THE SCflANTON TRIBUNE-WEDNESDAY MOANING, JULY Ji, 1S9.
LIVE WHOLLY FROM
; . THE WORLD APART
Description of tbe Quaint Amana
Colonies of Iowa.
HEADS 01? THE HOUSE OF YANDEK'JILT.
WOMAN'S LONG nOURS.
SHE
TOILS AFTER MAN'S
WORK IS DONE.
DAY'S
What She Ha to Contend With Work
Tlutt Sooner or Later llreaka Down lie
Delicate Organism.
The great majority of women "work
to live" and "live to work," and as
the hands of the clock approach tha
EVERYTHING IS HELD IN COMMON
JBnrringe Is licouraged( education
. li Tabooed, Fine Dre Is Frowucd
1'pon and the Temptations of Mod-
rrn Society Are Kept as Far as Pod
nible Outnide tlte Pale.
nour of six, those em-
yy ployed in stores, offices,
'M mills and factories, hail
II SU vioaiug uiutj W1U1
I Ut nltM4t I.t-
From 'the Times-Herald.
In Iowa, seventy-four miles west of
tli. Mississippi liver am? Davenport,
are the quaint Amana colonies, where
8.0"9 persons are leatitUB, In their own
jiecullar ivufr. a contented, prosperous,
liappy life In a wholesome manner;
where lawyers and divorces are un
known quantities; where since tna
founding of the settlement In isift thcr.1
lius never been even so much as a
Justice's court nor anything approx
imating the character of a calaboose.
' There they live quiet ami peaceful
lives, secure In the enjoyment of com
parative wealth, during the accumula
tion of which they enjoyed a greater
amount of comfort and vastly greater
Vecurity against want and demoraliza
tion than were attained by their neigh
bors or the surrounding population. The
society owns aUout 40,11(10 acres of land,
and Its members live on this land in
seven dilTereift small towns und carry
on agriculture and manufactures of
several kinds and are highly prosper
ous. Th original members were all
'Hermans. Kellgion Is the basis of the
organization. The people are l'letists
and their religious head is supposed by
them to speak by direct Inspiration of
God.
CAME FKOM OKKMANY.
They came from net-many In 14:! and
settled at tirst near Itufl'alo. on a larse
tract of land which the called When
Ezer. There they prospered, but feel
Ins; the need or more land. In 1s.'m they
began to remove to their present home.
They continue to receive from tlermany
accessions to their numbers, and often
pay out of their common treasury the
expenses of poor families, who recom
mend themselves to the society by let
ters, and whom their insnirttl leader
declares to be worthy. The name of
the colonies is taken out of the Bible.
They put the accent on the llrst sa
lable. The name occurs In the song of
Solomon: "Come with me from Leb
anon, my spouse, with me from Leb
anon; look from the top of Amana,
from the top of Shenlr and Herninn,
from the lions' dens, from the moun
tains of the leopards." Amana In Iowa,
however, is not it mountain, but nn
extensive plain, upon which they have
built seven villages, conveniently
placed so as to command the cultivated
lands. The villages lie about a mile
nnd a Juilf apart, and each one has a
store at which' the neighboring farmers
trade nnd an Inn for the accommoda
tion of the general public. Kvery vil
lage also lias its shoemakers, carpent
ers, tailors and other shops, for tle-y
nim to produce ami make, as far as
possible, all that they use. In Middle
Amana. there Is a printing oHlce where
their books are made. The vlllaues ate
well lnid out. The houses are stoutly
built of brick, stone or wood, and are
very plain, each with a sufficient gard
en, but mostly standing Immediately on
the street. They use no paint, believ
ing that the wood lasts as well with
out It. The schoolhouse and church nro
notable buildings only because of their
rivnter' size, for they abhor "stpepip
liouses." The barns and other farm
buildings are roomy nnd convenient. On
the boundaries of the villages are the
houses Inhabited by the hired laborers.
'Knelt family has a house for Itself,
though when a young counle marry
they generally go to live with the par
ents of one or the other for some years.
PKOFLE EAT IN COMMON.
At Irregular Intervals In every village
are houses somewhat larger than the
rest. These' are either cookhouses or
prayer-houses. The people ent In com
mon, but for convenience they are div
ided so that a certain number eat to
gether. The different villages ore
Amana, East, Middle, West nnd South
Amana; Amana Near the Hill and
Homestead. In Amana proper, with Its
thousand people, there are twenty-five
such cooking and eating-houses. In
these the young women nre employed to
work under the supervision of matrons,
end hither when the bell rings come
those who are appointed to eat at each
the sexes sitting at separate tables
and the children also by themselves.
In answer to an Inquiry It was stated
that the women were separated from
the men "to prevent silly conversa
tion and trilling conduct." Each cooking-house
Is required to make Its own
butter and cheese. When the bell ceas
es ringing and all are assembled, they
stand up In their places in silence for
half a minute, then one says grace, and
when he ends all say, "Owl bless nnd
Veep us safely," and then sit down.
There Is but little conversation at table;
the meal Is eaten rapidly, but with
decorum; and at Its close all stand up
again, some one gives thanks, and
thereupon they tile out In quiet order
and precision. They live well, after the
hearty Uerman fashion, and bake i x
cellerlt bread. The table Is clean. Iit it
bus no; cloth. They breakfast between
( and C.30, according to the sea.i-m;
hove mipper between 6 and 7, nnd uin
ner at 11.30. They have besides n af
ternoon lunch of bread and butter and
coffee, and In summer a forenoon luii'h
of bread to which they add beer or Viiv,
both homemade.
