9
SOME WONDERS OF
THE SKIES ABOVE
Mars Inhabited by a Race of Beings
Superior to Us.
THE HUMAN BODY CLOSELY EXAMINED
It I Made t'p of Mae of Crawling
nil Voracious Puraile-Itcu!t
of a Ulanco Through the Electric
Eve, Iho Curi- Instrument ln
vented by a Kingston Scientist.
On Wednesday. Oct. 23. ISSt. The Trlb
na urltiteil an article describing; the views
een the Saturday evening previous ly
two of its c-ditoru through a peculiar in
strument known as the "Klectrie fcye,
the invention of Professor O. Coles, of
KitiKston. The paper read by Professor
Coles last Monday IiiornliiK ut the K ill
l'ark church before the Methodist Mlnls
terlal association bavins revived Interest
In that instrument and in the claims of Its
inventor. It is deemed timely to reprint
that description.whlch will probably be new
to many of our readers. Wefore doint? so
It should be said that the original Kyu has
eine been broken, and that PrutVsMor
Coles has about three-fourths completed
u new one, much larger In dimensions and
Ittted touether with superior niatermls
and precision of workmanship. Ho hopes
to have this second instrument done with
in a few months and then promises far to
urpass the achievements of the llrst
crude mechanism, some of which urn ex
plained below.
Fourteen years apo a young man was
stauding In an exposed house during a
severe thunder storm. There came a
blinding Hash of lightning which enter
ed through un open window, stunned
the young man, crashed through a man
tel Into u fireplace on the opposite side
of the room und spent Its force In the
ground underneath. When the young
man recovered his eye rested on a pecu
liar sight. Uefore the storm a china
plucque had stood, snow white, upon
the mantel. Aftewurds, Its crystal sur
tuce was marked by an angulur streuk
of black, as If a piece of charcoal had
been dtuwn zlg-zug-wise across the
placciue. An examination of the plucque
showed that this black murk was a
literal portrait of the path described
by a Hash of lightning. It could not be
erased. It was burned in the china, a
Vivid memento of the dying storm.
This peculiar circumstance set the
young man to thinking. He had always
been of an Inquiring turn of mind, but
the mystery of that electric photograph
puzzled him and he decided to master
It. It took him fourteen years of pa
tient and Incessant study to do so; of
experimentation with crude tools and
under great disadvantages; of steady,
persistent and self-ilonyintr toll, often
performed amidst the Jeers of persons
who lightly pronounced him an enthus
iast and a "crank." Hut the young
man at last succeeded, and In doing so
added new and far reaching fields of
- inquiry to the domain ol modern sci
ence, THE INSTRUMENT EXHIBITED.
That Investigator was Professor C.
Coles. The result of his inquiry Is com
prised in an instrument culled the
"Electric Eye," of which The Tribune,
more than a year ago, printed a partial
description. At the time of this former
publication the professor had not per
fected his mysterious mechanism to
the degree which he thought would war
rant a public exhibition. He promised,
within u few weeks, to explain by ac
tual demonstration much that seemed
incredible. An attack of Illness kept
him from the redemption of his prom
ise until Inst Haturiluy night, when a
party of Hcrantonlans visited Kingston
us the guests of Dr. 1). H. Hand and
were accorded an evening's observation
of the "Electric Eye," and through the
"Eye" a glimpse of Mars, then In un
rivalled brilliancy in the Eastern
heavens.
The things about to be related were
Been, one after another, by six adult
persons who had not previously par
taken of so much as a drop of Susque
hanna river water. They were seen
in an atmosphere originally surcharged
with doubt; they are the cold, uncol
ored facts of the matter, told In the ac
curate language of exact description.
such as would pass as first class evi
dence In any court of law; and yet
those who read this article will not be
lieve It.
LIKE A MAGIC LANTERN.
The "Electric Eye," in the construc
tion of which Professor Coles passed
the greuter part of fourteen yeurs, hav
ing often no better tools than a Jack
knife und a pair of pliers, in appear
ance resembles an ordinary stereop-
ticon, doubled In size. It stands upon
a box-like frame and is mounted on
small casters. It has at one end a pro
jecting nozzle Into which bus been in
serted a bowl-like, translucent china
eye. At the opposite end there Is a
small aperture about the diameter of
a half dollar, through which the behold
er looks. In order to perceive the won
tiers within. Un the top of the case of
the mechanism there is a small glass
cap, an inch hlzh and crowned with a
small disc of brass, having an opening
the size of the eye of a line cambric
needle. Over this minute aperture, a
brass wire depends. At various points
alongside tho body of the Pox which
forms the mechanism's main part, and
also parallel to the forwurd nozzle, and
connecting with the interior of the box
at one end, and nt the other end with
the nozzle's outer terminus, similar
, wires stretch. In one side of the main
box there is a crank like handle, which
communicates with the "Eye's" inte
rior. This handle la like the handle to
a windlass, and by it the inventor, with
evident exertion, gears the internal
economy of his appliance up to the de
sired degree of wonder-worklfig activ
ity. At several points there are knobs
and buttons which connect with the
stored power of the "eye's" Interior
and assist in the regulation of its visual
nights.
POLLYWOGS AND LEECHES.
The first experiment of the evening
consisted oi an examination of ordin
ary rain water. Under the eaves of the
lirofessor'n hlillsf. KtfM)fl ft Imrrol nartlv
full of drippings. One of the visitors
teicnea a luinuenui, wnicn to all ap
pearances was as clear and as pure as
the most crystalline spring water. A
common pin was passed to half Its
length Into this water. The pin was
men imeu up anu on its point neld a
small globule of water probably as
large as a grain of fine table salt. This
water was placed over the minute aper
ture which was likened to the eye of
a cambric needle, and not more than
One-tU'entb.th nf li Vel1tr machml 1,
Interior of the "Eye." An electric t-ir-
cuii was men lormea. tne gearing
crank was screwed up until from the
mechnnism's interior came a sound like
the ticking of a wheezy clock. Ten
seconds later the room was partially
darkened and the visitors were invit
ed to "take a look at the professor's
aquarium."
