TIIE SCBANTON TRIBUNE SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 22, 1896.
11
SCIENCE'S LATEST
VALUABLE VICTORY
The Problem ol Getting Nearly Full
Power from Coal.
IT HAS BEEN SOLVED AT LAST
Dr. Jacques's New Process Likely to
Reduce the First Cost of Electric
Light Plants to a Quarter of What
It If What the Invention Will Ac
complish. From the Buffalo Express.
No announcement In practical science
of recent years has been calculated to
excite so much Interest as that made the
other day that the problem of the direct
conversion of coal into electricity had
been solved. The announcement came
almost simultaneously In this country
and in Germany In Germany from an
eminent chemist that the thing could
be done, and characteristically, in this
country from an electrician of hiKh
standing that it had been done. Dr.
Coehn, a German chemist of note, has
been experimenting at the problem for
some time, and as a result of his re
searches announced a short time ago
his belief that It would be possible to
transform coal Into electricity directly.
The same month Dr. William W. Jac
ques, an electrician of the Hell Tele
phone company, tiled letters of patent
upon a process accomplishing exactly
this result.
Just what all this means was best put
in a lecture by Professor Ostwnlel two
years aso, when ho said: "Had we a
cell In which electrical energy was pro
duced by the direct oxidation of carbon,
with an output approaching the tneo
retical, we should be on the brink of an
industrial revolution compared with
which the Invention of the steam engine
sinks into Insignificance."
This is putting the ense strongly, but
it Is nevertheless In a large measure
true. As almost everyone at all ac
quainted with the subject knows, thn
amount of actual work that we get out
of a pound of coal, burned In an ordin
ary steam engine. Is absurdly small, as
compared with the total amount of
power resident In the coal. The finest
triple expansion engine on one of our
great ocean liners, which probably real
izes the highest clllclency known at the
present time, only secures about 14 per
cent, of the the theoretical efficiency of
burning coal. An ordinary steam en
gine does not realize over 6 or 7 per cent.
The remaining 90 or more per cent. Is
absolutely lost wasted.
Furthermore, In order to get the po
tential energy of coal Into a form where
It Is easily utilized commercially, In
volves still further loes and waste. . All
the power that Is consumed In running
the dynamo is so much energy thrown
away. A table recently prepared, shott
ing the workings of several hundred
electric light plunts In the United States,
disclosed the fact that the lnrgo plants
of the very tincst equipment only se
cured about 6 per cent. In actual work,
or electricity, of the ootential of the
coal, and that the smaller plants only
secured around 2 per cent. All told It
Is probable that the average for the
whole country is less than C per cent.
THIS PROBLEM STATED.
Now If a way coud be found to ap
proximately reverse these proportions it
is easy to sea what an industrial revo
lution would result. And Dr. Jucques,
of lloston, believes that he has done
about this. He has devised a process
of singular simplicity, generating an
electric current direct trom coal or
rather from coke, and In a series of
tests was able to secure In one Instance
as high as 87 per cent, of a theoretical
efficiency of the coal used. This, of
course, was exceptional, but Dr. Jac
ques believes that he will be very short
ly able to produce electricity commer
cially for somewhere between one fifth
and one tenth lis present cost.
Put In the very simpllest way, Dr.
Jacques' process is this: Taking a
quantity of coke he reduces this to a
powder, odds a little water, jams it Into
a cylinder and makes a big round stick
of carbon that looks a good deal like a
giant firecracker or a stick of carbon
for an electric arc light very much en
larged. This stick of carbon he sus
pends In a cylindrical Iron pot contain
ing an electrolyte of melted caustic
soda. And when a current of air, in
troduced by a smal tube, Is driven
through this solution, electrical action
is set up, producing a current of extra
ordinary volume.
To gain the necessary voltage or elec
trical pressure, a hundred or more of
these Iron pots are put together, their
rims connected by a wire. The wholi
plant It can hardly be called a battery
Is enclosed in nn oven In order to keep
the solution nit a uniform temperature
of about 400 degrees centigrade.
Practically, that Is all there is of this
epoch-making invention. With the ex
ception of a pump to drive the air
through the solution of sodn there Is no
"machinery" at all. Compared with
this marvelously simple affair, a steam
engine and dynamo are, as Prof. .lac
quos observes, "hopelessly complex."
There aire no boilers, no engine, no dy
namo, no ashes to be removed, no water
to be paid for, no endless quantity of
supplies to be provided.
Roughly speaking. Dr. Jacques esti
mates that the first cost of an electric
light plant, per horse power, will be
something like a fourth or a fifth of
the present cost. The expense of
maintenance, or, rather, of attendance.
is reduced almost to a minimum. The
carbon cylinders last for loO hours or
more, the enclosing oven has a self
feeding attachment. Practically this
Renerator requires little more attention
than an ordinary small steam heating
House plant.
From a series of tests extending over
many months Dr. Jacques estimates
that already he is able to generate
electricity for a fifth or a sixth that
of the best plant in the United States
and for one tenth that of the smaller
plants. In otheiwords, a pound of coal
is made to produce five or 10 times as
much power as at the present time.
THE INVENTION'S VALUE.
Perhaps this "does not bring to your
lnd any very clear or vivid idea of the
immense value of thla Invention. Take
it another way. The other day Dr.
Jacques and Edward Atkinson, the
statistician, sat down and undertook a
little speculation in figures. Supposing
that by Dr. Jacques's process all the
engine and power plants in the United
States could be reproduced for, say one
fourth of their present value, and next
that they could be run for one-fifth
their present cost. In the United States
there are upwards of $1,100,000,000 in
vested in steam engines alone. This,
of course, Includes locomotives and the
like. In the matter of first cost Doc
tor Jacques's invention would there
fore represent a saving of upwards of
three quarters of a billion of dollars.
