THE SCRANTON TRIBUNE SATURDAY MOKNXSTGr, JANUARY 23, 1897.
9
JOHN SHERHAN.
FACTS ABOUT THE
COMING PREMIER
gtic Remarkable Public Career of Sena
tor John Sherman.
HIS BIOGRAPHY IS OUR HISTORY
Ills Long mill Itrillinut Service in
Congress nnd Tieitsury Department.
One of the I.nst Links Itetween the
Old School mid the New--His Fit-
lit! tn for the l'ust of Secretin y ol'
Statu.
From the New York Tribune.
The retirement of John Sherman from
the senate after March 4 to accept the
premiership, so culled, of the JIcKinley
administration, will break practically
the last link In either branch of con
gress which binds the political life of
today with that of a generation ago.
Among the survivors, now few and
rapidly thinning in congress, of that
stirring and dramatic period In Ameri
can politics which saw the struggle
over slavery culminate, the war for the
Union fought, and the Federal struc
ture rebuilt on broader and more en
during foundations, Senator Sherman
has In the public mind almost uniquely
typllled of recent years the political
traditions and the political accomplish
ments of that earlier and more heroic
day.
A TYPICAL, REPUBLICAN.
With a service In the house of repre
sentatives dating back to December,
)xnri, he shares with the venerable sen
ator from Vermont, Mr. Morrill, the
honors of the congressional patriarch
ate. Rising into leadership in the
popular branch before his second term
had ended: the candidate of the anti
slavery elements In the house for the
speakership In 1S59; a recognized leader
in the Republican party from Its very
inception; the champion through the
stormy years of war and reconstruction
of its stalwart administrative and leg
islative policies; a controlling inlluence
In its history and fortunes for more
than a generation, the Ohio senator has
come to be Identified more completely,
perhaps, than any other living public
man with the Ideas and purposes which,
through the agency of the Republican
party have for thlrty-slx years past
been embodied In American legislation.
As a force to be reckoned of the first
importance In congress, In the Cabinet,
in National conventions, along all lines
of political activity; an associate on
equal terms in party councils with
Stevens, Morton, Fessenden, Morrill,
Wade and Ulalne, Mr. Sherman has
been universally accepted as the last,
Mr. Morrill perhaps excepted, of the
coterie of virile and broad-minded
statesmen which sprang Into existence
through the stress of National up
heaval and civil war.
That at the age of seventy-three he
should desire to leave the scene of his
many legislative triumphs and seek to
round out his caieer by a term In the
State department the most Inviting
goal of political ambition next to the
presidency itself Is not perhaps to be
wondered at. But what will be a gain
to the executive branch of the govern
ment through Mr. Sherman's long ex
perience and training will be an equally
distinct and (sensible loss to the legisla
tive branch a loss the more Irrepar
able because It breaks perhaps the last
vital connection In the two houses of
congress between the older school of
politics and politicians and the new.
A RECORD TO BE PROUD OF.
Mr. Sherman's biography In the Con
gressional directory covers barely
twelve lines less than half of the
Bpace appropriated by many a budding
statesman of one-third his years. Yet
what a record of political activity and
achievements those twelve lines mod
estly conceal! A delegate to the Whig
National convention In 1S4S when only
twenty-five years old; a delegate again
to the convention of 1S52; president of
the first Republican State convention
held in Ohio In 1855; elected a represen
tative In congress In 1S54, and re-elected
In 1S50, 1858 and 1800; the Republican
and Free Soil candidate for speaker In
1SD9, losing an election by only three
votes; entering the senate in 1SC1, nnd
serving there continuously until 1877
devoting four years us secretary of the
treasury In President Hayes' cabinet to
carrying into execution the bold and
far-sighted financial legislation which
he had been the chief factor In passing
through congress; returning to the sen
ate In 18S1 and retaining his seat there
through three successive re-elections; a
candidate for the Republican presiden
tial nomination in 18S0, 1881 and 1SS8,
receiving In the convention of 1888, 241)
votes; leader of his party in the senate,
and one of Its recognized and authori
tative spokesmen on the public plat
formall these phases of a useful, hon
ored, laborious and eminently success
ful political career can be traced be
tween the lines of the directory's con
cise and unassuming uutoblographlcal
sketch.
STIIJTj ALEUT AND VIOOROUS.
Senator Sherman, though fast ap.
preaching his seventy-fourth birthday
May 10, 1S97 shows today few traces
of his advancing years. He has dis
played as much alertness and visor In
the prosecution of his legislative duties
this winter as at any time In ten years
past. In a speech last month on the
condition of the treasury and the
urgent need of legislation to make good
the annual deficiencies, he disclosed all
the fire and spirit to which a discussion
of this sort Is sure to stimulate him.
