THE SORAKa'ON TRIBUNE SATURDAY arOTCNTNGr, MARCII 20, 1897.
THE NEWEST THING
INELECTRICITY
The Important Discovery ot an Italian
Savant In London.
HE F0(JND A NEW' KiND' OtP ENERQV
A Species of Waves Thnt Can Ito Used
To Send Mussnges Through Thick
YVnlls--Coiijocturos About Urn in
Wiivus--Are We on llio Vcrgo of a
Uuvoliition in the World ol'Sclniicot
From tho Now York Tribune.
Within the Inst few months the
scientific world has been gradually
waking up to tho Immense possibilities
of a recent discovery by a young Ital
ian named Murconl, who lives In Lon
don. This discovery promises not only
to develop a practical usefulness equal
oc-superlor to thut of Itontgen's.whloh
it resembles In somo respects, but also
to give fresh stimulus to a variety of
fascinating nnd fruitful researches In
other directions. The radiance which
the Bavarian professor found, It will
be rpinembered, Is Invisible, and will
penetrate many opaque- substances,
and yet possesses some of the proper
ties of ordinary light. That Is to say,
It prpd.uces photographs, -and It will
become luminous when It falls on a
certain class of substance called
"lluorescent." "What Marconi has dis
covered Is n form of energy which must
be called "electric waves" at present,
and which was ttt first confounded with
the so-cajled "Hertzian" waves, but
now proves to bo quite different.
As' long -ago 'as' last autumn Mr.
Preece, chief electrician of the Urltlsh
postal service, made a brief public an
nouncement of Marconi's exuerlments
in vtulegraphy Without wires by an en
tirely new system. In tne March num
ber qf Module's Magazine, however,
further details are supplied: and while
both the scientific and non-sclentlllc
reader are left in tantalizing suspense
in regard to the mechanism employed
and some of the processes involved,
additional light is thrown on a sub
ject Which is destined in the near fu
ture to command the rapt attention of
all who are Interested In the mysteri
ous phenomena of ether waves. The
effect of this young Italian's re
searches Is sure to be far reaching.
OUTSIDE A CONDUCTOR.
"WIipii electricity passes along a cop
per wire without Interruption, It per
vades the whole of the conductor from
surface to centre. Hut when by any
means the current Is made to alter
nate to and fro with great frequency,
It confines Itself to the surface. Some
thing more happens, too. It Is now be
lieved that each time that an electric
current begins to How In a material
conductor, what is called an "electro
magnetic field" Is created around It;
that Is to say, a sort of strain Is set
up in either Immediately surrounding
It. As soon as tho curent ceases, this
strain Is relaxed, and the "Hie" ceases
to exist. It may be imagined that. In
one case, an infinite series of tiny rings
of force are made from the surface; In
the other case, that these rings shrink
down simultaneously Into nothingness.
But if the alternations of current In the
wire be very rapid (20,000, 100,000 or
1,000,000 to the second), then the forma
tion of these rings of force occurs with
equal frequency and greater abrupt
ness. Thus, waves are excited which
proceed, outwardly from the conductor
equally in all directions, like the rip
ples on water when a stone is dropped
in. Some of the energy Hung off side
ways from the conductor never returns.
This electro-magnetic radiance, which
is an entirely distinct thl" g- from what
goes on In the wire ltsi ., or at Its ends,
was made the subject of Investigation
by the late Henrlch Hertz, of Bonn.
The brilliant results of his work pro
voked unbounded delight among phy
sicians, and lent peculiar bitterness to
the grief to which his early death gave
rise.
Here Is a curious discrepancy In the
accounts of Hertz's work. In some
places ho Is represented as experiment
ing with currei.ts having 100,000,000 al
ternations per second, while elsewhere
he Is said to have devised apparatus
which cave him 500,000,000,000 waves a
second. The number, however, Is Im
material for present purposes. The
great discovery which he made was
that he could retract these waves by a
peculiar prism, could reflect them and
make them exhibit what are called the
"Interference" and "polarization" phe
nomena of light. He also discovered
that these waves or rays travelled with
the velocity of light. His conclusions
have been genemlly received by the
leading scientific, authorities of the day.
HERTZ'S EXPERIMENTS.
Now, Hertz would set up exceedingly
rapid surgings of current in one me
tallic conductor and then place a second
conduotor at a distance from It In what
was found to be an advantageous posi
tion. The magnetic waves thrown off
laterally from the primary conductor
through space would be caught, by the
secondary, and could be mude to mani
fest themselves In various ways. The
highest success was obtulned, however,
wlien the secondary wus "tuned" so oa
tj respond; that Is to say, it was espec
ially designed to vibrate more naturully
at 'the same rate as the radiance from
tho primary wire than ut any other fre
quency1. When Marconi's experiments were
first reported, it was said that his
waves were the same as those with
which the name of the great Bonn In
vestigator 1b so closely associated He
may have believed it himself at first.
