THE SCHANTON TRIBUXE WEDNESDAY MOTlNING,, JULY 29, 189G.
9
MANUFACTURES AN
INDEX OF PROGRESS
Commercial and Intellectual Develop
ment Travel Side by Side.
BUSY WORKSHOPS AND SCHOOLS
Test of a Kcccnt Speech by Governor
Lippitt of Rhode Island That Hut a
Practical Hearing on tho Present
Campaign. .
The consideration of protection lends
at once to the question of manufac
tures. Are they necessary or advan
tageous in a country like ours? For
mora than thirty years, after 1SC1. Pro
tection prevailed w ith an unbroken rec
ord In this country. Kor the past few
years there has been a departure from
this policy. We are about to decide
whether to return to the policy of Pro
tection, or to continue In the direction
Indicated by the Democratic party.
In such circumstance an examina
tion of the experience of other nations
In relation to manufactures may help
us to determine our best interests. In
South America there is not a single
manufacturing nation, as the term is
now understood Africa Is In a similar
condition. The same Is true of Asia, ex
cept. In some respects, those portions
of that vast continent that have come
tinder the control of the more enterpris
ing nations of r.urope. Jauan, perhaps,
furnishes an exception. Side by side
with the 'victories that she has gained
over her ancient enemy, China, come
accounts of her successes In manufac
turing. The United States may find a
competitor from the West In addition
to those that have heretofore been met
' from the East.
In Europe the situation Is different.
It Is the manufacturing continent of the
world. Jleasure the nations It contains
by manufactures, and the order Is Eng
land, Germany, France, Itussia, Italy,
Spain. A comparative table of the po
sition of these nations In manufactur
ing was complied for the year 1S8S.
United Kingdom $3,v.K,0i0.nio
Germany 2,!",uik,':i))
France 2,3iili,UiHM
Russia l,7iW."WW
Italy rs,iuiO)
Spain 413,000,000
The manufacturing product of the
Vnlted Kingdom, or England, exceeds
that of any other European nation. It
Is more thnn equal to the product of
Germany, Italy and Spain combined,
and very nearly equal to the total
manufacturing products of Fiance and
Russia.
AN INFALLIBLE SIGN.
That the importance of nations is In
dicated, hy manufacturing is well Illus
trated by the comparison of tho wealth
of the nations of Europe. A table of na
tional wealth In 1SSX was compiled by
the same authority as that for manu
facturers. Wealth, lSS.
United Kingdom $ l.-,74il.00O.Wh)
France 4I.si:i.iiii.(Wi)
Germany 31,iEii.io.iii
Itussia 2I.TiM,iW.iMt
Italy H.t19.ii0,iKW
Spain 12,2I4,O'K).0iW
The relation between these nations Is
In the exact order of the value of their
manufacturing l roducts, except in the'
case of France and Germany. The po
sition of these two nations is transpos
ed, England stands first as the richest
nation of Europe. Her wealth exceeds
that of Germany and Italy combined.
As manufacturing supremacy indi
cates wealth, it Is also a measure of In
telligence. In the United Kingdom,
France and Germany, the number of
people In a hundred able to write varies
from 85 to 96. In Itussia, Italy and Spain
the number falls to from 15 to 47.
Among the older nations of the world,
therefore, wealth. Intelligence, and, as
we have reason to believe, from other
sources, nntlonal power, Is generally
iwoixrtlon to manufacturing pro
ducts. England is our chief competitor.
France and Germany are competitors
to a less extent. The United States
does not fear competition with the man
ufacturing products of Russia, Italy, or
Spain. Asia, with the possible excep
tion of Japan, Africa and South Amer
ica do not contain a nation capable of
a serious manufacturing coniliet with
America. An examination of our pos
sible competitors for supremacy In
manufacturing reduces the number to
three or four nations.
ENGLAND AND AMERICA.
Compare England, the leading manu
facturing nntlon of the world, outside
of this country, with the United States.