Of, recentyears Mr. Sherman haB taken
no very considerable share In the rou
tine debates In the senate, but he Is
rarely absent from the Capitol, and on
nil financial measures he has spoken
both freely and effectively. His speeches
In opposition to the various free coln
uge bills which have been pushed to
the front In the "deliberative branch"
huve attracted universal attention, and
many of his nppeals to the senate to
put aside demagogy and factionalism
and to legislate with prudence and
moderation have been both noticeably
dramatic and of genuine political effect.
Mr. Sherman is not a natural and
easy talker. Ills sentences arrange
themselves with difficulty, and the
thought seems always to be struggling
with the expression. But when the heat
of the occasion carries him away, his
oratory Is vividly and passionate, and
seldom falls of Its purpose. Few who
heard him during the long summer
session of 1S94 rebuke the Democratic
majority In the senate for failing to
agree on some scheme of tariff sched
ules will forget the stunned sensation
with which the- Democratic leaders lis
tened to the Ohio senator's Impetuous
reproaches, or the deep impression on
the subsequent course of legislation
which that brief speech made.
A STUDENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
Senator Sherman's great reputation
as a legislator was built up chiefly
through his ma?terly management of
financial measures, yet he has always
been a close and earnest student of for
eign relations, and since his return to
the senate in 1881 he has been a lead
ing member and for the greater part
of the time chairman of the Foreign
Relations committee. He has taken an
active part In the consideration of
every treaty submitted to the senate,
and has had to weigh and discuss time
and time again the vexed problems
with which successive secretaries of
state have been called upon to deal.
His selection for the chief post in
Major McKinley's cabinet has there
fore both logic and common sense to
commend It, and the new secretary of
state will enter his office with the
added advantage of a wholly friendly
interest In and co-operation with his
purpose on the part of the colleagues
whom he leaves behind In the co-ordinate
treaty-making branch of congress.
In the selection of his secretary of
state the president-elect Is not more
happy than In the good fortune which
will place at the head of the new cabi
net circle a household so widely and
favorably known as Senator Sher
man's. When Mr. Sherman's public
life in Washington began, forty-two
years ago.lt may be said that Mrs. Sher
man's public life began also, so closely
has she been Identified with every In
terest nnd every step In his career. A
young and attractive woman, of strong
character and sincerity of purpose,
Mrs. Sherman quickly impressed her
individuality on official circles, and her
prominence kept pace with' her hus
band's advance and high place In the
political world. At no time in her long
and varied experience would -Mrs. Sher
man bo termed a "society woman" in
the most limited sense. But as a fine
type of American womanhood she rep
resents official society In Its best sense.
During all the shifting political for
tunes around her, with their many
changes, she has retained the simplic
ity of manner and genuineness of heart,
giving assurance of a sincerity which
lias made her a popular woman, and a
woman of close friendships.
MRS. SHERMAN'S INFLUENCE.
That Mrs. Sherman's judgment and
political foresight have had a marked
Influence over her husband there can
be no doubt, and more than once she
has turned the scale In some Important
political decision. It was Mrs, Sher
man who practically settled the ques
tion of the senator's candidacy for his
last re-nomlnatlon to the senate four
years ago. Mrs. Sherman herself wish
ed to return to private life. For a year
or two she felt this desire growing
stronger nnd stronger, until she had
fully made up her mind that after the
senator's long service to the public they
owed tho duty of service to themselves
In the enjoyment of a few years of pri
vate life. To keep their Washington
home, and with It time for their friends
and time for foreign travel, and other
agreeable recreations was the picture
framed by Mrs. Sherman for their later
years. It grew upon her more and
mote, and one day she said frankly to
a friend:
"If I thought my husband would
come back to the senate another term I
should be an unhappy woman,"
Time passed on, and when the hour
came for the senator to declare his In
tentions to Ohio he was ready to write
the letter declining to be a candidate
for renomlnation. Then It was that
Mrs. Sherman at once realized tho out
look for her husband the step from a
long und busy life Into what? That
was tho question which confronted and
startled Mrs. Sherman, but which the
senator had not thought of or consld-
ered. Mrs. Sherman knew better even
than her husband that he would not be
equal to the ease, the Idleness, the loss
of occupation and the dally routine of
public life,
"Weigh well the step," suld Mrs,
Sherman. "What will you do with
yourself? What resources will you have
In prlvato life to take tho place of your
work, which has been your life for so
many years? You would be a restless
and unhnppy man without work. Think
over the step well before you make your
decision."
