THE SCBANTOIT TBIBTOB- SATUBDAT OBOTNGr,' ' DECEMBER 19, 1896.
11
5
S
THE CAPITAL OF -THE
QUEERS DOMAIN
Stmethiif About tit Pktaresque ad
Lively City al Ottawa.
LEADS A KIND OP DOUBLE LIFE
Oaa Part of the Cttr i Traditioaal
4 Venerable, the Other la Coa
splcioaslr Vp toDateThe Uovera
r eat aa Public BaileUagi Ie
scribed--8ceaes ia and About the
Glgaatlc Sawmills Near the Falls.
Special Correspondence of The Tribune.
Ottawa, Ont., Sept. 28. Resuming
ur journey from North liay, we have
244 mile, of Interesting scenery before
reaching Ottawa. It In the wise policy
of the Canadian Pacific to establish di
visional points at Intervals of four or
Ave hours along its entire line, what
ever the state of the country through
which It traverses. At these places we
usually change locomotives. The run
from North Buy to Montreal. 364 miles.
will average thirty miles an hour the
farther eastward we travel the faster
the time made. At Nlpissing Junction,
four miles eastward, connections are
made with the Grand Trunk railway to
Toronto, Niagara Falls and the Unit
ed States.
We are now In the region of small
lakes north of Lake Huron. Scores of
these are seen near the railway and
would be considered large, except In
comparison with the chain of vast in
land seas that divides the United States
from the Dominion. We move on
through these never-ending surprises
over the great lone land of the Domin
ion, first to Alattewa, forty-six miles,
and then to Ottawa. 200 -miles-Addi
tional; The road as it follows down
the valley of -the -Mattewa along tne
streams and "breaks" brings to view
scenery that is very picturesque as
Been from the car windows. Little vil
lages, saw mill and newly made
farms are frequent. An attractive
point to tourists is Lake Temiscamin
gue. renowned for moose hunting, ca
noeing and fishing. To the south of
the railway Is Algonquin Park, which
comprises 1,466 square miles and was
laid out by the Ontario government in
1893 as a forest and game preserve and
health and pleasure resort.
ALONG THE OTTAWA.
At Mattewa we strike the Ottawa
river, the second In size in the prov
ince, and follow it all the way to Otta
wa, even to Montreal. Mattewa is an
old fur trading post of . the Hudson's
Bay company, but important now as
the center of a great lumbering dls
trlct. It has a. population of 1.800 and
aome fine public buildings, among them
a twin-spired Catholic cathedral, whose
glided domes are seen for many miles
arounu. .
We pass thirteen station in the next
hundred miles, when Pembroke is
reach a town of' 4,800 population
and the most important on this rail
way section, having immense saw
mills and many substantial Industries,
especially in. lumber,, where enormous
quantities oflogs are floated down the
broad Ottawa from the wild regions
north. The Indians were seen in the
rapids near Pembroke skilfully run
ning. their "drives of logs" down the
river, and wearing the air of men cer
tain of success.
The Ottawa aa it flows rapidly be
tween Its. lofty banks is deep and
navigable for steamboats for many
miles above, widening with each mile
below, until It unites with the St. Law
rence 600 miles from its- source at
Montreal; Its plcturesqueness as seen
from the Tallroad on its west bank
through this wild country, beggars de-
xrintinn. Him .ioi.li & BaratdlM for
sportsmen with rod and gun. -
From remoroae tne ruau iuhuw.
Ottawa valley through a good farming
country settled by English, Scotch and
German farmers. W? are' not In
French country .now; tne mrnia urw
larger and the modest cottages have
given place to farmhouses made of
brick and stone, which have a well-to-do
air about them. . The towns are
larger, there are more factories, more
hurry and more noise. All the way
along large clear streams come rush
ing down the hills at the weBt Into the
Ottawa river, where masklnlnge, trout,
...... i Kna o f..nml Wa titiM. before
reaching Ottawa twenty of these bright
busy manufacturing, wwm uu
quent saw mills at favorable water
powers along tne river Dam, surruunu
ed by vast plies of lumber. Among
ii . na.A llmnnto ParlfPtlhRltl.
Uirnr luniw m it .