Again, steam power in thla country
ftpraMou n annual expenditure of
about $450,000,000 a year. That is prac
tically the annual cost of running the
national government, Including all the
improvements and expenditures on
public work which the government un
dertakes. Were Dr. Jacques's process
to be introduced, even with its present
efficiency, this bill for power would be
reduced to less than n hundred mil Ions.
It would save the peoole of this coun
try annually more than two and a half
times the amount that is collected
from our everlasting tariff fees, it
would save five or elx times ns much
as all the silver that would be offereJ
for coinage if Mr. liryan and hi Popu
list brethren get the reins of govern
ment and enact a free-colnago meas
ure. Nwv consider all the steam engines
and all the coal used In all the rest of
the world beside, and it will begin to
dawn upon you what a wonderful
thing this modest and reticent lloston
electrician has succeeded In doing. I
say' succeeded, for two of the foremost
physicists of this country, Professor
Chniles K. Cross Thayer, professor of
physics In the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, nml Professor Henry
A. Rowland occupying the chair of
physics In Johns Hopkins University,
Unltlmore, have made reports on ir.
Jacques's process and have not hesita
ted to declare their btlief In Its practi
cal value or to give Dr. Jacques sole
credit fir his great Invention.
You will better understand the full
measure of this Hoston electrician s
experiment when you recull that he
has won the prize which the foremost
Inventive and snlentillc minds of the
last quarter of the century have sought
In vain. Edison tried for It, tilxl for
years, and curiously enough along
something of the Fame line taken by
Dr. Jacques, lint he failed flatiy. Junt
as all the others have done-. Indeed,
so general Is the belief that the direct
conversion of coal into electricity Is
imeisslble that when the news of tr.
Jacques's discovery was reported In
England, the Electrician of London
printed a lung anil laborous demon
stration of why It could not he done.
Inreientlally It labeled the news ns a
humbug. Dr. Jacques smiles ns no
tells you that he literally read 'the
article in the Electrician by the light
of a lamp whos" current was generated
by the new process directly from the
ceike.
THE INVENTOR HIMSELF.
The Hoston Inventor Is a little rast
10, a brisk, wide-a,vake, handsome
man, who lias very nuie en tne air
of
typical Inventive genius. You
would take him for an active, go-ahead
business man sooner than for any
thing else. For all that he Is a man
of science, as well as a practical elec
trical worker, a chemist as well as an
electrician. Originally a Johns Hop
kins man, he pursued his studies in
Germany, and then entereel the em
ploy of the Hell Telephone company
as Its electrician. He nas, Indeed, bean
with them fiom the beginning.
His elinscovery represents the labor
and rese .tire'hes of years. It Is two
years or more, even, since Dr. Jacques
became certain that he had solved the
problem, although his patents were
not taken out until this spring. Just
how he worked It out would be a lemg
story. The conditions were that he
should find a way by which carbon
could be oxidized and consumed, not by
combustion as In fire, but at a low tem
perature, converting the energy of the
carbon into electricity Instead of heat.
It was necessary that this oxidation
should be easily regulated and that the
lluld In which the carbon was Im
mersed, the electrolyte, should not Buf
fer deterioration In the proe'ess.
Dr. Jacques conceived the Idea, and
this Is the very kerne-l of his grent
discovery that the oxygen of the air
might be made to combine with car
bon, not directly, but through the aid
of an Intervening electrolyte, which
would carry the nir and present It to
the carbon. In order to do this ho tried
forcing air through the electrolyte, be
lieving the latter would take up a part
of the air and present It to the carbein,
and that he latter would Immediately
accept it, nml by combining with the
oxygen which forms a part of the air,
Insure true and perfect oxidation.
He succeeded, and, further, ho found
that when this stick of carbon and the
rim of the Iron pot containing the ele-ct-rolyte
were connected by wire, a cur
rent of phenomennl volume flows
through It. All that remained there
after was patiently to work out and
overcome all the minor dlllleultlos that
lay between the laboratory experiment
and successful commercial application.
You need not think that It was easy.
It took months of patient investigation
and experiment. Things which could
be done on n smnll scale would yield
nothing like the same results when done
on a large scale?. Put one after an
other the dllllcultles gave way, results
multiplied results, and the problem was
solved so plainly and definitely that
eve'n a capitalist could see that it was
done.
It may bo two years before the new
Invention will be put Into practical
use on a large scale and begin to make
Its Inlluence felt. Hut when this time
arrives It Is not easy to calculate what
a shifting of the line and seats of man
ufacturing It Is likely to produce. If
only a part of the expectations of Dr.
Jacques are realized the Invention is
still likely to equal In value that of
any other discoverer of the century.
IIALLAI) OF HUSTON TOWN.
Miss Jane Penelope llrewster, of lineage
running back
To ancient Plymouth's founelers, with
never a fluw nor crack,
Supposedly daft on Growning, Emerson
anil Thcireau,
Very select, correctly cold and all that
stuff, you know;
Never appearing In public without a cha
peron. Loaded with B. C. wisdom, but to modem
larks unknown.
Suddenly caused the Hoston mind to tot
ter and uuake and reel
By riding out through the Buck Bay r"
mounted uon a wheel!
Gay society snickered, cultured society
wept,
Still on her awful downward course Miss
J. 1. Brewster keipt;
Her Ions skirls soon gave way to short;
bloomers sueceejded those.