In the interior of the mechanism a
vivid lijrht shone, of a peculiarly soft
and yet distinct fxiwer. It resembled
bottled sunlight, and that is what It
was, according to the professor's state
ment. In the glow of this Illumination
the spectator beheld a globe of water
easily two feet In diameter, partially
filled with most beautiful vegetation,
like moss and small shrubs. Swim
ming about, at perfect ease, in this ex
panse of spore-rilled fluid, were hun
dreds of little mlero-orsanlsms. mag
nified so that some seemed as long
and as lorze as the familiar tadpole
of one boyhood days. Several were
even longer than this, approximating
In size the ordinary leech. The great
majority of these living, swimming be
ings were smaller than this, however,
and looked like enlarged editions if
what boys call "wlgglers" that Inhabit
rain water when it has stood for sev
eral days exposed to the sun's ravs.
"The 'Eye' to-night." said Professor
Coles, "is not working under full pres- I
sure. I am saving Its strength for the
view we shall take of Mars. When the
'Eye' is placed under its maximum
pressure It will magnrty HU.ulM uiam
eters, and the micro-organisms, or an
lmulcuhie. as I call tht-m. which Just
now. looked like little pollywogs, will
appear to be as large as ordinary brook
trout. In fact It will be seen that every
particle of the water that we drink Is
literally Inhabited, not only by one or
two of these anlmulculae. but by my
riads of them, together with masses of
vegetation which, as magnified in the
'Eye,' resemble the sea mosses and Bea
weed that a receding tide deposits on
the ocean's shore.
"Ugh," exclaimed one of the three
ladies present. "1 don't believe I can
ever manage to drink water again.
"What will you drink V" inquired Pro
fessor Coles.
"Well, milk, or tea, or beer, I sup
pose.
"Then." was the cheerful response,
"you'll sltnbly swallow the Fame kind
of monsters in another form; and if
you drink beer you'll swallow uglier
ones and more of them than you've
seen to-night. Why, the merust particle
of beer, under the 'Eye,' discloses great
masses of vegetation on which long,
green, repellent looking worms and in
sects are creeping and feeding, lleer
Is about the worst stuff I know of. and
milk Is a pretty close second. Hut now
If you wish, 1 will show you what the
human epidermis looks like."
PARASITES ON OUR BODIES.
Upon the professor's request one of
the ladles bared her forearm over tne
little ntu-rture into which the ruin wat
er had been placed the aperture had
meanwhile been made perfectly dry
and rubbed her linger three or four
times across the arms surface. It
should be said in the lady's behult that
she hus always been a devout and con
sistent believer in the doctrine that
cleanliness is next to godliness, and
takes her daily bath as regularly as she
says her daily prayer. To the ordinary
eye, nothing dropped from her wrist as
a result of this hasty abrasion, und sev
eral of the spectators were Inclined to
treut the test as a JKe.
liut ' when the Electric Eye" was
turned on, and the ludy was accorded
the courtesy of a lirst glance at tht'
minute fraction of herself which the
professor assured his guests had got
into the instrument's searching focus,
she fairly shrieked in amazement. Pic
tured asainst the inlrument's back
ground were dozens of fan-like, truns-
lucent scales, ranging in size from the
llnttencd peeling of a. goodly sized
onion to the dimensions of u palm
leaf fan. Great black streaks appeared
on and around these scales, w hich at
llrst were inert, but presently there
were stuns of life, and soon a little
insect the size of a pinching bug scoot
ed from one scule to another. It
was followed by others, smaller and
lurger, until In the course of a few
minutes the entire perspective became
one mass of living, moving, clawing
insects. )ne of these seemed us large
as an ordinary house spider. Sev
eral resembled lurge roaches. Others
seemed to be like the greenish, many
legged, saw-clawed worms that feed on
tiiiiple, green tobacco or toinuto leaves.
They chased each other madly in and
around theso big scales of abraded
epidermis, some climbing up over the
scales and shaking them after the
manner of cr!cket3 or pinching bugs,
when clamboiing over small, dried
leaves. The big lellows seemed to be
in pursuit of the smaller ones, and
now and then one voracious rascal
would gulp down an unfortunate
youngster with the calm unconcern of
a monster pickerel fish when he makes
a dainty morsel of a captured snitier.
PARASITES EVERYWHERE.
"The particles of epidermis which look
so large through this instrument," ex
plained Professor Coles, "are In reality
incomputubly small. You couldn't sec
them as Mrs. W brushed them off;
yet only a small percentage of those
that Bhe separated from the epidermis
of her arm fell Into the feed-hole of
tho 'Eye.' There are, as you see. prob
ably a thousand of these diminutive
parasites In the view at which you are
looking. Yet all of these together could
stand under the point of the finest
needle ver Invented, and yet not feel
crowded. Upon a square inch of hu
man epidermis there must be millions
of perfectly developed living organisms,
as intelligent In proportion, as are the
insects that we daily encounter turning
plants and ferns and shruba. I nin us
sure as that I am standing here that
the human body is literally made up of
these parasites; that they constitute
the motive power of our existence, sj;
to speak, and that, If we could go'far
enough into this question, each one' of
these inlinitesinml beings in turn would
be found to be just us thickly Inhabited
by correspondingly smaller parasites.
Our common science, for Instance,
claims to have discovered that the ordi
nary house tly Is Inhabited by lly Uce.
I propose before I get tht'tniirti with my
Inquiries, to prove to the scientists that
the lly lice also have lice on them: and
furthermore, 1 am going to siiow these
lice on the lice that live on the hoi ye
lly, just as dourly us I have snown you
the purusite that Inhabits Mrs. W 's
arm. I cannot do this with my present
Instrument, for it is crude and Imper
fect in many particulars; but 1 hope
within six months at the outside to
have a new and larger Instrument
which will enlarge the magnifying pow
er of the present 'Electric Eye icui or
live times over."
