!
TRIBUNE- SATURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 21, 189.
THE SCRANTON
ALWAYS THE CHEAPEST," OUR MOTTO.
LOOK
FOR THE
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ME
4-C6NT ST0R6
J. H. UDWIC. PROP., 310 LACKAWANNA AVENUE. BRANCH : 111 SOUTH MAIN AVENUE.
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Om Price 10c
Y DILUW MAWR
YN NGHAERDYDD
A Graphic Description ol the Great
Deluge at Cardiff.
2,000 PEOPLE DROWNED IN WALES
The Great Flood which Engulfed the
Whole of the Sea Cosat of South
M ales and Monmouthshire for Sev
eral Miles Inland in the Year 1000.
Notes of Interest.
Hardly anyone seems t be aware of
the fact that little over 289 years ago,
namely, at I) o'clock In the morning of
January 20, 1607, the town of Cardiff
was all drowned by the sea. The In
teresting inscription reproduced below
is on the wall In Nash church, Gold
cllfle, and in the porch of the chuich of
8t. Bride, Owentllwg, Is another re
lating to the same appalling calamity,
which engulfed the whole of the sea
coast of South Wales and Monmouth
for several miles Inland. The St.
Bride inscription is as follows:
THE GREAT FLVD,
; . , 20 IANVARIE,
I JN THE MORNING,
! 1606.
It may be useful to explain why an
event occurring on January 20. 1607, Is
dated "1606." Down to the year 1753
there was two years running concur
rently. The civil, ecclesiastical, and
legal year commenced on March 25.
and the other, commonly called the
common historical year, commenced on
January 1. Thus January 20, 1607. of
the common, historical year would be
in the year 1606 of the ecclesiastical and
legal year. In the churches the date
is given in accordance with the eccle
siastical year. In 1753 an act of par
liament was passed ordaining that
henceforward both years should com
mence on January 1. Another change
took place subsequently, when eleven
days were added to the year for rea
sons that do not relate to this sub
jest. Thus the ecclesiastical Gwyl Fair
or the Festival of St. Marv, associated
with which St. Mary Hill Fair was
held, was changed from August 15 to
'August 26, the date on which the fair
has been held ever since. The whole
system Is ecclesiastical holy days was
thus dislocated.
There are two principal reports of
tne great flood in existence. One Is in
MS. in the British museum Harleian
Miscellany, Vol. III. This account Is
quoted In Mr. W. L. Jenkins "History
of the Town and castle of Cardiff."
pages 30 and 31, .1854. This account
deals exclusively with the circum
stances of the flood at Cardiff. The
next account is found in a sermon de
livered In the next month at any rate,
the sermon is entered at Stationers'
hall on Feb. 12, 1607 by William Wel
by, apparently a clergyman, who
sought to "improve the occasion" by
preaching that the great Hood was a
second deluge for the sins of the
wicked. A ballad touching the calam
ity was entered at Stationers' hall on
Feb. 11. 1607. It would be highly in
teresting were It discovered and pub
lished,, and, doubtless. would be
Healthier readng than the Rev Will
iam Welby's views on the natural phe
nomenon In question. Viewing all the
terrible circumstances. It appears that
the calamity, which Is more terrible
than any other recorded in the annuls
of the BrltUh Isles, was the result of a
volcano bursting along the deep bed of
the Severn from Gloucester to Llan-
stephan, and hurling the wafer out of
the channel on both the Ktiglish and
Welsh coasts, with the result that the
waters of the Atlantic rolled
In with appalling velocity. It
seems to me that the bursting forth of
this awful subterranean fire was the
last act of the Creator in completing
the vast South Wales and Monmouth
shire coal Melds, ready to be worked
by man. Those who have studied the
geological aspect of the coal measures
of that great field are aware that, the
country Is full of traces of Immense
volcanic action. Those actions have
left their traces In the great fractures
in the layers called strata. In many
places at the junctions of the break
ages are Btill seen the purple coloring
left on the shale and rocks by the
flames which shot forth through the
cracks by the internal forces.