EDTTCATION LIMITED.
. Every business has Its foreman, nnd
these leaders In each village meet to
gether every, evening to arrange the
labors of the following day. Tlmr., If
any department needs, for un enur
Wency, an extra force. It Is known.
There Is even a temporal foreman with
hs force of helpers appointed by the
trustees t cam for t hi? cows. Wh'en
the work requires It In the summer,
the women labor with the men In tin;
harvest Held,
( The children are kept at school be
tween the ages of fi and 1:'.; the sexes
do not i sit in separate rooms. The
School oiK-ns lit 7 o'clock and the chil
dren study and recite until 9.3i o'clock.
From that hour until they arc dis
missed fqr dinner they knit gloves,
wristlets or stockings. It Is the same
again in the afternoon. The teachers
are men, but theynre relieved by wo
men when the labor-school begins.
'Boys as well ns girls are required to
knlfj. They give only the most elenien
Inry Instruction. "Why should we let
our youth study more?" they nsk. "We
it?ed no laWyers or preachers; we have
already fito doctors."
PLAIN OTtESS OF THE PEOPLE.
The dress Xf the people Is plain. The
men. wear InVtne winter a vest which
linttons closeXup to the throat. The
women and ruing girls wear dingy col-
VILt.IAM JL VANr'KI'.IUI.T.
THli VAM LIUilLT COAT O!-' AK.Mti.
ored stuffs, piincipally of the society's
own make, cut In the plainest style, and
often short gowns in the Herman peas
ant way. All. even to the very small
girls, wear their hair in a kind of
black cowl or cap, which covers only fin
back of the head, und is tied under the
chin with a black ribbon. Also a1!,
young as well as old, v.eiir a small
dark colored shawl or handkerchief
over the shoulders and pinned very
plainly across the breast. The sex is
not highly esteemed by those people,
who think It dangerous to the Chris
tian's peace of mind. Hie of their most
esteemed writers advises men to ny
froin intercourse with women, as a very
highly dangerous magnet and magical
lire." The women work bard nnd dress
soberly; ull ornaments nre forbidden.
To wear the hail' loose is prohibited.
Ureal care Is used to keep the sexes
apart. In their evening and other
meetings women not only sit apart from
the men, but they leave the room be
fore the men break ranks. Hoys are
allowed to play only with boys, and gil ls
with girls.
MATRI.M ON V PISCO I KAO E 11.
On Sunday afternoon the boys are
permitted to walk In the fields, and so
uro the glrl'i, but they must go In op
posite directions. With all this care
to hide the charms of the young women
to make them, as far as dress can -n
so, look old and ugly, nnd fo keep the
young men away tYom them, love, court
ship and marriage go on at Amana as
elsewhere in the world. Hut while the
married state has unnlly the counten
ance and sanction of the society, matri
mony Is not regarded as a meritorious
act. The civil or temporal government
of the Amana communists consists of
thirteen ttustees, chosen annually by
the male members of the society. The
president of the society Is chosen by
the trustees. This body manages the
finances ami carries on the cenernl
temporal affairs, but it acts only -vlth
the unanimous consent of its members.
The foremen and elders in each village
carry on the work and keep the ac
counts. Kvery village keeps Its own
books and manages Its own affairs, but
all accounts ure finally sent to the
headquarters at Amana, where they are
Inspected and the balance of profit or
loss is discovered. It is supposed that
the labor of each village produces n
profit, but w hether It docs or not makes
no difference in Its supplies of the peo
ple, who receive everything alike, ns all
property is held In common. All ac
counts are balanced once a year and the
productiveness of each industry ascer
tained. WOMEN NOT IN THE COCNCILS.
The elders are a numerous body nnd
presumably men of deep piety. Wo
men are never members of any of the
councils, nor do they hold nry tcmpmnl
or spiritual authority, with the slin;I
exception of Harbaia Heyiiemiir.n, .1
poor and Illiterate Alsatian s-r.mt
maid, who was the inspired onai" of
Amana for many years. They l ave
contrived a very simple and Ingenious
plan for supplying their members with
clothing and other artlcl-s aside from
food.
To each adult male an annual allow
ance is made or from $10 to $lw. ace nd
ing as his position and labor ni co.s
sitates more or less clothing. For each
adult female the allowance Is from $J."
to $P.O, and from to $l!l for each chili.
All that they n I Is kept In store in
each village, and Is sold to the members
at cost and expense. When anyone re
quires nn article of clothing he goo.
to the Flore and selects the cloth, for
which he is charged in a book he brinrr.-.
with him. lie then gees to the tail, r,
who makes the raiment, ami chnrg. s
him on fho book an established price.
If he needs shoes, or a hat, or tobacco,
or n watch everything is in the same
way charged. Almost every man bus a
watch, but they keep sf'ict rule ov. r
vanities of apparel and do not allow
the young girls to buy or v..-nr earring
or breastpins. The young and unmar
ried people who have no parents are di
vided around among the families.
They have no libraries, and most of
their reading is in the lilbl- and their
own Inspired records. A few newspa
pers are taken. In g.-neral they aim
to withdraw themselves ns much as
possible from the World, nnd take very
little Interest in public affairs. Dur
ing the wnr thev voted, but they do
not now to any extent.
ALL A M I "SKMENT3 FOW.irvDHN.