INHABITANTS OF OUR BLOOD.
The professor was asked to exhibit
some human blood. The sume lady
who had supplied the epidermis kindly
volunteered to sacrifice a drop of her
vital fluid to the cause of science. The
mereBt quantity of it, almost Invisible
to the human eye, was placed as be
fore. The spectacle presented was mar
velously beautiful. It seemed as If ail
colors and combinations of the kaleid
oscope hud been brought into play.
White corpuscles as large as lien's
eggs floated around in a pool of col
orless liquid, alternating with great
musses of red and brown coloring mat
ter. As many as seven different kinds
of corpuscles were disclosed, where
as the physiologists up to this moment
have taught that there are only two
kinds, red and white.
When Dr. Hand looked at these float
ing bodies of fibrin and fat he turned
quickly around to Mrs. W and said:
"Your blood Is In a very bad condi
tion. It needs phosphate and iron. The
white globules should be round and
distinct; they are Instead, Hat and de
pressed. You will need to so under a
treatment of mild tonics."
"Now," said Professor Coles, "you
come to one of the most important uses
of my machine. I contend that by a
series of studies of the human blood
through this powerful magnifier It will
le possible to make diagnosis an abso
lute certainty. The physician will be
able to ascertain at a Rlance exactly
what his patient is aHlicted with, and
can apply the requisite cure without a
moment's delay, watching its effects
with unerring precision. As I hnve
said before, the 'Eye' tonight Is under
low pressure. When it Is m.tKnlfying
its maximum number of diameters you
can see in the blood, floating around
among the corpuscles, just such living
organisms as vou saw a few moments
ago playing among the scales of Mrs.
V 's epidermis. The blood Is the med
ium of exchange between these tiny
travelers. The veins and arteries are
the rivers that they sv.im In and the
blood Is the water that Hows In those
rivers."
BRIEF GLIMPSES OP MARS.
By this time the planet Mars had
reached the fulness of Its brilliancy and
shone like an Immense gem in the east
ern Armament.
"Let u take a peep at the sphere
which the scientists are having so much
trouble over," said the professor. i
"Do you mean to tell us," was the re
ply, "that ycur miscroscope is at one
and the same time an equally powerful
telescope?"
"I do.- Yes. I know it Is 'contrary to
science.' A good many things that I do
ana say ana see and know are 'contrary
10 science; out men, you Know, science
Isn't absolute. I used to believe what
the text books told me. Now I am get
ting ready to revise the text books."
"But how do you keep the 'Eye' llxed
on a moving star? By the time you get
It focussed on Mars. Mars will have
moved thousands of miles out of range,
will it not?"
"1 am glad you asked that question.
If the 'Eye' were an ordinary telescope,
yes. But it isn't. It is as nearly like
the human eye in the particular you
mention as crude human mechanism
can be like Divine creation. When you
look at a moving train, does the train
get out of range while you are adjust
ing the focus, or does your eye move in
unison with the train? To be sure. It
moves. Well, its that same principle
which governs the 'Electric Eye.' But
let us see for ourselves."
In a moment the mechanism was
pointed out the Eastern door, properly
elevated and nicely focussed.
"Now is your time," exclaimed the
professor. "It 1b an exceptionally fine
view of Mars. You can see every detail
distinctly."
ALMOST WITHIN REACH.
The panorama that unfolded Itself
bore fewer startling features thun any
that had proceded. It looked like a
landscape such as one would see.
standing m a rurige of hills and
looking across a valley three or tour
miles wide, to the opposite hills. There
was a white center, which looked as
If It might be water possibly a lake.
On the nearer side of this lake stood
a ranee of hills, their skies und slope
dotted In places by dim objects which
looked like towering tropical palms.
In the background, another range of
hills, some touched at the top by a
white, misty substance which might
have been fog or snow, completed the
View.
"Now I will 'snap' that 'shot' for
you," said the professor; and suiting
the action to the word he drew back
a springy steel wire, let It go sudden
ly, forming an electric current; there
was a slight sound as of the rattling
of a pan. and Professor Coles drew
forth from the body of his mechanism
u sheet of common white wrapping pa
per upon which a perfect disc picture
of the foregoing scene was printed ill
black shading. The picture looked like
a charcoal drawing of remarkable del
icacy, but the surface of the paper was
perfectly smooth and unrullled.
Another view of Mars was tnken,
presenting a forest scene of exception
al distinctness, with mountains In the
rear. This scene was similarly phot
ographed upon paper which one of the
visitors supplied, and upon w hich each
person hail llrst 'written his name for
purposes of identification. A third view
of Mars was attempted, but by this
time the "Eye" had grown weary of
the prolonged strain upon lis optic
nerves and Incontinently went to sleep.
THE PRINCIPLE OP THE THING.
"Upon what principle does this me
chanism work?" Profesor Coles was
asked.
"Upon the principles of light linked to
electricity. Light is a fast steed, nnd
so l.s electricity. Yoke the two together,
and you have a speedy team."
"Mitt how did you come to think of
this?"
"lly reason of tho thunder storm and
tho china plucque that I told you of n
while ago."
"Is Mars inhabited?"
"To the best of my belief it Is, and by
a race superior In Intelligence to our
own. Mars has three satellites, each
stronger than our moon. Yes, I know
school book astronomy says there are
only two; but I tell you there are three.
1 have seen them, llesldes.speaking of
the Marlsians, they get ten or a dozen
times as much sunlight ns we do. I
figure It out that their night is as blight
ns our brightest duy. They must,
therefore, be more Intelligent than
we. light means brains, always."