In 1G0 the manufacturing product of
Great Britain was $2,710,000,000. In
that year the United States was second,
with a manufacturing product of $l.M7.
tOO.OOO. 'During the twenty-elcht years
between 1S60 and 1SSS, the basis of these
comparisons being English figures,
England maintained what may fairly
be called a free-trade policy. The poli
cy or the United States was protection.
It Is natural to suppose that, nt the
end of this period, England had at
least maintained her lead over the Uni
ted States, a comparatively new nation.
In 1&S8, however, the manufacturing
product of England was J3.9PO.OoO.ooo.
In that year the United States had
overtaken and passed her great rival,
having tncreased her manufacturing
product to $7,022,000,0(10. Protection had
worked wonders for America. It had
made her the first manufacturing na
tion of the world. It had enabled her
manufacturing Industry to exceed that
of the United Kingdom combined with
the product of any other manufacturing
nation of the world. As would be ex
the wealth of England nnd the United
States In 1SSS stands In a similar rela
pected from the result In other nations,
tion. That of the United Kingdom was
$15,746,000,000. The wealth of the United
States was $62,410,000,000.
In Intelligence thp comparison shows
that 92 persons In 100 can write In the
United States, against 90 In 100 in the
United Kingdom.
From 1S60 to 1S90, during the thirty
years that Protection was the national
policy, the progress of the United States
exceeds that of any other nation, for
any similar period In the history of
the world. The comparison of the con
dition of the country at the two periods
Is most interesting.
i860. lsno.
Population S1.M3.32U r.2.622,250
Wealth J16.159.G16.0UO $65,037,091,000
Manufacturing
product '. 11,883.801.07'; $9,372,437.2X1
Pig Iron, tons ... 821,223 8,i2,7'ri
Coal tons 14,333.912 157.7Sfi.iri6
Wheat, bushels .. 173,101.924 S99.2i2.n00
Corn, bushels .... 838,792,742 1,489,970,000
Exports of do
mestic manu
factures $10,315,892 $151,102,376
Foreign trade .. S6.S7.192.0uQ $1.6 17.139, W)
Customs revenue $53,187,511 $229,6taW4
Railroads, miles. 80,626 ICS.iWI
Patents issued .. 26,612 418,665
uch marvelous results indicate that
Re Kepullcan policy of Protection has
en of wonderful benefit to the nation.
Manufactures are necessary to the
highest order of intelligence. To devel
op the human brain, an infinite diver
sity of occupation and of enjoyment are
necessary. To attain the highest civili
sation, every form of occupation that
the climatic conditions render possible
must ba maintained. The experience
and information gained in becoming fa
miliar. with manufacturing processes
raises the intelligence of the mass of
the iwople. They become Informed and
skillful In particular lines of life. Im
provements are suggested. Individual
gains through the returns from pat
ents stimulate the entire population to
secure similar protlts. The improved
procests of manufacture benefit not
only the Individuals controlling them
for a time, but also the well-being of
the entire country.
Here Is an article only a few Inches
long. It may be a sixteenth of an Inch
in diameter. It is about the size of a
lady's darning needle. Upon its sur
face are over 7.400 points. It Is a jew
elers Hie. One pound of steel, costing
40 cents, will make S3 dozen such tiles.
The 9!6 flies In their finished state arc
worth t'j'i.Zj. A pound of steel, there
fore, after bein.g manipulated by the
various machines through which this
little file has passed, has been Increas
ed in value 11,710 per cent. The inven
tor of the machinery which led to tho
production of these articles was a
Rhode Islander. At an early age he
began work In the Whttiiisville ma
chine shop, where his father was em
ployed at the head of a gang of men.
His entire working life, previous to in
venting the file machine, was passed
In different machine shops, gaining tho
Information and experience which tln
ully produced the result. If manufac
turing establishments had not been
maintained In the community where he
lived, thereby enabling him to earn hH
livelihood as a machinist, he could not
have Invented the machinery by which
a pound of metal of little value is
made equal to nearly three ounces of
gold. The enhanced value of the pound
of steel Is entirely in labor. The Ml
dozen files In a finished state have had
nothing in the way of metal or other
material added to them. That they are
worth, approximately, $60, Is due entire
ly to tho labor employed In bringing
them to their finished condition. These
delicate processes of manufacture, the
direct outcome of the Invention of Nich
olson, have enabled thousands of work
men to maintain themselves nnd their
lamilies by honest labor. Manufactur
ers, ihereiore, work for the elevation
of the Individual workman and for the
benefit of the community.