And It was supposed, therefore, that
his receiver was a tuned "resonator"
of the Hertz pattern. But the inter
esting interview which McClure's
Maguzlne now prints indicates that a
different kind of radiance Is Involved
I' or instance., he says that In future he
will nbundon the use ot the parabolic
mirror hitherto employed to focus tho
rays a a searchlight does. He Is now
satisfied that It .would be of -no' value
Nor, at present, does he know of any
k)nd of lens that would perform the
v"I?,L' .','f concentration. He evinces
nope thai invention may yet find u
way to stop progress in all other dlrec
tlqns. mid compel the waves all to go
in one a hlghlj" desirable consumma
tion In practical. telegraphy. But thus
far, his rays do not seem to be sus
ceptible of reflection or refraction, like
light and the Hertzian waves. More
over, Marconi nays that the radiance
which he employs has a higher pene
trative power than that of Hertz. Hi!
believes that It Will go through any
thing and everything. The rate of al
ternation he used Was L'50,000,000 per
second, hut he experimented with
waves of different lengths, from thirty
metres (or 100 feet) down to ten inches.
"WHAT MACARONI HAS DQNE.
Now, what has Macaroni actually
done thus far? Well, with a very mod
eat battery (of eight vots and three urn-
peres), and with his transmitter and re
ceiver placed over COO feet npart.'Jie,
sent n message through soVen or plght
solid stone walls' In the -general post
ofllce building In London. Another dis
patch wni sent a mile and three-quarters,
across Salisbury Plain, with the
samo nparatus and without any con
necting Wire. Macaroni tells his Inter
viewer thai ho believes that with prop
er Instruments a message could bo sent
through four miles of city buildings
und, perhaps; twenty. Indeed, he Is
not willing to declare transmission from
London to Now York impossible, al
though at present ho does not see his
way clear to accomplish such a feat.
Incidentally, It may be remarked thnt
so long ns the Macaroni radiance Is
permitted to spread equally In all di
rections from the generator, like light
from a lamp, It would be possible for
anybody to pick up a message tele
graphed by tho news system, If he only
knew thq exact rate of vibrations em
ployed and had a receiver precisely
tuned thereto. There would seem to
be some difficulty, therefore, about
maintaining that secrecy which Is usu
ally desirable In telegraphic corr-spondenco.-
But this dllllculty can
probably be overcome.
Apart from the practical uses to
which the discoveries of Rontgen and
Marconi muy be put, their work derives
Interest from recent speculations upon
the possibility of human thought and
feeling being transferred to a distance
by modes with which we have not
hitherto been fumlllar. Curiously
enough, In combination with Its Inter
view with Marconi, McClure's Maga
zine prints another with a Hindoo
scientist, Dr. Jagadls Chunder Bose,
who has not only conducted some ex
periments like the Italian's, but has
considered the chance that impulses
may be sent from one brain to another
over long distances in the form of
etherlc waves. He declines to talk for
publication on this point, although
confessing that he 'entertains positive
opinions relative thereto, llowover,
William Crookes, the eminent British
chemist nniV newly Sleeted president of
the Society for Psychical Resenrch.was
more outspoken In his recent Inaugural
address in Loudon. The suggestions
which he offered In regard to. '.'brain
waves," while' by no means new,, and
though received with favor by a com
paratively limited class as yet, are
wonderruily attractive to people pos
sessed of Imagination.
DIFFERENT WAVE VELOCITIES.
Every one who -has given any atten
tion to the phenomena of sound, heat
and light Is aware that the first-named
form of energy Is propagated through
ponderable matter In waves ranging
In number from 32 -to 40,000 per second.
Light, It Is now generally believed, con
sits of undulations numbering from 400
trillion (at the red end of tho spectrum)
to 800 trillion (lit the violet end). These
waves are transmitted through a hypo
thetical weightless medium which the
physicists are practically agreed in
supposing to JlHull space between the
stars, and to pervade all matter. Ifeat
Is believed to be represented by a set
of vibrations ohly a trifle slower than
those of light, say from 35 trillions to
400 trillions a second In frequency. Be
low this point In the scale there is an
enormous gap of possibilities, broken,
so far as we know, only by the various
grades of electric waves here referred
to, and covering an exceedingly small
fraction ot the' Interval. Then, again,
there are still more rapid oscillations
than any yet mentioned. An eye at the
spectroscope can perceive nothing be
yond the violet. But the camera ex
tends the spectrum to about twice its
visible length' In this direction. Crookes,
still treutlhg the waves thus registered
as light, says that we know of vibra
tions reaching a frequency of 1,875 tril
lions a second, and asks how much
further we may go. Then comes the
profoundly absorbing question: What
other phenomena, of which we mortals
are now, or may some time, be, con
scious, are represented by the un
known regions here hinted at, in the
scale of etherlc vibration?