"But what about the disturbances
said to bo going on In Mars? Are they
real, or are the astronomers dream
ing?" "They are real enough. I have reason
to belimi'e that Murs, at its southern
pole has not yet got down to a solid
business basis. Great eruptions und
Internal convulsions have been occur
ring there during the past few months.
The equatorial zone Is solid enough.
Here the country is In line state of cul
tivation. It Is laid out into rivers and
lakes nnd canals. I haven't been uble
to Identify any human being on Mars,
but 1 can plainly see evidences of man's
handiwork, and I believe it will be pos
sible to locate them and find out how
they are getting along up there In that
sultry climate."
"What are your plans, professor?"
"Well, they will depend somewhat on
clrcuniHtances. I um building a work
shop, where I shall have the proper
room and light and tools. 1 expect to
have some skillful physician make a
Mudy of all the germs of disease, in the
Identillcatlon nnd treatment of which
there Is u fabulous fortune. Then I
propose to publish a book, which Is
already In manuscript, on 'The Human
Body ns Seen Through the Electric
Eye". Strange as It may seem, I pro
pose also to store sunlight nnd let it out
on demand. I can do that now, on a
small scale. If my experiments suc
ceed, electricity, as nn illuininunt. will
be outclassed by conserved sunlight,
w hich will be nt once, safer and cheap
er. This sounds to ordinary ears like a
fairy tale, I'll ndmit; but It Is the ac
tual fact, based on long and hopeful ex
periments. Heretofore I have been
handicapped in every way. Now I have
means, friends nnd renewed health,
and a new 'Eye' lour times as effectual
as the one you have seen, is a probabil
ity of the next few months."
And after what one had seen, what
could one say?
MODLRN 1)11 A MA TIC TlITIOt.
Loud nnd angry voices wor heard in
the room above. A woman's piercing
scream smote the n'.r.
Thump! Thump! Thump!
A woman's heartbreaking sobs broke
upon the ears of the hoiTllb'd listeners.
With one accord thiy rushed up the
stairway and burst open the door of thi
room from which the sounds proceeded.
A woman with dishevelled hair, tiru
nnd dust-covered clothing, nnd eyes red
with weeping stood In the middle of the
room.
A men with coat off, sleeves rolled up,
his eyeballs rolling in frenzy, and the
piKrp?rution sir atning down his face
confronted the Intruders.
"What do you want here?" he de
manded. "We i:re here In the Interests of human
ity," sternly answered one of t'ifm.
"Vo'i nre brutally mistreating a woman!"
"Am I?" he asked, turning to her.
"Xo-o," she sobbed, "you are not! Gen
tlemen, he he is teaching me how to to
express the the natural emotions. Tills
Is n is n school of dramatic art."
And the avengers slunk out of the door
and went slowly down the stairway. C'hl
cauo Tribune.
A Victim of Ititdcnrxt.
"Women are so Inconsistent," com
plained Chollle.
"What has happened now?" asked the
man to whom -ChoWe Is a specimen to be
thoughtfully studied.
"I was saying to Mips Kean thnt I
wished f knew of some way In which I
could be of use to the world, and 3he
broke right In on my wemawks to tell
me thnt they were miking pocketbonk
out of monkey skins nowadays. It was
pawsltively wude." Indianapolis Journal.
A KOXKT.
Oh, Ood. say once again: "Let there be
light."
Perchance In Heaven thou dost not
know
How here thy children stumble In the
night
And cry aloud In bitter wrath and woe
And curse and pray In vain to win one
sight
Of far fair stars; or catch the upper
glow
Of the keen dawn that streamed down
from the neignt
Upon mankind anil quickened long ago.
Oh, Ood, say once again: "Let there
be light
Let sweet lipht brenk upon us from above
And on our unsafe path that we may
see
We kae thy word of old, we turn to
thee.
Who giveth hope, and kln'lness and
love.
Oh, Ocri, ray once again: "Let there
be light''
WONDERS OF THE
QUEEN'S DOMAIN
The Marvelously Fertile Provincs of
Manitoba Described.
BR.'tr RECORD OF ITS HISTORY
not Only Ho lis Farmers Haise the
Uest and Most Abundant1 Yields ol
Wheat to tie Fouud Anywhere, but
They Are Also Diversifying; Their
Crops and Laying tho 1'uuudntious
"" Kplcndid Future.
Special Correspondence of The Tribune.
Winnipeg. Manitoba, Sept. 16. Leav
ing Brandon eastward, the next place
of Importance Is Portage lu Prairie, 77
miles distant. Hetween these two
places, stations succeed one another at
Intervals of Hve or eight miles, many
of them surround d by bright and busy
towns, nnd at nearly all are tall end
massive elevators. Certainly the Cana
dian PaclHc has amply provided for the
care and shipment of grain and stock
here, as along the entire route, to a
surprising und commendable decree.
These Holds of golden grain that we
are passing through are among tne
"beauty spots" of the Dominion. Think
of miles upon miles of wheat forming
golden rows across these prairies as
we near Portage la Prairie the country
becomes more checkered with the tields
of grain and more thickly popu
lated with comfortable farm houses
peering out from among the aspen trees
whllh mark the course of the Assinl
bolne lilvef, ub ng which we have bien
traveling. Portage la Prairie l.s also
located on the A.slnlbolne ltlver. an
other city of a day's growth, nnd the
center hf a well developed anil pros
perous farming region. Its huge ele
vators and Hour nulls, its busy streets
and substantial houses, toll eloquently
their own story. It is nlso nn.' of the
principal gruln markets in the province,
and u junction iiwint of the Manitoba
railway, which extends northward 2-3
miles towards liince Albert county, nnd
the Lake region. Its dose proximity to
Lake Manitoba, nbout twenty-live miles
due north, glvea the town additional im
portance as a pleasure resort. This
lake Is 72 feet above sea level, with, an
area of 1,'JUU square miles, and noted
for myrluds of wnter fowl nnd chickens
while moose, elk and ldiic'.;-tall.'l deer
are found In the Hiding Mountains.