PRACTICAL UNIVERSITIES.
Every manufacturing establishment
is a college. They are ns necessary to
the development of mankind as any i.a
stitutlon of learning that may bo
named. The ordinary signification of
the word "education" may well bo
broadened. It is commonly restrict ?d
to graduates of schools and colleges
familiar with books. The learned pres
idents of Harvard and of Columbia are
educated men. Had they been called
upon to solve the problem of the fIK
machine, and to so arrange Its delicate
parts ns to make It a practical success,
it would hnve been as difficult for them
to accomplish the result as for Nien
olson. In his early years, to conjugate
a Greek verb. Can there be any doubt
that in relation to tho fila machine
Nlcholfcn was educated, and that the
others would have been .wanting in
formation? The technical knowledge
gained in manufacturing establish
ments by the people of this country. Is
an education 'Which cannot be secured
In any other way. The Increase In pat
ents Issued between 1S60 and 1S90 in
dicates the educational influence of
manufacturing. The story of great In
ventions is as Interesting as a rom
ance. Some eight yenrs ngo three brothers
of a New England manufacturing firm,
meeting together to consider their busi
ness prospects, conceived the idea that
the ordinary cotton cloth loom was sus
ceptible of great Improvements. They
set aside $10,000 for experiment and In
vestigation. A contract was made with
Rhodes, the best machinist In their em
ploy, to assist In producing the result.
This man had been trained in machine
shops maintained In New England. At
the end of n few months an Improved
loom was produced. Northrop, an Eng
lishman, who had been employed In the;
same machine shop, suggested a furth
er Improvement. A separate location
In the workshlp was given him, and his
results. In a friendly way, were com
pared with those of Rhodes. In a short
time twelve looms were built ahd s't
up In a Fall River cotton mill. A short
experlenco inillcntcd that they wre ex
ceedingly Imperfect. Had cotton man
ufacturing not been conducted In the
neighborhood of the machine shop, the
needed experience could not hnve been
secured. After further d velopment. a
contract was made for fifty looms wit'i
the Pacific mills. It proved a disas
trous enterprise. The new loom failed
to accomplish the desired result, and
Involved the principals In a loss of $15,
000. By this time there had been ex
pended In the development of the In
vention some $r,o,0f!0 or JfiO.OOrt. To
further study the lo m, a suitable build
ing was provided nnd eighty looms set
up and run under the owners' super
vision. A third machinist. Roper, also
employed In the machine shop, suggest
ed an important Improvement, the wnrr
stop motion. Its application complete!
the machine. It became known ns the
Northrop loom, nnd is now (n practical
operation. Some twenty-five men, all
technically-educated In machine shops,
or In the cotton manufacture, have In
vented different parts of this machine.
Their Improvements have been covered
by approximately 100 patents. There
has been expended In experiments, in
Investigation and for patents, some
JCOO.OCO. The result is a reduction of one.
half In the cost of weaving cotton cloto
The cost of weaving constitutes one
half the cost of labor required to pro
duce cotton cloth. Consequently the
saving secured by the loom is approxi
mately one-quarter of the labor of pro
ducing the cloth. Experts have esti
mated that In 1S95 JS0.000.00O was paid
for labor In the cotton manufacture In
ythe United States. Assume that tho
improved loom had been thoroughly in
troduced, the saving secured thereby
would have been approximately $20,
000.000. Tile Interest on the National
debt of the United States In 1892, the
last year of Republican control, was
$22,893,000. The possible saving of the
new loom, therefore, would be about
seven-eighths of this Interest.
PUBLIC BENEFACTORS.