DOES IT EXPLAIN TELEPATHY?
Of late years much has been heard
of "telepathy," "thought transference"
and kindred Interchanges of feeling
and Idea by a mysterious process. Are
these genuine experiences? And are
they explained by ether waves at high
er frequency than any yet known? Mr.
Crookes believes both of these proposi
tions credible, although not yet demon
strated. The vibrations might be re
garded as not susceptible to either re
fraction or reflection, and traveling In
stral ht lines through a'ny kind of mat
ter lth ease. The hypothesis Is In
volved In more than one difficulty, and
a vast amount pf research Is yet nec
essary to Its confirmation. In this con
nection the following passage, from a
note to the Electrical Engineer, rela
tive to Mr. Crookes's Ideas, may prop
erly be quoted, with the prefatory re
mark that the author Is a well known
authority' in electrical science. Ho
says:
"It Is very improbable, as I pointed
out long ago, that brain action Is un
accompanied by wave disturbances In
the ether. It Is only a question as to
their Intensity and capability of awak
ening thought in a recipient brain.
This, as I understand it, is the real
question at Issue; not whether there
be brain waves, but whether they bo
capable of accounting for the pheno
mena of telepathy. I still see no rea
son to change my opinion as to the
possibility of this action."
NO VUKTIIUIt I.VTEIUIUPTIOX.
Says the Rev. Dr. F. W. Qunsaulus:
"I heard Wendell Phillips make an anti
slavery speech once. I was then a boy
of G years. My futher took mo up, put
me on the saddle borore him and we rode
eight miles into Philadelphia to hear that
speech. -My father was determined that
I should not lose (hat opportunity of see
ing and hearing tho great orator. I re
member the occasion as distinctly as
though It were but yesterday. The hull
was densely crowded and there was great
excitement. Wendell Phillips mude a ter
rlllc arraignment of slavery und the
slave-holder. In tho midst of It a clergy,
man of distinguished bearing arose among
tho auditors und addressing Phillips said:
'Sir, If you really believe these things you
uie saying, why don't you go south and
eay them?'
"The stillness that followed this perti
nent question was so profound U3 to be
actunlly felt. The var-t .audience held Its
breath for Phillips to answer that question.-which
meant much Just then. Phil
lips was equal to the occasion. With an
unmoved countenance, but in a stern
voice, so clear ns to be heard In every
part of that largo hall, he answered:
" 'And you, sir you profess to save
souls from hell why don't you go to hell
to save them?'
"There was no reply there could be no
reply, Tho clergymun sat down and ven.
tured no further Interruption." Chicago
Record.
Household Repartee.
Tho lady was making .some romnrK
about the kind of clothM some other in
dies at church had on, when her husband
remarked:
"The finest garment a woman can wear
Is tho mantle of charity.'1
"Yes," Bho snapped, "and it's about the
only ono some husbands want their wives
to wear." London Tld-blts.
TO DEDICATE A
T0M& FOR GRANT
An Elaborate Ceremony Soon to Take
Place In New York City.
ARRANQEA1ENTS k THUS FAR MADE
The Pnrndo Expected to Ho Ono of
tho (iroutcst of Modern Times.
.11 any Distinguished (Suosts to lie
Present.-Tho Exorcises, in River
side Drive.
New York, March 10. The next anni
versary of tho birth of General Orant
will bo a day long to be remembered by
the residents of New York city and
their guests. On that day the Orant
monument wll be dedicated, and the
pomp and ceremony of the occasion
will mark the closing scone In a pa
triotic movement which, Will always live
to the credit of the people of New York.
On April 27 the city will take formal
THE GRANT
possession of the monument which
many artists have pronounced the most
Impressive tomb In the world, not even
excepting the mausoleum In St. Peters
burg over the tomb of Peter the Great,
the Kaiser Wllhehn Denkmal or the
Prince Consort's monument in Hyde
'Purk.
The gigantic Doric monument which
stands at the upper end of Riverside
drive has not only location and archi
tectural features In Its favor, but It
typlfles true Americanism, as Grunt,
springing from seven generations of
ancestors born on American -soil, was
a typical representative of American
tinlning and American institutions.
The money for its erection came from
the people by voluntary contribution
and In sums ranging from a fraction ot
a dollar to thousands. It came from
men who had fought with tho hero of
Appomattox and from widows and or
phans whose husbands and fathers
had fallen In the cause. It came from
the banking house and tho workshop,
from the church and the school, and
In hundreds of cases from people who
asked that their names be omitted from
the lists. All grades of society, all sects,
creeds and denominations contributed
toward the work, and while the object
was to provide a resting place for the
remains of General Grant, that and a
higher .object was accomplished; for as
long ns the monument shall stand to
please the eye and Inspire those who
look upon It with awe and reverence It
will symbolize the appreciation of the
people of New York for the services of
their illustrious fellow citizen.
