WrW-H
TIIE SCRANTON TIUBUNE -SATURDAY MORNING, APJtIL 17. 1897.
Interests of "Women and the Home
11
" ' ' . -' ... '. . .''..
t
XRays aed Tight Lading Roeetgee's
Light flay led ye Womeini to
Drop CoretSo
If tho Roentgen rays discovery sots
women's vnlsts free it will, sajs the
Bun, havo accomplished a great mis
sion. And things are beginning to
point that way. Tho Queen of Portu
gal hns set the ball In motion It whs
at.her suggestion that tho ladles of her
ediirt -submitted themselves to the
searching action of the Roentgen rajs.
They wero so startled at tho sight of
their distorted ribs, compressed chests,
lop-sided livers, and squeezed stom
achs, all the result of tight lacing, that
they Immediately declared the corset
must go. Henceforth, so thev bao tie
tat mined, they will bo free women.
When questioned about the evils of
tight lacing Dr. George r Shrady said4
"I -never In' my life met a girl or wo
man, who, when questioned on the sub
ect, said she laced tlghtlj A woman
goes to a physician with some com
plaint, and he asks:" 'How are lour
.oorsots; do you wear them pretty
Jtlght?'.
, " 'No, Indeed, doctor,' she Invariably
inswcrs though damning evidence, as
n&
nits on the woman who does
NOT LACK
the lawjers call It, Is present. 'I never
late the least bit, though I know other
wemen-do.'
' Doctors go on asking tho question,
expecting the same tenlv and nlwav
Betting It. It teems almost ludicrous
for a physlclrn to tnllc on the evil ef
fects of this fashion Women only
utille when they hear or read anything
about It, and continue to pull on their
cois?t strings. Often they laugh out
right and say, 'We'll show these doc
taflM
ir
TVO
Prom tho New York Bun.
Nothing so exasperates a j'oung gill
as the ding-donging Into her ears of
those eant phia.ses, "I never did that
whtn I was a gill, "I nevei read such
books when I was a gill." "Such things
were considered unfit for the j'oung In
my daj The mothers and grandmoth
ers, aunts and great-aunts, who in
dulge in these nagging reinaiks, foiget
that social conellt 10113 change from
generation to gcnHintlon. Fortunately
fo'i the peace ef mind and well-rounded
development of the joung of to-dnj',
there aie only a few left who harp on
that old phnse, 'unfit for the joung"
Those Who elo, love to, talk about tho
good old times vvhui tho joung were
restiicted, gufiidrd, denied, and pro
tected; when tlit j were considered ut
terly Incapable er undei taking the le
sponsiblllty of Hull ovva conduct, much
less their own education They nigui
that In olde.11 times the joung were sup
posed to be under theli mother's wing
tho boys until they went away to
boaidlng school and the girls until they
nun 1 led; und luitheimore they assort
that this was a butter Mati of aftalis
than the one existing to-du, when the
joung are given their head, so to speik,
and like little Topsy "jus glow" moinl
Ij, mentnllj- and phjslcally, Instead of
being brought up by some one else.
A woman who sees much of her sis
ters In New Yotk society said; "It al
ways nmusis me to hear a mother sa
to her daughter. 'I didn't do that when
I was a glil ' Nino times out of ten It
was because she couldn't. It's non
sen! to talk about this, that, and tho
otier being -unfit for the yourg. When
is n person joung? Who Is to decide'
One.' gill In old at twelvo years, whllo
another Is a fluid at elchtecn. Tho
truth Is, our grandmothers had to work
too hard to ray much attention to their
daughters. The glils of those days
never heaid of a chap"ion It Is only
within tho past twentj-ilvo years that
the- chapei on b"gan to be a necessltj',
and onlj fifteen since she became nbso-lutelj-1
so. This doesn't apply to small
tow ns nor even to many titles now, but
is especially ttuo of the large cities on
the eastern coast of the Atlantic. The
chaperon was Introduced Into Amorlcnr
society mainly out of regnrd for the
feelings of foielgn visitors. Thfy look
askance a,t the clrl who isn't properly
chaperoned, and It matters not if the
chaperon is only a matron of two hours
"It js quite true that girls are al
lowed more liberty In the matter of llt
eraturo and amusements now than they
were in our grandmothers' time, be
causo wo have so much more to read
and so many more forms of entertain
ment. Of course, girls were restricted
then, and they are restricted now, In
the selection of their reading matter.
When I vvas a glil, 'Don Quixote,'
Hudlbras, 'The Three Guaidsmen,'
'Tale of a Tub,' 'Ilomance of the For
est,' and books of that sort, weio con
sidered (op(s1ddy for joung women to
read. Thej; were, Indeed, forbidden
fruit in nearly every household, and
were It kept at all, placed on the top
shelf e)t. tho bookcase, a place forbid
den to thtr young girls of the family.