It accomplishes something more. The
bid method of weaving cotton cloth
requires the weaver to suck through the
hole In the shuttle, the end of the thread
coming from the new bobbin. This
process draws directly Into the lungs
minute cotton fibres. It has been esti
mated that It has to be repeated as often
as 800 times In a working day, or 240.000
times In a year. The offsets of such in
halations are deleterious.
From Its financial benefits, and from
a humanitarian standpoint, this ma
chine, the Invention' of which In this
not the manufacture of machinery and
the production of cotton cloth been
MAJOR
POWELL CLAYTON.
CYRUS I.ELAND.
UENKY C. rAYNC.
maintained for generations In this
country, practically Illustrates a fea
ture of manufacturing not ordinarily
dwelt upon In tariff discussions. The
educational Inlluence of manufactures
Is of vast Importance to the nation. The
workman, technically educated, either
in textiles. In machinery, or In the ma
nipulation of precious metals, is quite
as capable of producing results, to his
own honor, for the renown of his coun
try, and for the benefit of mankind, as
Is the learned professor of any educa
tional institution.
Of Nicholson, Rhodes, Northrop,
Roper, and tho Drapers, may well be
Bald as of the successful husbandman,
"to make two blades of grass or two
ears of corn to grow upon a spot of
ground where only one grew before Is
to deserve well of mankind, and to be
of essential service to the state."
FREE SILVER EVILS.
Startling Evidences in Colombia of
the White .Metal's I'ndesirability.
Cost oT Living Doubled--Wnjie In
rr nn'tl About Fifty Per Cent.,
While Provisions Have luerenncd
Two Hundred Per Cent.
The following letter which eloquently
shows the evils of free silver has been
received by the World from Luther F.
McKlnney, United States minister to
liogota: "As the money question
Focnis to be the Important question In
the present political contest In the Unit
ed States, I thought it might be of in
terest to know what effect silver legis
lation has had upon the people of Co
lombia. "Twenty years ago. In 1S76, gold and
sliver were coined in the mints of Co
lombia, both being a legal tender for all
debts, and at that time, owing to the
scarcity of the white metal, sliver was
at a premium over gold of about 3 per
cent.
"About 1XS0 gold was at a premium,
because the Imports exceeded the ex
ports, and as the balance had to be
paid in gold. It required n small pre
mium to get the gold for the purpose.
I'p to 1SS5 the government continued
to coin gold and silver, and at that
time gold was at a premium over silver
of about 20 per cent.
"In 1SS5 congress passed a law that
made paper money a legal tender for
all debts, the paper to be payable In
gold or silver at the option of the gov
ernment;' this being nnattempt to make
silver at a par with gold.
GOLD 190 PER CENT. PREMIUM.
"This wag an Impossibility, for at
once the gold all went out of the coun
try and the government was on a silver
liasls In spite of its efforts by legisla
tion. to keep gold and silver at a parity.
From that time to tills there has been
no gold In circulation In Colombia.
"The effect of this wus to raise the
premium on gold from 20 per centt In
1SS5 to 190 per cent. In Pi5.
"At tho present time, June 17, ex
change on New York Is 110, the price of
exchange depending wholly upon the
number of drafts upon the market and
the demand for them. As tho coffee
crop Is being shipped nt this time and
the merchants for certain reasons are
pot Importing largely, the price of ex
change Is low.
"In the department of Panama paper
money Is not used, rllver being the only
medium of circulation, the result being
that silver In tho other departments has
entirely gone out of circulation, and pa
per Is the only money used.
"If one goes to market In ISogota and
offers silver for his dinner It Is re
fused. As exchnnge Is Iqwer In Pan
ama than In other parts of the coun
try speculators buy nil the sliver they
can find at a premium of from C to 20
per cent., and send It to Panama and
make a profit. Now, to show the ef
fect of this upon the people of Colom
bia, I will give certain facts that ar
rarell authenticated. '
"In 1835, when gold was at a premium
of 20 per cent., wages of worklngmen
M'KINLEY'S CAMPAIGN MANAGERS.
MATTHEW S. QUAY.
