THE SCRASTON TBIBTJNE---'WEDNESDAY; MORNING, APRIL 8, 1890.
it
TRANSPORTATION CHAKCES
Approaching Half Ceateaaial of the
' Pennsylvania Railroad.
.1 RAVEL IS THE DAYS OP YORE
Aa Iatersstlag Ksvtewof th History of
Transportation la Pennsylvania from
th Earliest Times Dowa to
tha Prcient.
From tha Philadelphia Time.
The 13th of April, 1896, will see the
fiftieth anniversary of the founding of
the Pennsylvania railroad, that day
being the day on which the act to in
corporate the company was passed. In
these flftv years the Krowth of the rail
road lins been one of the marvel of
the country.
The history of transportation In Penn
sylvania has yet to be written In an ex
tended form. If It were given its widest
cope it could be expanded to almost
any extent, lor no state in tne union
has had more Interesting beginnings
has had a more dlfllcult problem to
solve, or undergo more trials in reaching
an ultimate and only solution.
It was not until after the war of 1812
that the connections of Philadelphia
with the interior and the West were
taken up in earnest. The rivers and
mountains that lay across the line of
communication from East to West were
not such formidable obstacles at llrst
In the way of a thorough tralllc, for they
could both be crossed by roads, and
the rivers could be linked together by
a canal system. So Boon as the rivers
were improved natural navigation be
gan ti open up the coal regions, and
when the value of anthracite coal was
discovered the canals sprang Into being.
The Schuylkill canal was chartered In
1815, and the Lehigh Coal and Naviga
tion company In 1822. The Union canal,
connecting the Susquehanna with the
Schuylkill, and the Chesapeake and
Delaware followed, and the movement
of trade. East and West had begun.
In the ten years from 1820 to 1830 the
Affections of the people catered them
selves wholly on canals. True, John
Stevens had proposed a railroad from
Philadelphia to Columbia, ana naa
memolrallzcd the legislature,, which by
the ant of March 31, 182:1, granted his
company incorporation, but the Penn
sylvanlans disregarded the project and
only debated a State system of canals
to compete with the Erie canal, In New
York, finished In 1825, and at once per
uetved to threaten the commercial su
premacy which Philadelphia then still
enjoyed. Public agitation led the legis
lature to action, and in 1828 the first
step was taken in the system of public
works, which afterwards proved such
n stumbling block when the time came
to recognise the inevitable superiority
of the Pennsylvania railroad. A Board
of Canal Commissioners was appointed,
and ground was broken for the "Penn
sylvania canal" to be constructed tU the
expense of the state. The state system
of canals was in affective operation by
1834 on the Susquehanna, and up
the Juniata to the mountains, and west
of them. Traffic, both passenger and
freight, was lively, and the rates of
freight were lower from Cincinnati to
Philadelphia than from Cincinnati to
New York.
THE PACKET.
But this result was only reached by
employing the aid of the railroad. The
project of the road between Columbia
and Philadelphia was revived again in
1820, but all fell through as a private
enterprise, and In 1828 the Canal com
missioners were ordered by the legisla
ture to take It in hand. The same act
required them to examine a route for
what was afterward known as the Por
tage railroad, and which ran from Hun
tingdon to Johnstown over the Al
leghenles. The Columbia railroad was
finished with a double track and the
Portage with a single track; and in 1834
communication to Pittsburg, was open
ed by this, now the shortest and easiest
route.
What a Journey It was! The passen
. ger for Pittsburg left Broad and Vine
'streets In the morning was carried up
Broad street by the inclined plane to
the Columbia bridge, where the Penn
sylvania railroad was reached, the first
part of the way being the part con
structed by the city. Thence he was
rattled on to Columbia later, Harris
burg where he arrived during the aft
ernoon, about 3 or 4 o'clock, and took
the canalboat, the packet, as It was
styled, advertised to be equal to any
on the Erie canal. The packet Pitts
burg, first run In 1N36, was 72 feet long,
11 feet wide and 8 feet high. The inte
rior was divided Into three compart
ments, the cook room, the ladles' cabin
find the gentlemen's cabin. Swinging
berths shut off by curtains were fas
tened along the sides. The crew con
sisted of nine men, with a driver and
three mules, and it could accommo
date 150 passengers. But this packet
ran on the other side of the mountains,
from Pittsburg to Johnstown, making
the trip of 104 miles In 28 hours. The
passenger who left Harrtsburg on Mon
day evening reached the Portage on
Wednesday morning and Pittsburg on
Thursday afternoon or evening. Charles
Dickens' description of the trip is well
remembered; he notes the abundant
fare at the Bupper, the "tiers of hang
ing book-shelves" for bunks, the ladle
for dipping washing water out of the
canal and the jack towel!
It must be remembered that not at
once was the passenger on the Col
umbia railroad drawn by locomotive
power. In 1835 there were only three
locomotives on the road. In 1837 forty
were in use. These forty all belonged
. Jo the state; the cars which they hauled
belonged to private firms which under
took to run them for the benefit of the
public over the public works. Until the
locomotives were put on the cars were
run by horses provided by the proprie
tors of the limn. The toll charged by
the state after the Introduction of the
locomotives was two cents a mile for
each passenger, and $4.93 a car, so that
the individual car-owners cut things
very close when they made their own
charge three cents a mile for each
passenger. During the regime of horse
power the time from Philadelphia to
Columbia was about nine hours, the
horses being changed every twelve
miles. The horse cars were something
on the plan of the old stage coach, but
larger.