This was the law In my home, but I
od Very one of those books before I
&
lS AvtC M
3- Z&h TV
wMm
TN O
I T
H
tors and rranks that we can go on
lacing, ns they call It, and still live.'.
"There Is nbolu't ly no phyrlologlcal
nigument In favor of tho corset, but It
Is bote, and I'm afraid It Is here to stny
From tho time that tho women and the
men of the Middle Ages fiist put on
corsetH to modify the shape of the body
until the pu.se tit time, fashion Ins lc
pcatedly and almost constantly turned
to small vwlstp. Tho men M'ry soon
diopped their coisets, be It said to their
credit. The natural conformation of
the chest Is alwnys laigcr below than
above It Is almost cone shaped,
though some people get tho Idea that
It Is almost squnie, because thev take
In the projottlng shoulder bones The
libs utc so fixed that when one brcith s
they expand, mil upon each other, and
tuin out. How Is It possible for thorn
to do this when confined In a. tltjht cor
set; Vital inspirations and circula
tions aie Impeded by the corset. It
constricts the vtiy best pait of tho1
lungs, and oftentimes the liver i9 not
only dlsplaped, but fut rowed. Th
liver, being a large and solid organ, can
stand considerable peisetutlon without
lt natuiMl woik being Interfered with,
but when pushed out of Its pinper place
It has to go somen hue, so It crowds
the stomieh down, when In turn gets
the Intestines and organs of mother
hood out of their natui.il place.
"As I said befoic, there Is absolutelj
no physiological argument In favoi of
the coiet. llmij women claim that
they vvtar It to suppent them, and It
can be worn so loose that no Injuty fol
lows, but It Is absolutely uiineeessarj.
lien don't itquire coisets to suppott
them. They depend on tho backbone,
fiat cential spinal column on which
eveij thing hangs, and women s'lould
do the .same. It caules all of the
weight, and It Is follj for women to
think that the collet can carrj some
of It. A man might ns well try to lift
himself by his tiotisers He has no
point of vantage to woik fiom Once
in Reechei's day a levlvnltst went to
Riookljn nnd made quite a stir In the
city of big pt cache rs. Heecher was
eiv much Inteiestcd In him and said
to a filend' 'You've been to hear him,
what kind ef a looking man Is he?'
"'Oh,' leplled the filend, 'he's a
small, thin, angular, little fellow.'
" 'Hnsn't he got any chest and stom
ach''' asked Heecher caceilj.
" 'Not a bit,' was tho leply.
" 'Well, If he hasn't got any chest and
stomach he won't last long,' said the
'creat preacher.
I "That Is a pretty good argument
against tight lacing. One won t last
long who has no chest and stomach.
Woman Is constantly sajlng, '1 want
was fifteen. How did I get them? I
got up on a stepladdei, selected the
book I wanted, tied It to my gaitci,
and awa 1 went with It. No one was
anv wl'-er and neither was I after 1
load the books. So It Is with the
joung todaj. They wouldn't under
stnml manj of the books that they are
foi bidden to lead The gills of toda
have bettei e'lanees than their mothers
had, and the glil with a teholaily bent
doesn't caio fen Infeilor llteiatuie. In
fact, many mothers are nor so fit to
judge of what their gills shall lead,
after they've leached matuiltj-, as the
glrU themselves. I have no patience
with those people who believe thnt the
pei son a modern glil least respects ns
her guide and counellen, least regauls
as hei filend, Is her mother. This Is
untitle The obseivnnt pel son knows
that a mine peifect companionship ex
ists between the mother and daughter
of today than cvci before"
Nothing delights Mis Elizabeth Cady
Ftanton so much as to contiast the old
times with the new. She sas she 10
rn'inbeis Just how the giandmothers
named their girls. "And the contrast
Is wholly In otu favor," she adds with
a laugh. "Then we had less foim and
less feeedom, nnd now we have moic
foim and moie freedom. The Ameil
tan glildof toelaj have Infinitely moie
dignity, self-iios'-esslon nnd Intellect
than women of other countries I've
spent considerable times in England,
end the glils theie fiom 10 to IS jeais
cf age can scaicelj -expiess a wcll-dl-tested
opinion on anything English
Mils grow up with the Idea that tiny
must be seen and not heaid. No su !i
lele a prevails In this country Our girls,
fiom tho tlmo thej can toddle, are seen
Mid heaid on all occasions. I shall
never forget unending a dinner In an
old English castle, once occupied by
Queen Elizabeth. Muiat Halstead's
daughter, a chit of a girl, vvas present,
ana when she veiituted to expeess v ell
lounded, thoughtful opinions on every
thing that oame up. Including polities,
I 'vih jeiu could have seen hotv aston
it lied her henteis were. For weckii
thev talked of the wonderful Ameil
cim cli Is.