GOTHAM CHOSEN.
General Grant was a citizen of New
York when disease laid a heavy hand
upon him, but still, when the news
came from Mount McGregor on July 23,
1885, that the victor had been van
quished and that the sturdy soldier had
passed away, many municipalities
asked that his body be intrusted to
their care and that they might erect a
sepulchre of Httlng magnitude. Wash
ington was flrst In line. There Grant
had stood by the side of Lincoln to re
view his victorious troops there he
had looked upon them as they tramped
down the board avenue thousands
upon thousands, bronzed and burned by
the southern sun, yet bearing aloft with
pride the bullet-riddled battle Hags
which they had carried to victory.
There, In Washington, he had acted as
secretary of war at a critical period In
the life of the nutlon, and there he had
rounded off Ids remarkable career as
president. West Point, where he had
received his education, and where the
seeds were sown which In later years
bore fruit In his greatness, advanced a
claim for the mortal remains, which
many thought should have been laid
near the historic academy. Chicago,
where the general had hosts of friends,
wanted the honor of housing all that
was earthly of Grant, and St. Louis
and Galena felt that they also had
rights In the matter.
But the city of New York offered the
site on" the river front, the family
thought well of It, accepted the propo
sition, and ten days after the end had
come In the little mountain cottage,
amid strains of muffled martial music,
between miles of dense masses pf si
lent mourners the body of General
Grant wus borne to the temporary
tomb near the spot where the monu
ment now stands.
COLLECTING FUNDS.
A committee was organized to raise
funds for the purpose of placing a suit
able monument on the site, and In the
course of a few yeurs about $150,000
was subscribed, but then, possibly be
cause the proper methods were not em
ployed, subscriptions ceased, and In
1892 some people expressed doubts us
to the possibility of raising the sum
necessary to erect a structure on the
scale originally contemplated,' About
this time, nt the request of the vari
ous military bodies of which he was a
member, and because of his having
lieen a member of Generijl Grant's
staff, General Horace Porter was
chosen chairman of the Grant Monu
ment committee, and within sixty
days, under his energetic nnd well
directed work, the fund had grown to
$000,000 and the monument was an as
sured fact.
Plans had been made by J. H. Dun
can, and the original designs have been
only slightly modlHed or changed. A
careful study had been made of nil
similar buildings, with a View to avoid
ing their shortcomings, The work
proceeded steadily, the officers of the.
committee' gave much of their time to
the cause, although not one cent of the
fund was paid either for rent or olerk
hire, nnd It Is believed that much of
tho actual work on tho monument has
been done for less than post.
Although the monument In its nred.
jont condition one us beautiful and
--:, vr
chaste, It will be more attractive when
the historical and symbolical sculpture
has been uflded, for which places have
been provided. (
HAPPILY PLACED.
While there may be some doubt as to
the architectural superiority ot thn
Cliant monument, there can be none ns
to its situation, and there Is probably
no public building .unywhrre to for
tunately placed. From tho eastern por
tico thero Is a view upon St, Luke's
hospital and Columbia university and
near these, within the Held ot vision,
Manhattan college and tho Monteilore
Homo and many row.? of lino houses.
On the noith, from a similar portico,
over tho little temporary tomb, ornn
mented with a Grand Army badge and
n flag, cno sees tho panorama ot tho
Hulson and tho Palisades, which rises
lrom Its bnnks. From the west side
the- river view Is more extended, and
ono sees also the fringe of park which
stretches like a mottled carpet between
the asphalt walk nnd driveway and the
bank which sinks 130 feet sheer to tho
water's edge.
An esplanade extends toward tlio
south from the only visible entrance to
the tomb, and as the visitor approaches
It from that side he confronts the monu-
MAUSOLEUM.
ment's only inscription. Betwaen two
redlining figures over the Doric portico
Is a tablet on which Is cut In severely
plain letters Grant's characteristic say
ing, "Let us have peace," and It has
been said that the choice of that In
scription ever the portals of tho silent
house wus one of the triumph's of the
builder.
DEDICATION PROGRAMME.
At the dedication ceremonies General
Horace Porter, who was a conspicuous
figuie when the cornerstone wus laid
on March 20, 1S02, and who did more
than any other one man toward the
ereution of the memorial, will dPllver
an oration, und op behalf of the Citi
zens' committee will hand the. build
ing over to tho mayor of the city.