The senator went back to his library
and the letter of declination was not
written.
When the acceptance of the portfolio
of state In the new cabinet was to bo
considered, It was Mrs. Sherman who
again turned the scale. Proud of her
husband's long and splendid public ser
vice, ns she may well be, Mrs. Sherman
feels that no other service would more
fitly round the senator's career than the
four years In President McKinley's
cabinet.
THEIR HOME LIFE.
Senator and Mrs. Sherman are a de
lightful host and hostess, whose large
experience will easily meet new social
duties. At tho head of the cabinet
circle they will but add to the number
of friends who have enjoyed the gra
cious hospitality of their Washington
home. Their new house In K street,
completed about two years ago, Is one
of the most beautiful houses of the Na
tional Capital, and few are more spa
clous. It Is a magnificent double house
of white stone, overlooking the pretty
park called Franklin Square.
Though classed among modern pal
aces, the Sherman house is a home, and
the home atmosphere Is a charm one
feels the moment tho threshold Is
passed. It has never given the Impres
sion of a new house, but from the first
seemed to have been lived In, quite as
If there had been a transfer of their for
mer home, two doors distant, and occu
pied for many years. The house Is fin
ished in hardwoods of great beauty.
The spacious hall, drawing rooms, lib
rary and dining room all open Into the
hall, and Into each other, almost like
one space, and are admirably arranged
for the entertainment of a large com
pany. The appointments are harmon
ious, there are rare works of art In
paintings on the walls and bric-a-brac,
und throughout the house the effect
Is that of simple elegance.
Senator Sherman has one daughter,
whose marriage to JamesMcCallum two
years ago made the wedding festivity
that was something of a christening of
tho new residence. It was followed
later by a number of superb receptions.
Mr. and Mrs. McCallum, however, who
ns Miss Sherman Is well known, Is
likely to be again her mother's at
tractive assistant as one of the Cabinet
circle. Then there Is the young grand
son, an Important member of the
family, John Sherman McCallum, just
a year old. It need hardly be added
that he Is even now the idol of his
grandfather. Senator Sherman has
been called a man of cold exterior. A
man of dignity he certainly Is, and In
his own family he Is one of the most
genial men, and is a model host. Those
who have thought him cold In past
years should see him now with his
grandson. They would see the same
tall, wiry figure, still wonderfully erect,
and the same clear cut features. But
the fuco Is that of the happiest and most
beaming of grandfathers.
HIS DRAMATIC EXIT.
An Auocdoto of ex-Ooncrcssniun
James Wilson, or Iowa.
From the New York Sun.
Mr. Wilson concluded his career In
congress on the morning of March 4,
1883, by a dramatic exhibition of gen
erosity that will never be forgotten by
those who witnessed It. He was elect
ed to the Forty-eighth congress by a
majority of Just twenty-three votes
over Ben T. Frederick, the candidate
of a fusion of the Democratic, Green
back and Labor parties. It was a
Democratic house, and the committee
on elections reported In favor of Fred
erick, who contested Wilson's seat; but
the Republicans were determined that
Wilson should not be turned out, and
were filibustering to prevent a vote.
The late Samuel J. Randall came down
the aisle, while the house was In a ter
rible state of confusion, and asked to
be heard. He delivered a brief but
eloquent eulogy of General Grant, who
was then lay dylng.and said that he held
In his hand a bill which had passed the
senate restoring Grant to the rank of
general of the army, and placing him
upon the retired list.
"Mr. Speaker," he said, "I ask unani
mous consent of the house to offer that
bill, and I move that the rules be sus
pended in order that It may be taken
up for action without debate."
Mr. Covington, of Kentucky, objected.
He vehemently declared that the only
order of business before the house was
the resolution of the committee on elec
tions seating Mr. Frederick In place of
Mr. Wilson, and that no other business
could be transacted until that case was
disposed of, Mr, Covington's threat
was received with jeers on one side
and cheers on the other. Mr. Wilson
climbed Into his chair, and when the
house at last consented to listen to him
he said:
"Mr. Speaker, If this house will vote
to retire General Grant I am ready to
be sacrificed, and with that under
standing I hope that my friends will
offer no further objection to the adop
tion of the report of the committee on
elections."
The house took him at his word.
Within five minutes, by a viva voce
vote, Mr. Wilson was unseated and Mr.
Frederick became a member of the
Forty-eighth congress. At Mr. Wil
son's request the Republcans did not
even call for the yeas and nays, and
Immediately after he had surrendered
his seat In congress for the benefit
to his old commander Mr. Randall re
newed the motion and the bill to place
General Grant upon the retired list was
passed by a vote of 198 yeas to 79 nays.