' In eveiy respect the present tialnlng
of gltls Is bette-r than the past. Then
thej were shut out of colleges, nnd any
woman who vvas tin own on her own
3elf had two lesoui ces teaching nnd
sewing. Fine teachers they vverel
Theie was a tlmo when women vveie
not allowed to study classics. If wo
aie going to sift out eveij thing that la
Indelicate, wo must begin by throwing
out tho Hlble und Shakespeaie,
along with the clacslcs, ami many of
the old poets must follow.
"The tenn 'unfit foi tho young' no
longer exists ns a vital principle. Some
people hold that tho modem mother
guides her son with a better under
mnding, and, coincident with' this now
function, has icllaxed her discipline
over her daughters. Tho wise mother
talkd to her boys and glils Just alike;
she has the somo code for bolhi Our
grandmothcia did not talk to either
their boys, or gltls. Other and more
knowing boys and glils told tho truths
which our grandmothers should have
presented In the most delicate, natural,
and beautiful way.
"To assume that a mother can guldo
her children is to assumo that she Is
wise. In many, a great many cases
her children know more than she does.
Many" mothers hamper their children
and
to develop tho upper part of my body,'
but she always makes the mental res
civntlon, 'I wnnt a small waist, too
Lacing prevents the development of the
tilipec part of the chest. Muscles that
are cemllncd loso their power. When
an athlete Is training he doesn't con
strict his chest nnd lungs.
"Artists havo tho most correct Ideas
about the beauty of the human form.
wis
nins or Tin: girl who laces.
The old masters of the brush and chisel
never chose a woman with a small
waist fni a model, but they selected
one whose llguie showed only a slight
curve nnd no constriction nt the waist
The artists of today elo not think small
waists pretty, and will not have models
who lace, but seek those who have al
wavs enjojed freedom of chest and
waist If most women were to apply
for emplijment as models, they would
be looked upon as deformed.
' 'I he fact that,, Just as soon as a wo
man faints wo unfasten her corset,
pioves that lacing intorfcrcs with her
bicathlng. What we want is God s own
pure air nnd plenty of It. We need It
mene than water or food Next to air
we icqulie water mote than anything
ele; but wc aien't thirsty all the time
We must have air nil the time, how
ever, and we ought to be fiee to drink
In plenty of it. We rarely ever hear of
a man fainting or see one using a fan
Go Into a crowdeel hall, and nearly
ivory woman there will bo fannlnp
fanning, fanning for dear life It's be-
Instead of developing them. Even to
day children aio too much restricted
in many cases, as they have too much
latitude In othois. The most crippling
Influence In human development Is fear.
The j e ung a hundred years ago had 1 1
ccntend with It, nnd they are contend
ing with It today Children are trained
by their parents to fear God I know
II 's omniscient eje used to mnke tre
half craze to fear tl.e devil, to tear
theli parents, their teachers, to fear
almost everybody and everj thing. I
speak f 1 c ni my own experience. My
mother was a splend'd woman, nut
s'11 re'.eved In the mllltaiy discipline,
'C3 nnd l.e goeth,' 'Come and he com
eth 3 wa afraid of her nnd of everj
b dy clfo. Nothing Is so conducive to
luiiiaa happiress and development as
ilbeitj. and chlldieu don't have ha'f
em uc.li a it. I and my sisters vere
rclilcted In our reading. Wo w to
t'otted to tho old Presbj terlan chinch
every Sundaj, and made to listen to a
sermon over an houi long, one! then
we weio trotted home and made to
study tho catechism and read the Hlble
for the lest of the day. Fortunately,
my Hlble had an apocrj pha and I
could read about Hei and the Dragon,
The devil was constantly held up to
us. and neaily eveij day when our
childish spirits bioke loose we weie
told, 'You must surely be a child of the
devil.'
"Peter, nn old colored man, whose
sole business vvas to look after my twi
tlsteis and me, vvaH the only human
brinj, we wero not afraid of. We
gained some freedom thiough him.