What did they say on Helicon street?
That's too much, to suppose.
Pleadings and eolid argument, ridicule,
cuts and scoff
Fell to her lot, but still she went reeling
"centuries" off; '
8oon she was winning prizes; her Inti
mates, full of pain.
Finally let her pedal; snd she had "wheel
on the brain."
But after a while what happened? Jenny
shook off her shell,
Got acquainted with real folks, grew to
be plump and well;
Found out something about the world
that's whirling along today.
Read an occasional novel, didn't despise
the play;
When the season was over the girls of her
onelent set
Found she'd married the very man they
all had hoped to get;
Instead of wheel on the brain, the facts
In the case reveal
That when Miss Brewster rode there was
a massive brain on the wheel 1
" " -Puck..
.
THE RELATION OF
" PRICES TO WAGES
Convincing Reply to the Recent Speech
of CacdidatJ Bryan.
FREE SILVER CRAZE CUT TO PIECES
Text of nu Address" Last Tuesday
Evening nt Dolgcviilc, '. V., by
Professor ;corje Gunton of New
York, Editor of Uuutou's Magazine
nntl Recognized Master of lo
uomicsl)ou't Tail to Head It.
Some of oil.- Democratic friends have
made themselves believe that the fito
coinage ef silver Is the wnnd of their
emancipation from the oppression of
the rich. And the inure clearly they
ran nuike it appear that the free coin
age of silver nt 16 to 1 will enable debt
ors to il i'luiui their creditors uiul f 'lve
the United Hates to cancel its e.blii
tinns at tliiy-tiiree cents oa the dollar,
the mo.v successful their bciKine ap
pears. To "spoil the Egyptians" seeiiM
to them the acme ef siue-LSi. They ap
pear to have worked themselves Into
the belief that every Injury tnllictod up
on capital is a benefit to labor, and u
lenlly eli'fiaml creditors is tiie emanci
pation of debtors. Ill their shortsight
ed eagerness for economic spoliation
they forgot that to (b. spuii creditors le
ads upon di litiirs by preventing future
borrowing, and that the prorlratlnn of
capital reacts most severely upon labor
by closing the avenues for employment.
In support of this policy of helping the
poor by Injuring the rich through the
debasement of our money, they preent
certain specific arguments which l.a.ve a
very convincing effect upon those who
have not taken pains to inform them
selves upon the subject, and It is no re
Ili'Ctlon upon the general intelligence of
the community to say that these rep
resent u very largo number. In the
first place the money questie n is a dif
ficult and complex one to limb lv.tar.d,
ami second, tin re hnfi w en little public
Interest and discussion of the subject
except from the free silver point of
view. '
In Justification of their policy they
allirm:
First, that the act of 1873 demonetiz
ing silver "struck down half our pri
mary money, and conseiiucntly cut
prices In fvo" to the great impover
ishment of the. farmers and other pro
ducers. Second, that this was a departure
from the principle of bimetallism, which
Is the money of the constitution, anil
that the only remedy for these evils is
an immediate return to bimetallism,
which they Insist necessitates the free
coinage of silver at IS to 1.
Third, that restoring the free coln
of silver would re-establish the mone
tary and Industrial conditions of 1S73.
Fourth, that this would double prices
and create general prosperity.
If these claims are true we ought all
to be In favor of the free coinage of
silver; but are they true Let us see.
SILVEIt NOT DEMONETIZED.
The first proposition assumes to be a
statement of fnct about which there
should be no real difference of opinion
ninoncr honest students. To demonet
ize silver means to deprive It of use us
full legal teneler money, nnd this Is
what they mean when they say it
"struck down half our primary money."
Now, Mr. Ilryan knows, every silver
speaker one! writer knows und every
person In his audience knows that Bil
ver was not driven out of use us money.
You all know that you can pay Just as
many debts nnd buy Just as many
gooels with ten silver dollars us you
can with ton gold dollars. In fact,
more than half the money, vcy fre
quently three-quarters of It, which you
receive ns wages and use In the ordin
ary retnil payments Ih sllve-r or silver
certificates. In fact, the net of 1H73
did not demonetize nor In the slightest
degree Impair a single dollar of stand
ard money. On the contrary, nearly all
the silver money we havo has come
Into existence since the so-called crime
If the twenty years from 1S73 to 1S93
we coined forty times as many silver
dollars ns we did during the whole per
iod of free coinage from the foundation
of the government tti 1S73. Nor was
this peculiar to this country. From
IinTI to 1S7C thirteen of the leading com
mercial nations stopped the free coin
age of silver, and since tS73 fifty-seven
per cent, more Bilvei' has been added
to the world's monetary circulation
than wns milled during the whole pre
ceding seventy-two years of the century-
. ...
They also tell us that the demone'tl
zatlem of silver stimulated the demand
for gold in a corresponding pijniieirtlun,
which has caused the appreciation of
gold and the corresponding; decline In
the value of silver. Here again their
facts nre nt fault. Hlnee 1S7.1 the amount
of gold milled to the world's monetary
circulation is fifty-five per cent, less
than the amount coined during the
previous seventy-two years of the cen
tury. In other words, ns compared with
the seventy-two years from 1S09 to 1S73,
the world's coinage of gold has dimin
ished Utty-five per cent., while the
coinage of silver during the same period
has increased fifty-seven per cent..
In view of these facts what are we to
think of the statement that "hnlf our
primarv money was struck down by the
crime of 1S73?" Yet this statement was
the very foundation upon which the
whole free silver superstructure rests.