Out of respect for Mr. Wilson Mr.
Frederick voted yea.
Didn't Need Him.
Reed I hear that Penn's new play has
no villain In It.
Wright It doesn't need any. The play It
self Is perfectly villainous. Cincinnati
Enquirer,
"You Cnu't Hido a Man's Wheel,
Fido--Your Knickerbockers Aro Too
8tringV.--Ilfo.
Copyright, 1890, by Mitchell & Miller.
0?p&JX:ty'Z$
Spale's Extortfloes
From Cmitac
By RAMUNDQ CABRERA,
in Gunlon's Magazine for January.'
Those who doubt that the people
of Cuba are justified In their claims
against Spain have but to study tho
statistics of the exactions to which
Cuba has been subjected. The figures
show the Iniquity and avarice of the
mother country towards the colony.and
amply Justify the efforts of the people
of Cuba In their struggle for emancipa
tion. All colonizing nations, such as Eng
land, France and Holland, have attend
ed In one way or another to the support
and advancement of those dlstunt coun
tries whither they have undertaken to
carry their civilization and people, to
enlarge their dominion and Increase
their wealth. Spain has disregarded this
rule. Her policy has ulways been to
make the colony support Itself with Its
own resources, and also contribute to
the national revenues. During the
Whole of the first quarter of the present
century In which the population of the
islnnd of Cuba did not reach half a mil
lion, notwithstanding the large Impor
tation of negro slaves from Africa, Cu
bans defrayed, with their own resourc
es, all the expenditures of their ex
chequer, while the Spanish nation failed
to contribute a single penny towurd the
lncreuslng needs of the colony, even for
the support of public schools, which
were entirely neglected.
In 1827 began to a certain extent the
agricultural prosperity of the Island by
the exportation of Its cane-sugar and
tobacco, and by the Increase of its pop
ulation, due to the Immigration of
Spaniards from the Central and South
American countries' that had just
achieved their Independence. Spain
then hastened to withdraw half a mil
lion dollars from the treasury of the
Island, which she took to Madrid and
applied to the needs of the nation. From
that date Cuba continued to contri
bute annually to the treasury of Spain,
up to 1804, a sum averaging not le3s
than twp million and a half dollars, and
aggregating $89,107,287. The first step
having been taken In this direction,
the mother country Imposed upon
Cuba In its local budget the assign
ment of $5,372,205 for the use of Spain,
without conceding to Cubans the right
of representation In her Parliament or
of dlscusslnsr and votlnsr these assess
ments. Spain made war In Africa against the
empire of Morocco, and Imposed upon
Cubans a large portion of the expenses
Incurred thereby. In 1841 she acknow
ledged a perpetual debt of $570,000 at
five per cent Interest, In favor of the
United States, to Indemnify American
citizens who had sustained losses in
consequence of the wars of Indepen
dence In South America, and commit
ted the Injustice of compelling Cubans
to pay the whole of this national debt.
She did the same with the
expenses of the unfortunate ex
pedition to Mexico In conjunction with
France, which ended with the drama
of Queretaro and the humiliating
withdrawal of the European armies;
and she also made the Island of Cuba
pay the cost of the occupation of San
Domingo, and the adventures In the Pa
elfin with her former dependencies, the
republics of Peru and Chili, In lSG4-'05.
Thus Is explained how the estimate
of expenditures of the Island of Cuba,
which In 1830, when the population was
755,693 Inhabitants, amounted to $G,120,
934, at the rate of $S per capita, gradual
ly Increased every ten years to $9,605,877
In 1S40, $10,074,677 in 1850, until, In 1SG0
when the population had augmented
only one-third (being 1,109,429) It
reached the enormous sum of $29,G10,779,
say four-fold, or at the rate of $24.69 pet
capita, this sum being mainly applied
to defray national expenditures nnd
debts, arising from wars nnd adven
tures In which the Cuban people were
not directly concerned, and, at all
events, should only have been called
upon to bear their proportion, conjoint
ly with all the other provinces nnd de
pendencies of the Spanish monarchy.
In the Spanish chamber of deputies,
a representative who Is an authority in
financial and economic matters, Don
Jose del Perojo, proved by Incontroverti
ble figures, that the Spanish govern
ment had withdrawn from the treasury
of Cuba duilng the century, for the ex
clusive benefit of the mother-country, a
total of $137,000,000.
The annual budget of the Island In
1868, at the breaking out of the first of
Its two great revolutions, amounted to
$2o,415,P45.