Things went on this way until ore
of my sisters man led a Mr. Huyaid,
ct Maine, an uncle of Thomas F Hay
aid, who was ambassador to Englard
under President Cleveland. He had
fn those days very queer Ideas about
training gills, and a good deal of freJ
tem s'lnped Into our home when he
tntued it We never had any chapjr
o'li.g. My father was a Judge of tho
Supremo coutt. and when he'd hold
court we'd 'go along and dine at the
hotel with the lawjeis and spend tl.e
evenings playing chess and dancing
with them. The young have always
had freedom In tho country, so far a3
conduct goes
"Children have more latitude in their
education, reading, nnd amusements
than ftumerlj-, but theie are still a few
foeils left One woman actually said to
mo that tho mothers of today anogato
to themselves the light of counselling
their young sons, by which the sons
find thnt she knows things the very
knowledge of which, to a son's mind,
lowers his Ideal of woman, That's per
fect tommy lot. If theie vvas ever a
time when man had this Ideal of wo
man, how come It that he never re
vealed It in tho laws and constitution,
In religion and theology? How comes
It that she Is a mere subject in the
state, church and homo?
"Did boys ever make confessions to
their fathers? No, nor fathers have
never talked to their sons, I call It tnlk
Ing to a child to sit down and give It
thu baslo pilnclples of life. Neither
mothers or fathers do this. Parents
can't know what thelrchlldren are think
ing about. Where a child has a very
strong desire to do something, unless it
Is actually hurtful, it should be allowed
to do It. I shall never forget an experi
ence I had with my little granddaugh
ter. Her mother had gono to London
on business, nnd alio stood looking at
the colts scampering In the pasture.
Tho rain was pouring In torrents. She
said to me with a sigh:
" 'You don't havo to be a colt to do
that,' said I. 'Come and let me take off
your clothes and you can run In tho
rain all you please,'
cause they are Heed so tight that they
can't pump enough oxygen Into their
lungs. Men don't have to fan. They
are free to breathe In enough air to
keep them cool without fanning,
"The Roentgen rays can show a wo
man, not only straight through her cor
set, but oven through a partition, just
how every bone Is affected by constric
tion It might work a revolution If
every woman could see how she looks
Inside with hercorseton and then with
out It, nnd this npplles to those dear
girls who 'never lace.' Fashion Is nt
the bottom of this evil. As long as
fashion dictates that the small walt Is
pretty women are going to cultivate It
nt the expense of their lungs, hearts,
livers, kldneyj, stomachs, and every
thing else. It ocitalnly speak well for
woman's vitality when one remembers
that the respiration and circulation
hive been Interfered with by stays for
centuries. Man blmply couldn't have
stood tho piessute. There Is no telling
what powers of endurance woman
would develop if she would determine
to cast coisets aside and allow her
waist and chest to develop an the Crea
tor intended that they hould."
A WORB IN SEASON,
In packing away white furs or robes
or children's white clothes for the sum
mer do not foigct to scatter pieces of
white wax among them. It will help
to keep them from turning jellow. A
nice way to roll them In pieces of cot
ton or linen, made very dark with
bluing, before putting them Into their
boxes.
When a dose of unpleasant medicine
Is necessary, particularly with chil
dren, Its disagreeable taste may be al
most wholly concealed If a peppermint
candy is taken Just before the medi
cine. This Is a better plan than tak
ing something after the dose.
A room situated so that It does not
get any direct sunlight, but only re
flected light, may be made more cheer
ful If the walls are covered with a pa
per that has a background of some
delicate yellow shade. The painted
woodwork should bo of a creamy tint
and with jellow India silk or muslin
draperies at the windows, one car
almost Imagine one's self In a room
with a southern exposure.
A coarse mesh wire tray that fits
Into a frjlng pan or spider Is of great
assistance to n cook when frying. On
this fiame nnj thing to be cooked can
be laid and be browned easily as If In
the pan, while any cha'nee of burning
Is avolelcd. The tray should have a
long wire loop handle.
When a carpet comes to bo laid
afresh, the colors aio apt to look some
w hat dingy and certainly not so bright
as vvas expected. To rsmecly this use
a pailful of warm water containing
two or three tablespoonfuls of house
hold ammonia and a soft flannel and
"If you could have seen her. She tore
around like a mad child and came In
crying: 'It's giand to be a colt, grand
mother'' I told her when nobody was
there but she and I that she must tell
me eveiythlng she wanted to do very
much, nnd that I would lot her do It.
She'll bo a much better girl for that
liberty."
"This thing of saying. 'Don't, don't,
don't' to a child doesn't pay. Things
that seem to us unfit for a child aren't
unfit at all. Sometimes It Is a book.
Let the child have It. It won't under
stand It and will skip the unfit parts
as uninteresting. Majbe It Is a plaj
The same truth will hold good. Chil
dren are often overburdened with a
sense of wrong. Anyvvaj-, how are tho
j'oung to meet the dangeis of life utiles
they understand them? If our girls
weio always s-ure of having a good
right arm to lean on until they are safe
on the other side of Jordan It would do
veiy well to treat them like canary
birds. Hut once thrown out on the
wot Id the question confronts them 'Am
I prepared to meet the conditions?'