Those were days when the mountains
of South Wales leaped like lambs, uml
danced quadrilles like fairies In the
moonlight. It was a period before even
our friends, the Druids, had come to
the Ynis Wen. Then came countless
centuries, during which the weight of
the mountains acted as vast cheese
wrings, to compress the vast coal meas
ures into solidity. How carefully the
layers of coal were laid before the
wrings were applied from above! The
compression confined below incalcul
able quantity of fiery gases. Those
gases ascended in the valleys, and oc
casionally Ignited in small quantities
and gave occasion to our ancestors to
believe there were, in the words of
Shakespeare, "Goblins damned," who,
In the words of Evangelina. of Cwms
gwt, were allowed to visit terra flrma.
At least, In accordance with Lyell's
theory, the internal heat caused by the
confined gasea caused an expansion of
the earth's crust, and It cracked at
the weakest point, namely, at the bot
tom of the sea. This admitted water
below. That water and the Internal
fires In conflict generated steam, and
the force of the latter shook the earth
till it rocked to and fro. In the case
of the volcanic action of the Severn
Valley on Jan. 20, 1607, It seems the
Are which rushed forth nearly over
whelmed the waters of the channel,
and would have done so had it not
been for the Atlantic waves rolling in,
like the reserve squadrons of the Al
mighty to conquer! They seem to have
extinguished the internal fires under
South Wales and Monmouthshire, and
made It possible to work the coal meas
ures. Every miner sees in the divisions
of each coal seam the design of the
Maker In preparing It, so that the
seam can be taken to pieces, one sec
tion of It after another.
The first account given below re
lates to Cardiff "Upon Tuesday," the
report goes on to state, "being the 20th
of January, 1607, there happened such
an overflow of water, such a violent
swelling of the sea, and such forci
ble breaches made of the flrme land In
the counties following, that is to say,
In the counties of Gloucester, Somer
set, Monmouth, Glamorgan, and Caur
marthen, and divers and sundry places
of South Wales, the like never in the
memory of man hath ever bin seen or
heard of. For, about nine of the clock
In the morning, the sun being most
fayrely and brightly spred. many of
the Inhabitants of the countreys pre
pared themselves to their affaryes:
Then they might see and perceive afar
off. as It were In the element, huge
and mighty hills of water, tumbling
one AVer another. In such sort as If the
greatest mountaynes In the world had
overwhelmed the lowe villages and
marshy grounds.
"Sometimes it dazzled the eyes cf
many of the spectators that they Im
agined it had bin some foggeg or miste
coming with sreat swiftness toward
them, and with such a smoke as of
mountaynes on fire. And to the view
of some it seemed as If mylllons of
thousands of arrows had bin shat
all at one time. So violent and
swift were the outrageous waves that
In less than Are hours' space must
In less than Ave hours' space most
places which lay low. were all overflown,-
and many hundreds of people
both men. women and children were
then quite devoured by those outrage
ous waters. Nay, more, the farmers,
and husbandmen, and shepherdes be
held their goodly (loekcs of sheep swim
ming upon the waters dead.
"The names of some of the towns
and villages which suffered great
harms anil losses hereby were Bristoll
Aust, all the countries on both sides of
the Severn from Glouohester to Bristoll
Chepstowe, Olodollft, Mtherne, Call
cot, Moores. Itedrift, Newport, Car
dille, Swanaey, Luughurne, Lansteph
an. "The foundation of many churches
and housed were In a manner decayed,
and some carried quite away, and In
Cardiffe, in the county of Glamorgan,
a greut portion of the church next the
waterside was beaten down with (by)
water.
"Divers other churches lay hidden In
the waters, and some of them the tops
are to be seen, and some others noth
ing at all to be seen but the very tops
of the steeples, and of some of them
nothing ut all."
The style of the foregoing towards
the close of the narrative Indicates
that It was penned while the churches
were still under water.
The Rev. William Welby heads his
discourse as follows:
WOFULL NEWS FROM WALES.
It was printed for W. W. and solile In
Paule's Chureh-yurdo at the signe of the
Grey hound.
