6
THE SCKANTON TRIBUNE-WEDNESDAY MOBNINO, AUGUST 12, 1 890.
FACTS FOR VOTERS
WHO ARE IN DOUBT
Official Data Bearing t'poo (be Vexinj
Currency Question.
AI L ABOUT SILVER . AND GOLD
11m I a Muss of Statihtics of Ureal
i i All tkn A a iHlaMstad tit
the Study oft lie x'inuneinl Problem.
Prrpured by the Treasury Depart
. me lit.
80 many requests from voters for in
formation In relutinn to the financial
liiestlon have been presented to the
I'nlted States treasury department
tl.at Secretary Carlisle has taken ref
Wje In a (irlnted circular giving all the
fact at his command. Below is a ayn
, opsls or this circular:
There are ten different kinds of
nnimy in circulation In the X'nited
Slates, namely: (Soltl coin, standard
silver dollars, yubsliliary silver. g(M
celt Ideates, silver certltlcates. Treas
ury antes issued under the net of July
14. ISflU. lTnit"d States notes (also
called 'greenback and lejjal tenders),
liatiouel hank notes and nickel and
bronze coins. These forms of money
r.re all available as circulation. While
they do not all possess the full legal
t"iider quality, each kind has such at
tributes as to Rive It currency. The
fclatus of each kind Is as follows:
('.old coin is legal tender at its nomi
nal or face value for all debts, publlu
and private, when not below the stand
ard weight ind limit of tolerance pre
scribed by law, and when below such
standard and limit of tolerance It is
leyul lender in proportion to Its weight.
Stiiiid iid siiver dollars are leiral ten
d r ut i.nir nominal or lac; value in
payment "f (ill debts, public and prl
valtr, without regard '. the amount,
except wlici-'? otherwise expressly stip
ulated in the contract.
.Subsidiary silver Is legal ruder for
amounts not exceeding $lu in any one
payment.
Treasury notes of the net of July 14,
lnnii. ure legal tender lor all debts, pub
lie and private, except where other
wise expressly stipulated In the con
tiait. 1'nited States notes are legal tender
fur all debts, public und private, ex
cept duties on iinporis and interest on
tile public debt.
(old certificates, silver eeiiillcates
Mid national bank notes are not legal
tender, but both classes of certllieates
eiv receivable for all public dues, while
national bunk notes are receivable for
nil public dues, except duties on Ini
poits, and may be paid out by the gov
ernment for all salaries und other
debts and demands owing by the L'ni
ttd States to individuals, corporations
it nd associations within the I'nlted
States, except interest on the public
debt, and In redemption of the national
cm ti la y. All national banks ale re
quired bv !u.w to receive the notes of
other national bunks at par.
The minor coins of nickel and cupper
are legal tender to the extent of 25
cents.
I H l.l. COINS.
The coinage of legal tender gold was
i. ii Idolized by the first coinage ait
passed by congress April 2. 1711.!.
The gold unit of value is the dollar,
which contains -,r..x grains of standard
gold !U0 line. Hold Is now coined ill
denominations or t-i.M, Ml) and $2(1.
l all 'd respectively quarter eagles, half
eagles, eagles, and double eagles.
The total coinage of gold by the
mints of the fnited States from 17H2
to June -M, l.ssiti. Is l,S14,!(2,25:t. or
which it is estimated that Jr.tiT.'J.il ,S2:t
is still In existence us coin in the
1 nlted States, while the remainder, $1,
24(i.iUH.4:!i, has been exported or con
sumed in-the fine arts. The gulil bul
lion now in the I'nlted Slates amounts
to $:i2.2Cs.lirir,. It will be seen that more
t hi; ii two-thirds of the gold coins struck
nt I lie mints of the I'nlted States have
ills-appeared from circulation.
SII.VKR COINS.
The silver unit Is the dollar, which
contains 412 grains of standard sliver
!nil line. The amount of Hue silver in
the dollar is "7H4 grains, anil there are
41 U grains of copper alloy. The stand
ard silver dollar was lirst authorized
by the aid of April 2, 17H2. Its weight
was 4lli grains SH2.4 fine. The total
amount coined from 1792 to 1S73 was
Ss.iUI.IOT, and the amount coined from
1S7S to June 30, 1SH6, was 14W.7HO.041.
The coinage ratio between gold and
silver under the act of 172 was 15 to 1.
but by the act of 1S37 It was changed
to lr.liss to 1 (commonly culled 16 to 1).
ms is me present ratio.
Uf the $4::o.7!tn,041 standard silver dol
lars coined since February, 1N78, there
wen? held In the treasury Julie :H. 1H9K.
J:l7S,OH,04.'l, and the amount outside the
treasury was $r.2.17.".HS. Silver certifi
cates to the amount of t'142,619,5114 have
ben Issued against that amount of
the rtandurd silver dollars held In the
treasury. The cotunieicial value of an
ounce ct line sliver June so, 1S96. was
J.K'.'2I. and the commercial vnlu of the
rilver bi the silver dollar on that date
was S3.S3 cents.
P At'EP. JIOXF.y.
The first paper money ever Issued by
the government of thi I'nlted States
was authorized by the acts of July 17
and August 6, 1SC1 The notes Issued
were called "demand notes," because
they were payable on demand at cer
deslgnated sub-treasuries. They were
receivable foe all public dues, und the.
secretary was authorized to reissue,
them when received; but the time
within which such reissues migbt be
made, was limited to December :il. 1W2.