When Innocence is Ignorance It Is al
most criminal, and genet ally the fault
lies not with the Ignorant one, but with
the parents."
STORIES OF SCHOOLBOYS.
In a lately published biography of Dr.
Haw trey, the famous English school
master, there Is a description of his
unkempt appeal ance and a comment
which has been gieatly quoted. It Is
said that he was scolding for belli-;
late at morning lessons somo boy,
w ho replied that he had no time to
diess. "Hut I can dress In time," said
the doctor. "Yes," answered tho boj,
"but 1 wash."
An Eton head-master known as
"Flogging Keate," finding one m irn
Ing a row of bojs In the study, began
a j usual, to flog them. They were too
terrified at the awful little man to
lemonstrate till he had gone half-wuy
down the row, when one plucked up
courage to falter out: "Please, sir,
we're not up for punishment vvo'ro n
confirmation class!" "Never mind,"
sale Dr. Keate, "I must be fair oil
around und It will do you good." So
he finished them off.
An English schoolboy magazine tells
of Lord Kelvin, who camo out second
wrangler at Cambridge, that he was
s sure of being first that, when tho
results were hung out and he could not
get near for the crowd, he did not ask:
"How do I stand?" but "Who's sec
ond?" The following remarkable physlolngi
cal statement occurred In the examina
tion papers of a schoolboy not long
since: "The human body Is divided
into three parts the head, the chlst
and the stummlck. The head con
tains the jeyes nnd brains, if any. The
chlst contains tho lungs and a piece
of the liver. The stummlck Is devoted
to the bowels, of which there Is five,
a, e, I, o, u, and sometimes w and y. '
.MOUAl. SUASION.
Old Gentleman Do you mean to say
that your teachers never thrash jou?
Llttlo Hoy Never, We havo moral
suasion at our school,
"What's that?"
"Oh, we ket kep' In, and stood up In
corners, and locked out, and locked In,
and made to write one word a thou
sand times and scowled at, and Jaw led
at, and that's all." Buffalo Commercial.
two fresh cloths for rubbing the carpet
dry after it has leen washed with the
first flannel and water. This treatment
will, when the carpet Is quite dry, be
found to give a most effectual renova
tion. Hut it must be remembered that
certain greens will not bear ammonia;
In such cases clear warm water will
freshen and help the carpet very much.
Wooden moulding boards are no
longer used in the up-to-date kitchen.
Marble or plate glass with a rolling
pin of tho t?nme hatd substance has
taken the place of wood. Tho new
boards reeiulre less care to keep them
clean and In proper condition.
A little lemon peel makes a delicious
flavoring for many things, such as
puddings, fruit sauces, croquettes, and
meat pics, and Is one of the things It
Is best to have at hand. When using
the Juice only of lemons save the peel
by rinsing It In clear water and letting
It dry; then grating it nnd putting It
In a glass Jar with a close cover.
Treated thus It is always ready.
An agreeable method of changing the
atmosphere In nn Invalid's room Is to
pour some good eau ele cologne Into a
oup plate and with a lighted match set
fire to It. The cologne will make a
pretty flame and Impait a delightful,
refreshing odor to the aK
Loops for hanging up garments are
always wearing out nnd breaking, par
ticularly with children's cloaks and
coats. To make a stivlccable loop cut
a strip of kid from an old glove, roll
In It a piece of coarse sttlng, and sew
the edges of kid nently together This
loop, fastened securely to a garment,
will stand any amount of pulling with
out wearing or breaking.
"Sugar curls" are a new form of the
old-fashioned sugar cookies. They are
partlculaily attractive to children or
for anv one desirous of a variety. It'oll
the cooky cough out rather thin and
cut Into strips about eight Inches long
and three-quarters of an Inch In width
Spi Inkle them lightly with sugar and
place them In a buttered pan. Hake
them In a eiulck oven to a very delicate
color. When the strips are baked, as
soon ns they can be handled, loll them
around large pencils or sticks and kep
them so until they have cooled. New
Yoik Sun.
a i:riM'iioN.
Little Niece What is polygamy
aunty?
Aunty (Mrs Malaprop) Polygamy if
where men have an ad libertine privi
lege of marrjlng a pleurisy of wives,
when they can't take care of one as
she ought to be. Tld-Blts.
WHY UK WANTKD IT.
"Papa, won't you buy mo a watch?"
"What for, my boy?"