A WONDER OP OLDEN TIME.
The Portage road was, so long as It
was in use, one of the wonders of Amer
ica. It was a remarkable feat of engi
neering, and the manner In which it
BUrmountpd the natural HimmiiHad
be overcome elicited universal praise.
"It consisted," says Slpes in his History
of the Pennsylvania railroad, "of eleven
levels of grade lines and ten Inclined
planes. The ascent from Johnstown to
the summit was eleven hundred and
seventy-one and a half feet In a dis
tance of twentyrslx and a half miles,
and the descent from the summit to
Hollldaysburg was 1,399 feet in a dis
tance of ten miles. The planes were
numbered oastwardly. The cars .were
passed over these planes by means of
wire ropes attached to the stationary
engines, and it is a notable fact that
during the twenty years the road was
used no serious accident ever occurred
upon It. Boats used on the canal for
carrying through freight were built In
sections, which sections were placed on
trucks and carried over the railroad."
This system, though undoubtedly
beneficial to the district through which
it passed, was never remunerative to
the state. It had cost over $140,000,000,
It was very expensive to operate, and
the practice of allowing private Individ
uals to run cars while the state supplied
Jn; motive power became ft source of
irritation to, the public, TlV eompet
, owners of cars quarreAtd among
.tbtt&MlvM, tad accused saon other of
being monopolies. As early as 1837 the
agitation began for a through line. In
that year the Sunbury and Erie and the
Pittsburg and Susquehanna railroads
were chartered, but they lay languishing
many years. But in 1838 a general con
vention to urge the construction of a
continuous railroad met In Harrtsburg
on the 6th of March; and that was the
beginning of the final absorption of the
old line of public works by the Trunk
Line that now reaches half way across
the continent The convention of 1S38
memorialised the legislature and stirred
up public opinion; and the next year
the Canal Commissioners appointed
Charles L. Schlatter to survey lines from
Harrisburg to Pittsburg. He reported
three routes, of which the third was
that by the Juniata and the Conemaugh,
and was Incontestably the best; It was
the route afterwards adopted, and the
one over which the traveler to the West
speeds today.
There was, however, both opposition
to and lack of Interest In the new road.
The opposition came from the South
western end of the state, where the Bal
timore and Ohio had a strong following;
and several years went by before any
thing was done. In 1813, however, a
public meeting was held in Philadelphia
to urge the prosecution of the work, and
In April of the following year the de
sired act to Incorporate the Pennsylva
nia railroad was at length passed. By
this net the capital of the company waa
fixed at $7,500,000, with the privilege of
increasing the same to $10,000,000; and
the law granting the right of way U tne
Baltimore and Ohlo'rallroad from Cum
berland, Md., to Pittsburg was abro
gated In case the Pennsylvania railroad
should have $3,000,0(10 subscribed and
$1,000,000 paid In, and have 15 miles of
Its road under construction at each ter
minus before July 3, 1847. These condi
tions being complied with Governor
Shunk issued a proclamation declaring
the Baltimore and Ohio's privilege ab
rogated on August 2, 1847. He granted
the company Us charter on February
25, 1847.
THE ROAD'S ENGINEER.
From Georgia, where he had been
managing the Georgia railroad, rame to
fill the Important position of chlet en
gineer of the new railroad a man whose
Influence was destined to be all power
ful in developing not only the great
trunk line but through it his native
state.Thls was J. Edgar Thomson, born
In Delaware county In 1S08, the son of
John Thomson, one of the most ener
getic and able civil engineers of the end
of the eighteenth century. To the strong
will and great power of organization of
the chlet engineer as much as to any
other cause was the success of the Penn
sylvania railroad due.
On September 1, 1849, the first division
of the road, from Harrisburg to Lewis
town, was opened, and on December 10,
1852, cars were run through from Phila
delphia to Pittsburg, using the Portage
Inclined planes to connect the two divis
ions of the Pennsylvania. In February,
1854, trains were run for the first time
without the use of the Inclined planes
and In the same month Mr. Thomson
was elected president of the company.
"The Pennsylvania Railroad," says
Slpes' History, ".was constructed In a
superior maner, and with the Improve
ments since made Is undoubtedly the
most perfect road In America. Not
withstanding It had to overcome the
great Allegheny mountains a barrier
which for a quarter of a century had
been considered unsurmountable by a
railroad without Inclined planes yet It
was carried across by engineering skill
with a faculty really astonishing. The
road begins a gradual ascent at Harris
burg, where It is 310 feet above j, and
rises regularly. At Lewlston It Is 488
feet above tide; at Huntingdon 610; at
Tyrone 886, and at Altoona, where It
reaches the base of the mountain
proper, It Is at an elevation of 1,168 feet.
Up to this point the heaviest gradient
per mile has not exceeded 21 feet. From
a short distance west of Altoona this
gradient is increased to 93 feet per mile
on straight lines and 82 feet per mile
on, curves. , Thus ascending it reaches
its culminating point at the west end
of the great tunnel, where its aitltudo
above th tide Is 2, 161 feet. At Johns
town the elevation Is 1,184 feet and at
Pittsburg 748 feet.
BRANCHING OUT.