Though the greater number of the
members came from the Lutheran
church, they have also Catholics and
several Jews. They employ about -Ion
hired hands, principally in agricultural
labors; and tKese ure ull (Jeriminn,
many of whom have families. For
these they supply houses and give them
sometlmeg the privilege of ruining a
few cattle on their land. They are ex
cellent farmers, and keep lino Block,
7' v
L i I Jmm
which they care for with Herman thor
oughness; stall-feeding in the winter.
The members ther iselvi s do not wm-k
hard; three hired hands will 'lms much
as five or six of the so.-h ty members.
All nnius. nieiils all curds and fames
whatever-and all musical Instrument;!
aie forbidden, and they regard photo
graphs und pictures of all kinds ns lend
ing to idol worship and therefore not
to be allowed. They have made very
substantia! improvements upon their
property; among other things, in or
der to sei u.-e a 'iMIieicnt water Dower,
they dug a caisil six miles long and
from five to ten feet deep.- hading a
huge body of water through Amana.
On this canal they keep a st".im scow
to dredge it out. About the only drove
of sheep of any sine left In Iowa Is
found at the colonies, but they also buy
all the wool they can get from the
neighboring farmers. They haven high
reputation for integrity ami sin. pie
plain dealing among their neighbors.
It is not easy to cheat them, and they
noer deal the second time with a man
who has in any way wronged them.
They pay n fair price for anything tiu y
want and always pay cash. In their
woolen factories they make cloth
enough for their own wants and to sup
ply the demand of the country about
them. Flannels and yarn, as well, as
woolen gloves und stockings, they ex
port, having u steady demand for their
goods.
HAS NO FLOATING PELT.
At present they own about r,.000 sheen,
".mill head of cattle, -ten horses nnd
."i.niili hogs. The society has no d.-ot.
and has a considerable fund at interest.
The people live to a bale old n They
had recently among the members a wo
man aged !7 und a number of per.-oiis
over so. They are nonivsislunts, but
during the civil war paid for substi
tntcs In the nimy. "Put we did -atop 3
there," said one .f them; "It Is not
right to take part in war even in that
way."
The words of "inspiration" are visual
ly delivered in the public moetlnns, and
at funerals nnd other solemn occasions.
They are always carefully wrilt -u d v,n
by persons specially uppolutod to ti.nl
otliee. When the "Inst mini nt" fulls
into inspiration he is often severely
shak.-n before being taken. Asked whe.t
punishment their rules provide for
(It unkenncss, one Is tol l that this vice
Is, not found among them, though th-y
habitually use both wine and beer.
itELKJlortf festivals or:f-;:';'.7;:D
They keen Xew Year's as a holiLiy,
and Christmas, Easter and the holy
week are their great religious fesl ,-.il
At least once in every year there .s a
general and minute "iintc i s.nioi!'-'."
or inquisition of the whole co.mtiur.it.y-.
inelmiing even the children an i
inatiou i f iU spirituol condition, "'i.e
eiehrnton of the Lord s supper is ili.-ir
L-.io.itcst religious event. U Is held ,.piy
when tiie "inspired Instrument" directs
it, which may not harp, n once in f .vo
year.-., and it Is thought, so lopo -unit
and solemn an occasion that a full :u -count
of 11 Is printed in a book. i- kcI
whether they believed in a pr.iy. r or
faith cure, it was found necessary to
e::iilain to the elder what was mniri
by the phrase. "Xo." he replied, "we
do not use piayer in that way, to ciii-e
disease. Hut it Is possible. Hut If Clod
lias determined death ten doctors can
not help u man."
A noticeable :i.iint in Amana is lb-it
the conelegafiolis do in.l hes.it. ife to
criticise, and very sharply, the conduct
of their spiritual leader., and to d-pusp
them and even expel them f.,r ce.ise.
y. ireou r, they recount i; their ;::i,
wit hi nl disguise, all il-.i-ir misuuder-
.Htillldlll.'-'S. ,
Thus It is r corded of Tarl avn :I y:...
mann. In-fore mentioned, ti.at in
she was com-emmd In ! ir'any to
puis'on fioio the soc-b ty. are! lie.- . :,r. -est
coii-ealies only "Vcicei! to ,ltu'!i
consent that he shpt'ld rcrve a -. a iva d
In the family of one of tic- c nut- na
tion, but even then It was fori .!d n l: v
to the meetings. L'cr cxeliiil o.i seen;::,
however, to have hp-led but a few
months. It Is related lhat th!!-. troaP!"
fell li ion liarluia Inciiurte idle had loo
friendly an eye upon th y !ii;: men,
and tin re nro see:.".I nofen of her ;e
sire to marry a:-, f r in.,tn:i-.e. Uii:. r
(late of August, IJJ, where it Is re
lated that "the i iiemv" te'ni tp ! her
i'lialn w ith a desire to man y one fl ' rrr '
Landmunn, but "ill,- Lord showed
through Iirother r.a'h. a-id also to h; r
own conscience, thr.t this step wn:i
against His Inly will, and aceoidlr.cly
they did not marry, hut did repent
concerning It. nnd the Lord's giupe w.'.s
once more given her." lint, lilt Jacob,
she seems to have "wreHled v.' I til the
Lord," for later Bhe did mciry O.Tirge
Lundr.iann, nnd, thntith they wer for
awhile under rennure, sh i?galne her
old standing as an "Inspired Instru
ment," came over to the United StateB
:,ik ix t ; i ; v a n di; h i : 1 1 :
with her husl-iind nnd was for many
years the inspired orac!" of AuiaiiK.