Ilia WHEAT YIELDS.
The wheat yields In the Portage plains
district Is turning out phenomenal, for
the talcs told by the threshers put ull
estimates of the yield In the shade, one
Charles Cuthbert threshed from a Held
of twenty-one ncrc l.tiKi bushels, or
an average of lllty-sevcn bushels per
acre, on the McLaren farm, three
miles north westward, the wheat crop
surpusses anything ever seen by the
writer. It Is no exaggeration to say it
stands even four and a half fcct In
height. Is ns dose as it can grow, and
the weight of the big beads causes tne
rank stiuw to bend over luavlly. Two
or three binders with four horses
abreast wero at work on this part of
the Held, but could not cut a full swuth,
as the machine "Jammed" too niton.
The use of the sheaf carriers had to be
dispensed with, as the sheaves come
so fast and heavy that they must be
dropped Just as quickly ns formed,
whlih was surprisingly last. The
stacks were half as big ugain us ordi
nury ones, nnd stood very thickly all
over the Held; the yield will bo llfty
bushels per acre of choicest wheat, with
no sign of smut on It. The reader may
imagine thj striking contrast of scenery
in coming from among the "mighty
works of Ood" in the Selkirk nnd Kinky
mountains into the great grnnai y of the
world, where it Is estimated "a million
stacks of grain are uwultlng the thresh
er." Resuming our Journey, wc soon leave
the broad prairie behind us green us a
billiard table. It Is simply nn extension
of the great wheat basin of North Da
kota, reu'iiing to the North und West
apparently without limit. This great
widening and tree bordered mouilow
comprises the valleys of the Heel und
Asslnlbolne Ulvers that unit- at Win
nipeg, which magic city we enter for a
four days' sojourn after one long prairie
ride full of surprises and education.
MANITOBA'S HISTOItY.
It may be of Interest to our readers
to lea 'ii something of the early lila
tury of Manitoba, iU discovery. Its de
velopment, the cauues for building the
Canadian I'licillc iiillwnr und conse
quent rapid development of the Ix, min
ion given In substance from copious
memoiunda grouped at vurious Inter
views with Professor John Mucotiii
(naturalist), nnd member of the "Uco
luglcal .Survey of Canada." who la nald
to be one of the best Informed men
and most reliable authorities to be
found concerning tho history of the Do
minion. There hre some who maintain that
the honor und glory of penetrating this
neithWLvit cotiutty Is due to French ex
plorers about the year li. through
the lake of I lie Asslnlboines ( iVinnlpeg)
to Hudson's Hay. Otheis atiina that
the celebrated La (leranilrye from
Montreal was the lirst explorer who
reached the forks of the Keel and As
Klnllioine rivers, the present site of
Winnipeg, In l"o2, and there built tt
fort which he called Fort liouge, a
name now borne by the most fashion
able part of the city. He wus the
forerunner of the Independent licensed
fur traders, followed by the grout
Northwest company of Montreal, who
were in turn followed by the English
Hudson's Hay company, who claimed
the whole country, "Kupert's Land,"
under the royal churtir given by
Charles II. In 1070 to their first gover
nor, Prince Kupcrt.
After bitter struggles between the
rival companies for years, w hich term
Iniitcd in a massacre nt lied Kiver in
IMS, pence was brought about by roy
al proclamation, commanding lega
tion of hostilities and the seiidiiiu of
peace commissioners to lterl Kiver. the
present Wlnnipes, when the two com
panies became united and tinder the
rule of the present Hudson's Kay com
pany tranquility reigned once more and
after much weary negotiations, this
vast territory of millions anil millions
of acres, was added to the Dominion
of Canada on July 15, INTO, and to that
part of It known as the Province of
Manitoba was clven responsible gov
ernment. For aome rears, us In the
case of all new countries, the people
of Canada failed to reallx the Incal
culable value of their acquisition, and
the title of immigration flowed In on
the country slowly nnd fitfully. The
construction of railways In the mirth
western states banished the dog train,
the Ked Kiver cart, nml the steam
boat, and suddenly made the country
cosy comparatively of access, anil a
Hood of settlers poured into the land
culminating In 1KX1 in a boom un
equaled In the northwest. Winnipeg
at that time (1S7U) contained about
thirty buildings outside of the fort,
embracing elirht stores, two sabxiiis.
two hotels, a mill and a church, and
a population of 21.' souls. This had in
creased to 6,500 by ISM), to over Sd.OOO
by ISM. and In 1M5 It was .TS.fXH), f
which seventy per cent, are Canadians,
and the thirty per cent. Scotch and
English with scarcely any Irishmen.
EARLY FARMING.
Two hundred and twenty-fivp years
ago, the Hudson Pay combination
owned all this country embracing mil
lions upon millions of acres of this
valuable land, keeping off the white
settler for many years and only d-aling
with the Indians for their furs and
pcln. The first attempt nt farming in
this province was made In 1SU by the
colonists sent out by Lord Selkirk. It
proved to be a failure and was not
renewed for many yers, nwln? to tbc
extreme hostility of th? Hudson Bay
company, who, anxious to keep settlers
off their territory, discouraged their
coming by asserting that the land was
not lit for cultivation. Sixteen years
ago this entire country was over run
with buffulos. There were no ranches
of either horses or cattle until the sum
mer of 1879. lieyond Winnipeg no at
tempt had been made to rulse grain
not even cattle, for the buffalo still
roamed the prairies. The settlements
at that time did not extend a hundred
miles west of Winnipeg. Hut It was
discovered that the soil especially In
the valley of the Red river, was very
fertile.