The amount authorized by thes act
was I'iO.OOO.OOO. An additional Issue of
?l0.0un.9U0 was authorized by the n'.-t of
Feb. 12. 1S62, and there were reissues
(amounting to JWO.000. The demand
notes were paid In gold when pre.-tciit-cd
for redemption and they were re
ceived for all public dues, and then
two qualities prevented their deprecia
tion. All other United States notes were
depreciated In value from 18G2 until the
resumption of specie payments. The
act of Feb. 2.1. 1862, provided for the
substitution of United States notes In
place of the demand notes, and they
were, therfore, canceled when received,
i'.y July 1, 1863, ail except :!.770,000 had
beeu retired, and nearly three millions
of this small remalr"rr were canceled
luring th next Rical year. These
notes wera .iut legal tender when lirst
Issued, but they were afterwards made
so by the act of March 17, 1862.
UNITED STATES NOTKH.
The principal Issue of I'nlted States
papet money wan officially called Uni
ted States notes. These were the well
known "greenbacks" of "legal ten
ders." ' The act of Feb. 23. 1862, au
thorized the Issue of $150,000,000, of
lilch $50,000,000 were in lieu of an equal
amount of demand noted, and could be
Issued only as the demand notes were
canceled. second Issue of $150,000,000
as auUiorlzted by the act of July 11,
MONETARY SYSTEMS AND APPROXIMATK STOCKS OF MONEY IN THE AGGREGATE AND PER CAPITA IX THE
PRINCIPAL COCNTKIKS OF TUB WOULD.
Monetary
system.
.Gold und silver-.
.Uold
.Uold and silver..
.Gold
.Gold and silver..
.Gold and silver..
Uold and silver..
.Uold and silver..
.Gold
.Gold
.Gold and silver..
.Gold
.Gold
.Gold
.Silver
.Gold and sliver..
.Gold
.Gold
.Silver.
.Silver
Countries. '
United Stutes (a)
United Kingdom
France
Germany ,
Belgium
Italy
Switzerland
Spurn .
Portugal
Austria-Hungary ..,
Netherlands
Norway ,
Sweden- ,
Denmark
Russia
Turkey
Australia
Egypt
Mexico
Central American States.
South American States...
.Silver (e)
.Gold and silver..
.Gold and sliver..
.Silver
.Gold
.Gold and silver.,
Japan
India
China
Canada
Cuba
Total
a July 1, 1SIKJ; all other countries Jan. 1, 1S95.
b Estimate, liureau of the Mint.
c Information furnished through United States representatives.
1862, of which, however, $50,000,000 was
to be a teni'iorary Issue for the re
demption of a debt known as the tem
porary loan. A third Issue of $150,000,
000 was authorized by the act of March
3, 1X6.1. The total amount authorized.
Including the temporary issue, was
$45O,0OO,ilK). and the highest amount
outstanding at any time was $449,338.
902, on Jan. 30. 1864. There are still
outstanding $346,GS1,01G.
The reduction from the original per
manent issue of $400,000,000 to $:S46.681.
010 was caused as follows: The act of
April 12, 181'it), provided that United
Stall's notes might be retired to the
extent of $10,000,000 during the ensuing
six months, and that thereafter they
might be retired nt the rate of not
more than $4,000,000 per month. This
authority remained in force until It
wad sus:eiided by the act of Feb. 4,
KstiS. The authorized amount of reduc
tion during this period was about $70,
ouo.ooo, but the actual reduction was
only about $44,000,000 No chunge was
made In the volume of United States
notes outstanding until after the panic
of 1872. when. In response to popular
demand, the government reissued $26,
000.000 of the canceled notes.
This brouijht the amount outstand
ing to $382,0(10,000, and it so remained
until the resumption act of Jan. 14,
IS75. provided for its reduction to $"00,
000,000. The process wus. however,
again stopped by the act of May 21,1878,
which required the notes to be reissued
when redeemed. At that time the
amount outstanding wus $346,681,016,
which is the present amount.
COLD .CERTIFICATES.
The act of March 3, 1883, authorized
the secretary of the treasury to re
ceive deposits of gold coin and bullion
In sums not less than $20, und to is
sue certificates therefor In denomina
tions nut less than fM. sulci certifi
cates lu be receivable for duties on
Imports. Under this act deposits of
gold were received and certitlcates Is
sued until Junuury 1. 1879. when the
practice was discontinued by order of
l he secretary or tne treasury. 1 in- pur
pose of the cider was to prevent the
holders or Unit 'd States notes from
present lug them for redemption :u
gold, and redepusltlng the gold in ex
change for gold certificates. No cer
tlllcaites were Issued after January 1,
1S79. until the passage of the bank act
of July 12. 1882, which authorized and
directed the secretary of the treasury
to receive gold coin and bullion and
Issue certificates,
SILVER CERTIFICATES.
The act of February 2S, 1S7S, author
izing the Issue of the standard silver
dollar, provided thut any holder of
such dollars might deposit them In
sums not less thun $10 with the treas
urer or any assistant treasurer of the
I'nlted States, and receive certificates
therefor. In denominations not less
than $10, said eel tllicates to be re
ceivable for customs tuxes and all
public dues. The act of August 4. 1896,
authorized the Issue of the smaller
denominations of $1, $2 and $5. Silver
certificates have practhally taken the
place in circulation of the standard
diver dollars which they represent.
The amount outside the treasury July
1. 1896, was $331,259,509, while tlie
amount of standard sliver dullars out
side the treasury wan only $52,175,
998. Neither sliver certificates nor sli
ver dollars are redeemed In gold.
TREASURY NOTES. ACT OF JULY
14. 1890.
These notes were authorized by the
act of July 14, 1890, commonly called
the "Sherman Act." The secretary of
the trensury waa directed to purchase
each month 4.5O0.000 ounces of line sli
ver at the murket price, and to pay
for the same with treasury notes re
deemable on demand In coin, and legal
tender for all debts, public and prl
vavte, except where otherwise express
ly stipulated In the contract. It was
provided in the act that when the
notes should lie redeemed or received
for dues they might be reissued; but
that no greater or less amount of such
notes should be "outstanding at any
time than the cost of the silver bul
lion and the standard silver dullars
coined therefrom, then held In the
treasury, purchased by such notes."