Take away this and their whole fabric
falls.
DID NOT AFFECT TP.ICF.S.
Nor Is It true that prices have been
reduced fifty per rent., as Coin, P.rynn
and other free silverites unqualifiedly
ntlirm. Of course, there are some cenn
moelltles whose price has fallen fifty
per cent, during the !nt twvnty yens,
but there are others v.h' -- price liaa
not fallen ut all. and a larjr" number
I. thnt hnve risen from ten to forty per
Cent. JI Hie lull in pi lees were uut? en
tirely to the change in the value of
money It would be the same with nil
commodities. Simpose some mo should
affii in thnt there were two Hag poles
in a certain field nml the shadrw of
one lengthened while that of the other
shortened. Every school boy would
laugh, knowing that be shadow, being
the result of the sun's rays, must both
shorten nml lentjthen with the rising
and setting of the nun. The same Is
true of prices, so far as Ihey nre affected
by money. If an nTiprepl-itlinv In 'the
value of money caused a decline of the
price In one thing, it must for the ramp
reason cause a decline in the rrlce ef
everything, because It necessarily af
fects everything alike. lint If we wl-di
to be entirely honest In discussing the
rise anil fall of prices we must not com
pare 1S7.1 with the present, because 1S7.1
was In the midst of the Inflation tirlcil.
The finance committee of the United
Ptates rcnate has published the most
complete report on piicps In this coun
try and Europe from 1S2 to 1SD1 that
has ever been Issued. According to the
facts collected by that committee, the
general average prices In 1S91 were
only eight per cent, lers than In 1860
and ISG1. Eighteen hundred and sixty
one was the last year before 1S79 that
prices were on a sr"ll basis. During
the war, as you all know, gold was at
a high premium. In 1SG4, for Instance,
ft took 211 dollars In greenbneks to buy
the equivalent of a gold dollar. When
specie payments were resumed In 1S79
this 87,,4 cents of Inilntion disappeared,
so that ov dollar In greenbacks would
buy the same as a dollar In gold, nnd
prices fell ,"7'i per cent. Put this was
simply the disappearance of greenback
Inflation. Allowing for this Inflation
therefore, the average fall In prices
from 1S73 to 1891 was only flbiut eight
per cent, and no evidence at all thnt
the fall which did occur was due to sil
ver. -
Let us now consider the second pro
position, that thn demonetisation of
silver was a departure from the prin
ciple of bimetallism. It Is entirely true
to say that the I'nited States is tradi
tionally a bimetallic country. Bimet
allism Is truly the money of the fath
ers and the mone-y of the ronstitulion.
Mr. liryan and his party lay great
stress on their claim as HmetlllstB. We
too are bimetallu'ts. But if free "lin
age of tilver would defeat bimetallism
we have a right to demand that they
abandon their claim for free coinage of
silver or else frankly admit that they
are false to bimetallism. They seem to
use the phrase bimetallism as if it were
only another name for free silver. It
Is nothing of the kind. Bimetallism
hns but one nit lining, the use of two
motnls ns money. No monetary sys
tem can be bimetallic which doesn't
adequately secure the circulation of
both metals. Now this Is exactly what
we demand. We Insist that no system
of coinage rhall be permitted in this
country which will drive either metal
out of circulation. It is bemuse free
coinage at Pi to 1. with the present low
value of silver, would drive Kulel out of
circulation nnd give us silver mono
inetalllMii that we nre opposed to free
cniniige. Mr. Hryan and hln fullinvera
are bniuiil in ili.nv that, with the free
crin:igv r pfiy-th.v nt filver tl'd
liii.. iuM will .-,tuy In i l"''.iiit ion. T.i
nrceiir.plifh thnt would reejiiiv a finan
cial miracle, it lias been t.!-J a great
many times, but tin re never was power
enough i:i any government to make it
work. Not even such nn absolute mon
arch as Henry VIII. could prevent lis
delmseil shillings from driving the un
dei nsed money out of circulation. They
m.iUe no attempt to prove that gold
would stay In circulation under free
ci.innire. Indeed, it is becoming more
evleltih.t every day that they ib not
ivn desire that it should. All their
talk about floiilillng mires ami paying
their debts with half t:io wealth that
would now be required, and their fie
ouont reference to the proswilly of
Mtxie-o. .Innan ind other sl'.ver ntnml
nrd countries, tiions that what they
refill y want Is not gold end silv.r but
silver monnnielnlllom. They want us t
get to a silver basis in the- mistaken be
lief that a elcpreclated dollar Is ndvan
tr.rceor.s to a debtor clas. In reality
therefore we lire the true hlmctnllists
nnel they are the monoinetnllists mas
querading in the garb of bimetallism
and not cheap dollars were the rial ob
ject they would consent t the- fro? coin-H5i-
of silver oj its nuirkot value tro
same as gold, but any such proposition
which would give genuine bimetallism
and with it the free cninafre of both
metals, they vigorously rejec t, nnd de
mand five coinage at 18 to 1. Why do
they insist upon I'i to 1? Manifestly
because IB to 1 would Insure eighty-seven
per cent, profit to the producers of
silver bullion and forty-seven per cent,
discount in the payment of debts with
fifty-three cent. silver dollars.
TUB TRUTH ABOUT RATIO.
