumped
a greater expanso of water than lies be
tween Florida and Cuba. The Japan
ese authorities in Formosa, two yeans
ago, when tho plague was rasing In
Ainioy, established and executed with
great thoroughness Just such a policy
of absolwta non-lntercouro. But tho
plague oame across the FVrmOian
channel and decimated the Inhabitant
of, the cort towns Just the patne.
raMM.
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TacSimlle Signature of
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exact copy or wrapped.
H.Ww- -WJ
EBR&a
Directory of Wholesale and Retail
CITY AND SUBURBAN
AWT STUDIO.
P. Bantee 638 Spruce.
ATHLETIC AND DAILY PAPLltS.
Kelsman & Solomon, 103 Wyoming ave.
ATHLETIC GOODS AND I1ICYCLES.
C. M. Florey, 222 Wyoming ave.
AWNINGS AND IHTniWIt HOODS.
r. A. Crosby, 321 Lackawanna ave.
BANKS.
Lackawanna Trust and Safe Deposit Co.
Merchants' and Mechanics', 429 JLacka.
Traders' National, cor. Wyoming and
Spruce.
West Side Bank. 109 N. Main.
Bcranton Savings. 122 Wyoming.
BEDDING, CARPET CLEANING, ETC.
The Scranton Bedding Co., Lackawanna.
BREWERS.
Robinson, E. Sons, 435 N. Seventh.
Robinson, Mlna, Cedar, cor. Alder.
BICYCLES. GUNS. ETC.
Parker, E. R., 321 Spruce.
BICYCLE LIVERY.
City Blcyclo Livery, 120 Franklin.
BICYCLE REPAIRS, ETC.
Blttenbender & Co., ZWA Spruce street.
BOOTS AND SHOES.
Goldsmith Bros. 301 Lackawanna.
Goodman's Shoe Store, 132 Lackawanna.
DROKER AND JEWELER.
Radln Bros., 123 Penn.
CANDY MANUFACTURER.
Scranton Candy Co., 22 Lackawanna.
:apets and wall paper.
IngallB.M. Scott, 419 Lackawanna.
CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.
Slmwell, V. A., 815 Linden.
CARRIAGE REPOSITORY.
Blume, Wm, & Son, 622 Spruce.
CATERER.
Huntington, J. C,
N. Washington.
CHINA AND GLASSWARE.
Rupprecht, Louis, 221 Penn ave.
CIGAR MANUFACTURER.
J. P. Flore, 223 Spruce street.
CONrEC'UONF.RY AND TOYS.
Williams, J. D. & Bros., 314 Lacka.
CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.
Snook, 3. M., Olyphant.
CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE.
Harding, J. L., 215 Lackawanna.
DINING ROOM.
Caryl's Dining Room. 603 Linden.
DRY GOODS.
The Fashion, S08 Lackawanna avenue.
Kelly & Healey, 20 Lackawanna.
Flnley. P. B., 610 Lackawanna.
DRY GOODS, SHOES, HARDWARE, ETC.
llulley, Ambrose, trlplo stores, Provi
dence. DRY GOODS, FANCY GOODS.
Kresky, E. H. & Co.. 114 S. Main.
DRUGGISTS.
McGarrah & Thomas, 209 Lackawanna.
X.orentr. C. 418 Lacka.i Linden & Wash.
Davis, a. W Main and Market.
Bloes, W. S., Peckvllle.
Davles, John J 1W S. Main.
ENGINES AND BOILERS.
Dickson Manufacturing Co.
TINE MERCHANT TAILORING.
J, W. Roberts. 126 N Main ave,
W, J. Davis, 215 Lackawanna.
Eric Audren, 119 S. Main avo.
FLORAL DESIGNS.
Clark, Q. R. & Co.. 201 Washington.
TLOUR. BUTTER, EGGS, ETC.
The T. H. Watts Co., Ltd., 723 W. Lacka.
Babcock Q. J. & Co., 116 Franklin.
(TLOUR, FEED AND GRAIN.
Matthews C. P. Sons & Co., 31 Lacka,
The Weston Mill Co,, 47-49 Lackawanna,
FRUITS AND PRODUCE.
I Dale & Stevens, 27 Lackawanna.
I Cleveland, A. 8., 17 Lackawanna.
iFUHNISHED ROOMS.
Union House, 215 Lackawanna.
trURNlTURE.
Hill & Connell, 132 Washington.