"I want to trade It to Hilly Wiggins
for one of his pups." Puck.
yrcii
London Letter In the Sun.
If It were not for the man who wrote
llrst, what would the man who wrote
second or third or nth do? He would
havo to work things out for himself,
and that, ns eveiy one knows, Is too
much to expect of a man nowadays. So
hall to the man that wrote first. Tho
other writers can copy from htm, and
can refer to him with scoin when any
one finds fault with their facts, or chal
lenges their eraclty in other ways.
Then what the first writer omits, the
becond to the nth writer need not in
sert. It is InterestlnET to notice how
many things are put into the histories
or are kept out of the histories things
that aren't sojust because the first
w 1 Iter made note of them, or left them
out entlrelj'.
It Is this worship of the first writer
that leads the historian of England
(mennlng icallj Great Hrltaln) to wilte
thus about Edward II 's wife, Isabella
of Trance. She, it w ill bo remembered,
was responsible lnigelj for her hus
mand's deposition, and after that
event, say the historians: "The queci
was confined to her own house at Cas
tle Rising, and, though the king paid
her a visit of ceremony once or twice a
year, she was never lelnstated In any
credit or authority. She died in 1337 "
In other words, accotdlng to the his
torians, Isabella sank Into obscurity
and lemalned out of sight for thirty
ycais, at the end of which time she
died, and Inconsequence, was burled,
Trolssart started this history. Hut he
put It lather dlffeiently: "The king,
by the advice of his council, ordered hla
mother to bo confined In a goodly cas
tle, and gave her plenty of ladles to
wait and attend on her, as well as
knights and esquires of honor. He
made her a handsome allowance to
keep and maintain the ttate she had
been used to, but forbade that she
should ever go out or drlvo herself
abroad, except at certain times, when
any shows wero exhibited In tho court
of the castle. Tho quean thus passed
her time there meekly, and the king,
her Fon, visited her twice or thrice a
year." Sir John says the king visited
her twice or thrice a year; tho later
writers have reduced tho number of
lslts to one or two a year.
Hut, as a matter of fact, Queen Isa
bella had a better time than even Frols
sait would suggest, nnd a vastly bet
ter tlmo than his Improvers would al
low. Castlo Rising held tho Queen for
only two years, thereafter she lived nt
Hertford Castle, and the strictness of
her seclusion was relaxed, Hovv,much
It was relaxed Is shown In tho expense
account of the last year of her life, the
manuscript of which Is In the British
Museum. The account also gives an
Idea of the way of life of a great lady
of tGO years ago, and Is Interesting for
that reason, too. Of course, tho old
writers of history scorned to look at
the expense accounts of a household;
such writings were not documents, they
vveie not worthy of so dignified a name;
but, nevertheless, fiere Is Just as good
history in a wash list, sometimes, as
111 a protocol.
Day by day, In tho accounts of Queen
Isabella's household, the names of her
vlsltois are set down. Early In Octo
oer, 3357, 539 years ago, her. Graco (a
queen was not her Maesty In those
days was at Hertford, having jeturned
recently from Castle Hlslng, and with
her was her niece, Princess Joan.
About the middle of October the Queen
, went to Canterbury on a pilgrimage.
i
Wlei Miafly
Gees f heeling
She Should Certainly Know SoiietMiig About Her
New IkSome Questions for Riders.
Trom the Philadelphia Record.
The gill who has wheel fever now
thinks about her new bicycle, and It
Is well to suggest to hei that she talk
over the subject with her friends, both
of the male and female persuasion, who
have been riding for some time. They
havo gained knowledge and points that
It Is Impossible for an Inexperienced
ildor to know. Then when ou havo
your Ideas as to about what you want,
and what Is mqst desirable to have In
a wheel, take some man with jou to
see that ou get Just that. It seems
too bad, but tho dealers are se gllb
tongued that when a woman goes alone
she gets so bewildered she reallj does
not know what she Is buying. After
while she wakes up to the fact that
she has purchased something quite dif
ferent fiom what she wanted. Above
all, see your wheel has the proper size
frame and Is properly adjusted to you
see that you can sit on the saddle with
the ball of the foot on the pedal, and
the leg stretched straight, without hav
ing the snddlepost raised three or foui
Inches above Its socket, see that the
handle-bars are In such a position that
you can grasp them sitting up straight,
without bending over or forw.aid, and
see that the saddle Is far enough for
ward to let qu sit well over the pedal
Of course, women are not supposed
to know ns much as men about the
construction of machines or to be ns
well up In bicycle shop talk; but, bf
our fellow-riders are always Insisting
that women talk nothing else but
wheel Jaigon, and know eiy little
about It, let us be up In a few points
which every woman who lldes a wheel
should know What Is the size of the
wheels on your bicycle? How fnan
tpokes are there In the front wheel'
How mnny In the rear wheel'' What
make Is jour wheel? What kind of
tires has your machine"' Are thej
single or double tube? Whoso make
What Is the width of tread? (The trea l
is that part of the machine measure 1
at the main sprocket from outside t"
outside of tho crank shafts). What
are the sprokets? What are the crank
pins? Is joins a double-bar or single
bar drop frame wheel? Why Is It
called a drop frame? What Is the
number of jour wheel? How many
vr
11
IW
She stopped at Tottenham, London,
Eltham, Dartford, and Ilochestei, vis
ited Leeds castle In Yorkshire, and was
back at Hettford by tho first of No
vember. She stopped a day or two In
London (perhaps to do her full shop
ping), and had her son the King, and
her grandson, the Prince of Wales, to
supp-r with her, and entertained them
with music gavi a little muslcale, we
should say nowadays. The account
sets forth what her Gince paid to her
aitlsts; there were four of them, and
they got U shillings 4 pence. On her
tilp the Queen gave alms to the nuns
intiioi esses without Aldgate; to the lec
tor of St. Edmund's, In whose parish
her London house was situated, and to
the prisoners In Newgate.