There will be a monster parade, in
which all organizations will be repre
sented, and nntlonal, state and munici
pal authorities will witness the scene.
The president of the United Siatos,
the vice-president and members of the
cabinet, the justices of the Supreme
court, the members of the diplomatic
corps and the senators and represent
atives In congress have been Invited.
Tho major-general commanding the
United States army and the retired
commander, General SchoOeld, and the
highest olilcers in the "navy, have also
been asked to be present. The govern
nors of many of the states will come
with their military staffs, and it Is ex
pected that the entire National Guard
of the state of New York will be mobil
ized for the occasion, and will act as
escort to the Grand Army of tho Re
public, Loyal Legion and other patri
otic organizations.
A member of the committee. In
speaking of the proposed parade, said:
"It Is too early to make an estimate
as .to numbers, but It Is safe to say
that the occasion will bring together
a body of men such as has never been
marshalled In New York, and, with the
possible exception of the ceremonies in
France, when the First Napoleon was
broueht from St. Helena, there has
been nothing to equal it In modern
times."
G.1LVESTOX, TEXAS.
Its Wonderful Growth Under the
Stimulus of Harbor Improvements.
Writing in the Plttston Gazette of a
recent trip to exas and the south, Hon.
heodore Hart says: he writer found
much In Galveston that specially In
terested him, in notlng'the marvelous
changes since he flrst visited the city
a quarter Of a century ago. While the
population had Increased from 15,000 to
60,000, the growth In other directions
was even more marked, betokening the
laying of strong foundations for ' a
greater future.
Galveston. Is likely to long continue
'the principal seapprt 'of Texas. It. Is
already tile fifth exporting city In the
United States and claims, to be the
third richest, according t'o!'populatlon.
Theie was no railway line connectlnsr
Texas with the other states twenty
five years ago. and the Mallory steam
ship line was the popular route for
passenger traffic betwe'en New ork and
Galveston. These vessels, In passing
over the bars that then obstructed the
gulf entrance to Galveston harbor,
which is a bay between the Island and
tho mainland, would frequently drag
on the bottom, as there was only from
nine to twelve feet of water In the
channel '(it high tide, ho ettles con
structed by the federal government at
a cost of some $7,000,000, have wonder
fuljly Imnroved the channel. A year
ago the government surveys showed a
depth of 21 feet of water and now
there are 26 feet sufficient to permit
the passage of ocean vessels of the
heaviest draught.
The Importance of this Improvement
may be Judged from the fact that dur
ing tho past year the first-of deep
water tho export business of the cltv
increased CO per cent, he railroad fa
cilities have also kept pace with the
progress of tho city along other lines,
and three trunk systems here find nn
outlet to tho sea, while t.o other roads
running Into tho island city promise
to become parts of trunk lines.
The Millennium.
When sermons are ten minutes long nnd
never stale or flat:
Whpn congregations rise and pay before
they pass the- hat; -'
Vvhen silver Jlnglos everywhere and banks
4 qo nut to smash;
When the bill collectors are to spare and
, p(Jplo buy for cash:
When' 'politicians . Join tho church anil
cense to plot and jdarti
When there are ' fifty ' oillces to every
ulpfsed man;
Then will tho great millennium dawn
brightly, but alas I
You'll die while you are waiting for these
things to come to pass!
Atlanta- Constitution.
WHAT TESLA WILL
ACCOMPLISH NEXT
lie Now Proposes, ns It Were, to Harness
the Qlobc.
GREAT STRIDES IN ELECTRICITY
Tho Wizard of Electrical Science litis
Some Ambitions Thnt Almilst Take
One's lircuth Awuy.-llopes to
Telegraph to tho Planets and Hitch
a. Telephone to n Huy of Light.
Writing In Leslie's Weekly about tho
wizard ot electricity, Nikola Tosln, V.
F. St. Clair says: Tills revolving globe
generates every moment enough elec
tricity, if It could bo stored In batteries,
to run all the machinery of the world
for the bulunco of time. At the North
Polo this electricity streams oil' In botr-u-tiful
red ribbons called the auroras,
and we sea this phenomenon on account
of the highly wltonuatod condition of
tho titmusphere. But everywhere, as
lilgh as the air reaches, around this
earth Is this Immense wealth of nature,
yet man, In his bllndnebs and punlness,
continues to manufacture with his lit
tle dynaii-os What nature lias placed
before him In such ubundunce. Ho does
not need to manufacture another spark;
he needs otdy to use an Infinitesimal
fraction of whnt Is already made and
the world of intelligence will become a
whispering gallery, ujul the world of his
machinery will move In its appointed
motion out of the forces of the Invisible
ulr.