The people of Aiuni.a appear to be a
rennrkithly quit I, indust i io is. th ui;'ii
wealthy it :it! contended population,
ilonest, t.f good repute among their
t ee!,i,oi s, very kind!) and with reli
gion so tlioioif.iily anil largely made a
part of their lives, that they may be
called a religious people. They llm!
nolhlii'; outside of their own world to
interest them.
- .
SELECTED RFCIPES.
Spiced Currants. Four pounds of
curiaiits. four pounds of sugar, one
pint of iuegar, one tonspoouful of cas
ein, one teuspoonf id of cloves cook long
ctiouyh to thicken the syrup.
Sliced rhel l ies. Make a syrup of one
pint of white sugar ami one pint of wa
ter for each quart of cherries, nnd add
spice to suit the taste. Add the chcr
rits. which must be perfect fruit, with
the pits b it in, when Hie syrup boils,
t'ook half an hour. Vinegar may be
lidded with the r.plee if liked.
Koile-1 Custard. Lolled custard, well
made, is wholesome and enjoyable for
an Invalid. Clear the yolks of two new
lald eggs from the germ and little
while specks and beat them up. leaving
ouf the will'..- of one egg. Stir them
into half a pint of sweetened milk, lla
vor wiili a piece of Mick cinnamon,
mated nutmeg or a few drops of vanilla
essence. I'ct the mixture in a milk
sunt -. -pun surrounded with boiling wat
er. Keep stirring the custard one way
until It thickens a little, but do not let
It boll, or it will curdle. Take it off the
lit e and continue si ii ring for a few min
utes, then ror. r ii Into a glass or break
fast cup and sprinkle powdered cinna
mon on the top. It is nicest eaten hot.
Summer Leverages. First put Into a
large pan a oimrtt r of a pound of fine
(resli latmeal, six ounces of white su
gar nnd hall a lemon cut into small
pieces. Mix with a Utile wa-m water;
tin u pour over It one gallon of boilimr
wnier: stirring altogether thoroiij,iiy,
ese w ) coi.i. This nial-.es a most re
freshing nnd strengthening drink. If
1 ri fcrrcd rmiphcny vine.var. citric acid
or any other llav.iii:.;; may 1-e used in
stead of til lemon. Mere oatmeal limy
also !: nctl if preferred. St coiitl Six
ounces of fiiv on tun ul, four ounces of
eo. na ami eight ounces of suvur mixed
nmduaily and smoo.hly into a r.allou
of boiiing water. (V. wIiom cold.
Chicken Cicam S.ind-.vicie ;. Mix a.
cupful of white chicken ifes.t and cid
er1. , choi.p. il vt ry line, v.-kh a r-u:) of
milk. Add : boHc.l on:.,-.. ;. h..,, and
ll.iei-en W ith two tab!, si.e.eire.ls of
eornst;i:-eb. It musi be qqlte thie!;.
Viieii c . Ued and belling stir (in-, luiiy
Illlo it tiie whites of two ee'TS beat1 'i
v. ry stiff: v.-i: to Ij -'c-. i-l;iee pi a bain
mtir! : ' ma cllow to l il. i'l.ii- i.i tl,e
.pn.-e of hen a levi-'ii tii.il a tab! sn'-.ou-fiii
!' 'iPt.. ,',i.uM lie.- dny befev,.;
cut in'.' si', os r;. I i lac iietv.e't; th'n
li' eS u! but'.eled I..!-. .1,1.
I
V!. run ch.it.-o!-t ..-T!iv.... Is-aoie-v
t:.:.'!-!! -el-iis i f grai- :! i le.e: 1. t
mi.:t il v. iih en ii;;!: cold :!. r to ni-i';.
a s--ii oih p-i' i-1. i'. or this hit . a .lon
el" I oil. i- end add to P tee1 pij.t of now
unlit a.'o one oict cf i-.1:',-.::1 t.hi,-;. Pa1)
iiacp"i! a boiling poict. w iili si;"iri -.n
sugar to s. .m ten. Lit it cook ."": ;ive
ii'.iiiot.s. add i!c will-Leal r, whiit:t ef
two i "gt and serve.
Chno'.pilo I'T. ai la'i fV "'1- Kie.l;
h..lf a box f vtelaline ia ...!.! v.-.. I ! Iieif
a.i hour. !:o.l a i iut "f p,;n;, ml 1 t!.e
gelali!:". f-vo oi.ae. e ,.f :-:).i d c bin i
lale a:-.d st'r im.il di. ; , . '. t i ae.l
h-ilf a cup !' s'.i::;.:- ::ud a t.-.i -p.-cn of
vaniiln. Ui ,:r in ;. p.".:i -m.l c m.! aatl! i!
I lii.;!- ", tin ei vi (S a p:it .' i : i a
wi i.-h lias in -n v!mi ;! t ' ?. i'...r :!
a neiM v i;ii h Ivve , 1-.-. i!'.,,. ; a
i old v. e!.-;-. LM i! stand over ni.-ii; on
lc.-. Si r.-e v. ill: ire;
l::tl,.,l Fi-.-t. v.ith io-. s-ii--a".! i'aae -.
- I it r :i, l i 'e e ae-i , ioe ii1 -, a v. hi.. ':,".;,
or iiuv I'"!i w he:!1:.: .-'...is t- ;. ...
i-t:t":ii;i; ! h . .-ttl. .lie ! -ii in 1! i.i Moe
f.nd eel v ',(', sa!. . ! p -i ; :;!1 ..:.