During the ten years of that disas
trous struggle, the nation so passionate
ly and tenaciously Interested In main
taining Its dominion over the unfortun
ate Island, which It calls and considers
"an integral part of its territory," did
not contribute one penny toward the ex
penses of the war, but laid them all, ab
solutely all, upon the shoulders of the
Cubans themselves, and has compelled
them to pay these expenses In their con
temporary and subsequent budgets. In
the Spanish colonial policy the consid
eration has never obtained that the col
ony should receive assistance from the
mother-country, but Instead, that It
was bound always to produce for the
benefit of the latter, and pay, as Its
own punishment, for the rebellions
which in another sense are held to he a
national conflict, of interest to all Span
lards. In short, the Cuban colonist is con
sidered by Spain as a Spaniard, in order
that he may pay taxes and obey. He is
required to be loyal to the nation, but
Is assigned an inferior position, and sub
jected to heavy burdens, from which the
other more favored Spaniards are ex
empt. Let us see In what proportion Cuba
has paid, together with Its own expens
es, those of the revolution of 186S-'78, as
shown by the following figures of Its
yearly budgets.
In the first five years, from 1868 to
1X73, Its ordinary expenses at the rate
of $25,415,915 aggregated $127,079,725.
Since then its annual budget gives these
crushing figures:
1873-71
1874-75
1875-70
1S70-77
1877-78 ,
1878-79
1879-80
1680-81
1881.82
1SS2-83
1KS3-SI
1884-85
1885-66
18S0-87
...$I0,CS0.517
... 40,430,322
... 40,430,422
... 40,430,422
... 40,430.422
... 64,7.'977
... 04,752,977
... Ill, 435,850
... 34,435,850
... 35,800,219
... 31,180,380
... 3I.1S0.8SO
... 31,109,053
... 26,959,731
Since 18S6-'87 the annual estimates of
expenses for Cuba have never been less
than $25,000,000. Ir. lS94-'95, at the out
break of the present revolution, the es
timate amounted to $26,733,322; the Is
land had a population of 1,631,CS7; every
Cuban paid taxes to the stute not in
cluding In (his calculation the munici
pal dues 5I0.3S per capita, which Is
about the same proportion as that jald
by the British subject, two dollars les3
l
than that of the French citizen, double
tho amount paid by thu Spaniard In
Spain, and nearly thrice the rate per
capita. In the United States.
All these estimates, which from 1850
to 1S95, represent n total or 1,500 million
of dollars, have been applied to the pay
ment of the foreign war expenses al
ready mentioned, the revolution in
Cuba, the Interest and amortization of
the debts contracted In consequence of
these wars, nnd above ull the
support In the Island of a
large personnel of olliclals In
thu administration, appointed at Mad
rid and coming from Spain! also to the
maintenance of an army of occupation,
for In each annual estimate the amount
destined to Improvements In the Island,
to agriculture, public works or educa
tion, has never reached one million
dollars, say, one twenty-fifth part of
the budget.
In 18U4-'95 tho sum appropriated for
Internal Improvement was $771,125, To
the national debt and general .obliga
tions, the urni, navy and government
administrative olliclals, the whole bal
ance of $25,902,197 was devoted. Are
stronger motives needed for a people
to arise and struggle desperately to
break their yoke, and overthrow the
system that thus despoils and crushes
them?
When the revolution broke out In
February, 1893, Cuba was saddled with
a public debt of $175,000,000, at the rate
of $11S per capita.
Spain, as ever, desired that the Cuban
should himself pay the cost of the war,
provoked and sustained by her to pre
vent his emancipation, and let us see
how with that object in view she man
ages the money of tho rebels.
To convert and consolidate all the
Cuban debt, the Spanish Parliament,
In 1890, authorized the Isue of bonds
amounting to $175,000,000. At tho out
set of the revolution she still had on
hand $113,768,200 of the bonds with
which she wns to complete the conver
sion and pay all legitimate creditors.
Instead of applying them-to this ob
ject, the government has negotiated
said bonds at 33 per cent, discount,
with the Bank of Paris, Banks of the
Netherlands, and the Banks of Spain
and Barcelonla, realizing therefrom
$80,000,000 with which she has attended
to the expenses of the war for the first
year. By reason of this operation the
debt of the Island of Cuba stands thus:
Total amount of bonds Issued In
'1890 to consolidate and convert
all tho debts $173,000,000
Amount of bonds negotiated to
cover the expenses of tho first
year of the revolution 113,703,200
Previous debt, left without con
solidation and conversion .... 40,000,000
Total $335,163,200
The Interest of this debt, at five
per cent, amounts annually to $1S,000,
000. The Cubans have put up with
Spanish domination during four hun
dred years; but they will not be able
to bear the terrible burden which this
debt Implies, nor the o'ther expenses
that are Increasing every day through
the present war. At this moment the
debt represents a mortgage of $201, and
$11 yearly interest per habitant.