We are tola by W. W. that man was
made last of all us 'a mappe, a summe, or
an abridgement of the whole worlde's per
fections." Then the worthy divine Im
plies that tho "mappe" get occasionally
llrty, and that Hoods are necessary to
wash away the "dirle." It does not rcem
this sermon Is likely to make the reader
any better, and we, therefore, proceed to
our tex:. The discourse contains the fol
lowing narrative of facts touching the
calamity:
"In the month of Iasuarle last past,
upon a Tuesday, the sea, being very tem
pestuously move 1 bv the winded, over
flowed the ordinary bunkes, and drowned
2i, parishes udjuynlng the coast .iido in
the presalde county of Monmouttlslilrc,
particulars whereof d follow: till
spoyled by the greevous and lamentable
furle of the water." Then the names of
2."i of the parishes are given.
"Now," the narrative goes on to state,
"all klnde of cattle, being for 21 mihM in
length and four in breadth, were
drowned."
Then It Is stated that houses of all kinds
and hay and corn rleks were wn filed
away. After Indulging in half a column
of twaddle, the writer of the sermon re
turns to somber facts. He states that so
fast did the water travel Inland from the
sea that no greyhound could have run
faster. This in Monmouth alone formed a
lake twenty-four miles in length and four
miles In breadth. And he states it was
still under water at the time he was
writing his sermon. He states that nt
Llandaff four hundred ewes, the property
of Mrs. Matthews, perished at a spot four
miles from the sea. lie adds: 'Much corn
also is destroyed by the waters in that
county." Then he goes on to state that
the exact number of people drowned was
not yet known, but the number did not
exceed two thousand. He gives credit to
Lord Herbert, of Raglan Castle, and Sir
Walter Montague for the aid they ren
dered the pool people by means of boats
and food. It is Interesting to know that
the said Lord Herbert was the celebrated
Marquess of Worcester, who forty years
later succoured King Charles 1. at Rag
lan Castle, and who eventually was com
pelled to yield that castle to Cromwell's
forces.
This is the same flood which did Car
diff such damage and which was de
scribed in the Western Mall almanac
for 1SU6, as follows: "Early In the sev
enteenth century a great disaster be
fell Cardiff. On Jan. 18, 1G07. the
Church of St. Mary, a very ancient ctu
clform edifice, which stood on the east
ern side of the old bed of the river,
occupying a site n few yards north of
the Western Mail buildings, was
washed away by a great Hood, the rav
ages of which extended over an Im
mense tract of land lying on both sides
of the Bristol channel."
The old church Is marked In Speed's
map of the period, and must have been
a stately edifice, more so even than the
present church of St. John's.
NOTES.
Pembrokeshire, the astronomer royal
tells us, has had more sunshine last year
than any county In England or Wales.
It was ever so, It seems to us. In 17.11.
for Instance, some unknown person sent
to the Rev. George Phillips, of Haverford
west, a sum of Hm, and directed that It
should be applied towurd the support of
poor insolvent debtors in any of the gools
within Haverfordwest. The sum annu
ally uccrtiing from it is ii Ids., which Is
able to keep the debtors in tobacco (Hid
tflruws In "something hoi" In thu bar
gain. It is stated thut out of every eight peo
ple in Wrexham Is a Roman Catholic.
It Is said more sailors are to be found
in Cardiff at one time than in any other
port la Ureal RriCuiu.
A report has been reached thnt Sir
Richard Uulkeley is to be appointed lord
lieutenant of the county of Anglesey in
the place of the late .Mr. Richard Davels,
who was u nominee of Mr. Gladstone, but
he deserted his patron In lSbti and joined
tho Unionists.
It Is not without Interest to note, says
the Curdlff Mall, that Welshmen are real
izing that there is a greater evil even
than McKlnley, the president-elect of the
United States.
The near relationship between Cornish
men and Welshmen is a fact which has
almost faded away from observation.
Klght hundred years ugo Cornwall was
known as West Wales, and ours us North
Wales, South Wales then having no sep
arate existence. About a hundred years
ago old Polly l'entraeth died, who Is said
to have been tho last to speak Welsh In
Cornwall. The names of numbers of
places in Cornwall are pure Welsh.
Owalla's daughters appear to beat rival
ry with her sons In the matter of main
taining Wales' reputation in the musical
world. In the recent competition at the
Royal Academy of Music lor the Parepa
Rosa Cold .Medal, first honors were won
by Miss Clara Williams, a native of North
Wales.