In November the Captal do Huche.
cousin of Gaston do ToLx, lslted her
Grace, and a number of French gentle
men, who had been taken prisoner at
Polctlers, "called to pay their respects."
On Feb. 10, 1T17, (tho year began on
Match 25, remember, mcssengeis came
from the King of Navnrie to announce
his escape from captivity. On'Mnr.h
iO the King camo to supper, and In
Apt 11 the Queen went up to London
again.
She vvas there for two weeks, having
friends at dinner, after dinner, and nt
supper, eveiy day. She entertained
them with music probably: for cat Her
In the year she had sent Walter Hert,
one of hei "vlgllcs," or vlol-plijeis, up
to London to take music lessons.
On May 11, Queen Isabella left Lon
don, stopping at Chesthunt the next
day, and on Juno 4 she went agnln on a
pilgrimage to Canteibury. She enter
tained the Abbot of St. Augustine
priory, had music In the evening and
gave alnib and oblations, as usual. Hut
ever since tho middle of February the
queen hnd been unwell; she was neaily
if not quite seventy yeiais old, and her
mode of life In her jounger daj's had
nut been such as to Justify her In ex
pecting to live to that age. On rob
15 a messenger made hl3 third trip to
London for medicine, and Master Law -rence,
a physician, had been sent twice
to St. AlbatiS evidently to get medl
clno In a hunj for ho went by night.
On August 1, Master Lawience re
ceived 40 shillings for his attendance
for a whole month, and Nicholas
Thomasyer, apothecary, received his
pay for medicines supplied. And on
August 23, the queen died rather sud
denly at the last, with her niece, the
Princess Joan by her side.
Tho body of tho queen remained In
tho chapel of tha castle for thiee
months, watched by fourteen poor per
sons day and night; each of theso
watchera iceelveel two pence? a day and
his food. On November 23 tho queen
was bulled In the Church of the Uiey
Friars, NevvgrUe, tl.o site of Chi 1st
Chuich hospital. And her son, the king,
dlsti United 540 (equal to about 5,400,
or say $27,000 of our present money) to
her lalthful seivants,
Hestdes tho notices of her Journejs
and her guests, the account shows how
the quern lived. In about thirteen
months. Bhc had civ en nvvay In alms
nearly 300 (about i.3,000 of our
money ) Foor scholars at Oxford came
to Ilcitford to ask tho queen's help
and got It, and the queen gave away In
doles nearly 2 a week, about 20 of
the present money. She remembered
her fi lends, too; for, after her death,
one William Laddo of Sheno rccelveel 20
shillings 10 or $50) because his house,
had been burned while the queen had
My
paits of a blcyclo can you enumer
ate? Try and see how mnny of theso
questions you can ansvv er. Plnel out
tho others, If possible, for It Is a good
plan to have a written list of this kind
to help Identify your bicycle in case of
nccldent.
There are few changes noted In tha
blcjcle nttlre for men this season, In
stead of having the suit all nllke; that
Is, cap, trousers and coat made of tha
same kind of cloth, the trousers will be
mnde of largo blown plaid, with cap to
match, while the coat will bo much
darker, In plain or slightly plain mixed
goods. As tho season advnnccs and It
glows warmer, white duck trousers,
with single er double-breasted bluo
serge coat, will be universally adopted.