Arnprlor and Kenfrew. having popula-
.... . -.w 1- A A
turns irom s.duu io j.ih vm-u. i
pdior, fifty miles west of Ottawa,
are medicinal springs. At Renfrew, a
branch road runs to Kingston, at the
mouth of Lake Ontario. At Casleton
Place Junction, twenty-eight miles
from Ottawa, a branch line runs south
ward to Brockvllle on tne t. iaw
rence river. Carleton has a population
of 6,000, and contains Immense saw
mills, railway and other workshops.
LOG BOOMS.
On the wide stretches of the Ottawa
river, all along, are enormous quanti
ties of saw-logs held in "booms" for
the use of the mills as needed. The
river Is literally strewn with strand
ed logs for miles and miles. There are
also "drives" or "floating shanties" of
squared timber on the river, that keep
the logs floating towards the "booms."
These- floats or ramps are manned by
lumbermen who thus secure their own
floating logs. ' Thy 'number 'some six
ty or seventy men. Who live on board
using their boats to Yelea.se the strand
ed logs. Each log' Is marked' with a
hammer of the owner, leaving the offi
cial Btamp, and Is easily separated
from the rest at the booms along the
river or at Ottawa. The booms are
made to catch the floating logs as they
pass. ....
The traveler may look out from the
car windows upon vast stretches of
logs which enchained in the long cir
cuits of the booms, almost ' hide the
water. Sometimes It takes two seasons
to float the logs from their sources in
the upper waters of. (he Ottawa, as
they often get "hung up" - In - these
streams and coves. The present
"drive" started in these upper waters,
that pour Into the Ottawa In May. and
for four months, has. been reaching its
destination. It was av novel sight to
witness hundreds of them floating or
laying In booms In the Ottawa river at
Hull. Wolfe a cove, and even down to
Quebec.
On the broad flats at Ottawa and
Hull, opposite, are acres, perhaps miles,
of great square plies of "deals," (lum
ber), estimated to contain 600,000.000
feet, while the cloud that rises beyond
comes from the Chaudlere Falls, where
the whole volume of the Ottawa river
takes a tumble and' Is utilised in fur
nishing power to a host of saw mills
and manufactories. This ia our Intro
duction Into the so-called "early Arc
tic lumber village" up to 1SH7. Let us
now see what its development has
been since It became a capital city.
THE DOMINION CAPITAL.
Ottawa Is picturesquely situated at
the Junction of the Rldeau river with
the Ottawa at a point where' the wat
ers of the Rldeau hurl themselves over
the Chaudlere falls into the seething
cauldron below. This cauldron is of
unknown depth; the sounding line has
not touched bottom, even with a length
of several hundred feet. The site for
grandeur is only second to that of
Quebec.
Though Ottawa Is the capital of the
great Canadian dominion It Is as yet a
city only in embryo. Its Importance
is mainly political, though the center
of the lumber industry of the Province
of Ontario. Like Quebec, It is divided
Into upper and lower, town.- - In the
doutle city flows a' double lite, a 'life
of a rich capital and the life of a rafting
and milling center; the life of that so
ciety that clusters around the govern
ment, and the life of the French Can
adian. Ottawa Is not only the seat of gov
ernment, a city of laws, , but a hive
of Industry, a city of saws. The up
per town rings with the eloquence of
legislators, while lower town shrieks
night and day- with- unremitting 'saw
mills. One says: "Ottawa Is city of
deeps and heights, of sharp contrasts
alike In its landscape arid Its .life and
society, for both are dominated by the
magnificent array of parliament build
ings which Imperially crown the loftiest
point in the city and in their. statell
ness have an air of authority which
characterises the government of not
only the dominion but Great Britain."
OTTAWA'S HI8TPKT.
Ottawa In 1C93 was a mere Indian
wigwam. In 1800 It was a prosperous
fur traders' settlement. From after the
war of 1812, when the imperial govern
ment was compelled to build the Rl
deau canal for strategic purposes, the
village grew and became a town of
near 8.0(H) population and when by or
der of Queen Victoria it became the
seat of government, it grew from 8.000
people In 1856 to' 40,000, and combined
with Hull the French city across the
river; it has today a population of
about 60.000.
The principal objects of Interest to
the -tourist aside from. the parliament
buildings and governmental offices,
which are the chief pride of the people,
and 'which we visited during our few
days' stay here, are Rldeau Hall, Rl
deau canal and locks, the geological
survey department, museum of natural
history, normal school, drill shed,
church of Notre Dame and English
churches and the postofflee. While the
commercial buildings are massive and
magnificent, they are so overshadowed
by the noble structures on parliament
hill that they are likely to be over1
looked. .