Whoever studies dispassionately
these figures, must realize the despera
tion which has again driven the heroic
people of Cuba to the determined strug
gle now waging.
No one can fall to recognize its Jus
tice nor see that the entire responsibil
ity for Its horrors rests upon the
mother country.
.
CITY SCHOOL KXl'KXSES.
What Jlucomcs oT the 8(5,000,000
Xcw York I'uys Yearly lor Educa
tion. New York city, according to the Sun,
expends $1,000,000 a year less on Its
schools or the Instruction of 200,000
pupils by 4.S00 teachers than it does for
the police department. The appropria
tion for the schools of New York for
the year 1897 will not be far from a
total of $6,000,000, and the expenses,
from present Indications, will not fall
much below that sum.
The question has often been nsked
how far the appropriation for scnoels
Is devoted to the payment of salaries,
and to what extent it Is applied tD the
purchase of supplies. The answer to
this question is given by the estimates
of the school board for 1897, which show
substantially that $1,000,000 of the ap
propriation, or almost exactly two
thirds of the amount, Is applied to the
payment of salaries. There are 25G
principals, 49 vlee-prlnclpals, 3,993 regu
lar teachers, 132 special teachers, nnd
353 substitutes or teachers on special
subjects. The payment of these principals-
and teachers Is the chief item of
outlay of the school department, und
next comes the supplies of books, maps,
slates, and stationery, which In all the
schools of New York cost $290,000 In a
year. This Item does not certainly
seem extravagant when contrasted
with the one which follows It as the
third highest on the list, the pay of
janitors, which Is $282,000 a year. For
the corporate schools, as they are called
(schools under sepnrate control, but
under supervision of the Board of Edu
cation; those of the Children's Aid so
ciety are the largest of these), $120,000
Is. applied, and the expenditure for fuel,
which comes next. Is $118,000. The fuel
required for heating the schoolhouses
of New York Includes nearly 25,000 tons
of coal and more than S00 cords of
wood In a ear, and Included in this
Item of expenditure Is the sum of $600
"lor repairing and removing scales."
The expenses of the olllce staff of the
Board of Education foot up $02,000. The
enfoicement of the Truancy law costs
$64,000. The purchase of schcol furni
ture and the repair of school furniture
In use cost more than 50,000 a year.
The city pays $63,000" rent for school
premises, $20,000 toward the mainten
ance of hchool libraries, nnd $30,000 for
the Nautical school. Of this sum $14,
000 la for the balarles of the superin
tendent and instructors, $10,000 for pro
visions, Including "water and drugs,"
and most of the balance for nautical
supplies 3,000 for ropes, locks, sail
cloth, paint, oil, vninlsh, and lumber,
and $2,500 for the expense of the sum
mer cruise. Seven thousand dolluis a
year is expended by the school depart
ment of Now York for pianos and for
the repair of pianos; an equal sum Is
needed next year for placing fire alarm
telegraph wires In the subways lead
ing to the schools; $50,000 will be paid
for free lectures, nnd $0,400 for the
transportation of pupils to and from
schorls In the annexed district. Then
$35,000 Is to be expended next year for
what Is called tho biennial school
census, whereby It will be possible to
learn In detail the exact number of
schci'l till "in In New York under an
i i'i
3pl(9tt9
Clean and healthful No swine fat in it
Genuine Cottolono IbroIiI every whoro with trado murks "Cottolenc" and
itecr'n head m cofton-jiimit wreath on every tin.
A handsomely Illustrated Kitchen ttilrmlar of unique design, for 18D7, roniatntnR Thres
Hundred nnd Sixty-live Selected Hedges by the best known teachers of nnd writers ua
cookery. Will be vent on receipt of this advertisement and six ceuts In stamps.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY, Chicago, III.
enumeration made by tho school au
thorities. The repairing of school
buildings In a year costs ubout $350,000.
UXW1UTTKN WAll I11STOHV.
John C. Ilrockinrldgu's Prediction
Whan He Wns Vico President.
From the New York tribune.
There Is one part of thu, history of tho
civil war and the affairs whluh led up to
It that possesses a strong fascination for
most people, because so little is known
of It. This Is the series of events be
tween the election and Inauguration of
Abraham Lincoln. Magazines and news
papers have ransacked all thu Holds of
the war Itself, until It seems as if there
were nothing left to tell, and most read
ers are familiar with It.