MARK
on the plains of Bogota were 40 cents
a day, nnd In the hot country CO cents
a day. At the present time, wages ara
60 and 90 cents respectively, an ad
vance of SO per cent. All provisions
have Increased in cost about 200 per
cent. Meats at that time were selling
for from 12 to 15 cents per pound; at
the present time they Bell for 40 and
60 cents.
"House rents have Increased from 100
to 200 per cent. Small tenements, such
as poor people occupy, could be had
In 1SS5 for $3 a month; new the snme
tenements bring $S. In 1SS4 and 1SS5
the Protestant minister of Pfogota oc
cupied a house, for which he paid $0
a month; at the present time the same
house brings $200 a month.
MEAN QUALITY OF GOODS.
"In 1885 table board could be had at
the best hotels for $1 a day, now It is
$2 a dny, nnd the proprietors all spy
there Is much less money In the busi
ness than when they received $1. Wear
ing apparel has not Increased in price
In proportion to provisions, but this is
because the people are too poor lo
buy the goods they were in the habit
of wearing before, nnd the merchnnts
have placed upon the market the poor
est quality of goods made In Europe,
for the market. The reason that tlv
merchnnts give for not buying more
goods In the United States is that the
goods are too good and the people
cannot afford to buy them.
"It seems to me that If the working
men of the United States will study
this object lesson they will readily see
that what they want is an honest dol
lar that will buy as much In the mar
kets abroad as the dollar of any other
nation.
TWO DOLLARS FOR ONE.
"If the silver was coined In the United
States at the rate of 16 to 1. while the
gold In a gold dollar Is worth 100 cents
in any country in the world., and the
sliver In a silver dollar Is only worth 50
cents. Is It not plain that the experience
of Columbia, and In fact all South
American countries where It has been
tried, will be the experience of the
United States?"
"The gold will all leave the country,
and It will require two dollars of silver
to buy one dollars worth of goods In the
markets f the world, where gold is the
standard.
"The next question ls.wlll the wages
of labor be Increased In proportion to
the Increase of the coot of l'vlng? The
price of labor will always be governed
by the law of supply and demand, while
the cost of living will be governed by the
value of the dollar that the laborer re
ceives for his toil.
FREE SILVER MEANS POVERTY.
"Silver legislation in every country
where an effort has been made to make
a silver dollar equal to a gold dollar has
resulted In poverty to the man who
labors, and the attenit-t In the United
States can but give the same rtsults.
"Three years In this country has giv
en me some practical knowledge of the
effect of a silver and paper currency,
and I send you the above fact3, as they
are well known to the people here."
Mil. BAILEY 8ILEXCED.
When In New York recently Ponrrress
man Bailey, of Texas, attempted to give
street car conductors a lesson In pronun
ciation, with a result not calculated to en
courage a repetition of tho undertaking.
According to the Journal, the congress
man went down Broad vay on a cable ear
the conductor shouted out "Houston!"
with the pronunciation given to that name
In tho metropolis. Bailey looked it a
lnmp post. V'Vou mean 'Hooslon,' " said
Bailey, "ddn't you?" The conductor,
without Inking at him, said: "I know my
business." "If part of your business is
to call out the streets properly," said Hal
Icy, quietly, 'then you don't know It. The
street we have Just passed Is not called
'Howston.' r.a you gave, but 'Hooston,' for
Oenornl Bam Houston, the liberator of
Texas. If you ever went to Texas and
talked about 6am 'Howston,' you'll fee
CHARLES U. DAWES,
IIANNA.
From the Chicago Times -
lucky to escape lynching." "If I went
to Texas." said the conductor, who was
born on Sixth avenue and who never was
farther nway from the city than Coney
Island, "I'd deserve anything they gnvo
me." Hal ley said nothlmt. for hu did not
know the answer to this discourteous sug
gestion. WHAT "STASUAHU" MEANS.
It Is Simply n Measure of Value, in
This Country Gold.
From tho Times-Herald.
Thero are two meanings for tho word
standard. The Hag of a country is a
symbolic standard. For a mere piece
of bunting men deem it happiness to
die, if necessary, not for the texture of
the bunting, but because of that which
It symbolizes, which It represents or
suggests. The flag of the United States
symbolizes freedom of conscience, free
dom of person, freedom of contract and
the right to Individual property honest
ly acquired. That is the American poli
tical standard.