So much hns been said about 16 to 1
that there seems almost to have been
created a feeling that there Is some oc
cult influence associated with that par
ticular ratio. 1 have received a great
many letters within the Inst two
months asking what it meant by 16 to 1,
and why that particular ratio Is pre
ferred. Of course", IB tj 1 simply means
thnt congress passed a law that a silver
dollar should weigh sixteen times as
much as a gold dollar. The ratio of 1(5
to 1 is not very eild. It was only estab
lished in 1S34. At the beginning of our
government the ratio was tlxod at IS to
1 nnd so It remained from 17!)2 to 1834.
The' reason it was fixed at 15 to 1 was
that in I7K2 fifteen ounces of silver had
had the same mnrket value ns one ounce
of gold. The value of silver subse
quently fell so that the silver In a silver
dollar at 15 to 1 was not worth as much
ns the gold In a gold dollar. In order to
make ihe gold dollar of the same mar
ket value ns well ns coinnpre value, and
to prevent gold from belnpr driven out
of circulation, the ratio was changi'd In
1S34 from 15 to 1 to 16 to t.
If a ninety-four cert dollar In 1F34
would drive gold out of circulation and
mnke real bimetallism impossible, on
what ground can It be exported that
In 1SDG gold will remain In circulation
with a freely coined llfty-three cent
dollar The snme reason that made 16
to 1 necessary to maintain bimetallism
with free silver In ls;;4 would make 31
to I necessary to maintain bimetallism
with, free silver In 1S96.
shoe on the OTirnn foot.
The assumption that the 'restoration
of free coinage of silver would re-establish
the monetary and industrial
conditions of 1S73 Is equally misleading
nnd delusive. They have erroneously
assumed that all the chanrces In the
value of silver and commodities since
l!7:i were the result of demonetizing
silver, and consequently falsely reason
that to re-c:;tnbllsh free coinage would
re-establish all the other conditions of
that period. The policy tboy are now
advocating was never "approved by
the experience of history," nor wns It
ever supported by a single prominent
statesman In this country. No coun
try In the world was ever foolish enough
to try to keep two metals in circulation
with free coinage at a ratio which gave
one metal forty-seven per cent, the
advantage of the other. It Is true "that
prominent statesmen from the first
president down to 1S7;"' favored the
free coinage of silver, but always and
onlv nt a legal ratio substantially
equivalent to the market ratio of the
two mctnls Mr. Hryon's statement
that "we nre simply asking thnt the
same mint privileges be accorded to
silver that are now ncoorelerl to geild"
pi not true. The nrlvilege that Is ac
corded to gold Is that it shall have free
coinage at Its market value, and they
are asking that silver shall have free
coinage nt fifty-three per cent, of its
market value. To put sliver on the
same condition for coinage ns gold
would be to give It free coinage at its
bullion value', which wemlel not be 16 to
1 but 31 to 1. Hence free rolnnge nt 16
to 1 todav Is a totally different propo
sition from 16 to I In 1S7:J and would
produce entirely different consequenc
es In 1S73 the free coinage of silver
did not teid In the least to drive gold
freim circulation, l ocalise at thnt time
the silver in a sliver dollar was worth
ticaiiv $1.03. sii thnt every person who
took silver to the mint would lose near
ly three cents by the transaction. Con
sequently no silver dollars were coined.
Silver was then worth a little more
than Ji.32 an ounce. Today it is worth
a little less than sixty-nine cents nn
ounce In 1SP8 he would make a profit
of sixty-three cents an ounce, or eipht
sven P'-r cent, more by having It
coined than by sd'ing it in the open
market. It is this eighty-sewn per
cent t.rnfit instead of a three per cnt.
loss that makes nil the difference be
tween free coincse in 173 and In 1SU3.
AND HOW ABOUT WAOES.
We now come to the ln"t claim, that
free coina-e of silver will create pros
perity. Prosperity Is what we all want.
To make clear tho truth of that propo
sitle.n Is to make Mr. P.ryaJi s calling
and election sure. Who is tti have this
pros'ieiity? How is it to be brought
about? Where will it start and how
will it work? The gnat test of In-crc-aredprosperltyinanatiimU
that the
masses of the people are able to obtain
moretif the comforts of life for a day's
work. Nothing can give lncrrn3ed pros
perity which doea not give that result.
This can only come In one or two ways.
Kithcrbytherheapeningof the commod
ities the people consume, or by increas
ing the wages with which to purchase
those commodities. Unless one or both
of . these processes take place, there
can be no Improvement In the condition
of the people. Any pretense that the in
dustrial condition of a people can be
Improved without giving them more of
the necessaries and comforts of life for
a day's work Is a delusion, and and
pretence that the people can obtain
more wealth for aday's work without
either the wealth bring cheapened or the
wajres Increased necessarily rr-sts either
on ignorance or humbug. Will the free
coinage of Bilvtr do cither of these
things? No. they do not even pretend
that It will. On the contrary, their great
claim la that It will double prices. How
will doubling prices Increase prcsperlty?
Who will get more wealth lor a day's
work through prices being doubled?
Oh, replied Mr. Kryan. the farmers will
be able to pay their debts with half the
number of bushels of wher.t and the
shoe manufacturer with half the num
ber of shoes, if this were all then it
would simply mean that producers, that
is farmeis, manufacturers, etc., through
a change In the money, would be able
to pay their debts with fifty cents on
the dollar. But If it stopped here even
that would not give us prosoerity. We
nre assured, however, that it would
continue, nnd after debts are thus palel
off with fifty cents on the dolhir the
prosperity really begins, because the
doubling i f prices would menu udi'.lng
about forty to fifty per cent, to the pro
fits of producers.
Out of whom would this profit come?