One of those Who saw something of tho
actors in tho strange drama that was
played In those four months was General
Stewart I.. Woodford, of Brooklyn, lie
was then only 25 years old, but he wns
already beginning to be known In poll-
tics, and when the electoral vote of New
York, cast for Abraham Lincoln, was
sent to Washington, General Woodford
was selected as the messenger. Some of
tho Incidents and conversations In which
the yoUng mnir took purt duilng that
Journey shed an Interesting light on the
attitude of the leaders of the political
world at that time, and lust night the
General was Induced to relate 'some of
them to a reporter.
"At the meeting of the Klectorni college
at Albany," began Gener.fl Woodford,
"after the election of 1SG0. Governor John
A. King proposed me, young man as I
was, to bo tho messenger of tho college to
taku the vote of New York to Washing
ton, When I reached Washington I called
upon Governor Seward, who was then
the senior Senutor from New York, und
shall never forget the cordial klndnrss
and thoughtful courtesy with which he
received me. I remember attending ser
vice with him the next day, which was
Sunday, at -St. John's Episcopal church.
On our way back from the church to his
rooms, as we were walking on F street,
he called my attention to u man coming
toward us, and asked me to note 1 Ini
carefully as wo passed. As they came to
gether each raised his hat very ceremon
iously to the other, and Senator Seward
remarked that that was Senator Jeffer
son Davis, of Mississippi, nnd added:
" 'If any trouble should come out of
this election, that man would be the cen
tral llguro of the south.'
"In the light of subsequent events Mr.
Seward's estimate of Mr. Davis was accu
rate and prophetic.
"When 1 came to deliver tho vote Mr.
Seward introduced me to his colleague,
Preston King, who took mo Into Vice
President Breckinridge's room und pre
sented me to the vice president, Into
whose hands It was my duty to deliver
the package containing the electoral vote
of New York. Mr. Breckinridge was an
erect, soldierly-looking man, with olive
complexion, long, dark hair and a sin
gularly full and Intellectual forehead. lie
was courtly and dignified in manner, and
the interview which followed, although
brief, Is as vivid la meniory as though It
occurred yesterday.
"Senator King wus a short, very fleshy
man, with a merry twinkle In hi eye,
and an almost constant laugh In his vok'e
and manner. Ho presented me to the
vice president as tho messenger of the
New York Electoral college, and I hand
ed to Mr. Breckinridge the long envelope
containing the certified votu of our state.
Mr. Breckinridge took It without a waul,
stepped over to a window, balanced It
on his hand as If upon a scale, and stood
for several seconds holding and looking
at It. lie then said, as If speaking to
himself:
" 'Thl Is a very little thing nnd yet I
am afraid that It weighs all that cl.'il
war can weigh.'
"I stood silent. Senator King pause 1 for
a moment and then said, ruther cheer
fully: "Oh, no, Mr. Vice President; not
so bad as thnt. There will bo no war.'
"Mr. Bruckinrldge wns silent for a mo
ment, and then, turning toward Senator
King and myself, replied:
" 'Senator King, you people at tho north
don't understand this, and if war came,
It could not mean very much to anybody
living In New York. But my home la In
a border state. I can look acioss the
Ohio river Into the state of Ohio. If
trouble comes, the border states will be
the scene of struggle; and that little
package which makes Mr. Lincoln presi
dent may mean a struggle- that will cost
more lives than. I dare to think of today."
"Senator King was hushed Into silence,
and the vice president, turning to me, ex
cused himself for having given way to
his anticipation, and after a few moments
of courteous conversation he closed the
Interview.
"When the time for tho Inauguration
came," continued the general, "I went to
Washington and was fortuuuto In getting
a good place directly to tho front of the
platform where Mr. Lincoln delivered his
Inaugural and took- his oath of olllce.
While the words of that marvelous speech
are- as audible In memory as though I
had heard them yesterday, a llttlu Inci
dent that occurred by my side has al
ways formed a very oweet companion
piece to the great spectacle of tho presi
dent pleading for peace. Thero stood be
side me a tall, guimt Virginian farmer,
clothed in brown, homespun who hud evi
dently come somo distance to see und
hear Mr. Lincoln. With him was his
wife, In simple farm dress, wealing un
old-fashioned sunbonnet. They watched
und heard Mr. Lincoln without saying a
word to each other, and were so Intent us
to seem oblivious of everything about
them. When he closed the silence was so
deep In nil the great throng that you
could literally hear men draw their long
breaths. Then thu woman, reaching her
hand up to the shoulder of her tall com
panion, said:
" 'John, that man's honest, and you
must stand by tho old Hag.'