Following close on the completion of
the through line came the agitation for
the sale of the old public works. It Is
unnecessary to enter at large now Into
the history of the somewhat protracted
contention which ended In the purchase
of the main line by the Pennsylvania
railroad, which it in the end acquired
free to the tonnage tax to the state.
By this purchase and by the lease of
the Harrisburg and Lancaster railroad
the Pennsylvania railroad became own
ers of the entire through line between
Philadelphia and Pittsburg.
The subsequent history of the road Is
the history of its gradual extention
both East and West as a trunk line
and Its constant advance In improving
and bettering Its road bed and rolling
stockAs for Its growth some dates may
be of service. The Pittsburgh, Fort
Wayne and Chicago railroad was open
ed for business In 1858, and was lensea
to the Pennsylvania In 1869. The Phil
adelphia and Erie railroad had been
leased In 1862; the Pittsburg and Steu
ben vllle, or Pan. Handle, was bought in
1867; control of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati
ana at. tiouis was next obtained, and
the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana
Central was leased by the Pittsburg,
Cincinnati and St. Louis in 1869. The
Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley was
bought in 1869. and a joint control over
the St. Louis, Vandalla and Tetre Haute
and Indianapolis railroad, was secured
by the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St.
Louis. Both these roads, however, are
now controlled by the Pennsylvania
railroad.
Subsequent leases and purchases in
1871 gave the Pennsylvania control of
the bridge over the Ohio at Cincinnati
and in the same year the United rail
roads of New Jersey were leased and In
that year was Incorporated the Penn
sylvania company, which now operates
all the Interests of the Pennsylvania
railroad west of Pittsburg, with one ex
ception. STATISTICS THAT TALK.
Other lines west of Pittsburg are the
Pittsburg, Youngstown and Ashtabula,
the Toledo, Walhondlng Valley and
Ohio, which has only recently been
built; the Little Miami, and the Ceve
land and Pittsburgh. Michigan Is
tanned hv tha rsmtiH nani,i. a t
. - - - ,i, a uiiu In
diana railroad and two smaller lines ana
iiimuKn ininois runs tne Toledo, Peoria
and Western to the Mississippi.
Striking out toward the South the
Pennsylvania railroad first acquired a
route to Baltimore by the Northern
Central and Baltimore and Potomac
railroads, and later by the purchase of
a controlling Interest In the Philadel
phia, Wilmington and Baltimore rail
road. About 1873 was completed the
s'' minimi mrougn uauimore.
Today the connections of the Penn
sylvania take the traveler without
change to Atlanta, along the northern
end of the cotton-growing states, and
t0 theJJry end of Florida, along the
coast. The mere list of railroads owned,
leased or r perated by the Pennsylvania
la striking, although It be but a list; a
still better Idea, however, can be gained
of the accretions In fifty years' time
from the comparison of figures, In
the nine years from 1846 to December
31, 1853, the Pennsylvania had con
structed 248 miles of road the old
Pennsylvania Central. In 1857 by pur
chasing the old public works It acquired
118 in I lee more of railway and 283 miles
of canals. On December 81, 1895, the
total mileage on January 1, 1896, by
states, was as follows: New York,
106.11; New Jersey, 746.83; Pennsyl
vania, 3,253.48; Delaware, 238.28; Mary
land, S94.96; District of Columbia, 8.15:
Virginia, 44.50; West Virginia, 77.06;
Ohio, 1,483.38; Indiana, 1,409.60; Illinois,
645.S4; Michigan, 471.11; Kentucky. 2.91,
the total being as given above. All of
which is a sufficient testimony to the
organisation of the' railroad under Its
three presidents, J. Edgar Thomson,
-Thomas A. Scott and George B. Rob
irta .
When next you pass through Harris
burg on one of the Pennsylvania's ex
press trains, take a brief retrospect over
the past one hundred years. At the be
ginning of the century the ferry was
crowded by carriers with their pack
horses, going westward laden with salt.
Iron and merchandise. These pack
horses traveled in divisions of twelve
or fifteen, going single file, each horse
carrying about two hundred weight;
one man proceeded and one brought up
the rear of the file. Later on the car
riers in their bitter indignation, were
supplanted by the Conestoga wagons,
with their proud six horse teams, with
huge belled collars, the wagen stored
with groceries, linens, calico, rum, mo
lasses, and hams, four or five tons of
load; by law none of these wagons had
less than four-Inch tires on their wheels.
"In those early days," says Dr. Egle,
In his History of Dauphin county,
"turnpikes were not he miserable apol
ogies for which grand jury after grand
Jury report as nuisances, and all In
vain, but there were well graded,
rounded from the centre to gutters on
each side, with all the necessary cros
sings for water, and most thoroughly
macadamized. All along the great
highways at distances of ten and twelve
miles from public houses large two
Btory frame buildings and here the
teamsters would stop to feed and water
their horses. They carried a long feed
box with them. This was placed longth
wl?e of the tonnie, and the horses
placed on either side. Later etlil came
the Pennsylvania canal; and In 18S the
Harrisburg and Lancaster railroad was
completed as far us Mlddletown. A
small open four-wheeled car was built
nnd in September of that year a locomo
tive was brought from the state road
through th? canal to Mlddletown. and
thereafter the good folk of Harrisburg
went on excursions every Sunday In
that one small o:en car drawn bv the
small black English locomotive, called
the John Bull, though not the original
John Bull locomotive which went Into
use In New Jersey In 1831 and was ex
hibited In Chicago In 1893. The trip to
Mlddletown occupied about two hours.