In addition to a symbolic standard
there Is an actual or concrete standurd,
as In money. Gold is a concrete and ac
tual standard, because of the Intrinsic
worth of Its metal. A concrete standard
Is a measure by which other things
have a proportional reUUion to the
measure.
As a political standard of the United
States is the highest known to the
history of political (society, so gold is
the highest standard known to com
mercial society. What the flag of the
United States Is to its political citizen
ship gold is to its honor in the com
mercial world.
The jgold standard, the existing
monetary standard of tho United
States, has been its money standard
Bince 134.
Other things besides gold pass cur
rent with us in exchange for what wo
buy. These other things are silver and
paper. Uecause gold is the monetary
standard of the country our silver and
our paper possess their present value.
That Is to say, what purports to be a
dollar In either silver or paper is a dol
lar because we measure it with gold.
Hy maintenance of a sufficient! quan
tity of jrId In the treasury of the
United States government and the sol
emn pledge of the country to pay 100
cents of every dollar that wo owe, we
keep our silver and our paper at par
with gold, that Is to say. equal to gold.
We measure a certain amount of sil
ver hy the measure of 100 cents In gold.
That makes a silver dollar exactly the
measure In purchasing rower of the
gold dollar. We make a piece of paper
expand to the measure of n gold dol
lar by our promise to give It 100 cents
gold on demand. Thus measured by the
gold standard or gold measure the mere
piece of paper Is worth 100 cents.
Etit suppose we drop the gold meas
ure, or the gold standard, for the two
words mean exactly the same thing.
We must then take the next lower
measure or standard. That Is silver.
To flmnge the phrase Ellghtly, wo
would drop a yard stick thirty-six
Inches long and adopt In Its place a
stick of half a yard or eighteen Inches
long. Instantaneously the equivalent
cf thlty-slx Inches kept In the sliver
and the paper of our currency by the
gold standard or measure would shrink
to eighteen Inches, the dimension of the
silver measure or standard. Thus we
would lose at once one-half the entire
volume and worth of our money.
The question comes down, therefore,
to th!s: Shall we continue to call our
standard or measure a yard of gold, or
Fhall we deprive ourselves cf one-half
of everything we hijK-e and be content
hereafter with a half a yard of silver?
rl!F.K TRADE IX ENGLAND.
That the free trade policy has been a
failure In Oreat Britain will be a surprise
to most American readers.
The Hon. George li. Curtlss, In his re
cently published volume, "1'rotectlon and
JOSEPH H. MAXLET.
W. T. DURUIN.
N. B. SCOTT.
Herald. By tho conrtesy of B. H. Kohltut
Prosperity," says: "The opinion expressed
by the Royal Commission In Its report to
parliament In 1SSC, that the depression In
trade and Industries was due to no exeep.
tlonnl or temporary causes has been con
firmed by the experience of recent years
which have followed. That system of
free trade, or free Imports, which In 1885
was sapping the vitals of British Indus
tries, was the essential cause of the loss
of profits, reduced wages, lack of employ
ment and universal stagnation in business,
Since 1885 the Increase of Imports of com
peting commodities which has taken place
has intensified the suffering which to such
an extent prevails among the masses of
the people. It has prolonged and made
more severe that llfe-and-deatn struggle
which has been raging in every branch of
productive Industry, since the effect of
free trade began to be felt."
Mr. Curtlss has compiled tables from tho
highest British authorities which show
a favorable balance of trado for England
from 1CH7 down to 18C0, only a slnglo year
Intervening when the balance was against
her. Again, from 1801, after England's
protective tariffs had been fully repealed
the balance of trade turned against Eng.
land, ranting from three hundred and
twelve million 111 1M14 to six hundred and
thirty-sevn million In 1M:. Thus England
is today buying abroad more than six
hundred million dollars worth of goods
moro than she sells abroad an amount
equal to one-third of the present money
volume of the United Slates. There are
no other three nations on earth that could
Jointly stand such a strain. England's
ability to meet this enormous balance Is
iue to the Interest and dividends on ner
foreign loans and investments and to tho
Immense amount she receives as the com
mon carrier of tho commercial world.