The authority for the purchase of
silver bullion under this act was re
pealed by the act of November 1, 1R93.
up to which date the government had
purchased 168.674,082.53 line ounces, at
u cost of $155,931,002. for which treas
ury notes were Issued. The amount
of silver bullion purchased under said
act and now held In the treasury Is
131.S3S.199.46 line ounces, which cost
$118,90.'!,9( 19.2.1.
REDEMPTION.
Oold coins and standard silver dol
lars being standard coins of the United
States are not "redeemable."
Subsidiary coins and minor coins
muy be presented In sums or multiples
of $20 to the treasurer of the United
States or to an assistant treasurer for
redemption for exchange Into lawful
money.
United States notes are redeemable
In "coin," In sums not less than $,
by the assistant treasurers In New
York and San Francisco.
Treasury notes of 1890 are redeema
ble In '"coin." In sums not less than
$50, by the treasurer and all assist
ant treasurers of the United Stutes.
National bank notes are red-emablo
In lawful money of the United Stutes
by the treasurer, but not by the as-'
slstant treaurers. They are also re
deemable at the bank of issue. In
order to provide for the redemption
of Its nn( when presented, every
national bank is required by law to
keep on deposit with the teasurer a
sum equal to G per cent, of its circu
lation. 1
- Uold certificate, being receipts for
gold coin, ar redeemable in such coin
Ratio between
gold und full
legal tender
silver.
1 to 15.98
..".'l to 15?!,
8to.k of
gold.
$6(10,1(10.000
1)580, 000,000
b850.000,OUO
1)625.000,000
bTiS.OUU.OflO
cS8.am.oiii
cl4.900.OU0
bHI.U0O.UOO
b3S,(KK).0U0
bl4O,O00,0UO
v29.200.UUO
b7.5OO.0OO
c8,OUO,000
rl4.500.OUO
b 180.000, (MO
b5O.O0O.0OO
bll&, 000,009
bl20,000,000
b5.0un.OUO
b5(IA,000
b40.000.OOO
c8O.O00.0U0
Population.
7i.3un.uuo ;
3S.90O.00O '
3S.300.OUO
51.200,000
6.300.000
30,700,(100
3.000,000
17.S00.00O
s.ioo.ouo
43,500,000
4,700,000
2,000,000
4,800,000
2,300,000
l!ti,000,OUO
22,000,000
. 4,700,000
6,800,000
12.100.000
5,6011.0110
36,010,000
41.100,000
296,000,000
310,0011,000
4,8(10,000
1,800,000
1 to 15Uj
1 to 15u
1 to 153
1 to 15'
.1 to 15
.1 to 15'i
.1 to 15?i
..1 to IG'-j
..1 to loVi
..1 to 15'fc
..1 to 16.18
..1 to 15
M 4.000.01)0
bl8,O0o,0oo
$4,086,800,000
..1 to lEMi
by the treasurer and all assistant
treasurers of the United States.
Silver certificates are receipts for
standard silver dollars deposited, and
are redeemable In such dollars only,
"Coin" obligations of the govern
ment afe redeemed In gold coin when
gold Is demanded, and in silver when
silver is demanded.
COINAGE OF THE UNITED STATES.
(Among the tables given the following
ore the most important:
COINAGE EXECUTED AT THE MINTS
OF THE t'NTED STATES DURING
THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JI'NE 30.
1896:
Denomination. Pteces. VaJue.
Double eagles 1,091,320 $21,826,400 00
Eagles 26,278 262.780 00
Half wiides ..; 83.938 419.680 W
Wuarter eagles 5,885 14,712 50
Totul gold 1.207.419 22.523,672 50
Dollars.
Half dollars ;.
Quarter dollars ..
Dimes
Total silver
Five-cent nickels .
One-cent bronze .,
7.500, 402
. 1.099.315
. 2,950.412
. 690.412
i.EUO.412 00
549.657 50
737,603 (10
69.041 20
.12,240.551 8,856,713 70
... 4,790,212
...22.657.572
239.510 60
226,575 7S
Total minor , '..27,447.784 466,086 32
Totul coinage 40.895,754 $31,846,372 32
COINAGE OF GOLD AND SILVER BY
TUB AUNTS OF THE UNITED
STATES, 1873-1895:
Gold Silver
Calendar Coining
Year. Value. Vultie.
173 $.-7,022,748 $4,024,748
1874 35,254.630 6.851.777
1875 32,951,940 15.347,893
1876 46.579.453 24.503,308
1877 43,999.8'H 28,393,or
I87S 49.786.053 28.51N.S.
1879 39,080.080 27,569.776
tS80 62,308,279 27.411,694
IS8I 96.850,890 27,940,164
1882 65,887.681 27.D73.132
1883 29.24l.W9il 29,246.'I0S
1884 23,991.756 28.534 866
1885 27,773.012 28,862,176
1886 28.945.542 32.080.7'9
1887 23.972,383 .'15,191.081
1888 81,380,8118 33,025,60'l
188H 21.413.931 35,496,083
189(1 20,467.182 :,2iC,mg
1891 29,222,(105 27,518,857
18S3 34,787,223 12,611 078
1893 56.997,020 8.802,797
t894 79.546.16(1 ,200..r.l
195 59.616,358 ' 5.898,010
Total $997,076,991 $544,142,477
COINAGE
OF GOLD AND SI
LVER OF
WHOLE
1873-1894:
TH E M
l.NTS OF THE
FOR THE YEARS
WORLD
Gold Silver
Calendar Coining
Year. Value. Value.