The beautiful grounds of parliament
hill, -Which' rise" boldly lw feet 'above
the rlwer; are laia' out In broad .walks,
which form the favorite, promenade of
the' cltisehs and tourists. A ramble
along the rim of the bluff on which
these noble buildings stand, with its
view of the'rlver far beneath, with its
waters plunging wildly over the Chau
dlere Falls, together with the busy
lumber district of Hull, and the beau
tlful expanse of country that stretches
afar Into the French province, is, with
the exception of the view from the
ramparts of Quebec, the finest, the
grandest scene In eastern Canada. The
citizens of Ottawa are exceedingly hos
pitable and take pride in pointing out
to strangers the many line residences
and business structures suggestive of
the general thrift, industry and pride
pervading the city. The style and
character or the later structures are
modern and attractive. Many, resi
dences are surrounded by a plot of
ground handsomely laid out and the
walks and-drives outside of the busi
ness area will amply repay the time of
the visltoti We are Indebted to Rev.
W. W. Carson, pastor of the First
Methodist church; Professor John Ma
coun, naturalist of the geological sur
vey department and museum at Otta
wa, and Hon. John R. Hall, secretary
of the department of the Interior, for
special favors and valuable memo
randa. ' . IMMENSE SAW MILLS.
The most Interesting part of Lower
Town is crowded about Chaudlere Falls,
the center of the lumber Interests of the
province. '. These falls afford water
power for a host of saw mills and other
manufactories and tnax power is almost
limitless. Here vast quantities of lum-
lr urn ma1 f mm th. -Intra , floated
down the Ottawa and jts. tributaries for
hundreds of m(les aooye, These inv
mense saw mills ' are equal. If hot su
perlor, to the Blakeney Mills we" lately
visited on Puget Hound, which are
said to be the largest In the world. The
air here Is full of the smell of fresh
cut pine and fir and saw dust Is the per
vading element. Tne store windows
are tilled with saws, axes, chains, pike-
poles, cants, dogs and gigantic boot
legs and Indescribable raiment.
The great river is literally caught
and put In harness. Part of its water
ulunees over the falls which forms a
great semi-circular chasm in mid-chan
nel and Is crossed py a suspension
bridge, while the rest of the current Is
used in many sluices. Every point of
rock is covered with structures of some
kind and out from every point of van
tage are built great embankments of
stone and timber, on which more mills
have been located. The mills crowd
half way across the river. As we ap
proach our ears tingle under the shriek
ing crescendo and diminuendo of innu
merable saws. Besides the saw mills,
here are flour mills, cement mills, wool
en and paper mills, and on' the other
side of the cataract, reaching out from
the Hull shore, Is a gigantic. structure
where matches and wooden ware are
made.
In the saw mills the chaos of strange
noises is indescribable and the scene
Is novel and Impressive beyond meas
ure, whether seen by daylight, or, by
nlirht in the plare of countless electric
lights for night and day the rending
and biting of the saws goes on. In
the river are the immense rough, brown
logs. Great chains and hooks are used
In grappling and dragging up these
lops Into the dens where numerous
teeth await them. What are known as
the upright saws are set together to
the number of two or three doxen in a
combination called a) "gate." which
plays up and down at a terribly rapid
rate. Against those teeth, these logs
are driven; steadily and Irresistibly
the saw bite's Its way from end to end
and the logs pass out on the other side
In the shape of yellow plank and boards.
Imagine a monster log, or logs, ap
proaching these glistening gates of steel
swiftly dividing into timber and edged
by the innocent looking humming cir
cular saws, then railroaded and plied
ns merchantable lumber Inside of one
minute, and yet this feat is a continual
occurrence for twenty-four hours . a
day and six days In a week the year
round. The dominion people every
where revere the Sabbath. ,
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS.