The wealth which England accumulated
during three centuries of protection Is
toJay invested In the Industries of Amer
ica. Africa, Australia and :nlni, wntle
English labor Is taking refuge In alms
houses. The fact that Great Britain has
thirty times as many paupers as the
United States In comparison with the ac
tual population of the two nations Is a
significant testimony against the bene
ficent influence of free trade.
M'KIXLEY SLOGAN.
"Protection and Prosperity" became
the battle cry of Governor McKin
ley's campaign managers last February.
This graceful alliteration did not gain Us
hold on the American people through 'ts
rhetorical effect alone. It appealed to the
rhetorical, the belief and the hope of every
Republican voter. When this watch-word
was first heralded forth It was caught
up and re-echoed across the continent
nnd touched a rosponsiive chord In the
hearts of a large majority of Republican
voters. Since then it has been emhlai
oned on banners nnd badges until It has
brought to Alajjr McKinley a magnificent
victory.
It mny be of Interest to our readers to
know the origin of this new famous brttls
cry. The manuscript and proof of a large
qiuirto volume entitled "Protection and
Prosperity" was sent to Major McKinley
last January for criticism and review.
The title appealed to him so forcibly that
he gave It to the manager of his campaign.
Governor McKinley berame so Interested
in this book that he carefully read and re
vised Its every page and wrote a nine
page introduction, which Is now published
In the fore part of the book. In his Intro,
duction r Eays: "I recall no work that
even attempts to cover the field marked
out by Mr. Curtlss. It (Protection anl
Prosperity), should be In the hands of ev
ery Intelligent voler who is called upon to
decide between free trade nnd protection
or who desire to base his decision on the
balance sheet of nations."
"Ho also says: "Under similar condi
tions our experience has been precisely the
same as the experience of other nations.
In some ways It has even been England's
own experience. A low tariff or no tariff
has always Increased the Importation of
foreign goods until our money ran out;
produced a balance of trade against tho
country: supplanted the domestic pro
ducer and manufacturer; Impaired the far
mer's home market without Improving
his market abroad; undermined domestic
prosperity: deoroarod the industries anil
Investments; nnd robbed labor of Its Just
rewards. The lower the tariff the more
widespread and aggravated have been
these condltons which paralyze our prog
ress and ludustrles."
"My Friend from Indiana," a new com
edy on the style of "Too Much Johnson,"
Is one of the new productions promised
for cexteason.
TEACHES RESPECT
FOR AUTHORITY
This Is the Purpose of the Military Drl I
in the Schools.
IT DEVELOPS OBEDIENCE TO LAW
Col. Ilenrr H.Adams, of New York,
Explains tho System Practiced im
the Empire State-Not a Soarco of
Danger, lut of Strength to the
Rcpablie.
In view of the efforts of Exra S. Grif
fin Post to secure the Introduction of
military tactics Into the public schools
of Scranton, the following statement
by Colonel Henry H. Adams, of New
York, to the Tribune of that city, con
cerning the practical effects of such
Instruction will possess timely Interest.
"I notice," says he, "that there Is some
misapprehension In regard to the ap
plication of the military drill as con
nected with the public schools. In point
of fact, there ts no military drill 1n the
public Bchools. Indeed, I have never
seen any drilling of the school boys lit
the school rooms. The system which
obtains in the schools of New York
provides that assembling In the morn
ing the scholars march Into the assem
bly room, according to the usual cus
tom of nearly all publlo schools. In
columns of twos, filling both sides of
the auditorium or assembly room, and
at a signal the wings 'Inward fare,'
after which a color-guard with the
United States flag marches down the
center aisle and halts, and at a signal
the whole school comes to a salute of
the flag, after which the school ts seated
and the colors are placed on the plat
form, when the usual morning exercises
take place.