For more than ten years scientists
hitve known thut man was wasting his
ttmo'and energy burning coal and wood,
denuding his forests, impoverishing his
soil, and blackening the air of his cities,
and then, with all his boasted speed, to
move comparatively as a cripple. A
few of thenvknew this, and one of them,
Nikola Teala, was bold enough to say
that he could ohango all this. Well, It
hasn't yet been changed, but while I
Was In his laboratory the other day
ho looked up from one of his machines
with the confidence of Archimedes light
ing his face. "I have found the way of
my dream nnd will soon show It to
tho world." Mr. Tesln.as Is well known,
has, Immersed Niagara and now he Is
ready to harness the globe.
TESLA'S OSCILLATOR.
A few hundred feet In the air, just
above what Is known. as the magnetic
disturbance of the earth's, surface, the
electric waves run In long, Btralght
lines. They are called the Hertlzlan
waves, after young Hertz, their discov
erer. These waves are, In fact, found
everywhere In the air, but up there
they can be used without the danger of
local dlstui banco, and Mr. Tesla. has,
by a-long series of experiments, learned
to take bold of them and (lash a light
precisely as a sunbeam Is Hashed from
a mirror. He has also learned to throw
the electric energy of these waves Into
a battery and turn a distant machine
connected with this battery by a wire.
Mr. Tesla has a machine In his labor
atory, that he calls an oscillator, that
generates these waves and projects
them Into the atmosphere just as nature
does. With this oscillator he has suc
ceeded In making every calculation nec
essary to flash a message without n wire
to any part ot the earth, or to take
the electric waves generated by the
great power of Niagara and grind
wheat in Aregentlna, or run the trolley
cars In Sydney. This is no longer spec
ulation, but science, and with time and
capital such a gigantic scale will be re
alized. What Is necessary to build here and
there, on the high points of the earth,
tall towers and put Into the tops of
these towers machines to gather and
focus these waves, just as tho mirror
gathers and focuses the sunbeams. Mr.
Tesla s'aid to me that, with a tower
tall enough and with machines big
enough, he could send a message from
New York to London without a wire,
but for transmitting electric energy for
running machinery at this distance it
would require a series of towers. But
there will never be any necessity for
running machinery at that long dis
tance from the source of energy. It is
over long distances that we want to tel
egraph'. With such a station at New
York not only could we talk to Eu
rope without wires, but every ship on
the Atlantic could communicate with
us, and assistance could be rendered to
any one of them In distress. The seas
would bo robbed of over half their ter
rors. But this means of communication
would render It Impossible for a. few
persons to conceal Important informa
tion long enough to take advantage of
the public. Every financial panic has
had its origin In the way the telegraph
or cable news has been concealed, but
a tall tower Hashing Its messages on
the city would protect the public and
would immensely help nations to read
ily understand each other in an inter
national crisis threatening war.
LIGHT AND SOUND.
It Is now known that light Is sound
carried to a point of vibration beyond
hearing. There are scientists, und
among them Mr. Tesla; who believe
that the two teims may be convertible
that Is to say, that we might take a
sunbeam and so graduate It down as
to hoar something ot the terrific storms
that are constantly sweeping over thnt
luminary. So It may not be Impossible
to attach the telephone and phonograph
to these waves that may be made to
blink around the globe as tho winking
diamonds In the girdle of a woman's
waist. If we ever talk and sing across
tho wide seas this Is possibly the only
way, for It should be understood that
wires can bo distributed from these high
stations Into every house. '
Mr. Tesla has gone so far ns to say
that it ia possible to communicate with
other planets of our system by throwing
gigantic letters with these tall-tower
lights on the face ot the earth. This
Is downright dreaming, and hero we
part company with this great artist of
science, m
DON EUIi.IO CASTELAU.
Spnin's Greatest Statesman Pays
Compliments to the United States.
Thero 13 the possibility some per
sons think the probability of a revo
lution in Spain which would replace
the present monarchy by a republic.
In that case the republic's president
would unquestionably be Don Emllto
Castelnr, president of the former
short-lived Spanish republic, nnd
Spain's greatest orator und statesman.
It will bo Interesting, therefore, to
lKtrn Senor Custelur's opinions on the
present dlflleultles of Spain. In an in
terview with a representative of Les
lie's Weekly he recently said:
"I have been made by the nmvspn
pers the senfatlonal newspapers, hero
und abroad to say a great many
things which I never said about Hip
4,nlted StateB. Ah. these sensational
newspapers nro another plague of this
end of. our century, Why, Spain Is
positively governed by three newspa-
4uJ5S(gl uSyJj-JjSS'y J
$ttofi&&y
ChicaoOI J?
Cleanlieivthan lard and more healthful.
Genuine Cottolono Is sold every whero with trade marks "Cottotcnc" nnd
iteer't head in cotton-plant wreath on every tlu.