Nowadays the shortest schedule time Is
16 minutes; the longest about 23." ,
The first stage In the Alleghetiles dat
ed from 1S08. The stage "Experiment"
began running to Alexandria that year,
the route being afterward extended to
Pittsburg, and connecting at Harris
burg with the stage from Philadelphia.
The fare was six cents a mile, and pas
sengers were allowed fourteen pounds
of baggage; the malls were carried
three times a week. In 18.72 the stages
were running faster thnn the railroads
and canals did later on, for the mnll
reached Pittsburg on the evening of the
third day from Philadelphia.
ANOTHER RETROSPECT.
The traveler mny well look bock, too,
to the record of travel on the Susque
hanna, beginning with the primitive
dugouts of colonial dnys, and ascend
ing through the llatboats to the keel
boats, which rnn down the river to
Mlddletown carrying produce, and were
laboriously poled up the stream again
nt the rate of a tulle or two an hour,
lightly laden with groceries. A sup
posed Improvement on these was a boat
whose pole3 were put In motion by
horsc-pnwer, but these were aband
oned after being given a trial.
Very unfortunate was the history of
the steamboat traltlc on the Susquehan
na., however. Three steamboats had
been built In 1825. The Codorous, the first
to navigate the river, was laid aside on
the repoi't of her commander that navi
gation of the Susquehanna by steam
was Impracticable; the second, the Sus
quehanna, burst her boiler In 1823, kill
ing and wounding several persons, and
the "Pioneer," the third boat, was also
abandoned after an adverse report from
her officers. Another "Susquehanna"
was abandoned In 1S33. after breaking
her shaft, the "Wyoming" In 1851 and
the "Enterprise" In the same year. In
this connection may be noted the at
tempt to establish a shipyard at
Wllkes-Barre, which ended In disaster
with the wrecking of the "Luzerne" on
her way to tide-water In 1812.
Great were the rejoicings over the
early canals along tho Susquehanna;
there were laying of corner stones,
breaking of ground by gnliy decorated
plows, beer nnd cider drinking and fisti
cuffs. When the canal system was complete
trade sprung up at once and the wagon
ers began to sing:
May the devil catch the fellow who first
Invented tho plan
To mpke a railroad or cnnnl,
For they ruin our plantation wherever
iWiey do cross,
And th?y spoil our markets that we can't
atli a hong.
Chorus Can't sell a boss, i
Where now were their majestic
wagons, with the red wheels and the
blue bodies, and the horses with chim
ing bells? The mnrch of time was hur
rying on and the hand of fate was upon
them. But they live In memory.
MY COMFORTER.
Tho world had all pone wrong that day,
And tired In despair.
Discouraged with the ways of life,
I sank Into my chair.
A soft caress fell on my cheek.
My hands were thrust apart,
And two big sympathizing eyes
Gazed down into my heart.
I hail a friend, what eared I now v
For fifty worlds 1 I knew
One heart wns anxious when I grieved
My dog's heart, loyal, true.
"God hies him." breathed I soft and low,
And hugged 'him close and tight.
One lingering lick upon my ear
And we were happy quite. Life.
flalf Dozen
JOHN WAN A MAKER,
of Philadelphia.
WILLIAM K.MOORJ&
of Tennessee.
WANTS TO BE PRESIDENT
Short Sketch of the Career of Robert
Emory l'attison.
IS THE YOUNGEST CANDIDATE
Something of the Fatalist About This
One-time Favorite of Destiny Lead
Many .Democrats to Think His
Boom Promising.
Philadelphia Letter, New York Herald.
Probably the youngest man whose
name will be presented to the Demo
cratlo National convention as a candi
date for the presidential nomination is
Robert Emory Pattl30n. twice elected
governor of a great state, whose Re
publican majorities In the last twenty
tlve yenrs have ranged from 40,000 to six
times that figure.
As a "man of destiny" there are re
semblances in the career of Pnttison to
that cf Urover Cleveland. Called from
the-practice of law at the threshold of
his professional career to an Important
public oflice iu thi3 city, Pattlson gave
such positive, practical and ofttimes
stralling evidences of unswerving
EX-GOVERNOR PATTISON.
fealty to the people as against any In
dividual or the joint scheme of public
plunder that came to his notice that It
became a certainty that he would be re
tained In the oflice If he would accept
another term. This he did. The posi
tion was that of City comptroller, and
he might easily have enriched himself
If he had permitted rogues to do the
same.
GOVERNOR AT THIRTY-ONE.
During his second term as city comp
troller, though only thirty-one years of
age, he was chosen governor over Gen
eral James A. Beaver. He gave the
state a clean administration. Though
the legislature was controlled by Ms
political opponents he sets his face
against extravagant appropriations and
held the great corporations to a strict
obedience to the laws. In Pennsylvania
the governor Is not permitted to Im
mediately succed himself, but four years
after his retirement he was. In 1890,
again chosen Chief Executive of the
Keystono state on the platform of a re
form by a majority of 16,654, although
the Republican candidates for Lleuten
ane Governor and Secretary of Internal
affairs were elected by majorities of
upward Of 20,000.
After his first term as Governor Mr.