Of course, this could take place only by
the selling priees of geiexis being in
creased without any increase in tho
e-e-t of their production. If the cost of
their production were lrcrcn'icd In the
same proportion then the rU'e in the
price would be of no advantage to any
body, because if the farmer sold wlc-at
for u dollar and It eost him a dollar to
raise It, he would be no better off than if
he siild It t ili'-tv cents. If the fifty cents
covered the cost. It Is only on the at
sumption that this artificial incrensn In
prices e.m come without any increase
In the cum of Production. This means
ef course, that he wages of labor must
remain the same, since If wages rive
In the same proportion as the prices
mere would lie tso more profits thnn be
fore. The first ar.il definite effect there
fore of this selume for creating pros
perity is to reduce the purchasing power
of wages from forty to fifty per cent. In
other wonis it boldly proposes to pay
the debts nnd double the profits of fur
mers, manufacturers and other pro
ducers by reducing the wages of labor.
To say nothing of the violent lnust!ce
and outrage upon the laberers. who nm.
stitute seven-tenths of our population.
It would bo Impossible to Invent a
scheme w hich would be more disastrous
to our national prosperity.
MUST HAVE A MARKET.
Thanks to our protective policy, thla
Is a homo market country, which
means that our capitalists, whether
they be farmers, manufacturers or
merchants, cannot sell unless our peo
ple buy. Employers cannot mnke pro
fits unless the worklngmen consume
their products. The great market bas
is of ull our Industries is not the little
that is consumed by the rich, but the
dally consumption of the laboring
classes. There are not half a dozen
Industries in this country where ma
chinery Is employed thnt could suc
ceed If nobody but the rich consumed
their products. In fact, the success of
all modern industries finally dependa
upon the ability of the laboring classes
to consume their products. A reduc
tion of forty per cent. In wages would
mean the destruction of forty per cent,
of the consuming capacity of the
American people. No rise In prices,
however high, could give prosperity
with such a destruction of the market.
Happily for mankind, It Is Impossible
In a homo market country permanent
ly to secure the prosperity of nny one
class nt the expense of the other. To
ignore the importance of wages anil
the welfare of laborers to national pros
perity Is to Ignore the very corner
stone of statesmanship and national
progress.
Mr. liryan and his friends need to
take n few elementary lessons In econo
mics before they are entrusted to revo
lutionize our Industrial condition back
ward. They should be taught first of
all that farmers and manufacturers,
merchants and all other producers nre
prosperous only when they can till
their products, and they can sell their
preidueis In large quantities only when
laborers can be generous purchaser?,
and laborers can be purchasers only
when they are permanently assured of
constant employment anel liberal wag
es. A blow at wages Is not only a blow
at worklngmen, but It Is at the same
time a blow at the security and pros
perity of every form of business. A
blow at the purchasing power of wages
Is the most deadly kind of a blow thnt
can ever be directed at national pros
perity, and yet this Is what Mr. liryan
nnd bis party propose as the means of
creating prosperity. There Is no pow
er on earth by which the condition of
farmers or manufacturers or capital
ists of any productive class in a home
market country can be Improved by re
ducing the purchasing power of labor.
They think they escape this evil by
saying free coinage would stimulate
foreign trade by enabling our pro
ducers to produce at a silver cost end
sell abroad (t gold prices, but this In
nowise alters the case. If they coulel
produce a bushel of wheat fur a fifty
cent silver dollnr nnd sell It nhrond for
a 100-ccnt gold dollar. It would only be
because they paid their laborers In fifty
cent dollars. Their profit by the trans
action would be illrectly taken out of
the lalxirers Just the same.
CONFISCATION OF WAGES.
The more closely we examine the de
mands for the free coinage of silver nt
16 to 1, the dearer It becomes that It Is
an uneconomic heresy, founded nn mls
satemrnt of fact, erroneous reasoning
and financial fanaticism, and thnt Its
adopt ion would bring no benefit to
those most zealously demanding it, but
It would involve a confiscation of the
wages of labor, destroy the basis of
business prosperity nnd public welfare
forever nnd tarnish the honor and in
timity of the republic.
That there are real monetary and In
dustrial .questions which demand im
mediate and comprehensive treatment
the last four years of experience amply
proves, but these questions cannot be
solved by any destructive coin debas
ing, debt repudiating and wage reduc
ing policy.
For true revenue reform we must look
to such n rntionnl revision of the tariff
ns Fhall afford nele-oimte protection to
our domestic Industries and secure am
ple revenues for the needs of tho gov
ernment, and for genuine industrial re
forms we must look to n more direct
application of the principle of Protec
tion to the prol-h-ms of labor, especial
ly those which affect the individual and
s n int life of the wagp class. But in or
der thnt the'se national reform may be
accomplished nnd the prosperity and
progress of the country re-estaliilshed,
the threatening avainnch of free silver
must first he prevented. To accomplish
this the friends of tho republic every
where, regardless of party ofilfliutlons,
must unite to secure the defeat of Bry
an nnd the triumphant election of Mc
Kinley and Hobart.
N'ot content with Introducing Lillian
P.iiFsell on a horso the authors of "An
American Beauty" now contemplate plac
ing the diva astride of an elephant.
Vtrnt-.m-'tA ;ry, r g n it ,
iiv ftirQTnnrc uithiitv
,.,-, 'imuili
Made a
Man
W of I
Me.