1873 $257,630,802 $131,544,464
1874 135.H8.3li7 102.931,212
1875 J85.987.428 119.915.167
187'i 213,119,278 126.577.161
1877 201,616,466 1 14,359,332
1878 H8.38li.61l 161.191.913
1879 90,752.811 104.88S.313
I8K0 149.725.081 84,611.974
1881 117,015,275 lu8.010.osii
18S2 99.697,17(1 110,785.034
1SS3 104,845,114 1O9.306.7O5
18SI 99.432.795 95,K32,0S4
1885 95.757,582 12ii.76l.574
1886 91.642,070 124,854.101
1887 124.992.4li5 163,41 1.397
I8S8 134.828.xrA 134.922,344
1889 168,901,519 139,362,595
1S!H1 149,244,965 152,293.144
1891 119,534.122 138.294.3ii7
1X92 172,473,124 155.517,317
ISM 232,420.517 137,952,90
1814 227,921,032 113,095,788
Total $3,401,703,409 $2,756,423,015
PRODUCTION OF COLD AND SILVER
IN THE WORLD SINCE THE DIS
COVERY OF AMERICA.
I From 1493 to 1885 Is from a table of aver
ages for certain periods compiled by Dr.
Adolph Soetbeer. For the years 1886 to 1895
the production is the annual estimate of
the K a leu a of the Mint
Value. P.O.
Period. Gold. Silver. Old. Sil.
1493-1520.. $107,931,001) $54,703,000 66.4 S3.6
1521-1544.. 1I4.205.UUO 89,986,000 55.9 44.1
1545-1560., 110,492.1)00 2O7.24O.00O 30.4 69.6
1561-1580.. (.917,0(1O 248,990,000 26.7 73.3
15S1-16U0.. S8.095,iM) 348,254,0(81 22 78
lii"1-1620.. 113.248.18)0 35I.579,0I 24.4 75 6
1621-1610.. 110,324.0111) 327,221.000 25.2 74.8
1641-1060.. 116,571.000 301,525.000 27.7 72.3
IU61-10S0.. 123.U84.0Oll 2S0.166.000 30.5 69.5
1681-17(10.. 143,08,0(10 284.240,000 33.5 6S.5
1701-1720.. 17O.403.UO0 295,629,000 30.8 63.4
1721-1710.. 253,011,001) 358.480.000 41.4 58.6
1711-1760.. 327,116.(100 443.232.000 42.5 57.5
17K1-17SO.. 275,211.000 542.658.0O0 33.7 66.3
17S1-1SUU., 236,464.000 7:.810,000 24.4 75.6
1801-1810.. 1I7.152.00O 371,677.08) 24.1 75.9
1811-lvjo.. 76.oii3.0OO 224,786.000 25.3 74.7
1821-1830.. 94.479.UOO 181.444.000 33 67
1S31-1S40.. 134.841.Ouil 247.Sll.OUO 35.2 64.$
1841-1850.. :i63.928,000 324.400.000 52.9 7.1
1851-1855.. 062.566,(100 184.169.UU0 78.3 21.7
1856-1XKO.. 670.415,000 188.092.00i) 78.1 219
1861-1M65.. n4.941,OUO 22S.86I.0U0 71.9 27.1
1806-187(1.. 64S.07I.IHW 278,313,000 70 30
1871.1875.. 577.883,000 4o9.322.O00 58.5 41.6
1876-1880.. rM2.931.000 5o,256.000 53 47
1S81-18S5.. 495.5S2.0no 5!i4.773,000 45.5 54.5
1886 1U6.163,9u0 12O.626.8U0 46.8 53.2
1887 105.774.9u0 124.28I.OIO 45.9 54.1
ISsS 110.196.90(1 J40.7u6.4llO 43.9 56.1
1SX! 123,489.2181 1Vi.427.7UO 44.3 55.7
1S90 118.8t8.7uo 103.032,000 42.1 57.9
1891 1:.650.U00 177.352,3(10 42.4 57.6
1892 146.M5.1UO 198.014.400 42.5 57.5
1893 157.287.OiO 2I4.745.3UO 42.4 57.6
18114 1Ml.626.1lin 2l6.S92.20lt 45.6 54.4
1895 2u3.0OM.uuO 220,O0O,OUi 47.3 52.7
Total .$8,781.4177.400 $10,357,811,100 45.9 54.1
Estimated.
The sliver product is given at Its com
mercial vulne. reckoned ut the averaite
market price of silver each year, as well
as its coining value In United States-dollars.
BULLION VALUE OF 371 H GRAINS OF
PURE SILVER AT THE ANNUAL
AVERAGES PRICE OK SILVER
EACH YEAR FROM 1837 TO 1895, IN
CLUSIVE: Year.
1X37
1838
1839
1810
1841...'
1842
1S43
1844
1S45
186
1847
1848
Value.
.. .$1,009
... 1.MH
... 1.023
... 1.H3
... 1.0)8
... 1.007
... l.(ct
... 1.0O8
... 1.004
... 1.0U5
... 1.011
... 1.008
... 1.013
... 1.013
Year.
17...
1868...
1S6S...
1870...
1871...
1812...
1873...
1874...
1875...
1876.,.
. 1877..,
1878...
1879...
U80...
Value.
....$1,027
.... 1.025
.... 1.024
.... 1.027
.... 1.025
.... 1.022
.... 1.0O4
WS
961
894
929
.... .891
.... .80S
t
1849
1850
Per capita of
circulation.
Gold. Silver.
Stock of Paper
liver. Currency.