Tho more conseivatlvc will wear a bluo
cloth cap of the regulation shape, while
those who like novelty will don the
round, white duck hat, with curled-up
ilm, that a,s so popular last jear.
The trouscib this year aie one and all
finished with golf extensions and ate
quite a little nai rower. The golf hose,
In gay plaid nnd blight colors, still ob
tnliib, and may be rolled over the golf
extension or buttoned down over them
as taste dictates. The latter stjlo
makes the leg look neater, nnd Is,
therefore.recommendlng Itself to many.
It seems a most Imprudent thing for
a woman rider to llde a wheel without
a brake, especially when &he Is Inex
perienced, and Is not as jet an adept
at holding back and back pedaling go
ing down-hill. One reason a brake"Ts
tabooed Is because It is rather unslght
! when attacl ed to the handle-bar,
The very, latest one does away with
this, and really Is the nicest-looking
one on the market, besides being quite
practicable. Jt Is a series of colls run
through ' the handle-bar and down
thiough the head of the machine; Im
mediately abee tho biake shoe Is a
heavy spring in the Inside of the frame.
Hy turning tho grip a pressure Is
'nought to bear on the spring nil tho
vuy down, which forces tho shoe that
ui-eees the tlic, to operate just like an
ordlnaiy brake. The shoe-plate Is just
the same as usual, and Is the only part
Islble.
i
been in Rhene, and she had left word
that ho should receive this amount.
Caipenters, plasterers, and tilers
were at work around Hertford Castle
and made repairs to tho queen's room.
Her Grace's carpet was rebound, her
chariot rellned with colored cloth, her
bathtub vvas repaired (probably It
needed repainting, most bathtubs do);
she laid In a supply of vellum, hired
Hlchard the Painter to Illuminate somo
books for her; repaid the Earl of Arun
del 200 which she had borrowed;
bought a black palfrey and gave it
with a gold-mounted saddle and trap
pings to her daughter, the queen of
Scotland, and paid for two mules
which Louis do Hocan, merchant, of
the Society of Maleballl in London,
vvas to bring her fiom Avignon. The
mules were delivered to her agent after
her death, and King Edward HI. re
ceived them ultlmatelj.
The queen spent n good deal moro
money on her Jewelry than on her
alms, as most persons do. In the last
year of her life she spent no less than
1,100, equal to about 14,000 of tho
piesent cuirency, or rather mbre than
$70,000. She bought 300 rubles at 20
pence a hundred, 1.S00 pearls at 2 pence
each, and other things at equally as
tonishing pi Ices, and In equally aston
ishing quantities. She also lent a llt
tlo money out on promissory notes,
when she saw a good chance; for In
stance, 230 (ten times ns much to
day), sent to Sir Ihomas de la Match.
Charles of Navatie, as noted above,
sent woid of his escape. Evidently
Queen Isabella was still connected with
the game of politics being played In
Fiance; perhaps she sent somo of her
money and Jewels to help her grand
nephew of Navarro In IUh fight against
her second cousin, King John of
France. She was a great lady to tho
last, and like a great lady, lecelved
many little tokens of regaid. King
Edward sent his butler to her, with
letters and three pipes of wine; later
ho sent thieo pipes of Gascon wine,
and then some small birds; the Kins
of France sent a piesent, and the queen
sent back two volumes of "Lancelot
and the Sang Heal," tho duke of Lan
caster sent to the queen, who vvas
his fit st cousin once removed, a boar's
head. Wilson Orloger, the St. Albans;
monk who made clocks, brought her
several copper quadrants; the countess
of Claro sent twentj-four bteam, and
on New Yeai's Daj March 25, 1848,
the king, Queen Phlllppa, the countess
of Pembroke, and Lady Wake all sent
presents to Queen Isabelln.
That same day she gave 100 shillings
to each of her eight ladles (that is,
50, or $250), nnd 20 shillings ($50) to
each of her thirty-three clerks and
'seiultes, and when Isabella elo St. Hoi,
one of her ladles, married Edward
Uiouart, tho queen spent $3,000 for a
circlet of gold for herself to wear, and
gae the fair brldo $3,300 as a wed
ding prerent.
Altogether, If Queen Isabella's early
dajs had not been thoroughly ellfy
Ing, her latter days were passed us a
sort of Lady Hountlful in dignified but
not forgotten retirement.
Quniut mid St) IUh Chokers.
A pretty choker Is made of a scarf of
tullo or lace, tying In a large bow be
hind, with a rounded velvet pieeo turn
ing down In front, flat against tho
choker. Square tabs aro also used, but
they should bo turned down and fast
ened to the choker and not be allowed
to stand out, as heretofore.
35?.
;.aA s.t-m.
j - u .