"Ten minutes each day Is usually
given to physical development, after the
'setting-up form.' This method is re
garded by medical men of distinction
as the best process of physical devel
opment now known outside of the gym
nasium, and Is more effective than the
old calisthenics which have been par
tially Introduced In some of the schools
of the country. This and no more Is all
that takes place in the schools connect
ed with what Is ordinarily termed aa
military drill In the public schools.
"In connection with this system civ
ics, forma of municipal, state and na
tional government In all the details con
nected there with are thoroughly
taught. The scholar Is taught the re
sponsibility of citizenship, the neces
sity of a pure ballot, from which' Is
evolved a government of the people, for
the people, by the people. He is also
taught reverence for the flag, respect
for authority, prompt obedience, and 'to
do right, because it is right.'
DOES NOT INTERFERE. '
"This system does not in any way In
terfere with or take the place of any
school work established under the or
dinary curriculum which has hitherto
been adopted and carried out by the
public school system of the Unlte.l
States. It does not supplant or take
the place of geography, or any other
study which Is a part of the establish
ed course of study.
"Outside of the school proper, It Is op
tional with the members of the gradu-'
atlng grammar grades and the young
men of the High School to organize
companies, officered by their own mem.
bers, for the purpose of self-development.
Improved school discipline, selr
restralnt, self-control, respect for au
thority, to acquire under skilled train
ing a dignified bearing, an erect figure,
fine carriage, cleanliness and apprecia
tion of wise leadership, esprit de corps,
etc. These companies drill once per Week
entirely outside of school hours, and
In no way connected with the school
except under the counsel and advice
of the principal, who usually acts a
commandant.
"The non-commlsstoned and commis
sioned officers of the local National
Guards volunteer to Instruct the school
cadets In the manual of arms and com
pany movements, etc., and the use of
armories ts usually aocorded to the
cadets for drill purposes all of which
is In charge of tho Nation Guard of
ficers, which complies with the law.
The companies are equipped with 'wig
wag' flags, dispatch bags, etc., and a
well organized system which usually
accompanies the Signal Corps service.
The uniforms cost $0.50, Including coat,
trousers and cap. Two of these uni
forms outwear three of the ordinary
citizens' suits, and these uniforms are
furnished by the cadets themselves. Up
to the present time the system does not
Involve any expenditure on the part of
the public money.
FURNISHED WITH ARMS.
"The advanced grammar grades and
the High Sshool cadets are the only or
ganizations that have been furnished
arms. These cadet rifles are now loan
ed by the state to the several organiza
tions requiring the same, a proper guar
antee being given to the state for safe
keeping. Hundreds of letters are re
ceived from the patrons of the New
York schools testifying to the good ef
fect of the discipline under this system
on the IncoiTlgibles. The testimony Is,
In effect, that the boys are more readily
submissive to home authority, moro
considerate of the sisters and the broth
ers In the home, and more self-respect
and manliness are developed in the pu
pil. These communications are a mat
ter of record, and on file In general. In
point of scholarship the record of the
New York schools show that the pu
pils connected with the American
Guard stand higher In scholarship than
those who are not of the organization.
"I have given you In brief the promi
nent features of the system now In
operation In New York and In other
parts of the country. When we con
sider that we are a cosmopolitan
country, nnd dally receiving Into our
midst a large population made up of
Individuals who are entirely unfamiliar
with our system of government, and
who are unable In their Ignorance to
comprehend the principles which un
derlie a government of the people, for
the people, and by the people where a
government Is evob ed only from a pure
ballot; where the power lies In the
hands of the peopleIt will at once ap
pear that It Is next to Impossible to edu
cate the adults who are thus flocking
to our shores, and that we must of
necessity look to the enlightenment and
development of their children. The
public schools of the United States are
the bulwark of our safety, and through
this channel we must build for the fu
ture. The census of 1890 shows that
out of the 230,000 public schools of the
United States only 10,000 teach civics
In any way.
'It goes without saying that the An
glo-Saxon Is not a military man. He
Is averse to lighting; Is peaceful In his
disposition, and Is only drawn Into
war under compulsion. There Is noth
ing In the influences at work In tho
United States that la likely, to product
a warlike spirit." -