$625,600,000 ' 1383, 300. OU0
115,000,000 C1U.4U0.00II
487.900.(810 c32. 100.000
215.OUO.OUO ct0, 400.000
' 64,900.(100 c65.4UO.000
41,4dO.UI ct91,8OD.0UO
15,000,01111
166,000,018) c83.700.00O
U4.80u.O0O c55.100.UiO
120.000.000 c2Ol.300.OUO
56.200.0UO c28,aoO,0OO
' 2.000,000 3.800.000
4.800.000 r 2, 100.000
5.400,000 c5.400.COO
48,000,000 c539,0O0.00O
40.IW.000
7.000.0UO
15,000.000
55.000,000 b2,000,0(IO
12.0UO.00O rS.000.OUO
30.000.0UO b550,00O,00O
S4.306.OUO
950.OUO.OUO b37.0OO.OI8l
750,000.000
5,000,000 b29,00O.o00
1.500.000
$8.41 $8.77
14.91
22.1
" 12.21
8.73
3.20
4.97
2.28
' .745
S.2S
6.21
3.75
1.66
6.30
3.80
2.27
24.47
17.65
.41
.09
1.11
1.95
2 96
12.94
4.20
8.71
1.35
5.00
9.49
4.86
2.76
11.96
1.00
1.00
2.35
.38
1.82
1.49
2.20
4.54
2.14
.83
2.05
3.21
2.0S
1.01
.83
10.00
$l.o7O,5tKi.0u0 $2,436,500.00)
d Hnupt.
e Except Venezuela and Chile.
Year. Value. Year. Value.
185 l.o;t4 1KSI : .8S.)
1852 1.025 1882 878
1853 1.042 1S83 S5S
1854 1.042 1SS4 Mil
1855 1.039 1S85 823
1856 1.039 1S86 763
1857 1.046 1887 756
1858 1.039 1888 72
1859 1.052 1889 723
1860 1.045 1890 80S
1861 1.031 1891 764
1802 1.011 1892 673
18(13 1.040 1893 603
1864 1.040 1S91 191
1865 1.035 1895 503
1866 1.036 1896 (6 mos.) 528
PRODUCT OF GOLD AND SILVER
FROM MINES IN THE UNITED
STATES, 1873-1595.
Gid Silver
Calendar Commercial Coining
Yeur. Value. Value. Value.
1873 $36,UUU.OOO $35,890,000 $35,750,000
1S74 33,5lKI,UOO 36.S69.0U0 37,300,000
1875 33.4UO.OOO 30.549,lIO 3i.7UO.U0O
1X76 39,900,000 34.690,000 38.8UO.uoo
1877 46.900.000 36.970.000 39.SUO.000
1878 5I.20O.0UO 40,270.000 45.200.000
1S79 38.900.0U) 35.430,000 4O.8HI.000
ISM) 36.OUO.0OO 34.720.000 39.200,000
1881 34,700,000 37,850.000 43.OU0.0OO
1X82 32,500.000 41,120.01) 46.8UU.00O
1883 30,000.000 39.66O.0U0 4ti.2OU.O0u
1884 30.SUO.UUU 42.U7U.OUU 4S.800.OUO
1885 31,800.000 42.500,110 51.6UU.UuO
1886 35.600,000 S9.2SO.0UO 61,000.000
1887 33.0IM.OK) 4O.41O.0W) 53.350.110
ISSS 33.175,000 43,020.000 ' 59, 195,000
1889 32.S0O.UO0 46.75O.UI0 64.046.0UI
1880 32.845.OuO 67,225.( 70.465,000
ISM 33, 175,000 57.630.UIO 75.4I7.UIO
1892 33,000. 000 55.563.U10 92.10I.UIU
1X83 35,956.000 46,8(K).UiO 77.576,000
ISM 39,6uO.OUO 31,422.11 64,000,0(10
1S95 46.6I0.0U0 36.445,000 72.051.000
Totals.. $830,660,000 $943,083,000 $1,214,751,000
PRMM1UM ON GOLD AND GOI4J
VALUE OF UNITED STATES LEGAL
TENDER NOTES FROM 1862 TO JAN
1, 1879:
Average cur- Average Oold
reney value of value of
gold each U. S. notes each
calendar yeur calendar year
during suspen- during suspen
sion of specie sion of specie
payments, payments,
Jan. 1, 1X62. to Jan. I. 1862. to
Year. Jan. 1. 1579. Jan. 1. 1879.
1862 113.3 83.3
1863 145.2 68 9
1864 203.2 49.2
1865 157.3 63.6
I860 140.9 " 71
1867 13S.2 72.4
1868 139.7 71.6
1869 133. 75.2
1870 114.9 87.
1871 111.7 88.5
1872 112.4 89.
1873 113.8 87.9
1874 111.2 89.9
1875 114.9 87.
187(1 111.5 89.8
1S77 lot-S 95.4
1874 100.8 99.2
OTHER EVIL IDEAS.
The
( hicngo Platform 1 Full
of
Mischievous Propositions.
"The boy orator says that sliver Is the
only Issue. Then why did not the boy ora
tor stop the platform after they got pHSt
the Pi to 1? Why did he write In iis plat
form, and bid his people Insert the doc
trine that we should destroy the present
national banking system? Why did they
put In their platform the pronosltlon to
destroy the supreme court of the 1 nlted
Stutes? For a hundred years it has stood
as a co-ordinate branch of the govern
ment, between the weakest citizen and the
strongest statesmen.
"If, unfortunately, there is a man here
who intends lo support Uryan, ask your
self the question: Do you favor that plat
form tl.at proiioses to degrade the supreme
court of the I'nlted States that for a hun
dred years has been lifted above the air
of politics, so that their great Judgments
shall turn upon the whim of political
bosses and the change of the political
wind? That Is an Issue of this cam.
palgn, and Mr. Bryan and his purty can
not dodge It." (Great applause.) Con.
gressman W. E. -Muon.
l)EMO R VUV'H OHITl AKY.