'1 siae.ee I .-ii.. ;''e 1 j-.-e l .adiV.
bl'l L I ' -1 ; S .V It e;, .;.,; , f , . , ,..
p. in villi scene '!'. i: a:: I a le'np of
butler. i!l-."iee v illi ,1 .!,- '.! l iv cv.
'.he !!sh ! 'ev: thin : . :ei't po.-. . r
bus i f bint- : ami K .: ; ,- en boa:- end
a !iaif, I asth-e i.-xai. i:i:l!y. ?.i:: :
' ' i e oiat ho! n.r ... I v i ev -i te'l -:
-,' " s I..!! :-. iri,. t:il-!t . -1 1 - e; v.'.t't.
p" ' e'!.--i: I'f li "ft e.e.i ; .ry ;f.:, a.
f gva'nM of ear -ene. l i ,
hit it blit!-.'!- ill Cl-al'i;..- S.'aK-l l.;l.p ; V, ee l
bubbling r.i'd the t'ry -u-:sf.ri h, stir
till v.i II l.iix.d, i-di c'-' rr.i !.; i' -:vi . s
find ii'uk till smooth. The !t U'l.l
be as llilek i s drop belt--!-. Ai.ti i.e.-.s-jn-ing
nr. 1 ve i.t oil .
Mo, inshii.e. Tills il. rl i i.mbhn j a
putty .; j t mice with a palata'l' l!e
vor, nno In a co:.v 'ill. nt substitute for
h-o i ream. !: at t :l whiles of six t j.-i-s
In a l.n ad i iiite 1j n v -ry stiff fioti ;
thin nod ;r. dually ni:: tali s-no.ifis
powdered sugar Co make it thicken use
more stprar up to a 'in.l. bocHm; fur
not eii than 20 ti.lnuti:', and then beat
in about one hi-apli'.jr tablespoon cf pre
served pcoidiPS cut In tinv bits (or some
use one cup vt jelly;, and set on ice .-s
WJI.I.IA.M lv. VA.Nl:
- I'rotn l ho Chit a;" Times
til Ui'.rmir.hly chilled. In serving pour
in eat li saui er some rich cream sweet
ened und Pavoied with vunilla. This
quantity Is t noiigh for seven or ehjht
pei sui'H.
C.ilbtl ileef.-Cut thin Filets of cold
roast beef about three inches long and
tnie and ont-half iiiti.es wide, and then
dip Iheni In n ttressini;' made ns follows:
Ibal an egjr until light, then beat In, n
few tiroos at a time, one tablespoon of
oljve oil (or nn ltei( butter), and the
same ouantity of lemon juice or vine
gar, altei natiti-r tiie nil and vinegar,
am) bealiii'i alt until the dressing is
thick like cold cream: mid a saltspnon
tiil of salt, n little w lilto pepper, hair a.
leasp.vinliil of uuislartl and a dash of
eayenn". Dip the meat ill the dress
ing and broil over a clear fire until it
browns n little and Is well heated, put a
piece of butter on each piece, set in the
own u moment and serve.
Ham Toast. Remove the fat from
some slices of told-lo!l"d ham; chop
fine; should be u largo cmiful. Put two
taiilespooniiiis of buiter Into a sauce
pan on the ftove; add tbe chopped ham
and half a teactipful of sweet cream cr
mill:. Season with pepper and salt, and
wh"n hot remove from the stove and
slir in quickly three well-In uttm eggs.
Pour tin mixture over thin slices of
toast and serve at once. Philadelphia
Ito'eord.
WONDERFUL SKY MAP.
Uig Kiiough to Cover Two Acres nnd
Li.ii il it lii illy 31 ili ion Stars--Plates
lor It Cost Two .Million Dollnri.
From the Now York Times.
The gnat map of the sky upon
which astronomers laive been working
fi r the past nine years Is approaching
completion. It Is an International af
fair, for no one country could carry
through such a gigantic task.
Tic heavens hove been manned out
in sections, a section being assigned fo
each of the principal observatories in
the world, nnd each f f these1 eighteen
observatories must furnish a map of Its
particular section in ,i00 parts. To do
this, .'l.neO photographs have been taken
at each observatory, making a grand
total of t'l.Oim photographs. The I'ni-l.-t!
States Is not represented In the ir
teri'a'lini;.) congress for the construc
tion of ibis map. Professor Picketing,
if Jlarvuid, wished to undertake a
siicie of the work, but It was finally
dot-hied ih ;t the gnat amount of time
ivqiiirtd for the allotted section would
Interfere with tiie r. n. ral work of the
c ..nibtidire ( bst I vatol ies. The Vol k' s
i lbs, i vet"! y i,-,-is not, o" course, ready
at the tiine, 1:i:d tin1 others did not
on re to lay out the money for the neces
sary It.sirumcnis.
rile noscivatoricii
du.ring i.i tb
work art
those of lir. t-n-Islegl'oid,
Pois-
wich,
daai.
h a o
Loill", Calane, rl
C :f. yd. I'-ii-;,-.
Uoidefiu::, T.ai-t-mindo.Taeul.ir.a,
liutn. Li, i de1 ,)a-
Algeria, i-ati V
i"o (I'ili!;). I.j
:-o, c--i..
ibolll lie.
'ti 1 .
I'li.lm y and
'i".Vo At lai'ii-;.