Pattlson resumed the practice of law
In Philadelphia. Three months later he
was elected president of the Chestnut
Stret National Bank. Previously he had
declined tho auditorship of the Treasury
tendered him by President Cleveland,
but afterward accepted an' apjiolntment
as Pacific Railroad commlMsloner. His
report on tho relations of that corpora
tion to the government is one of the
most valuable papers In the financial
history of the land aided roads. That
sterling old Democrat, cx-Chlef Justice
Jeremiah S. Black, once said of Pattl
son: "That young man is dreaming of
the presidency, and he is- taking good
care never to do anything that wlil be
quoted against him In federal politics."
When Pattlson retired from the highest
ollice In the state the leading Republi
can organ of this city took occasion to
sayt "The people admire a man of
brains and they are quick to recognize
an honest ofiiclal. Governor Pattlson
fills the measure of these qualifications.
He will be heard from In the future."
The publications may soon be verified.
THE MANTLE OF RANDALL.
Robert E. Pattlson succeeded the la
mented Samuel J. Randall as the idol
of the Pennsylvania Democracy. The
State convention which will be held In
Allentown, April 211, In likely to unan
imously declare Mr. Pattlson Pennsyl
vania's choice for the Presidential nom
ination. The Paulson boom la In very
cnpable hands. William F. Harrlty,
chairman of the Democratic National
committee. Is In close communication
with tho respective leaders, and Is kept
well advised as to the situation In each
county. That Governor Pattlson Is
popular throughout the state, and that
the organization In his behalf Is success
ful In its efforts Is evidenced by the
fact that county after county is adopt
ing resolutions indorsing him for the
presidency.
In addition to being popular and
Uice Presidential Possibilities.
f-lf iff aJ)
CARRETT A. HOBAftT,
of New Jersey.
CEOROE LLOYD. LOWNDES,
of Maryland.
From th Chics jo Tlmee -
strong at home. Mr. Pattlson Is said to
have assurances of support from New
Jersey, especially I rem the lower por
tion of that state, and from Delaware
and Maryland, In the latter of which
states he was born. Besides, there are
many Indications that delegates from
some of the Western states, notably
California, will support his candidacy,
It Is understood, too, that some of the in
fluential Democrats of North Carolina
are kindly disposed toward him.
But what is more to the point, the
suggestion has been made In Influential
quarters connected with the Democratic
national administration that Governor
Pattlson, after all, may prove to be the
strongest Democrat to nominate. In that
he would be likely to have less pro
nounced antagonism than any other of
the leading candidates mentioned. It
Is fully conceded that the fact that he
lives in a strong icepumican state ougnt
not and wilt not count against him In
a year like this. Stale lines have been
obliterated, and there can be no part leu
lar claim In favor of a selection of t
candidate from this or that state, as
has frequently been the case In the post.
when candidates were taken from what
were known as the close and doubtful
states. Some of the Democratic leaders
here will not be surprised If former Gov
ernor Pattlson will yet prove to be the
candidate who Is regarded by President
Cleveland's administration as the
strongest and most available that can
be selected. Mr. Paulson's friends are
certainly very hopeful of his nomln
atlon at Chicago,
Mr. Harrlty himself Is at present con
fining his efforts to the selection of a
delegation from Pennsylvania that will
be effective In Its support of formerGov-
ernor Pattlson, but It In believed that
after the Democratic State convention
has been held In Pennsylvania the na
tlonal chairman will use his influence
to further strengthen Mr. Paulson's
candidacy.
HIS DAILY LIFE.
Mr. Pattlson Is a strikingly handsome
man. He Is 6 feet zVa inches In height.
straight as an arrow, and weighs 200
pounds. His features are regular and
his bright, expressive eyes light up his
Intellectual face as he recognles and sa
lutes a friend. In his habits he Is very
domestic. He occupies a comfortable,
unpretentious stone residence in the su
burb of Overbrook, on the main line of
the Pennsylvania railroad, within a
stone's throw of the Montgomery coun
ty line. Each morning of the week he
leaves his home at half past eight
o'clock, and by nine, Is seated at his
desk in the oflloe of the banking and in
surance company of which he Is presi
dent. When he has finished his day's
labors here late in the afternoon he
walks up Chestnut street tohls law office
meets his partner and attends to such
matters in his profession as require his
personal attention. At Ave o'clock he
takes a train at the Broad street sta
tlon for jOverbrook, and twenty minutes
later, if the weather is favorable, en
joy's an hour's horseback ride through
the surrounding country. Then he
dthes and almcst Invariably spends the
evening at home with his family. And
an Interesting group it forms.
Married In the year of his admission
to the- bar to Miss Anna B. Smith,
daughter of a highly esteemed Phlladel
p hi an, he securod a devoted wife and an
accomplished companion. Their child
ren are Lavlnla Russell Pattlson a tall.
handsome, dark complcxioned young
woman, who favors her distinguished
father In sonv respects, and Robert
Emory ' Pattlson Jr., a bright lad of
eight, who 1st he prideo f tho house
hold. When little Robert has retired
for the night the Governor seeks an
easy chair In his well equipped library
and passes an hour or more among his
books. Historical tomes and volumes of
political biography are among his fa
vorltes.