The Swansea Cymrodorlon Male choir,
which took the second prize ut the na
tional eisteddfod at Llunduduo, Included
among Its members several young Irish
Horn an Catholics. One of them (Mr. J.
MeSweeney) was the chairman of the so.
cley. He also is, or was recently, the sec
retary of the Swansea branch of the Irish
National league.
"It is Impossible," writes a Welsh com
missioner "to conceal the fact that good
writers of Wlesh ate scarce at the pres
ent time, and hard to find."
In Gwllym Hlraethog's time Wales suf
fered from three devils the devil of sing
ing, the devil of electlnilleacons, and I he
devil of letting seats. Had he been alive
now he would have added: a fourth devil
the devil of a proposed Welsh Land Court.
What Is the meaning of the word
"Cymro"? Professor Khys, in the Welsh
Lnnd report, says that the word stands
for an earlier Cambrox, or Combrox. par
allel to the Gaulish Allo-krox, a name
applied by Gauls to certain Llgurluns,
whose country they conquered. And Just
as Allubrax meant an alien or foreigner
(Welsh Allfru), so Combrox miipt have
meant "one br longing to one's own coun
try, a compatriot."
A wildly Indignant placard has been put
In public places In Carmarthen. It Is In
the "purest Welsh, an I the Idea mcy b
weakly conveyed In Envlh as follows:
".Municipal Election. To the Welsh Elec
tors. Don't promise your vote to, and
don't vote for, and candidate who does
not publish his address in the ancient na
tional language of Wales, namely, Welsh.
It brings slander and contempt upon us, a
nation for Welshmen, to address us in
English." If so, Wales is much slan
dered these days.
It is traditional policy of the Dowlals
Iron company never to allow insldera
tions of cost to enter Into their delibera
tions, ff a thing was wanted it was
made or bought, be the cot what It
might. The wisdom of the poliey Is being
shown today, for not only Is the machin
ery at Dowlais second to none in the
world, hut it Is said that one of the blast
furnace has worked continuously for
the last fourteen ears without entailing
a penny in the way of cost or repairing.
Herr Wolff, the leader of the Dutch
hand which has helped so much to make
the exhibition popular, had a warm time
with the bookln clerk of the Taff Vale
railway station at Cardiff the other day.
Herr Wolff wanted to go up the Rhondda,
but ho had forgotten tho namo of the
station, and the booking clerk rattled
through the names without hitting the
right one. At lust the musician said, "I
vunt to go and see my friend, Tom Steph
ens." "oh! you wan't Ystrad." said the
clerk; and the matter was settled through
Tom Stephens being so celebrated.
Miss Gertrude Ttrlnkwnter, of the Royal
Female party that visited Scrauton a few
years ago, was invited by Sir Alexander C.
Macketisie, principal of the Royal Acad
emy of .Music, to sing recently at the
annual banquet of the Worshipful Com
pany of Musicians, at which function the
medallist for the year was presented to
the court. She was certainly the star of
the evening: and her contributions were
enthusiastically encored, and at t lie close
she was congratulated by Sir John Stain
tr. The oak episode at Ncwcastle-Emmlyn
In connection with "Dafycld ap Gwllym"
Is correct. The poet was somewhat fonil
of such practical Jokes, inviting occasion
ally as many as two dozen fair damsels
to meet him. Kilt the Newcastle-Emlyn
lasses had the best of It on the occasion
he tried his game there. The four Joined
to lie in wait for poor David Williams, and
on his dismounting from the oak they
seized, and frog-marched him through the
town, and, us a finale, pitched him very
unceremoniously into the Teiii, at a spot
known from this event as 1'wll lall Will
lams. "Dafydd up Gwllym," of course,
was only his bardic appellation.
When Gwallter Mecham was vicar of
Llanfechain, a "spirit" troubled In the
parish church, until the vicar, with the
aid of a Bible and prayer book, "layed"
the ghost and placed It in a bottle, which
he took to church for that purpose. Many
years after, when the church was being
repaired, the workmen found a buttle
wall' d up In a recss in the wall. The mm
recollected the ghost story, and they
sought the udvlee of the village shoemak
er. He was a daring man, und he took
the bottle In his two arms and carried
it to the River Cain. It was there broken
on the stones to release the spirit to its
"natural elements." liut. Instead of hear
ing the shrieks of an escaped ghost, the
workmen were sorry So And that they hail
sent to waste some well-preserved sacra
mental wine.