In 1875 the grasshopper cleaned out
the whole of Manitoba and not a
blade of grass was left. Not even seed
wheat could be found In the country
and the people became extremely des
titute.. Therefore, In the spring of 1S76,
the Canadian government secured a
quantity of seed wheat from the mills
of Minneapolis and gave It to the
farmers of Manitoba to re-establish
themselves with. Not a kernel had ever
been sown in the northwest of Mani
toba at this time, but during the next
three years such abundunt crops of
first-class hard wheat hail been raised
that the attention of not only the
government olllclals. but also of Con
sul Taylor of Winnipeg, nml Jim Hill,
of Minneapolis, was aroustd to the fact
that this section could raise the best
wheat in America, and of u kind es
pecially adapted to the use of the mills
of St. I'uul and Minneapolis. The next
move was to build a railroad from St.
Paul to Winnipeg. Alier securing fi
nancial aid of Sir Donald Smith. Lord
Stephens und a Mr. Angus, of Montreal,
who backed Jim Hill's pruj- ct. the road
was built und opened for truille in the
spring of 1M79. The next Hteo wan the
attempt by the government to build a
trnns-continent.il rail road on nil Can
adian soil, and Its Inability to go on
with the cntepitise through political
jealousy, which ltd to the final organi
zation of the present Canmllan Pacific
Railway company to complete the un
dertaking, which wai done In lssr.
solely through the Indomitable energy
nnd perseverance of there men. It is
nn undeniable fact that this privince
nnd even the entire dominioii, owes Its
development, growth, and pr.-sent pros
perity nnr. to the luildimt of this great
"National Highway" than to any other
agency, and to the men who early
conotlved this gigantic plan the coun
try nt lartre owes an Incalculable debt
of giutitude.
IN THE CENTER.
The province of Manitoba Is situated
in the very center of lh- American
continent, being midway between the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans on the east
and west, and the Arctic ocean und th-'
Oulfbf Mexico on the north nnd south,
and contained formerly llti.nl square,
miles. The soul hern frontier of the
province borders on Wie United States,
being the forty-ninth parallel of lati
tude. The desolate territory of Kee
watln lies to the north of the province,
sweeping pnst the western shores of
Hudson':' Hay to the "Frossen Ocean,"
and by tho Canadian Pniiile railway.
Winnipeg. Its capital, is 1,424 miles from
Moiitroul, its Atlantic seaport, and I.4SS
miles from Vancouver on the l'adiic.
Not only have the people of Muritnha
connection with the Pacific ocean, and
with Eastern Canada and the Atlantic
through l'.rltiiih territory, und access
to the ureal lakes, but thole are uiso
three lines running to the United
Htutes botindHty joining there our
American k stein of rullwuys.
CROPS OF is;3.
The population of Manltuba. Is now.
In round numbers, say inii.ontl, of whom
Sfi.oeo are tanner.", ni'liial report says:
"The urea under whont In 1MI5 was
1.140,271! acres; cnts, IMMnS acres; bar
ley. lf;l (C'.l ucrcs; llux. X2,i"i;s; potatoe".
li).7lti; roots. t;.i!i-r. u total ana under nil
crops of 1.NS7.7W! acres, an Increase of
95.412 ocitn over ls'jl. The uggrtgalo
yield of wheat was !il.77.'.tKiK bushels;
oats, 2L'.r.5..7XI bushels; barley, ri.ti4,"i.o:iJ
bushels; flax. 1.2XI.:!.".4 bushel; rye, SL
UM! bushels; pens, 23,23 bushels, a total
of l.;:ll.4i2 bushels. The yield of pota
toes was 4.042.f.ii2 . bushtls. an average
of 24"'i bushels to the acre, and of tur
nips and mangolds, 2.2s,"),2s:i bushels, an
average of ubout &.7 bushels to the
acre. The average of barley was ,'17
bushels; oats, 47 bushels, ami wheat, !)
bushels per acre. The live stock In
the province for ISO." enmpriel: Hutses,
IMi.uillI; cattle. 2U0.WMI, sheep, 40,0011; hos,s,
7i),wo. The total products from foity
twu cheese factories wus I.!i.';t.t'.i2
pounds. The en anirry output fur nine
teen plunts was 1,7.':.iS2 pounds.
Space will permit me to quote only
one of the many published opinions re
garding Manitoba, that from J. ,11 in
Hill, president of the Croat Northern
railway: "I hnve been In every State
of tli Union and tun familiar with this
whole country. The soil In the Red
River valley Is, to my mind, the ii.ite.--t
farming country that I have ever seen.
It is not only rich, but It has bright
prospects. You will not find It In any
other place on the American continent
ns good as it Is In Manitoba, unless it
be In a little place on the Wabash,
nearly opposite St. Louis, called the Ill
inois bottom. Dakota, being closer to
the sage brush country, is nmre liable
to visitations from locusts than Mani
toba, und is more easily affected by
drought end by dry seasons. It Is n
prairie country, and the Province i f
Munltobn Is pretty well wat -red." The
wtiter, having traveled through every
State in the Union, nnd also In every
province in the Dominion, can heartily
endorse the above rtatenient.
The greater part of the set
tlers nre native born Canadians of
English origin. There are many s-itlers
direct from France, (lermany und On at
Krltain, as well as colonies of Iceland
ers, Scandinavians nnd Mennoiiitcs, nil
of whom have been successful in secur
ing homes.
The homestead law Is quite slnilar
to the American law. Koth the Hud
son's Hay Company and the Canadian
Pacific railroad sell the settlers land
under contract, with yearly payments,
and the latter company furnishes free
transportation for all the settlers' fam
ilies. The Canadian cow boys of to-day
take up these ranches and quietly settle
upon them in strong contrast to the
cowboys of former years, and unlike
the roving American cowboy.
RELKHOUS SECTf.