The i:.. p v, lii li in total area m arly
two at-r-!'. l ui must in -t es..arily be ili
v!d..d io It' a i-.craigeabie :-.ii:e. j.'ur
e.'iii heial.-plit re iV.cn- viil be !' Cl.il lit
tle i -i s. or U.ocy for f,-.e v.iiol-e r!!e-v-ai
urivt..--,.. I'pan it v.-1 1 1 be shown
r.l"-.'i" :: i1., :,"'-.o :a ,re. Of the:-" i.'iiio.'t.iO
.viil be ee.u.lo.-ti. a a'ad numbered, -o
tioil .Hi..' t air 1 : o t ' ihc e'.eveat'.i i'ia"i:i
l.o'e c-eo !. V'li! d r" e.-.,.-':;.' as sn
i-!:;.r.d lu i':-.1 i. of t!,e wurl.'. Tile
st- re si : ;ee-.-.. i:j,e,-i the u ap will
I.t ail the: it---. I tie r.i;:i te- .-th m:".:i!-i1-1
e. , ! - : o' the si -.r.i
; V, via1 ;., , ... j , : t,(. .-ei-.i !,.;
t. i.u: j it i. -. ..-v. i .l,'a :: aid ( ;'
1 . 1 :.::( J nn,- fill l e .,. .. ,'...
I ' "t : : .'! : ' it... ! '-. . : i-. n ,1 i -,
' v...' oi :.l.:..- v. I.leh l.o 1. :..l
1.1 .- : V. 1 !
" . i e. : .vr-,. s'ar- In o.-.'. e
t , -o ; phi.;, "i- ii. i i !:..y.ii, ! t!;..
;' ..:r:- -.;:: :i . e.-.p.vV sa i T. ti.e
!i t ,o -nl ;-.. ti... -ei. m.c-t'"i:i-''e
-a i. 'i i; 1 i t -.:--i!'-.-- plaie
i: i" .. .-. a t. r . . o. , ... . : -ii
to lei..1 : p..-,-- o. a sl-:r . r tn
' -.'''-. t - ' " 1 1:1 ' r i !-.l i . .i. rn.-.:Tl..t'i . e,
re. :. a:'.e; all the . .)i.t.i have
i :i I i: t'". l-a-.-.i. i ici.-t -" ti-.e
w.-:i( b: vlr:-. T':e i ; ..- rv,'Tit:!-i ir::i
-.Set . ' -i.'-oi .,: ty ;-. .;:.r lnv to 1
re-, .ii ot o. t no iiii:- ;.,n u: i a,;
' I
a ii one:. ifi '-. Pave i... : v,-o:i.,n,; l'.r
yt a: --.
S tce'yj a- p." l.i:i e -.. p. -chict d !
h oil,-.1; v;:,...y the fi-.1!:. .Ml t':e
iui-tririo nt:1, n usl !e s.'ailar !n :ii?;e ut,.!
eoaslMi, lion, t.r 1'ie p'.ut-ig-. ea lis w.mltl
in I 1-e ai'ke. Tie" ii.i -i naMon il con-gie-.-s
v.ie. a ,-.is h-id th" I'.-rht ob-s-'.'vu
tor;- e:-'i( yepi.: ;ii-. ilcidetl t'rr t
a tei.-..se tri'st b .1 urt-iu-tt for
ea. I; ol ci vato; y 1 ,! In ;!ie ,rk.
c.e t.-iist" i. s a-.e a".l t.f 1! feet :l
Int hes f .cal ieiij.ih. ,i;ii it:i obj -rt glass
LI Inches In dUneier.
To lake n K'eliar phot "teaph la not
a vtiv cifieult tan,-:. The hitter:) do
nut liav to look pleasnnf, nnd the
uutvniullc niuvenieut vt the teletcops
run. NKU US VAXDEItPILT.
SKLUL.T.
Hernld, By tlio courtesy of XL II. Kolilfnat.
keeps the objective nlways opposite the
stars to lie photographed. The delicate
part of the task consists in the accu
rate measuring und placing of the stars
shown upon the photographic plate.
Lath negative will be transferred In
duplicate on copper, and the two plates
will be kept la different observatories.
Tills Is to olivhit;' any chance of ucii
dent to the plates, for if both were
lost, tin; damage would be almost ir
reparable. Some Idea of the magnitude
of the task undertaken may bo gained
from fhe fact that to reproduce the
map from the plates will cost over $2,
00(,(ii)(. When to this are added the
post of the Instruments, the time of the
calculators and measurers, and tin
numerous etceteras which pertain to a.
work of so gigantic a mituie, the ulti
mate cost will be tremendous. Hut the
may. when completed. will be of Inestim
able value to astronomers. The Idea
Is to show Just what aspect the heav
ens presented at the period reprt sentt d
Any changes subsequent to this period
will be at once detect1?!!, and val
uable Information gained. We know
that the stars are constantly changing
their positions, but except In the casf
of the larger onet, we do not know what
those changes nre.
PIVIPlNCt T1IK COST.
The observatories participating In
this work will each bear the cost of,
and be responsible for, Its own particu
lar piece of sky. When completed the
photographs will all be forwarded to the
Palis observatory for the production of
I ho map.