"Welsh ale," as described by a wit
ness before the pure beer committee. Is
a libel upon Wales, for the name does
not denote its place of origin, but is simply
a plearant sounding description of "a
thick, gluey kind of beverage." made half
of foreign barley and half of sugar, ami
sold to dockers and others of the laboring
class. The secret of its poiinlarltv (says
the Dally Telegraph) is sail to he the
power of producing thirst Instead of as
suaging It. for in this rey;ect it is war
ranted to give points to the roughest har
vest beer that was ever brewed. .Mr. E. J.
G' Imnif tt, who gave this testimony,
makes beer for the farmers-and laborers
of South Lincolnshire. They are ex
cellent Judges of what ale should be and
It Is his proud boast that never since he
has been In the trade thnt he has used
anything but English barley, malt and
hops In its manufacture, except for a lit
tle while in 1H73-M. when the state of the
crops compelled him to use some sutrar.
Peer may, he said, lie occasionally adul
terated in London, bet It is very seldom
tampered with in thp country. After this.
Mr. A. IJoriion Salamon. vice-president of
the Siclety of Chemical Industry, was
examined. He averred that there was
nothing whatever of a del'terious nature
in the. "substitutes" used by many brew
ers, and declared that Mr. yuiltcr's Pure
liver lilll would do great harm if it would
become law. Inasmuch as It would un
fairly handle.?!) the British brewer n his
competition wth the foregner. A man
which made beer ouiht to he aPowed free
choice of material, provided he used noth
ing that was injurious.
It srerns that Mr. Jacob Davles. father
of Mrs. Clara Novello Da vies, conducted
a choir of ?')0 voices at the Crystal Palace,
when he was V2 yeais of age, and he pas
been at it ever since.
CASTOR HA
For Infants and Children.
Tit fl. f
rlailt sf , fa
Ininr " -Si. mn
HEARD IN THE
WORLDQF SONG
Enjoyable Events in Prospect lor Music
Lovers.
THE FIRST SYMPHONY CONCERT
Entertainment by -Hiss Timbrrmnn
II ud I'upilwTlie Celebrated Dutch
Pianist Mnrtinus Kicvcking Will 11c
Heard December 22Kccve Jones
Recited Personal aud Other
Notes.
Choir directors of tho various city
churches are already at work on Christ
mas music, which is becoming more
elaborate each year und It Is probable
that the programmes presented this
season will surpass those of previous
yeurs. Complete Christmas programmes
by one composer may be procured of
the music dealers, und nearly every
writer of sacred song has a Christmas
service upon his list of compositions.
Soinu of the works offered this year
me very good and others are excrutlnt
inir. It is not likely that the public
will be ottered an opportunity to judge
in ninny instances as the average choir
director generally prefers to make his
own selections, rather than rely upon
the inspiration of one composer for
an entire programme.
I! II II . , ,
The next Chamber concert will be
given Dec. 10.
II il II
Organist George B. Carter, formerly
of tills city, has recently been attract
ing considerable attention nt Klmira
by his work at organ and piano re
citals. Organist Carter still holds the
position ns organist nt Meecher's church
which bo assumed upon his departure
from Scrauton about n year ago.
II II II
"Saul of Tarsus" will be given at
Pcnn Avenue Baptist church on Dec.
1. under direction of Fred Whlttemore.
II II II
One of the most Intelligent musicians
of the city is Alfred Ernst, chief en
gineer ol tho Lneknwnnna Iron and
Steel company. Mr. Ernst played lirst
violin last rear In the Symphony or
chestra, is a regular attendant at the
Chamber concerts and in other ways
exhibits a live interest In musical nf
fatrs. He lias a natural aptitude for
the violin, accounted for, possibly by
the fact that he is a great nephew of
lleinrich Wilhclm Ernst, the celebrated
Austrian violinist, from whom he re
ceived a line Instrument arW several
unpitMlstii d compositions. Were Mr.
Ernst to devote himself to the violin,
it Is not too much to say that h.i would
become one of its few rreat masters,
for be has exceptional endowment in
that direction.