In religion Mr. Pattlson Is a devoted
adherent of the faith of- his father, the
late Rev. Robert Henry l'attison, one
of the most widely known ministers of
the Methodist Episcopal church. While
the elder Pattlson was stationed at
Quantlco. Md., on December 8, 1850,
Robert was born. The Hew Mr. Pattl
son was pastor of tho congregation
which now worships In the church of the
Covenant, Eighteenth street, below
Spruce,( when he died. In 1875, and his
son has since been a memher and regu
lar attendant at this church. A fea.turo
of the Sunday school Is the BIblo Union
In which the former Governor teaches
every Sunday afternoon the Interna
tional leson to nearly four hundred men
and women. He wns a lay delegate to
the General conference of the Methodist
Episcopal church, South, and In 1891 a
delegate to the Ecumenical Council, held
In Washington, D. C Dickinson College,
his father's alma mater, In 1884 con
ferred on him tho degre of Doctor of
Laws.
Many of his admirers were disap
pointed that the Pennsylvania delega
tion did not present his name to the Chi
cago Convention In 181)2. The New York
delegates there expressed a willingness
to support .him or any other available
man to defeat Cleveland. Other states
offered their uid, but Mr. Harrlty, who
controlled the delegation, would not lis
ten to the overtures. Governor Pattl
son would not have accepted the nomin
ation at that time. He had met Grover
Cleveland at tho funeral of Representa
tive William L. Scott, In Erie a few
months before, told him the best Inter
ests of tho country demanded the re
election of the former president," and
without any solicitation promised to
use his Influence with the Pennsylvania
delegation to secure the nomination for
his friond. And Pattlson kept his word.
Cleveland was nominated and elected.
SENATOR GEORGE C. PERKINS,
of California.
QEOnOE BRADLEY,
of Kentucky.
Hersl.i. By tha Courtesy of H. U. Kohlsatt.
JERUSALEM AS IT ROW IS
Interesting Description of the Holy
City by fierre Loti.
THE CITY IS STILL SARACEN
Batth Air U Filled Nevertheless with a
Sentiment of Kellfious Ravorsaes
Which Effects I'nbolUvtrs as
Well as Kcllavsrs.
From the Figaro.
On foot, and accompanied by an
Arab for my guide, I left my hotel to
go at last to the Holy Sepulchre. It Is
almost In the heart of Jerusalem. I
passed through little, narrow, and tor
tuous streets, between walls of houses
old as the Crusaders, without windows
and without roofs. On the damp pave
ments and under a sky still obscure
appeared the costumes of the East,
worn by Turks, Bedouins, and Jews.
The women looked like phantoms with
their long veils.
The town still remains Saracen. On
the way I noticed that we were pass
ing through an Oriental baxaar, where
the stands were occupied by venders
wearing turbans; and in the shadow of
the covered little streets there moved
along slowly a file of enormous camels,
which compelled us to take shelter In
the doorways. A little further on we
were again obliged to stand aside to
make room for a long and strange pro
cession of Russian women, all about
60 years old at least. They walked
rapidly, leaning upon sticks or um
brellas, and wearing faded dresses and
fur cloaks. Their faces, with an ex
pression of fatigue and suffering, were
framed, as It were, by black handker
chiefs, presenting a dark and gloomy
picture In the midst of the high colors
of the Orient. They moved along with
an excited and at the same time an ex
hausted air, Jostling everything and
everybody without noHelng anything,
like somnambulists, with fixed eyes, as
if In a celestial dream: and old moujlks
by hundreds succeeded them, with the
same expression of ecstacy on their
faces. Upon their breasts were many
medals, indicating that they were old
soldiers. They had entered the Holy
City the day before, and were coming
back from their first visit to their place
of adoration, where I was going. Poor
pilgrims! they come here by thousands,
traveling on foot, sleeping out doors
under the rain or snow, suffering from
hunger, and leaving many of their dead
upon the roads.
' THE BASILICA.
Aa they approach, the Eastern objects
upon the stand disappear to give place
to objects of obscure Christian piety
beads by the thousand, crosses, relig
ious lamps, images, and Icons. And
here the crowd becomes greater. The
pilgrims stop to purchase the little
beads made of wood, and little two-cent
crucifixes, which they carry away as
relics to be held sacred forever.
At last, in an old wall, rough as a
rock, there appears a shapeless open
ing, narrow and low, and by a series of
descending steps we come out upon a
place overhung by high, sombre walls
In front of the BnslUca of tho Holy Se
pulchre. Here it is customary to un
cover, as soon as the Holy Sepulchre
comes into view. People pass there
bareheaded, even when simply cross
ing It to continue the route through
Jerusalem. It Is crowded with poor
men and women, praying pilgrims, and
venders of crosses and chasilets who
Bpread out their wares upon tho vener
able and worn flags. Among tho pave
ments and among the steps appear here
and there the socles, still embedded, of
columns which formerly supported bas
ilicas that were raited long ago at peri
ods hard, If not Impossible to fix. All
Is a heap of ruins in this city which has
Undergone twenty sieges, which every
fanaticism has sacked. The high walla,
whose atones of a reddish brown form
the sides of the place, are convents or
chapels. One might fancy that they
were fortresses. In tho background,
higher and more sombre than nil, stands
the broken and worn mass which forms
the facade of the Holy Sepulchre, and
has all the appearances of Irregularities
of a great rock. It has two enormous
porticos of the twelfth century, bor
dered by ornaments strange and ar
chaic. One Is walled up, and the other,
wide open, leaves In view In the ob
scurity of tho Interior thousands of
little flames. Chants, cries, and dis
cordant lamentations, lugubrious to the
ear, escape from this opening, mingled
with the odor of Incense.