Stellar photognphs are ab.vnys used
Just us they come from the camera,
w ithout any retouching whatever. The
number or stars show n Is proportionate!
tu the length of exposure of the sensl
tic idate. At Hi si It was intended to
include, stars of the fifteenth magnitude,
in the measurements, but the tremen
dous additional labor Involved caused
the congress to tlx the limit nt the
fourteenth magnitude. Very, little is
kno.vn of stars which arf such nn enor
mous distance away, and no map or
record haa ever before been made of
them. As matters stand at present a
few millions of them might disappear
without astronomers bring r.ny the wis
1 r. Tlds gigantic map was pUinr.ed by
the Paris observatory in isuii, ami a
proposition made to all the big observa
tories to assist In the work. Since that
date the principal observatories have
been busy on the big schi me, which will
certainly be the must wonderful thing
moduli astronomy has accomplished.
SIXTEEN TO ONE.
A Clear Lxpluinitltiu of the Plunge
Which Is Worth Itcmcinlicring.
The following cxt.hinntl.in of the
phrase "sixteen to mn " is taken lrtnn a
circular ii-sui ,1 by ;.'.e"..--rs. Sailer fi
Sb veils. 111. brokers. 1 f Philadelphia:
"It menus, in orat-tVe. that sixteen
ounces 1 f s'.lvir shall be In Id as ve rth
as much ns one ounce of gol.l. nn.
ounce of gold, American 1 Din standard
of fineness that Is M parts of pure g.-ld
j to PO of nil..;;. ....ill coin, in gold dei'ar.-.
i IS.0U. Sixteen tu. ,ces of silver, Ann ri
f can eniii standard of ti n ss -t'liit is.
i fli'l) parts of pure silver to I'M of alloy, at
j t'ne rate of It'J'e grains to tiie ttoilar (the
J weIgM of the piet. -at tlaadanl rilvcr
i dollar) will coin SU'.W in silver th ilars.
i These s-!::teen laisc t of s"y. r t-c.i be
j bou.i.t in I'tie veaiket' Hie tvositl l
; day for fl'.Hi.
; "There wcii.!. tie i-e'.ve. 1-e a profit of
j Sr.K 0.1 r.-n in -.-ii, ,11 -il i f "e.'jl, belli;'
about y.t per c ut., '..' a ! un : if s.ilv. r
; eop.'d t '.!. il I-1 tin- -.iiilil ".ed t-.isi it
' .ill,i'!!t crai e in'ee t ;. , r 1! 'iiii Vl.o
a, .-ie...;, s t - ' S. c .-, i '-,..-ie jvor a law
i tliut viu allot.- any ! e.u. ! to" s.iv. r biii
! linn, 1 .-, in fa t. sov-i- .1' -lie.- kiiei tin
tie1 lai'ar ("ii, r-o';:.- i.e it Led into
. bars.. p.. I:;: v.; the it i take t'te same
to a..y i.ii..t of tin- I'niL ! U'.tr-s and
t-o'ivci t it i.ii t si.'v .r coi.i tiie i f
' ei-.ir1,.1."
i'l.e 1.
, I,-:v:it
Cwie: I-hyl!::.
n:..:er ty,
ro,,-i a 11 ... 11 k' "
A ;ei'e ! .'.y v. i 1, )i t -'1
In f. ra :;-.- l.'.....:re.
i ei lint v:.y
..'! :!l ,.',. -il.
I l: i--t.-i: the kis-R c.i.i i-lr. i:;h!v.-jy tier..
I (III. II. Me i.e: ii; a..,-, . .ni,..,
Ac.. I ti.t ee le.ull a ,;,)e I
ill C-. :-t.a. y Ihe i." ii la;. 1.
j The z, il.j r. i' :!::.1 thret".-'.! the ti-"c-;,
Ti-.e lit wen ;"ii tee li-r ti,i,-;:-iii:.-.. s: ;d ;
I The h-'-s Is v...ttfi: 0.1 lie bi.-eze
I Anil tun!:; u Iicuu- ui u.i n-.v le.H.
I
I Aivl n-.v.-, v,-!:i th-'." orr f-.i.e I see,
j I f.- t on; ' 'I b.i- u. 'i;:u of il. lit
, T 1 tr.:;;K I'v. I t;.; y ,i:r bits with me
I Fo In:1.: n!-,l Mot i t r:u-ti it yet.
It h;rj il -.irivtd til1 of my bllsx.
l'us e.iased my ihrobhiiiK heart to burn;
Say hat the word nnd I the Ul:-g
With compound interest will return.
JJostou 'l'ruveieA
Joy. THcy
Imvo won
their day's
bread,
hut
EOKl
duties
areyet'
10 lav
performed, nnd many personal mat
tera to be attended to. They have
lueudinjr to do, and dresses or bonnets
to make, and long- into the night they
toil, for they must look neat, and they
have uo time during the day to attend
to personal matters.
Women, therefore, notwithstanding
tlu ir delicate organism, work longer
and more closely than men.
They do uot promptly heed such
Bisons us liei'.tliit-lie, backache, blues,
pains in the groins., beariug-down, "all
pone" feeling, nervousness, loss of
sleep and appetite, whites, irregular
or painful monthly periods, cold and
swollen feet, etc., all symptoms of
womb trouble, which, if not quickly
cheeked, will launch them in a 8 of
misery.
There is but ono absoluto remedy
for all those ills. Any woman who has
to earu her o'"n living will find it
profitable to kLn her system fortified
with this tried and true woman's friend.
Lyiliiv 10. l'inklmm's Vegetable Com
pound speedily removes the cause und
effects a lasting euro.