Barbour's Homo Credit House, 423 Lack.
ROGERS.
Kelly, T. J. & Co., 14 Lackawanna;
Megargel & Connell, Franklin avenue.
Porter, John T.. 26 and 28 Lackawanna.
Illce. Levy & Co.. 30 Lackawfts. "''
i'lrie, J. J.. 127 Lackaw&oisfe
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GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
Ostorhout, N. P., 110 W. Market,
Jordan, James, Olyphant.
Bechtold. B. J., Olyphant.
t
HARDWARE.
Connell, W. P. & Sons, 118 Penn.
Foote & Shear Co., 119 N. Washington.
Hunt & Connell Co.. 434 Lackawanna.
HARDWARE AND PLUMBING.
Ounster & Forsyth, 327 Penn.
Cowles, W. C, 1907 N. Main ave.
HARNESS AND SADDLERY HARDWARE.
Fritz, O. W.. 410 Lackawanna,
Keller & Harriii, 117 Penn.
' 4
HARNESS. TRUNKS, BIGGIES.
E. B. HouBer, 133 N. Main avenue.
HOTELS.
Arlington, Grimes & Flannery, Sprue
and Franklin.
Scranton House, near depot.
HOUSE, SIGN AND FRESCO PAINTER.
Wm. Hay, 112 Linden.
HUMAN HAIR AND HAIR DRESSING.
N. T. Llsk. 223 Lackawanna.
LEATHER AND FINDINGS.
Williams, Samuel, 221 SprUoe.
LIME, CF.MTNT SEWER PIPE.
Keller, Luther, 813 Lackawanna.
MILK. CREAM. BUTTER. ETC.
Scranton Dairy Co.. Penn and Linden.
Ston9 Bros., 308 Spruce.
MILLIINER.
Mrs. M. Saxe, 146 N. Main avenue.
MILLINERY AND DRESSMAKING.
Mrs. Bradley, 20e Adams, opp. Court
House. ,
MILLINERY AND FURNISHING GOODS.I
Brown's Bee Hive, 224 Lackawanna.
.MINE AND MILL SUPPLIES.
Scranton Supply and Mach. Co., 131 Wya
MODISTE AND DRESSMAKER.
Mrs. K. Walsh, 311 Spruce street.
MONUMENTAL WORKS.
Owens Bros., 218 Adams ave.
PANTS. '
Grrat Atlantic $3 Pants Co., 319 Lacka.
wana ave.
PAINTS AND SUPPLIES.
Jloncke & McKec, 300 Spruce street.
PAINTS AND WALL PAPER.
WInke, J. C, 315 Penn.
PAWNBROKER.
Green, Joseph, 107 Lackawanna.
PIANOS AND ORGANS.
Btelle. J. Lawrence, 303 Spruce.
PHOTOGRAPHER.
H. S. Cramer, Sll Lackawanna av.
PLUMBING AND HEATING.
Howley, P. F. & M. F.. 231 Wyoming ayei,
REAL ESTATE.
Horatio N. Patrick, 320 Washington.
t
RL'BDER STAMPS, STENCILS ETC.
Scranton Rubber Stamp Co., 633 Spruce)
street.
ROOFING.
National Roofing Co., 331 Washington.
SANITARY PLUMBING
W. A. Wiedebusch, 231 Washington ave
STEAMSHIP TICKETS.
J. A. Barron, 215 Lackawanna and
Priceburg.
STEREO-KELIEF DFCOHATIONS ANO
PAINTING.
S. H. Morris, 217 Wyjmlng ave.
TEA, COITEF. AND SPICE.
Grand Union Tea Co , 103 S. Main,
TRUSS1S. IIATTl'.Itm;, RUBBER GOODt
Benjamin ft Benjamin, Franklin and
Spruce.
UNDERTAKER AND LU'ERY.
Raub, A. II., 425 Sprice.
UPHOLSTERER AND CAWPET LAYER.
C, II. Hazlctt, 226 Spruce street.
WALL PAPER, ETC.
Ford, W. M 120 Penn.
WATCHMAKER AND JEWELER. '
Rogers, A. V-. 215 Lackawanna,
WINES AND I IQUOKS. " ""l
Walsh. Edward J., 32 Lackawanna,
WIRE AND WIRE ROPE.
Washburn & Moen Mfg C., 119 Frankllt
avo.
ASTORIA
B
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