On entering wo find ourselves In a
sort of vestibule-, revealing the magnifi
cent depths where innumerable lamps
are burning. Turkish guards armed
as If for massacre, occupy the entrance.
Seated like soverelrns on a large divan,
they look with feorn upon the parsing
adorers of thU place, whieh, from th"ir
point of view. Is tho disgrace of Mo
hammedan Jerusnlem, and which the
ferocious among t'lein never hesitate to
call el Komamah (fiUh).
IN A LABYRINTH.
Oh, that unexpected and never-to-be-forgotten
Impression, which one re
ceives on entering there for the first
time! Here Is a labyrinth of dark
sanctuaries of all periods and of all as
lectp, communicating by bays and por
ticos, Buperb colonnades, little doors,
and openings like the entrances to cav
erns. Some are elevated like high trib
unes, where wo notice in obscure cor-,
ners groups of women wearing long
veils; others, underground, where we
brush against spectres along the sides
of the black and damn rocks; nnd all
this In a sort of half night, exeent here
and there great rays of light, which In
tensify the neighboring obscurity, tho
whole Infinitely starred by the little
flames of golden and silver lamps which
descend In thousands from the vault.
And everywhere we find crowds mov
ing alonrr, or standing grouped accord
ing to their nationalities around the
tabernacle.
Psalmodies, l.amentntlons, and joyous
rhants fill tho hlnh vaults and vibrate
In tho sepulchral sonorities below the
nasal melnpoela of the Greek, broken
by the shouts of the Kcpts and In all
these voices there Is an Intermingling
of grief nnd prayers, blending tho dis
cords In a mnnnerlndercrlbaMy strange
and sounding like the great wall of hu
manity, the last cry of Its distress in
the presence of death.
The rotunda with a high cupola. Into
which we first enter and from which
we can Imagine the obscure chaos of the
other sanctuaries. Is occupied In the
centre by a grand kiosk of mnrble of
semi-barbarous beauty and loaded with
silver lamns. It encloses the stone of
the sepulchre. AH around this holy
kiosk the crowd gathers or remains
stationary. On one side there are hun
dreds of moujlks and matouchkns
kneeling upon the flags. On the other
are the women of Jerusalem standing
upright and wearing lonif veils. One
would take them to bo antique virgins
In this dreamy penumbra. Further
on we find Abyselnlans and Arabs pros
trated, wltn their roreheaiis on th?
flags; TnrkB with drawn sabres, and
people cf all communions and of all
languages.
MEETING OF ALL FAITHS.
One does not remain long In this al
most suffocating portion of the Holy
Sepulchre, which Is the very heart of
this mass of haMUcas and chapels.
Processions pass on In single file, each
Individual bowing his head. The en
trance Is through a little marble door
carved and ornamented. The sepul
chre Is within, encased In marble, upon
which there are Innumerable Icons and
lamps of gold. At the Biimo time with
mo there passed a Russian soldier and
a poor old woman In lags ami an Ori
ental woman dressed In garments of
brocade. All kissed tho covering of the
tomb and wept. Others followed thoin;
Indeed, there Is an eternal procession
of pilgrims, touchlnr and moistening
with their tears those very same stones.
There is no fixed plan in this cluster
of churches and chapels around th
holy kiosk. Some are large and mar
vellously sumptusus; others little,
bumble, snd primitive, crumbling with
old age. In obscure corners cut into the
rock. And here and there the rock of
Calvary appears In the midst of rich
and erehale ornaments. The coutrast
is strange between so many heapt d-up
treasures Icons of gold, crosses of gold,
and lamps of gold and the rags of the
pilgrims, the dilapidation of the walls
and pillars, worn, deformed, and greasy
from the constant contact with so much
human flesh. -
The altars of all the different faiths
are so thoroughly mixed here that
priests and processions go astray. They
force their way through the crowd, car
rying censers, and preceded by soldiers
In arms, who strike the sonorous -flags
with the ends of their halbreds. "Room
there!" Here come the Latins, that
pass like a goldon chasuble. "One
side!" Leading his flock, here comes
the Bishop of the Syrians with a long
white beard. Then come the Greeks,
still wearing Byzantine ornaments, or
Abysslnlans with their dark faces.
They march on In thelrsumptuous vest
ments, preceded by children carrying
censers, and the crowd makes way for
them. Accompanying this human tide
there Is a kind of continuous rumbling,
the incessant sound of psalmodies and
little bells. Almost everywhere it Is bo
dark that, in-order to get along, it is
necessary to carry a little candle; and
under the high columns and In the dark
galleries a thousand little flames movs
In streams and eddies, constantly go
ing and coming. Men pray aloud and
sob, passing from one chapel to another,
here to kiss the rock where the cross
was planted, there to kneel down where
Saints Mary and Magdalen wept.
Priests call you by signs, and lead yott
through little doors. Old women with
wild eyes and cheeks wet with tears
come up from th darkness, where th
had kissed the stone of th sepulchre.