TKE OPEAT 30(h tlnT.
jcxiecis rtxjuiEirsr
proilnrrnthanboTe mollis In 311 iluv It-
pnKrrfiillyand'intt-ltly. Cures when all other fail
Yii!itifrroiuMvlllri.uam their Inst raaniniotl.aiidottl
men will recover their juntliliil viicr by usliis
ItfcVI VO. It quieliiy and miri'ly restores N.tvuuh
ni'M. Ixii-t Vitality, Imimieiicy. 'i(it!tiy LmlMlonr.
bout Power, Fulling Memory, Wanting Pliieawn. auit
U effect ot Belf aliunn or exrem and imliwretion.
nhieh nnfitH one for ai uiy. imxinnm or marriage. It
ji t only cure by n'wrtina nt the rtmt ol d.ae, but
inaereat nrrcn tonic and hlociil Imlliler. brine
ie liae the pink glow to pnln cheek aid re
i in tho flro of youth. It warda off Jnnauitt
inj Connimption. Insist en haying UKVIVO, no
'tlier. It ran be carried in rent rocket. l)y mr.ll
;1.00 per wirkmrc. or fix lor 13.00, with it ponl
've wrl'len guarantee) to enre or refund
money. Circnlnv frrj. Addrei-a
... ,. ompjijn
Fw Mle bt juAHiiEws BROS.. Dmggl
bcrantMt
Ba ill
Cured in a Manner that will Inter
est any Person who is
Nervous.
Another Case, a Cpurt Stenographer in Cleveland,
Run Down from Overwork, Helped
by the Same Means.
From Vie World, Cleveland, Ohio,
"Mrs. Adeline Ilcntel, of Hudson, Ohio,
orriviHl here yesterday on a visit to her
daughter, Mrs. o. ". Clmiuiiiin. She iu
tends tn remain for mime wceien."
When the nhove little item of news was
pulilisliiHl a few days ai;o, it emmed no little
surprise n well ns Home incredulity ainiini;
the people of Muriettu, Ohio, where Mrs.
lintel lives when site is nt home. Not but
wlmt flic hilly in question hns n perfect riijht
to travel and to ru to see her children when
ever she nniy lmp'n to feel so inclined. Hut
her neighbors, who fur several years have
known her lis o beil-riddcn cripple, were nt
a loss to iimlcMtniiel Imw she liuel miinnireel
tn do it. She was jrc neriilly supposed to be
so entirely helpless I lint motion of uny kind
on her part was simply iniHisiilili, tvimo
of the inlinliitiiiits of Hudson, led by a nat
ural desire to letirn the i'nets of the matter,
netunlly went'iio fur as to cull nt the lady's
home to investigate tliu subject for them
selves. Mr. Henry Unite!, lier son, when asked
about the mutter was not nt tir.it inclined to
give Anybody any satisfaction lieyond the
mere stiitement thnt Ms mother was not nt
home. Finally, however, ufter considerable
ursini; he consented to talk.
"You know." said lie, "thnt my mother,
liko ninny sick people, is sensitive on the
subject of lier hmlily ailments. She nhmys
disliked to talk about them nnd nlwnys In
sisted that she would lie well in a little
while. Fur nil of thnt, her left side was pu.
ndvzcd for acvcrnl veurs nml mir fnmilv nliv.
ticiun assured us thnt the trouble would
presently extend itself to oilier parts of the
l:
li
tody. KotliiiiL' could be done lor lier nml ma
hud nil nhnut mmle up our niiiiela that she
would not live very much longer.
"Filially her eye lichted on nn ndvertisp-
mentof lr. Williams' Pink Pills. Forth
with she insisted on having a box of them.
I opposed the ielea pretty strenuously hut
pave in for the snko of peace. Well, one
bight I brought them home tn her. She be
Rim tiikinir tliem nt once. Tho effect wns
fierfectly wonderful. Tho stillness lirgnn to
eave her left side almost immediately. In
a few days flic was able to sit lip. Of course
when I saw tlie result I took care she should
have ull thn Pink Pills she wanted. The
cure was not mrticiilnrly rnpid after tho
Inilinl stuges. She roniiiined a practical in
valid for n considerable time, but (die is now
entirely well with the exception of a slight
lameness in her left Icr. I fully expect Unit
that, too, will disappear by nnd by."
Mrs. Ilentii iMiilinncd in all its essential
features tlio finis piven by lier son. "Tho
whole fa ni i iy believes ns I iln," said she, 'ilint
the pills were inslrnmentiil in siivinr; my life.
I came nwny from homo without nny nt them
anil wns nt lir.4 nfrnid flint I might find my
self laid up nguiu, but I do not really seem
to hnve any furllier use for them. I nm not
strong'yet luit am rapidly improving. Even
the lameness in my leg is disappearing and
I will soon be us well as ever 1 was."
From the W'orfef, Cleveland, Ohio
Officials nml employees at tho Old Court
House wero considerably surprised yester
day nt receiving a call from Mrs. II. L. Stan
ton, whose attractive face nml sunny t-niile
had not brightened their rather dismul quar
ters for many a long, long dny. The lady's
presence in tho office naturally created quite
a sensation among her former co-luhorcr
who had never expected to see her ngain un
til called upon to follow her reuiuius to their
THIRD NATIONAL BANK
OF SCR ANTON.
Capital, - - $200,000
Surplus, - - 300,000
Undivided Profits, 64,000
Special attention given to Business and Personal
Accounts.
3 Interest Paid on Interest Deposits.
D
Bolts, Nuts, Bolt Ends, Turnbuckles, Washers, "Ri
ets, Horse Nails, Files, Taps, Dies, Tools and Suf
plies. Sail Duck for mine use in stock.