The Parliament buildings would do
honor to anv state or capital on the
globe. They form three sides of a
quadrangles covering nearly four acres
of ground on an eminence 160 feet above
the Ottawa river and from their tow
ers a superbly grand view is had of the
country around. The style of their
architecture is Italian-Gothic of the
twelfth century. The buildings while
substantial are also extremely orna
mental in appearance and are said to
have! few, If any, rivals In beauty on
the continent. The central block oc
cupies a stone terrace with brood slop
ing carriage approaches and is sur
mounted by a well proportioned tower
220 feet in height. In this block are the
two houses of parliament the com
mons and the senate chamber. The
arches of the doors and windows are
of red sandstone with stained glasB
windows and the columns and arches
of the legislative chambers are of
marble. The roofs are adorned with
variously colored slates, and the tow
ers and pinnacles with Iron trellis-
work an admirable combination of
simDllclty. grace, strength, and beauty
The side blocks contain the depart
mental offices of the dominion, which
are stately structures In the same
style of architecture and of the Bame
kinds of stone, une interior uecora
tions of the. parliament buildings are
very rich and tasteful, especially In
the chambers.
A marble statue and portrait of
Queen Victoria and full length portraits
of George III and Queen Charlotte
adorn the walls besides tablets, memor
ials, etc.. In - honor Of distinguished
Canadian statesmen, are scattered
through the various departments. The
. house of commons comprises IJJTi mem
bers. Those on the right of the speaker
support t'ue government, while those
on the left are the opposition.
The senate chamber Is 82 by 45 feet in
size, the same dimensions of the British
house of lords and elegantly furnished.
Eighty-two members compose this
honorable body. The vice-regal throne
Is only occupied by the governor gen
eral.' Near to It are busts of the prince
and princess or Wales. The speaker s
chair Is directly In front of the throne
and canopy. The Lord Chancellor's
sofa, or wool-sack. Is used by the six
supreme judges. The general appear
ance of the chamber is sombre and awe-
Inspiring.
. PARLIAMENT'S LIBRARY.
Not so with the buttressed, octagon
al-shaped parliament library, which en
joys the distinction or being the most
cheerful, commodious, convenient, and
handsome of all this noble group of
structures. This building. In which
such a store of literary wealth Is de
posited, Is not a public library but Is
maintained for parliamentary purpos
es. It is an Institution of which not
only the citizens of Ottawa but also
those of the whole dominion may be
proud. It is circular In form, the In
terior being ninety feet in dlumeter and
124 feet from the floor to its dome.
This lofty dome Is supported by
flying buttresses of admirable design.
In the center, upon a pedestal six feet
high, stands an Imposlug white marble
statue of Queen Victoria, holding her
regat scepter, surrounding this statue
Is a row of high, ornamental, circular
desks for the use of the Library clerks.
There are sixteen "Bays," or projec
tions, or iweniy-rour divisions each,
three stories high, filled with books of
merit numbering nearly 200,000 volumes.
The literature or each province has a
compartment or more set apart for It
on the ground floor, easy of access.
The upper floors contain general liter
ature. ...
The first stone of the parliament
buildings was laid by the Prince of
Wales in 1860, and In their present form
they represent a cost of over $",000,')00.
The. .parliament grounds are orna
mented by numerous canuonv' mortars,
etc. In the refrf of the "library standR
a section of a British Columbia , fir
tree, -surrounded by ,ank Iron band,
which was exhibited at the Paris and
Philadelphia expositions. The tablet
reads thus: "This tree was eight feet
In diameter, over 300 : feet high and
666 years old. It was J83 years old
when Columbus discovered America.
The age can be verified by counting
Its rings."
THE FIRST STEAMER.
The Canadians claim the honor of
building and sailing the first steamer
across the Atlantic, as seen by the fol
lowing tablet before entering the li
brary: TABLET.
In honor of the men by whose enterprise,
skill and courage "The Royal William,"
the first Vessel to cross the Atlantic by
steam power, was wholly constructed In
Canada and naviirateil in iRnirliiml in ifiiti
The pioneer of those mighty fleets of ocean
steamers by which passengers and mer
chandise of all nations are now conveyed
un every w inrougnout tne world.
The above memorial was uluce,! In unci
tlon by His Excellency the Governor dt-n-erul,
on the occasion of the opening of the
uiunmi i.umerence, June za, ism.
r. b. mis vessel was built in PIctou,
Nova Scotia.
In the suburbs of the city two miles
distant on the road leading to Rldeau
Falls, through the suburb of New Ed
inburgh, Rldeau hall, the residence
of Lord Aberdeen, governor general of
the dominion, and the center of the
brilliant social life of Ottawa. To our
surprise we found It a most unpreten
tious residence, "a nap-hazard conglom
eration of plaster, brick and stone,"
but for all a very comfortable com
modious home-life place. The grounds
are spacious, the site picturesque,
though hardly adapted for an official
representative of the Imperial family
and government.