"For nearly forty years the Democratic
party hus been a political Weury Willie,
tramping through the country In search of
strange gods. It has drained the dregs of
every Ism, and eaten a cold handout
lunch from the back door of every politi
cal fad factory In the country. H hus
done those things It had ought not to have
done, end left undone things It ought to
have dune, and there is no health in It,
and, like all such creatures. Its last end
Is worse than the tlrst, for now its own
national convention wus bolted and
(purnrd and repudiated It. and today It
la masquerading In the pastures of Popu
lism, feeding upon the thistles of snei il
Ism and the dog fennel of anarchy. For
thirty-six yeais It has never been right
upon any question except at the wrong
time. It has existed but to deceive, and is
now expiring In the web Its duplicity ere.
ated. It wus born but to betray, lived but
to libel, and is dying only to be damned."
From a Recent Campaign Speech.
. ..
HOW IS IT MOW f
"Four years ago nineteen years after
the 'crime of 1873- this country, by a se
ries of progressive advancement, hud
reached to the very culmination of Amer
ican prosperity, and thut meant the very
culmination of the greatest of all times
and Of all peoples. Four years ago there
were more men In this country at work,
there were more places for men lo labor,
wages were higher, money freer, and low
er prices than had ever been seen In any
other generation of mankind. I slate to
you, as an accredited fact today, that four
years ago there was not one man in the
United Slates with strong hands ami (till
ing heart who could not tlml every day
in the year a place to labor for a decent
wage." Senator Thurston.
THE N4TIOVM SEED.
"The condition of this country demands
protection, not free trude; reciprocity, not
anarchy; an honest dollar, not flultsm;
confidence, not distrust: William McKin
ley. not Bryan: a Republican statesman,
not a popocratlc doodlesack. Give us
these and prosperity will return bearing
aloft the record of Republicanism, a rec
ord that tells of a nation saved, a flag
stalnlees, a race redeemed from captivity,
and for a third of a century every pledge
of the nation sacredly kept. Patriotism
can then close the history of the nine,
teenth century u gloriously as it wS be
gun." -
WHERE CUPID
IS BARRED
Little God of Love I Dethroned la
Japan.
VERY PECULIAR SOCIAL ' LAWS
Etiquette Gorrraiug Ike Relations of
Young Men and W omen Before Mar
riage--.o Kissing or Embracing at
the W edding Feast.
When a young man wants to get
married In Japan he does not offer his
heart and hand to the girl he loves,
but. if an arrangement haa not already
been made for him by his parents with
the- daughter of a neighbor, he goes to
a discreet and trusted friend who is
already married, and asks that he and
his wife act as "nakodos." or go-betweens,
for him in this Important mat
ter. It is the most delicate duty one
friend cun perform for another; it Is
the highest of compliments to ask I".
as it Is naturally an evidence of com
plete confidence, and the gentleman
und lady who undeituke it assume re
sponsibilities that few people In Amer
ica would care to accept. Tluy not only
agree to Und a suitable partner for the
aspirant for mutrimonial honors, hut
remain through life In the relation of
godfather and godmother to the young
couple. They are expected to assist
them if they get into difficulty of suffer
misfortune, to promote their prosperity
and happiness In all ways possible and
serve as a board or arbitration to set
tle disputes that may arise In the fam
lly. ,
But the responsibility Is not dreaded
in Japan us much as would be sup
posed. People ure used to It, and nearly
every gentleman and lady of acknowl
edged distinction have at least on
and sometimes several couples under
their care.
AKRANCiKD BY PARENTS.
As a rule In the upper circles of so
ciety tnurrlage between the sons and
daughters of friendly families are ar
ranged by the parents when the child
ren are very young, and a boy or girl
of ten know who they ure going to marry
lontr before they are old enough to un
derstand the nature of that relation.
But they are not allowed to associate
with each other. From Infancy girls
are taught that they are Inferior to their
brothers, and must treat them with re
spect accordingly. A boy can cull his
sister by a pel name, but she can not
show the same familiarity toward hlni.
He is "Anl-san," which literally means
"Mr. Brother," and his authorily can
not be disputed In their play. Usually
the toya of the family take their meals
with their father, and their mother and
sisters wait upon them, accepting what
food Is left by the superior beings with
out a murmur. In this way the spirit
of obedience to mankind Is Instilled In
to the mind of woinuiihood. Confucius
laufcht that children of 7 years should
be separated, bul the Japanese are a
little more liberal than the Chinese In
this respect, and boys and girls play to
gether until they are 10 or 12 years of
age. After that their association is for
bidden. Nor Is there any opportunity for a boy
to bec-ome acquulntid with the girls of
his father's set. Therefore courting Is
Impossible, pnd the children of families
whose houses may adjoin grow up as
btrans-ers to each other. This rule ap
plies equally to the nearest relations.
There can be nu friendship between
youiiK men and women. It Is disrepu
table for a Japanese young man to mar
ry for love. There Is no such thing as
love between the sexes before marriage,
and there Is no word to define such af
fection in the Japanese language. "When
a young man and a young woman love
each other public sentiment places them
very low In the scale of morals.
CELIBACY A DISGRACE.
The oclal laws of Japan require that
a man shall marry at the age of 18 or
19, and it Is a disgrace for a man or a
woman to remain single after they are
20 or 21. As a consequence there are
Very few old bachelors or old mulds In
the empire.
Hut a young man usually has an op
portunity to Inspect the girl that is
selected by his parents or his nakodos
before an engegement Is decided upon,
and if either is dissatisfied with the ap
pearance of the other the arrangement
may be declared off. This meeting
Is called a "mi-yai," which means lit
erally 'mutual seeing."