SOFT STEEL HORSE SHOES
' and a full stock of Wagon Makers' Supplies, Wheel
Hubs, Rims, Spokes, Shafts, Poles, Bows, etc
TIE
BENDER
1
SCRAN
fenr9 t THt Hientrr MtBicii Airmoump
SiOLlKhTUIR
f&r? Hi . lvnAt.En wtll euro too. a
1.V rrl r frnmt'olil.. Snp.l'hm.1
InOnenra, R rouchltla,
. . TO ' . . . m i.
trt pnevet, iwsiIt to o on flrt inrtieatlcn of colo.
I'entlnaed ti J ireelc lVrmnnent Cure.
CntlsfRcUoninicrante'edoririinerrciuniieil. Prlrr,
B't rim. lrlal fren nt flrnuims. Kcglstnred nail,
30 ocnu. I D. CliHMU, Mir., lira Lm i, Uiit, D. S. i.
crtrcss-TsiAW's
EF N T Hf!l T,m nt ftfest mneifr fmr
i'ih.l I HUb all skin dloa. Keiems. !tcn.S!
pheitni. nM Sores. Hums. I'm.. WondorfVil rem
ti. lnrPIfl'H. Price. etc. nt Praa n a I C"
irtsurhrmailprs;aul. AdilrcmasaboTi). tRl f
For ealo by MATTHEWS BROS, and
JOHN II. PHELPS. Scranton. Pa.
riileke.lFp'a Knill.li nianal Uiul
ENflYRQYAL PILLS
4r!r1J mm Onlj taurine,
arc, alwaj-1 nilaltle. lad its mk
I'riiKglit for Cki'kfterm Kn'ia fiia ,
unfit. Brand to Ud u4 U4d tnf tMo
lUmn. Matted with Mow ribbon. Take
nam ana imruitiu. uruftnn, or araa m
In rtwntnt foe part tenltrt. iMtimonlilt 9n4
RUr fr tawHM," Oi tour. br rtra
Wall. in.OnO 1H mM !. Nnm IVnar.
fcatajuA
'lira
last resting, place. Purlng the half hour of
lier stay she held a regular levee,' shaking
hands with and receiving the congratulatioua
of everybody from the janitor to the judge.
Mrs. Stanton is well known to the whole
legal fraternity of Cleveland. During th
two and a half years that she occupied tht
position of court stenographer her cheerfu.
disposition, the unquestionable skill with
w hich her work was done, the general pub
lia knowledge of tho circumstances of her
life, innelo her a favorite with every person
with whom the was brought into contuct.
When her chair first became vacant and it
was lenrneil that the condition of her health
had rendered a rest necessary, expressions of
concern were heard on nil sides, hut it waa
men expected that within a tew weeks she
would bo back nt her jilnco ns well as ever,
(irndiinlly it heeiune known that ber con.
ilition whs much more serious thnn was at
first supposed. The weeks lengthened into
months until at last it came to he understood
that tho place thnt once knew her would
know her no more, thnt in fnct the severe
labor flie lnul so willingly undergone for the
sake of those who were ileur to her hod re
sulted in completely shuttering a once vig
orous constitution und driving her to the very
verge of the grave.
For the pnst few months her friends had
heard little of her, so ono may judge of the
magnitude of tho surprise when she floated
in upon them resplendent in the glories of
pcrfevt health and strength. Many enquir
ies were innelo as to w liut had worked the as
tonishing change. Klie wns easily induced
to gratify the curiosity of those around her.
"You know," said Mrs. hiunlon, "when
I left hero 1 was a complete physicul wreck.
The long hours of sedenlary occupation
were too much for mn and my nervous sys
tern was completely shattered. My digestion
too, wns ruined and altogether, I wns in such
a condition that I wns scarcely nblo to keep
out of bed. It wns nt this juncture thnt my
eye was attracted by an advertisement"
fche intended to tny something further bnt
the party around her laughed so heartily
that she stopped suddenly.
'Are you going to recommend some patent
meelieine? " asked the oflice boy.
"No, I'm not," she retorted, "I'm going
home."
Mrs. Ptanton, evidently fomewhnt piqued
nt the occurrence, started for the doeir, Imt
her friends fearing tlu.t she might nut really
bo quite ns strong ns she looked, culled a car
riage fur her and sent her to her home at 908
Woodbind Avenue.
" Well," mid Mrs. Plnnton nftorwnnls,
"they needn't have Iniighrd; 1 only thought
it my duty to let their wives and sisters and
sweethearts know thnt I wns cured by Dr.
Williams' Tink Pills for Palo People. I
took two boxes and now I nm all right. I
think they are a boon to suffering woman,
hood."
Dr. Williams' Pink Pills contain, in aeon
densrd form, nil the elements necessary to givo
new life and richness to the blood and restore
shattered nerves. They nro nn unf'niling spc
eilie for such diseases as locomotor ntnxiu, par
tial paralysis, St. Vitus' dnncc, gciuticn, neu.
rnlgiu, rliciimntism, nervous hendnehe, the
nrtcr effect of la pnppc, pnlpitiition of the
heart, imlc and sallow complexions, all formg
of wcukness either in mule oi fcinale.t Pink
Pills are wild by nil dealers, or will lie sent
post, pmd on receipt of price, fiO cents a box or
six boxes for y.'.fti (they nre never sold in bulk
or by the 1(H)), by nelilressing Dr Willianu'
Medicine Company, ticlieucctady, li.Y,
STEEL
01
TON. PA.
E. ROBINSON'S
Lager
Beer
Brewery
Manufacturers of th Celebrated
flu ii tei
CAPACITY!
100,000 Barrels per Annum