' . htiiulsomcly lllbstriitertV'IIMfiifVnriiJrti'cf unlquoilcilKn, for 1R07, contftlnlni: Three
Ilundrccl nnd Slxtytllvo .Selected Krclprn liy tho best kunwn teachm or nnd writers on
cookery. Will bo sent bu receipt at this Advertisement und six cents In stamps.-
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY, Chicago, III. t
tiers, which have more inlluence over
the government thun all the senators
and deputies put together.
"This I have to say about your coun
try, und I want It to "be welt under
stood: I admire It beyond expression.
It Is tho country that has given liberty
to the world und freedom to mankind.
Without tho United States, liberty,
freedom, republicanism, democtney
would be mere words. IT civilization
has reached the glorious summit where
we see It today It Is due mainly to
what your country undertook in tho
last century and, has accomplished
since. I trust the good sense of your
people. 1 have boundless confidence In
them. For this reason I have always
laughed at the lcin of a wur with the
United States'. No, no; it could not be
possible. 1 say, as I have said all
tho time, Lot Spain do right In Cuba:
let us give the Cuban autonomy and
all kinds of liberties, and the United
States government will ask for no
more."
"What would you suggest to brine
tho wur to an end?"
"Give the. Cubans the reforms they
want give them autonomy!"
GLASGOW'S EXPANSES.
They Aro Small When Contrasted
with Those of an American City but
There Are llcasons for the Differ
ence. From the Philadelphia Press.
Glasgow, Scotland, hereafter will levy
no taxes on Its citizens because it will
have a sufficient revenue from Its public
works. This, says an American news
paper, "furnishes a striking object les
son to American cities." ,
It does when all tho facts are stated,
not before. Most Americans who read
of the success of Glasgow In raising a
revenue from Its public works Imagine
that Glasgow has to pay for ull that an
American city does and on the sailie
scale. If It did Glasgow would be bank
rupt. Tn an American city the schools
are paid for by tho city, and In addition
local taxation contributes a round sum
to tho support of rural public schools.
In Glasgow two-thirds the cost ot the
schools are pnld by the Imperial treas
ury. In 1SB0 out of $0,200,000 spent on
schools In Scotland $4,400,000 came from
London. If Philadelphia was In Glas
gow's place this city would be getting
some $2,000,000 a year from Washington.
Half the Glasgow police force Is paid
for In the same way. Its technical
schools, or, as we should Eay, manual
training hlih schools, are supported in
the same convenient fashion. Tho
Glasgow Judlclary.outslde of local crim
inal courts, mere police courts, are paid
by tho central government. Glasgow
has no local Judges, the judiciary of
Scotland being an Imperial charge,
CONTRASTING FIGURES.
Philadelphia would have pretty light
taxes on this basis. In 1SBG this city
had, outside of realty taxes, a revenue
of $10,S31,BS1. This left $13,177,823 to be
raised by direct taxes. Deduct from
this $2,000,000 on account of schools or
two-thirds, $1,200,000 for half the police
and $700,000 more for Judges, prisons,
elections and other expenditures not a
city charge in Glasgow and there is a
total of $3,900,000. This sum left to bo
raised by direct taxation would be $9.
277,000, and the tax rate would be $1.40
Instead of $1.&5.
Glasgow, too, has a cheap city gov
ernment and a hlght death rate be
cause the population Is crowded. Phila
delphia has a dear city government be
cause Its population Is spread out, and
for this reason a low death rate. Glas
gow has a' denth rate 1S93 of 23.4.
Philadelphia had In 1S93 a rate of 21.20.
Yet Philadelphia, with a summer tem
perature whose extreme) Is some 25
degrees higher than Glasgow's and
whose winter is 10 to 15 degrees lower,
has a much more unhealthy' climate.
Glasgow has a July ns cool as Canada
and a January as warm as southern
North Carolina. Phllndelphln, 'with
its winter and summer, should have the
higher death rate. It Is also the larger
city, and In general the bigger the city
the higher the death rate.
POPULATION,
But tho reason Philadelphia has the
lower death rate and some 2,000 peo
ple ulivp at the end of the year who
would have died under Glasgow's eco
nomical city government Is because In
Philadelphia the population averages
12.04 to the acre. In Glasgow it aver
ages 50.9 to the acre. As Dr. Russell,
the health otllcer of Glasgow, showed
In a recent report In 1891, "half of the
Inhnbltauts of Glasgow live in houses
of two rooms." The average Glasgow
dwelling In 1S91 "was a house of 2.33
apartments, containing 4.772 pequle."
In Philadelphia there are C.O persons to
tho house, usuully of six to eight
rooms. In Glasgow almost as many to
a house of about two rooms.