Tn Southern Manitoba are found set
tlements of Metinonlt 'S from Russia,
called "Qunker I'.aptists." because of
their aversion to lighting and conten
tion, ns nsainst the lawn of Uul." Thev
have no paid ministers. They are ex
tremely honest, k-ep their promises
sac r dly and nil people like to ilt al with
them. They are Very Industrious, both
men and women, and the latter assist
In the fields. They use the latest Im
proved reapers, binders, and other ma
chines. They are prosperous nnd quite
equal to any other sect In Canada or
the United States. Th ir settlements
extnul along the international bound
ary towards Montana. Many of thilr
ranches yield thirty bushels of wheat
to the acre. Many of them
are rich, owning fine hoiis and large
farm possessions. Napoleon snid. "You
skin a Hussion nnd you will find a
Tartar." but not so with this people.
Flax raising was Introduced mainly
by the Mennonltes. and Is becoming a
source of grent revenue. The yield Is
from seventten to twenty bushels per
acre. This industry Is only four years
old In Manitoba. The fibre was for
merly burned; only the seed was used
In mnklng oil, but at Winnipeg Is a fac
tory which has proved a success where
the fibre Is used In the manufacture of
linen. Farmers here are not confining
themselves to ralsfng wheat nlone. but
are taking to mixed farming more and
more every year throughout the North
west. Creameries and cheese factories
are being introduced In Prandon. Indian
Head and the Portage country. Many
Dakota end Kansas farmers are emi
grating to Manitoba, even going as far
north as Edmonton.
They have no cyclones In th Domin
ion, but heavy rain storms. The great
fear Is frost when the grnln Is in pulo.
In the hollows and low Innds frcst Is
more frequent. Planting is done when
the frost Is In the ground. Th frost
tends to keep the ground moist during
the growing season. It Is said both
wheat and oats ripened In this section
earlier thun usual this year. In ex
treme hot weather and dry winds they
"ripen with a Jump." The days here are
sixteen hours long. With her northern
location, her marvelously fertile soil, her
long protracted and uninterrupted Bun
shlne and her generous rainfall. It Is
not surprising that these extraordinary
crops of wheat and other grains are
grown in Manitoba.
J. E. Richmond.
SCIENCE CUPS.
Carrion was first used by the Moors at
Algesias, Spain, In 1343.
raise teeth are now mndo from paper,
and lire Bald to last a lifetime.
lotion clolh, made in India, Is men
tioned hy Herodotus, H. C. 4UU.
ii!e Greeks hud oats 11. c. 200, but
U8.!,'J tn,',n "'y ,1H fud for their horses.
the native home of whettt !s supposed
to be the mountain regions of Armenia
i.lobulur lighting set tiro to a woman's
dress near Angers, in France, during u
recent storm, the burns causing her dsath
soen s.'ter.
It Is not pi:?r to trim the hair that
gr;.iv In the eur of a horse. Nature In
tcndid it to protect the orifice from dust,
Insects, etc., und sudduu atmospheric
ehanpt s.
Ir. Km 1 1 Hnluh, the explorer, has heard
from Soeth Afrlcn ihn ,.vi.n.iv i,i
fields have been fnund In the Orange Freo
Dime on ine oanns or. tlie Vaal river,
which seems to be us rich as those hi the
Rami.
Professor Hufiin says that nersons who
have taken an active part In the seientllie
world should be killed at sixty, as nut be
Ins Flexible enough to yield to the advance
of new ideas. He is himself nearly Hfty-
SCVlll.
I'HKNl'IF JiC'E.
The new moon lnmir in i
tho Bicy,
Tllf Mllll VV. I I. .IV In th,. ..-I.,,
.... . .... ..... vm.
And my bethrothed and I
In I lie churchyard paused to rest;
Happy mailt ami lover,
Dreaming the old dream over.
The light winds wandered hv,
And robins chli.ej from the nest.
Artl lo! In the meadow sweet
Vhs the grave of u ll'lle child,
V Ith the crumbling st.,ne at her feet.
And the Ivy i mining wild,
funglcd ivy und clover,
Fuldlng it over and over;
Cl"e to my sweetheart's feet
Was the little mound up-piled.
Stricken with nameless fears.
She shrunk and clung to me.
And her eyes were tilled with tears
I or a sorrow I did not see;
blKhtly the winds wvre blowing,
Huftly her tears were flowing,
Tfnrs tor the unknown years.
And u sorrow that wai to be!
T. H. Aldrlch.
in the bud.
rnfliirnxn nr (irippy Colds are quite
epidemic and need to be "nipped In the
bud." Treating a cold n time saves a
lot of trouble, as three-quarters of all
our sickness comes from taking cold
don't taku cold, take Seventy-seven,
u few doses will prevent and Its con
tinued use will "break up" a cold that
"hnngs on." That means cscapj from
Cutarrh, lironchltls. Ineumonia, all
Lung, Chest and Head troubles. A good
deal you say for a quarter, but it 13
true tho best goods are done
uii In s-nuill parcels, a vial of "77" Just
fits your vest pocket: handy to carry,
always ready f,,r use. Every one has
a Und word for Seventy-seven, Dr.
Humphreys' precious cure for Colds,
CWppe, Influenza, Catarrh, Coughs!
Sore Throat.
In. I 'VMeiniRrs' Homeopathic Manual
M u.weV1! AT buuoaiHM Ton
ll.lll.ttl) ON bE'.'L IMT.
Small bottles of plensant pellets, fit the
est pocket. Sold l. druggists, or sent on
receipt of nr. cents or live for $1. Hum
phreys Med. Co., Cor. William & Julin
Sts., New lork.
OlSIEfiTftL RUGS CARPETS
Oriental Rugs,
Cricnlal Carpets,
Oriental Rugs,
Oricntd Carpets,
Crlcnt.l Rugs.
This week we will sell any of your
choice nt exactly half the price to be
able to raise a certain sum.
China und Japanese ware at cost.
MIGEAELIAH BROS. & CO.,
121 Washington Ave.
MT. PLEASANT
COAL
AT RETAIL..