Ve tire glad to produce Rtich letters
as the following from Miss M. O. Mo
Knmce, 114 Cutlicrine St.. l.'tica, N.Y.:
"For months I hud been utilioted
with that tired feeling, no ambition,
no appetite, and a lieuvy bearing-down
feeling of the uterus. I began to use
Lydiu K. l'inkhatn's Vegetable Com
pound. Soon those bad feelings passed
away ; I began to have more ambition,
my appetite improved and I gained
rupitlly in every way, and now I am
entirely well. I advise all lny friendu
to use the Compound, it is woman's
truest friend.'1
WILLIAM S. MILLAR,
AMermaa 8tli Ward, Scrantoa
ROOMS 4 AND 5
OAS AND WATER CO. BUILDINd,
CORKEft I YOKING AVE. AND CENTER" SL"
OFPirR ITOrnst from 7.S0 a. tn. to 9 p.
tn. (l hour intermission for dinner and
supper.)
Particular Attention fllven to Collection.1!.
Prompt M'ttlcment (iimrautecil. Vour Kust
oesa in Ueptctfully S'jl.ci'itj. Telephone 134.
MT. PLEASANT
COAL,
AT RETAIL..
Conl of the bpst quality for domestic uss
nnil of ull niaes, lnclutliiiK Uaikwheat nni
UlrtlKcyi1. uellvereil in any part of the cltx
ut tlio lowest price.
Ortlers revel vetl nt the Omce, first floor.
Commonwealth biiildinR, room No. ;
ttleiiliono No. 2t:4, or nt the mine, tele
phone No. 27i, will b promptly attendetl
to.Dcalers Lupplled at tho mine.
WM. T.SMITH.
lie
C4-
enis
Brsaiivvny and Eletenth St., New York,
Oe,p. (iraca Cilurch. European Plan.
Ktjuni $1.00 a llay and Upwards.
j'n ti moiloHt mid innbtrtmiva wny tlier art
f. iv bKrcr eiiiidiii-toil liuteU iu thn 'metropolis
tli.-.n the St. IKmit.
Tim treat ii m.ii aritv it ha srqnlreil enn
rp.-il ly he trei icl tu its uiiiiiio lw ution, iu
! , 111. 1,.; i,t.-.i.,siiii th. tha pueuliar x -elleiic.
,1: 10, eir.nii.o und s.wictj, and lid very uiuder-
: tu pl'icts.
wiLUAM TAYLOR AI.D SG'l
A .IiIssim: i ifii ri;
ii'ii- ol ihe familial- iMiiveiition charuc
teis nt' past ymrs was Jlr. Ie liniar, tli.
".Millie Clii-lete, u- hl.ihii." lie did not
:-hnv. up ut lit. l,ouK but nevertheless V.
i;. Cauls i;nl oil a reliable story -about
hi. 11. The siJiy v.M told by l'at l.imon,
the cilitur ef tiie Sail Lake Tribune, and
It ivkttes to L.tni.en'.s lir.si Interview wnh,
I'e I. umar. 'I lie l itter 11 eandlilate
It-.:- thi I ai;e I S:.tt.-s e i.ate. He cams
lUiwa tit l-.:t'l l,:ti;.' l-i:y tn :te:-ure the po
litiral :,(.ii;iurt n! lie- Trl.'iiuie, anil mado
hi;- ;ii;.- u: inn i1 ill Ihe elltiiiial room whll.
i::.;:!n : I. ..111..11 I .,j ,..-ii -1 to be writing
1111 la, ,irt.;nl I. .-ier. el.. I !-l-iiie,l by his
Tree ijai i, ,i. I n.il v.i:-i to be Inter-
I !!'.. Cj.
1:1 .- 1 ir.e:i
i'l.ik.ly."
kiee' up f:
I'm lie 1.
i'.uW II.'
hcj." sul.f Mr. lv Lamar,
i.ii!., I Laiinuii. without
en h'-: ni.iaasei ipt.
i:::.i,-." K.t i. I tiie isitur.
:, .li. .1 l. innon.
" I -.ut v-.kv u seat as re
ttc.l i::c..i;.; Intently ut tha
L.-.iituin ent nervous ami.
1
.1:11:1"
lv I. bat
r n.itil
le.ti;;;i!i-. ii. u! him. exelaimul: "Why th
,!n:i l vuii Mt dewu 11111I wait till T
ret this v. l ithe.,' done." The inquiry was
P.-r-i: c.l. tun ill ; vltelor. wlio 13 not a
i-trje- l.e:a. ts,aiiilt I himself to his ttreat
1 si ,',t;i,e 1 , it.sit.li' and sail: ".My name.
; lie re-ni-. t em the riehesl man la
blilin. I iieve nn ini t.me of tJti.i.lliXI a year,
.in.l 1 wi.i.i In kiiow Ihe reaiiini why you
iaa'1 mve me yimr inteiitlnn'.'"
I.:imniii Junrnd out of Ills chair, seined
Te Lumur by both hands, shook them
vlnli iuly end fx -leJmttl: "My dear sir,
you have :'i"..(WH reasons for not interrupt
lie,' ill11 while I am writiui; an article. I
hate to work for a living and you do not;
take 11 sent over there In the corner, ami
w li. ii I huvi tlnlihed this paragraph 1 will
talk to you."
Henry Irvbm has net his staff nt wnrlt
011 ii production of "Cymbellne" for Ills
Loniltni Lyceum, anil will bring it to
Aniirl-a upon his next visit. Away back
In ivr,7 Mr. irvlmt played "Plsnnio" ti
Helen Fauclt's "ImufHi." Now he. will
ba lauhiaio tu Helen Terrya' heroins.
C MM.