This Is hard on human lite, hut easy
on municipal economy. Let n city be
crowded so that all Us population Is
In about a flfth of the area of Phila
delphia and tho expense for streets,
sewers, gus pipes und water mains Is
enormously reduced, hut health and
comfort ure also reduced. Spread the
city out and all Its e.v.oenses are In
creased, but each famllv has Its hout'e.
Tho American Plan costs more, but
it pays In the end.
NOT IMSOUKYINC.
A friend of mine has a little boy called
Robbie, and Robbie is not at all an angel
child. Ho U. In fact, the terror "of the
neighborhood. Not long ago his father
bought him a bicycle and Robbie was
more an object of dread to the neighbors
than ever. One duy he was detected in
some particularly outrageous uct, und his
father, to punish him, forbude him to rhlu
the bicycle for u whole week. Robbie
promised, but us hit; father neared the
home next day he saw his son whirling
along on the wheel.
"Hobble," said he, nioro In sorrow thnn
in anger, "didn't I tell you you were not
to ride your wheel for n week?"
"Vos, sir," said Robbie, cheerfully,1 "and
I'm not going to disobey you. This Isn't
my wheel, U's tho ono I borrowed."
Wnshlngton Post.
'4 YxlkM
There's only one
V
lOTiOIPliP
U0 KqC rrrr t- rr -fnf
1 liv- fJl VUUIlllg ICIL .
THE
LCD,
Builders' Hardware,
Gas, Plumbing and
.o Light Wiring.
STEAM AND
HOT WATER HEATING
434 LACKAWANNA AVE,
DUPONTS
MINING, BLASTING AND SPORTING
Vonufactured at tho Wapwallopon Mill
Luzenn) oounty, Pa., and at Wil
mington, Delaware.
HENRYBELIN.Jp.,
General Agent for tho Wyoming District,
118 WYOMINC1 AVrjNUB, Scrnnton, P
Third National Rank Building.
AGENCIES:
THOS. FORD, Plttston. Pa.
JOHN B. SMITH & SON, Plymouth. Pa.
E. W. MULLIGAN, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Agents for tho Repauno Chemical Cora
(any's High Explosives.
RAILROAD COMPANY.
PERSONALLY CONDUCTED TOURS
MATCHLESS IN EVERY FEATURE.
CALIFORNIA.
Tour to CALIFORNIA and the PA
CIFIC COAST will leave New York and
Philadelphia March "7, returning on rcgu.
lur trains within nlno months. Round
trip tickets, Including all tour features
going and transportation only returning,
will bo sold at rate of $203.00 from Now
York, and $203.00 from Philadelphia! one
way tickets, Including all tour features
going, $141.73 from New York, $110.23 from
Philadelphia. Proportionate rates front
other points.
AVASH1NGTUN.
Tours, each covering a poriod of three
days, will leave
New York and Philadelphia
March 11, April 1 and 22, and May 13, 1697)
Rates, including transportation ana
two days' accommodation at tho best
AVushington Hotels, $U.50 from New York,
and $11.00 from Philadelphia.
OLD POINT COMFORT TOURS
UETUKNINd DIRECT OR VIA
RICHMOND and WASHINGTON,
will leave Now York and Philadelphia'
March IS and April 15, 1697.
For detailed Itineraries and other Infor
mation, apply at ticket agencies, or ad
dress Oeo. W. Uoyd, Asat. Cren'l Pass.
Agent, Broad Street Station, Philadelphia.
NEW YOKK HOTELS.
o.
-. - -a y .
Cuuua3 'p. s
- V.i
h
D. L. M. SATE3
An established hotel under new management
nnd thoroughly abreast ot tho times. Visitors to
New York will flnrt the Everett In tho very heart
ot tho ehopplni; district, convenient to pjne-es ot
umuniiinrnt ami readily ncrcMllilo from all parts
)( the city. EUltOPEAN PLAN.
Cor. Sixteenth St. and Irving Place,
MEW YORK.
AMERICAN ILAN. $3.50 Per
Day and Upwards.
EUROPEAN PLAN, $1.50 Per
Day and Upwards.
GEO, MURRAY, Proprietor.
The St. Denis
Uroatfway and Hleventh St., New York.
Opp. flracc Church. -Huropean Plan.
Rooms $i,oo u Day and Upwards.
in n modost and unobtrti9lvo way there ar
rw hotter eonduetod hotels in the motropollt
than tho St. Uonls.
Tho great popularity It has prlpilred can
readily bo tracad to its uulquo loratlon, its
liomeliko ntuiosiiliare. tho peculiar exonllsuoa
ot tin ouisino and Bjrvlcu, and its vory moder
uto prices.
t
.& H
-,- . Sa&y.
f T
.&? . eH? CJatJS
y IB
VM. M. DATES. ftiJ'TWftiTJ
WILLIAM TAYLOR AND SON.