Coal of th best quality for domestic; ni
sml of nil sizes, including Buckwheat nn I
blnlsryn. delivered In auy part of th city
t the lowest price.
Orders received at thu Office, first floor.
Commonwealth btuidlnB. room No. ;
telephone No. 2624 or at ths mln. tele,
phone No. 272. will be promptly attended
to. Dealers supplied at the mine.
WM. T.SMITH.
Tate No Substitute-
Gail Borden
Eagle Brand
COHDEKSED MLK
lbs tway ttood FIT.ST In cw ntlmi.
thii of tixi American inp. No other Is
" just as g jod." Best Infant Fool.
11 mini 11 11 n
I
THE IDEAL AMERICAN TRIP
MOkTHEKN STIiAMSHIH COMPANY.
The bupvruly Appointed nml tonunuilious
te-l Kte.nn'.hjp.
NORTHW EST ANU NORTHLAND,
Amerii'nn tlmiug-h and 1 hriiiiru.
lesvo DutTnlii 1 ikxH.-it-. nd Kriilnys 9. 10 n m.
for Cleveland, Detroit. Mackinac. The Soo.
Dulath, and ctcrn Points, r"u all
places of intertut by daylight In cuaMotioa
with
THE CREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY.
It form the most direct rocte. and frem er.
erjr pt int ut rnn ptriscn. the triit deiiclitfnl
end ccmfnrtal leone te Minneapolis, nt. Paul,
tirj-tt rail", i'elouo. Totte. fcipiiisaue and I'a
cille ifi.nl. Tfc ctlr trc.eontineiitnl ins
mnnitii: the Union. LrjGet, library, obsorT.
tint. ear.
fF.a7!,rr,T ,r"'n ,cr Prttland vl-t Spok.ne.
MOlbL LAFAYETTE. Lake Mlnnetonl.a.
1 miles Irom Mir.nearolif, largest and mist
bcautml resort in lhr wt.
licketsand nojr inturn.ation of any agentor
& ," ,t'" tienural tatMuger agout,
Huualo, N. Y,
Nips
FOR INTERM AND EXTERNAL USE
CURES AND I'RIVCNTS
Colds, Coughs, Sore Threat, Influenza, Brsew
chitis, Pneumonia, Swelling ol the JoiuU,
Lumbago, Inllammullons,
It
mis. iuiii. iiuuuiiuuina
FR03T5ITES, CHILBLAIN, HEADACHE,
TOOTHACHE, ASTHMA,
DIFFICULT BREATHING.
CT'RKa THE WORST PAINS In from
one to twenty minutes. NOT USE HOUR
after reading this advertisement need any
0110 SL KFEIt WITH PAIN.
Knduay's Ready Relief Is a Sure Cur for
livery Puin, Strains, Bruises, Pains In the
Back, Chest or I ln-bs. It was the first
and is the only PAl.M REMEDY
That Instantly stops the most exeruciating
puins, allays Intlainmutlun, and cure. Con
gestions, whether of the Luiiks, Mtomaeh,
llowels, or other tlaads or 01 guns, by ona
upplleatlon.
A half to a teaspoonful In half a tumbler
of water will In a few minutes euro
Cramp. Spasms. Sour Stomaeh. Heart,
burn, Nervousness, Sleeplessness, Siek,
Headaehe, Diarrhea. Dysentery, Colic.
Flatulency and ull Internal pains.
There Is not a remedial agent In the
world that will eure Fever and Aque and
all other llalarlous, ltllllous nnd other
fevers, aided hy RAILWAY'S VILLA, so
qulekly us HADWAV'S READY RELIEF,
Fifty cents per bottle. Sold by Druggists.
RADWAY & CO..
55 Elm Street New York.
IN
1 61 PIS
Has been predicted all through the
season lust past. THIS IS THE WAY
IILIMBERS HAVE BEEN REDUCED.
06 Price. '07 Price. '
Roadster, $110.00 $115.00
Tourist, 112,50 117.50
Lady Humber, 117.50 12Z50
Racer, 125.00 150.00
Prices seem high, but then you
know it's UUMBEK QUALITY.
CHASE & FARRAR
515 Linden Street.
THE
GcS and Electric Fixtures,
The Weisijafih Light
At Reduced Prices.
434 Lackawanna tvt.
i : . -
JAMES MOIR,
Ha Moved te HI New Quarter.
402 Lackawanna Avenue.
Entrance on lids next to First National
Dank, Ho bus now in
Comprising rTorythir.g reqnisitt for flat
iierchant Tailoring. And thetne caa
bo thown to im! vim tjRo in his splen
didly fitted up rcom
A SPECIAL INVITATION
Is Extended te All Readers ol The Trth
an to Call on "OLD RELIABLE" la Hie
New Business Home
CITY Ai SCHOOL TAXES
FOB 1896.
AH taxes rcmuiiiinn unpaid aft
cr Nov. 25, lS!i(i, will have five per
cent, penalty and one per cent, ad
ditional on the first day of each
succeeding month; and will he
placed in the hands of collectors
us provided hv law.
V. II()I.AMI, City Treas.
City Hail, Washington Ave Of
fice hours from U a.m. until 5 p. in
The St. Denis
SLUMP
u con co
THE MERCHANT TAILOR
Broadway and Eleventh St.. New York.
Cpp. Urace Church.- European Plan.
Room $1.00 a Day and Upwards.
fn n mmlat ant n:iobtrusiro way tbro are
f-w butler condui.'te'i Uotels in the metropolis
thun tho HI. Uenis.
Tho grout pupu.arity tt his rqulnd can
readily Ue tracrd to its unin.no lo. atim, ite
hcniitliKY itmiispUrri. the peculiar excollenos
nt us ciiisiuo and sarviee, aud It Tory tuoder
kto prices.
WILLIAM TAYLOR AND SON.