"I did not catch his reply, but ho wis
drawing his rough hand ucross his eyes.
1 can see that woman's honest fuce now,
and somewhere I am sure that shu is
glad that the old flag has come back to
Virginia to stay."
soikncf. or Tin: anoiknts.
Tools Found in Pompeii Aro I-'iie-similict.
ol'.llodurii Instruments.
From the Illustrated Glass and I'ottery
Muguzlne.
Brufessor Goodman says the thing
that most Impressed him, when visiting
l'ompeil, was the resemblance between
many of the Implements uf 1S00 years
ugo and those of today. On looking at
the Iron tools srouped together In an
old factory there, lie could upmost Im
ugine ho was gazing Into a modern tool
shop, except for the fact that there was
a heavy coating of rust on the Iron.
Sickles, bill-hooks, rakes, forks, axes,
spades, blacksmith's tongs, hammers,
soldering Irons, planes, shovels-, etc.,
are much like those used today; but
tho most marvelous Instruments found
are those for surgery, beautifully exe
cuted, and of design exactly similar to
The best
for shortening
and frying.
oiiiB recently patented and reinvented
Incredltnble us it may uppeur, Pom
pellnns had wire ropes of perfect con
structon. Their bronzes reveaf great
skill and artistic talent. Tho bronze
brazier and kitchener had boilers at the,
side, and tups for running off the hot
water.
Ewers and ur'ns have been discovered
with Interior tubes, nnd furnaces pre
cisely like the arrangement now In
vogue In steam boilers. Metal safes had
substantial locks. Many of thu locks
and keys nre most Ingenious, nnd some
very complex. The water supply of
Pompeii was distributed by means of
lead pipe laid under the streets. There
were many public drinking fountains,
and most of the large houses were pro
vided with fountains, many of them
of very beautiful design.
ASKfMTfiEft&KLET.ON
GIVE&THL
ANPl5A9iyTElY5AFE
FOR SALE BY THE
CO
SCRANTON STATION.
MANSFIELD STATE N0R5AL SCHOOL.
intellectual and practical training Tor
teachers. Three courses of study besides
preparatory. Special attention given to
preparation for college. Students ad
mitted to best colleges on certificate
Thirty graduates pursuing further studies
last year. Great odvantuees for special
studies in art and music. Model school of
three hundred pupils. Corps of sixteen
teachers. Beautiful grounds. Magnificent
buildings. Large grounds for athlotlcs.
Elevator nnd Infirmary with attendant
nurso. Flno gymnasium. Everything
furnished at nn average cost to normal
students of $143 a year. Fnll term, Aug.
28. Winter term, Dec. 2. Spring term,
March 16. Students ndmitted to classes at
any time. For catalogue, containing fulJ
Information, apply to
S. II. ALUKO, Principal,
Mansfield Pa.,
ea90ocso98oaeeaoaeaa
B
S
a
8
0)
e
PA , f OaSS Borden
Perfect ",
mfaut EagSe Brand
FOOd Pniwtnnonrl Millf
"Tnf.inf TTpnltli ." la n llttlo book Of
5 great vuluo that is sent I'KCL on appll-
g cation. J
e N. Y. Condensed Milk Go, o
g 71 Hudson Street, Hew Yorfc
eooooceooooeooooots oooee
N1JYV YORK HOTELS,
An established hotel under new rnanncemorrfc
anU thoroughly abreast of tho times. Visitors to
New York will nd the Everett In the very heart
of tho shoppliiK district, comenlent tu piuces ot
amusement and readily accessible from all paru
tt tbo city. EUROPEAN PLAN.
Cor. Sixteenth St. and Irving Place,
NEW YORK.
(American Plan.)
GEO, MURRAY, Proprietor.
IS
fSii-K'M Hi, vSRfV fe "'(J ?IL.
wppn
3&r$ft$ lv4f1ass;jit5,
? mm -
WM. M . DATES. W4rtSvP'f i B. L. M. BATES.
WESTMINSTER HOTEL,
llrcadway and lilevrnlh St., New York,
Opp. (Irace Church. -Iinropean Plan.
Rooms Ji.oo a Day anil Upwards.
In a moilost and unobtruatvo way thore ars
few better conducted hotels iu tho njotropolii
tlmu thu Bt. Dunls.
Tho uroat popularity it b.ie nrqulrert oan
readily bo tracod to its unique lorntlon, its
llciaellko atmoMdiare, the peculiar oxcellunoe
ot its cuisine, and survicu, and Ha vary modar
to prices.
WILLIAM TAYLOR AND SON.