II II il
Ellen Bench Yaw, the phonnirnnt
soprano, who pan in this city last
season under auspices of Company It,
Is In ill health and will probably be
unable to (ill concert engagements this
year.
II II 'I
The Symphony society will enter upon
the coming seueon with renewed vigor
and tho coming concerts will undoubt
edly be superior in every way to those
of last winter. The members of the
society have made marked progress
under the direction of Mr. Hentbereer
and is today nn organization of which
musicians In Northeastern Pennsyl
vania should feel proud. The lirst
symphony concert this season will be
given on Dec. 3.
il II II
Dec. 22 has been fixed upon ns the
date of the concert to be given in this
city by Martinus Sieveking, the great
Dutch pianist. In speaking of Mr.
Sieveklng's performance at his debut
In Now York city cm Monday night, tho
Mail and Express says: "Mr. Sieve
king made tin' composer' work anil
Idea prominent, without intruding to
any extent his own powers as a Vlrt
uuso. When the occasion required it
he could accomplish wonders, but ha
did them more us a matter of courso
and less for making a display than is
the way of most artists."
II II II
Miss Tlmbcrman and pupils will give
an entertainment ut Young Men's
Christian association hall on Dec. 13,
assisted by Miss Amy Fay, of New
Y'ork, an accomplished pianist, who
is well known as the author of "Muslo
Study In Germany." On this occasion
the Philomel Ladies' quartette will
maku their debut. Tho quartette is
composed of .Miss Grace Rose, Miss
Annie Rose, Miss Irene Kann and Miss
Lilly Josephs. A pleasing programme
has been arranged, the first part of
which will consist of a sung recital
by Miss Tlmbcrman and pupils. Dur
ing Miss Timborman's brief residence
In Scranton she hus verified her repu
tation as an urtist nml ns a teacher,
and there is no doubt that the coming
entertainment under her direction will
be both unique and artistic and Will
be an enjoyable musical event.
II II II
J. W. Parson Trice, of New York, the
well known vocal teacher, speaks as fol
lows of The Tribune's London corre
spondent, the talented vocalist. Miss
Sadie Kaiser: "I should think that
every Wilkes-Barrean ought to feel ex
tremely proud of Miss Sadie Kaiser's
success in London and vicinity. Per
sonally. I feel great pride in her suc
cess, although I only had the honor of
an introduction and a shake of tho
hand with the little lady. We are gen
erally too apt to deny the deserved
honors of our own townsfolk, but "there
are others" who jump at the opportun
ity of appreciating talent, and 'Little
London' Is now doing that for littl
(successful) Miss Kaiser."
II II II
Mrs. B. T. Jayne, solo soprano anj
director of music nt the Washburn
Street Presbyterian church, Is one of
the busiest of Scranton's musicians. In
nddltiiin to her church engagement,
Mrs. Jayne devotes Tuesday, Wednes
day and Thursday of each week to her
pupils in voice culture at her pleasant
home In Green Ridge. Some of her
pupils rank among the leading singers
of the city. She also fills numerous
concert engagements, singing on Thurs
day morning of this week at the Cam
brian Choral society concert at Forest
City, and last evening was the soprano
soloist at the concert given nt the close
of the annual session of the Lackawanna-Wyoming
County Musical alliance
held at Factoryville.
II II II
The rumor that the Lawrence band is
to be called the Thirteenth Regiment
bund is denied by Allan Lawrence, the
leader.
II II II
Reeve Jones will give nn Invitation
pianoforte recital at his studio, 32 Ad
ams avenue, on Monday at which he
will be assisted by Miss Elizabeth,
Thomas, soprano, and Miss Ilammett,
accompanist.
II H II
Miss Elizabeth Thomas, soprano at
the First Presbyterian church, wishes
to correct rumors to the effect that she
In studying music In Scranton. Miss
Thomas holds a certificate from the
Royal Academy at London as a teach
er, and is prepaied to accept pupils in
voice culture at any time.
BLOOD IS LIFE and upon the purity
and vitality of the blood depends the
health of the whole system. Experience
proves Hood's Sarsaparilla to be the
best blood purifier.
HOOD'S PILLS act easily nnl
promptly on the liver and bowels. Cure
sick headache. ,