CHAPEL OF ST. HELENA,
In profound obscurity we go down to
the chapel of Saint Helena through a
wide staircase of shout thirty steps,
worn, broken, and dangerous, looking
like a tumble-down ruin, and lined with
crouching spectres. Our candles, as we
go by, light up those vague creatures,
Immovable and of the color tit the aid
of the rock. They are maimed beggars,
demented creatures, devoured with ul
cers, all sinister looking, with their
hands under their chins, and their long
hair falling down about their faces.
Among thege frightened objects Is a
blind young man enveloped In his mag
nificent blond curls which cover him
like a cloak. Ha is marvellously hand
some, and might pose for Christ.
In the background tho chapel of St.
Helena appears in the pure rays of the
day, which como In pale bluish tints
through the openings of the vault It'
Is certainly one of the strangest pieces
of this wl ole place which Is called the
Holy Sepulchre. Here wo experlenae
In the most striking fashion the senU
ment of the terrible past. It was silent
when I came there and It was emnty
under tho gaiso of tho phantoms that
oocpuled the staircase of the entrance.
There was an Indistinct sound from ths
bells and the chants above. Behind the
altar snother staircase, occupied by the
same kind of personages with long hair,
reaches further down Into the dark
ness. Four pillars, short and strong, of
a primitive Byzantine style, heavy and
powerful, sustain tho cupola, from
which hang ottrlchs' eggs and a thou
sand pendants. Fragments of paint
ings on tho walls still Indicate saints
with golden nimbus, and In attitudes
stiff nnd naive, the defacing caused by
humidity and dust. Everything here Is
In a state of dilapidation. From the
depths below there comes a procession
of Abyssinian priests, looking like an
cient Magi coming from the bowels of
the earth. In the distance, near the
kiosk of tho Sepulchre, the rock of Cal
vary appears. It supports two chapels.
Into which one enters by Rbout twenty
stone steps, which for the crowd form
the chief places for prostration and
sobs.
From the peristyle of these chapels,
as from an elevated balcony, the view
commands a confused mass of taber
nacles, a laybrlnth of churches. The
most splendid of all Is that of the
Greeks. Upon a nimbus of silver,
which shines out In the background
like a rainbow, there appear In llfo size
the pale Images of tho three crucified
ones Christ and the two thieves. The
walls disappear under the Icons of sil
ver, gold, and precious stones. The
altar is erected at the precise plnce
where the cross win planted, and It Is
the altar rail a treillage of silver leaves
in view in the dark rocks the hole
where theo ross wns planted, and It Is
there that the pilgrims crawl on their
knees, moistening those sombre stones
with their tears and I heir kisses, while
a soothing sound of chants and prayers
Incessantly comes from the churches
below.
And here for now nearly 2,000 years
the. same scenes havo bei.n enacted In
this place, although under different
forms and In different bnslllcs, with in
terruptions of slejjei, battles, a'ul mr.s
tacr.E, only to be reproduced again
more passionately than ever. Here is
the same concert of prayer, the same
ensemble of sunplicationa and of tri
umphant acts of grace.
THE CRY OF UNBELIEF.
Certainly these adorations seem
Idolatrous for him who said, "God Is
spirit, and those who adore Him must
adore Him In spirit and in truth."
But they are human! How well they
respond to our Instincts and to our mis
cry! Surely the first Christians, In the
purely spiritual spring of their faith,
when the teaching of the Master was
still fresh In their souls, did not en
cumber themselves with the magnifi
cences of Bymbols and Images. Cer
tainly It was not earthly recollections
the place of a martyrdom or an empty
sepulchre that preoccupied them.
They did not seek their Redeemer there,
because they saw II Im forever freed
from transitory things and standing
above In serene light. But we, the peo
ple of the West and of the North, have
escaped more recently from nulve bar
barities than the antique societies from
which the first Christian sprung. In
the middle, nges, when the faith pene
trated our forests, It was obscured by
a thousand primitive religions; and It
Is the smallest number among us that
have been sufficiently enfranchised
from nccumulated traditions to be able
to embrace the evnngellcnl worship in
spirit and In truth. And, moreover,
when faith Is extinguished In our mod
ern souls It Is still toward this vener
ation of sacred spots nnd cherished
recollections that unbelievers like me
are brought by tho sad regret of the
lost saviour.
Oh, that Christ, for whom all these
crowds have come nnd for whom they
weep; that Christ for whom the poor
old woman near me kneels down, kisses
the pavement, nnd throws upon the
flags her broken heart, while shedding
tears of delicious hope; that Christ who
holds mo here also in the snme place,
Just as ITo holds her. In a vague medi
tation still most sweet oh. If He were
only one of our brothers In suffering,
vanished forever now In death! Let
His tretnory bo adored ell the same,
for Ills subllni' teachings of brotherly
lo'o, of hope, and of eternity! And let
this place also be blessed, this unlqim
nnd strino-e plnce which Is called the
Holy Sepulchre even contestable or
fictitious. If yotl will but where for
now nearly fifteen centuries there have
come countless grief-stricken multi
tudes, where hard hearts have melted
lll-e the snow, nnd where now my
eyea are becoming dim In one last out
burst of prayer Illogical, perhaps, but
Ineffable and Infinite!
Its Orlalll.
Oumne I wonder how the "money to
burn" phrase originated.
'awlter It Is n. re:le of the day when
tobacco wua tho circulating medium of
the American colonics, don't you tliluk?
Eschouuo.
A -t i
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