According to etiquette the Interview
may take place at the residence of the
nakodos or at the house of the young
lady's futht'r; but among the lower
clusses a picnic or a theater party, a
boat ride or an excursion of some sort
serves the purpose. If the visit takes
place at the house of the young lady's
father, the young man and his nakodo
are received by the host and salute
each other with great politeness. A ser
vant brings a pot of tea and materials
for smoking, over which the three gen
tlemen discuss politics, business mat
ters, the condition of the rice mar
ket, the news from China, or any other
Indifferent snbj-ct for awhile. Then
the host will clap his hands and the
youtiK lady In Interest herself appears.
dressed in her prettiest klminn and obi
and bearing a. tray conta'nlng three
cups and a pot of tea. These she places
upon the mat In front of the guests
and proceeds to serve the beverage
and sweetmeats which her mother or
a servant brings after her. Girls are
trained to perform this duty with the
greatest degree of grace for tea pour
ing is regarded as the highest accom
plishment an Jaoanetv woman can
acquire on this occasion Is nuturally of
the greatest importance. She Is not to
sM-ak unless she is spoken to. and the
responsibility of beginning a conversa
tion with her rests iin the nakodo. If
he is a Kentleinun of tact he introduces
some subject or asks some question that
Is calculated to bring out whatever con
versational poweis the young lady may
possess, and in the meantime she sits
upon her heels and endeavors to be
as charming as possible. The young
man may engage in the conversation.
but it is not good form for him to ad
dress his remarks to her. He may
sieak to her father or her mother, but
he usually remains entirely silent dur
ing the ordeal. If the "ml-yal" hap
pens to be an excursion or a theater
party the same rule Is observed. He
may look as much as he likes, but it
is bad manners for him to show the
young lady any particular attention
THE ACCEPTANCE.
After the ml-yai is over the young
man and his nakodo retire for consulta
tion. He thinks the matter over, and
if he decides that the candidate Is ac
ceptable his patents send her a hand
some box of gifts Sometimes It con
tains silks and other fabrics, ornaments
or Jewelry, decorative works of art, and.
among; the common people, fish, sea
weed and other forms of food. Then the
bride's parents tend presents In return,
which Is equivalent to an engagement,
and an early day la selected for the wed
ding. If the young lady should happen
to object, which is not often the case, as
she i. guided entirely by the wishes of
her parents In this and all other matters,
the nakodo la notified before an oppor
tunity to send presents Is given.
When the day for the wedding is se
lected the trousseau of the bride and
several articles of household furniture
are sent to her. husband's home, and
they are usually exhibited to the friends
of the family beforehand. The wed'dlng
gown is always pure white, and the
bridegroom is dressed in a "kamishlmo"
a peculiar dress made of varus kinds
of silk In colors according to Ms rank.
THE WEDDING.
The wedding ceremony takes place at
the house of the brldg room's parents
and friends of both families are Invit
ed to be present. The bride Is escorted
there at nightfall by her parents and
other members of her family and the
nukodos, followed by servants bearing
gifts to the family of the bridegroom. It
was formerly the custom to light a bon
fire In front of the gate of her parental
home and lift her ovei It. This ceremony
meant purillcation. She Is met ouUUle
the entrance by the members of the
groom's family. Hut he is seated on a
cushion in front of the tokonomu. a
shallow recess or alcove that is found in
all Japanese houses and Is used for the
display of ornaments. When she enters
the room she is escorted to a seat beside
him. The nakodos bit at his right and
at her left are usually two marled ladles
or two little girls dressed in white, who
serve as bridesmaids.
'When the party Is all placed a chorus
of voices In the adjoining room sings
a Japanese song called "Utal." A low
table of white wood, that haa never
been used, is then brought in, and a
tray Is placed upon It containing three
cups, which one of the bridesmaids fills
with sake. The latter hands the small
est cup to the bride, who takes three
dainty sips of wine and then passes it
to the groom, who follows the exam
ple. The second and third cups are
Idled In a similar manner and the cere
mony Is repeated. . As the groom re
turns the third cup to the bridesmaid
all clap their hands, which is a salute
of approbation announcing that the
ceremony Is over.
KISSING NOT POPULAR.
There Is no kissing or embracing, but
a great many congratulations are of
fered to the young couple and guests
of literary attainments are expected to
hand them poems of their own com
position, which are afterward bound
Into a little book as a memento of the
occasion. The couple then retire to
put off the wedding robes and resume
their ordinary garments, and after.
ward Join the guests at a feast, which
is served with great ceremony. The
congratulations are there renewed and
Include the parents and relatives of
the couple, and everybody drinks to
the health of the bride and groom.
Sometimes the feasting continues very
late and often ends In a carousal, but
before the guests retire they repeat
their congratulations, as is customary
In other countries.
Among the common people the mar
rlage ceremony Is considerably modi
lied. Bridesmaids are omitted and the
nakodos, the gentleman sitting at the
right of the groom and his wife at the
left of the bride, fill and pass the cups
of sake; but there is always a supper of
some kind and plenty to drink, if the
food is only rice and salted fish and the
liquids only tea.
When the guests have left the house
the nakodos take the couple to their
bedroom, assist them In removing their
garments and put them to bed. After
they are well covered up another cup of
sake Is passed around and the final
good-nights are repeated.
In the morning the father of the
groom, or the nakodo, goes to police
headquarters and registers the fact of
the marriage, giving the names, ages
and occupations and residence of the
couple. It Is customary fur the bride
and groom shortly after their marriage
to make a present to the gentleman and
lady who have served them.
FACILITATING DIVORCE.
On the third day after the wedding the
bride returns to her father's house to
stay three or seven days, as the case
muy be, during which time her father
invites the friends of both families
usually those who have been guests at
the wedding to a big feast. If the first
three days uf married life are not sat
isfactory to the bride she notifies the
nukodos of that fact and does not re
turn to her husband's home, which is
equivalent to a divorce. If the husband
Is dissatisfied he notifies the nakodos,
and they are expected to communicate
with the bride's parents. If a divorce
Is insisted upon by either party it must
be accepted by the other, but such a
proceeding is seldom resorted to except
where misrepresentations have been
made as to the temper and physical con
dition of either party. If the bride or
groom proves to be deformed. Impotent
or diseased In any manner a divorce Is
considered honorable and legitimate.
and It is only necessary to register the
fact at police headquarters.