The season at Ottawa is during the
winter months, when parliament is in
session, and then the extensive grounds
of the governor general become the
scene of typical Canadian merry-malt-
There's only one
The best cooking fat.
Cleanlier than lard and more healthful.
Genuine Cottoleoe Is sold everywhere with trade marks "OMottnt" aad
ttetr i htad in cottun-planl wrtathoa every tin.
A baoilaomel? HluMrated KiMtn (Memlar of unique deslfn, tor 1W7, conUtnlnc Three
nunilKU and maty-live Selected Rclp by the beat known ttacheraof end wiiUrsoa
cookery. Will be mm on receipt of tlita adverliaenieni and ! cants Is suuapa.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY, Chicago. Iu.
Ing. We were courteously shown
these grounds. Here was a larjre con
servatory, flower garden, skatlng-pond
and long toboggan slides, golf grounds,
&c, where officials and visitors from
over the dominion and also from the
Mother Country, enjoy the exhilarating
Canadian past-times.
SUMMER TOBOGGANING.
They have here a species of summer
tobogganing vastly more thrilling,
novel and even perilous, In the descent
of the lumber-slides. These so-called
"slides" by which the square timber
from the Upper Ottawa passes down
the river into navigable waters below,
are marvelous. To go down them as
nearly every visitor does is an exciting
and exhilerating experience to the cour
ageous, but by the nervous and tim
orous It should Ibe omitted. These
".slides" are long flat-bottomed shapely
sloping channels of massive stone
work and timber. They are built for
the passage of great logs which have
been squared In the wood and which
would bu damaged by such merciless
grinding and battering as the ordinary
logs receive In their plunge over the
falls. The squared logs are made up for
the descent into "cribs" of about
twenty sticks exactly fitting the slides.
The adventurous voyageurs perch
themselves upon the highest timber in
the rear and by Immense oars the huge
mass is cleverly steered to the river.
The Rldeau canal is an object of in
terest also to the vlBltor. It starts at
Cape Vincent and Kingston on the St.
Lawrence and runs 180 miles and con
nects with the Ottawa river at Ottawa
by a series of locks having a drop of &0
feet. Since the Introduction of the ex
tensive railway system, the traffic over
It has been greatly reduced and only a
few freight boats and lumber barges
run around the rapids at Ottawa for
Montreal. These lumber barges are
sent to Kingston ftoni Ottawa and
thence Into the United states.
J. E. Richmond.
HOTELS,
wm. m. bates. C "q I a,LM'aATE9'
As established hotel under new management
and thoroughly abreaat of ttaa times. Vtalumi to
New York will find tbe Everett In the Yery heart
ot the ahopplns nUtrlct, convenient to places ot
amuaement and readily accessible from all parts
tf the city. EUBOPEAN PLAN.
MANSFIELD 5TATB NORflAL SCHOOL,
intellectual and practical training for
teachers. Three courses of study be aides
preparatory. Special attention given to
preparation tor college. Students ad
mitted to beat colleges on certificate.
Thirty graduates puraulng further studies
last year. Great advantages for special
studies In art and niosle. Model school of
three hundred pupils. Corps of sixteen
teachers. Beautiful grounds. Magnificent
buildings. Largs grounds for athletics.
Elevator and infirmary with attendant
nurse. Fine gymnasium. Everything
furnished at an average coat to normal
students ot $148 a year. Fall term, Aug.
H. Wliitor term, Dec. 1 Spring term.
March 18. Students admitted to classes at
any time. For catalogue, containing full
Information, apply to
S. II. ALBRO, Principal,
Mansfield Pa..
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BROSan
The Old and Reliable Liquor Dealers,
Wish their many friends and the public generally a Merry Christmas, and desire to inform their patrons that they are
better preparedthan ever to accommodate
TME
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This firm is celebrated as being the most extensive in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and for carrying the
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Special Pride Is Taken in Catering to the Holiday Trade. They are Members of the
Casey & Kelly Brewing Company Manufacturers of Fine Lager Beer, Ales and Porters. All
Orders by flail or Telephone Promptly Attended to.
CASEV BROS., WJipldfeiquor Dealers,
No. 21 6 Lackawanna AvcrScrantoh, Pa
Telephone Call, 2162
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