After the ceremonies are concluded
the bride separates herself entirely
from her own family and becomes as
much Identified with the family of her
husband as if she were born into it.
She is not expected to Inherit any of
her futher's property, although he may
leave her a legacy If he desires to do
so. Nor Is it necessary for a father
to give his daughter a dot upon hev
marriage, although It Is often done.
It Is usually a part of the original ar
rangement, and the amount is settled
between her parents and the nukodos.
OUR PLAN SCOUTED.
I asked one of the most progressive
and modernized Japanese I have evr
met whether It were not possible for
a young mun to select his own bride
and propose marriage to her or to her
father, according to the American
plan.
"Of course It Is posf.lble." he replied,
"but It Is extremely Improbable. Our
people ure nut educated up to that
point. We may come to It In time, but
marriage and the uffalrs of the home
are the last to be affected by foreign
Innovations. If a young man of the
very highest reputation and social posi
tion should attempt to offer himself
to a young lady, or usk her hand in
marriage from her father, as you do :n
America, he would undoubtedly be
kicked out of the house. It would be
absolutely fatal to his prospects of
marriage, for neither that girt nor any
other girl with any self-respect would
accept him. The result would be the
same as If some young man In America
were to try the Jaoanese plan. He
would he considered as trilling with
the most sacred relation In life and his
friends would be advised to shut him
up In a lunatic asylum. While our
young peoule are not allowed to as
sociate upon terms of Intimacy with
each other or even fotm friendships
with unmarried persons of the opposite
sex, they see each other frequently, so
It is aln ays possible and often easy for
a young man to select his bride from
among the families with which his par
ents are friendly. It la only necessary
for him to notify bis father or a na
kodo of his wishes and if the young
lady Is not otherwise provided for they
can arrange matters to his satisfaction
without the slightest difficulty."
WOODS CREDIT PAYS.
The Hoaest Borrower Caa Always
Make the Best Terms.
Tom Reed at Portland. .
"Borrowing and lending are equally!
(honorable, and when a man wants to bor
row money tie wants it for his own ad
vantage. Had he tjetter deprive himself
of the chance or burden himself with the
necessary extra Interest which attaches
Itself to dishonesty? Above all things, had
a nation better do It? Suppose the nation
today could scale down Its debt one-half,
would It be a good thing? I tell you, no.
"And the reason Is this, the purely sel
fish reason, for I am not dealing In senti
mentalities, the purely selfish reason why
a nation ought to be more honorable in
Its obligations than even an Individual
is, because an Indlvdual may want to bor
row money for h's enterprises, and If he
does not get money he doesn't got Into
the enterprise, and there is an end of it.
Kut when a nation wants to borrow
money, it wants to borrow money at once
for an emergency, as during the war we
borrowed it ror ocr lives and for the life
of the nation. (Applause.)
"I tell you that, In the days when rows
were a legal tender, the most short-sighted
and foolish fellow was the fellow who re.
turned lame cows to the lender; the- most
successful business man was the man who
sent buck thoroughly good merchantable
cows ell the time."
Selecting a Market.
Poet "Have you read my verses?"
Critic "Yes; really they do not mean
anything that I can see; they don't rhyme
and they are halting throughout."
Poet (musingly) "Then, what would you
advise? Send 'em to the magaxlnesT"
Chicago Record.
A Question.
Dr. Klllem "Your mother-in-law will
have to go to a warmer climate."
Ben Henpecked (with tears of Joy In his
eyes) "Doctor will you perform the oper
ation?" Truth.
ISlADVJAY'S
POLLS,
Always Reliable,
Piirely Uegetable.
TIE GREAT LIVER AND STOMACH REMEDY
An Excellent and Mild Cathartic
Perfectly Tastelosa
Over Forty Years In Use and
Never Known lo Fail.
Posses properties the most eztraor
ordidary in restoring health. They
stimulate to healthy action the van.
ous organs, the natural conditions of
which are ao necessary for health,
grapple with and neutralise the Im
purities, driving them completely out
of the system.
RAD WAY'S PILLS
Have long been acknowledged aa
the Beat Cure for
SICK HEADACHE,
, FEMALE COMPLAINTS,
'' INDIGESTION,
BILIOUSNESS,
CONSTIPATION,
DYSPEPSIA
AND
All Disorders of the Liver.
fVFnll printed directions in saob boi; US
eeuta a boi. (Sold by all druggists or mailed
on noelut of price.
RAD WAY At Co., 82 Warrsn Street, N. Y.
TO THE PUBLIC: Be sure sad ask to
KADWAY'S and mm that ta aams "BAD
WAY" is on what you buy.
JAMES MOIR,
THE MERCHANT TAILOR
Ma Moved te His Ntw Quarters,
402 Lackawanna Avenue.
Entrance on stds next ta First National
Bank. Ht ha now In a
Comprising everything requisite for flue
Merchant Tailoring. And the same ess
be shown to advantage In bis iplm
dioly fitted up rgons
A SPECIAL INVITATION
b Extended ts All Readers of The Trlba
a to Cell on "OLD RELIABLE" la His
New Business Horn
E. ROBINSON'S
Lager
Beer
Brewery
Manufacturers of the Celebrated
CAPACITYl
100,000 Barrels per Annum
The St. Denis
Bresdway snd Eleventh St., New York,
Opp. Uracs Church. -Euro peas plea.
Room li.oo a Dsy snd Upwards.
in Dini una unoDirnure way tners are
.. w.... .... muwu in turn hwituuviv
than the St. Denis.
The greet popularity it has acquired caa
readily be traced to Its unique location, its
homelike atmosphere, the peculiar excellent)
it lie otiielna and Barrloa, and its Try moder
ate prices.
111
1
I
WILLIAM TAYLOR AND SOU