TmS SCHAJTIOT TRTBTOT5 W J21IJJJ15SDAT SrOTOTOCr. MARCH 11, 189G,
BOTH SIDESJF THE CUSE
The Side of Spain and Also the
Side of Cuba.
BOTH OFFICIALLY PRESENTED
Yhe Statement of Stnor Dopny da Lout,
' the Spaalsk MiaUter. and a Reply
from Saerctary Queaada, of
tbe Cubaa DeUfatloa.
In a recently Issued al&ned atatement,
Beaot Dupuy de Lome, the Spanish min
ister to this country, took the position
that the- American people bw been
aystematically misinformed with re
Bard to Spain's treatment of Cuba and
Cubans. After pleading for a fair hear
ing, he goes on to present Spain's case
as follows:
"I read with the deepest reret the state
ment miwlw In the senate by come of in
most lnltiirntlal senators of 'the ' I'niteit
StatM. When the Connresslonal Hei-ord
roachtcr m 1 knew thut the facts which
were stated by them were Incorrect; thut
their rood faith, of which I have no doubt,
tiad Wn JmpuHPd upon, and that It would
bo very euy tor me to prove, with a little
lime, ihut the senator have Itern inliMn-
Tortntd by peron interested In brliiK.l'iB
a niHunuerstandlnir between the two na
tions. 1 did not believe then thai my
work would be so ay and so short.
"deiiklur Shermuu, in thesittina of Feb.
IS, quoted frely, among- other Ultima,
from an article published In a New York
Hiornin? paper of Sunday, Keb. ZS. !
said. lvin in very turuug- 1uiiuuk liln
vplnion of the .present uotniiiunder-lii-Chlef
of tbt Sunlli army in .'uba. the
following: 'A book was published in
Kpunlsn, which 1 am Very surry I cannot
tit-t lioin tho llhiv. vrlttea ev a diiaii-
litrd by the nurtie of Knrhinf IJonderto.il
who came over from Spain with the Span- I
Ish troop to s.e the war of 1S72. and I
who was so horror stricken with the luxh
nothing of iUiiiilerhj nor his book, und that
Hew to Hie United States and there pub
llidied his manuscript. 'IVIIIiik Is this evi
dence, and il shows lleneral Wcyler, etc.,
etc.
"I have mude an Investigation abo.vt
thut book, and I have found thut the nume
Of the uuthor Is not Klliliiuo Uoliderlo, us
the paper printed It, but Kuriiiie Doiidn
II. Kor this reason, .probably, the sena
tor was unable to llnd the book in the
Congressional lbrur. Hud he found it,
tie Mould liuve neen that In the book,
which Is ii small piiniphlet of forty-three
pues, printed In New York city In the
pubhshiiiK house of A. 11. Jones, No. 'M
New street, In the year IkTU, not u single
lime Is the name of Uciierul Wcyler men
tioned, "1 have carefully rend, aml'huve rail
the pamphlet read by other persons, and
I tie In it ihut manv horrors are de
scribed attributed both to the Spaniards
und to the rehehi, but, in it, its 1 said be
for . mid tin I most emplmtlcully ufllim
now, the iiiimo ol' ticnerul Weyler Is not
mentioned one siiiKle time. 1 have tin)
bonk lit thn disposal of anybody who
would like to verily my statement,
DONDEUIS A DK9KRTEH.
"1 have been told that Enrique Donderls
Was a Spanish otlicer who foutfht In Spain
tiKSinst l he government, mid was sent to
Cuba. He foiiRht there on the Spanish
side, then deserted and afterward fotntht
In the rebel ranks, lint ulthmiRh this tact
has been stuted by a Cuban sympathizer
It cannot be vouched for by me, and it is
of no consenuence. A pnper prints a tele
It ram from lluvumi, stutlng, upon the au
thority of Mr. Mario, one of the lead
ers of the home rule purty, that he knows
nulling of Donderls nor his book, and that
h believes the name u nom de plume.
What is Important is, that the honorable
senator from Ohio said In teood fulth thut
all- the crimes hat he related were at
tributed by Spanish authority to General
Wcyler, and that his (rood fnith has been
Imposed upon, us has been the good fnith
of the New York paper.
"I have related those facts to the editor
of the puper, nnd he has kindly Informed
me that he will investigate the matter
with the utmost care. I urn sure he will
and hope he will muke public his Investi
gation. KnoiiKh bad has already come
from the article.
ilenef.il Weyler went to Cuba as a lieu
tenant colonel In and returned to
Spain as u brigadier general In 1S73. Par
ing a part of the campaign he hold the
lo.-ltioii-of rolonel of a iet;iment of vol
unteers, which was made up and pulil bv
the merchants of Huvnnu. lie defended
the town of HoIkuIii. being commander
general of that Jurisdiction; but he has
never held in Cuba any other position
than that of a subordinate offlcer up to
the time he took command a few woeus
bko.
"in my Investigation 1 have read many
pamphlets written by Cubans during the
war from 1SWI to 1878, with nil the natural
lilas when a contest Is standing, and have
failed to see the name of General Weyler
recorded as resnonsiiile for the lmiini-s
that now, when he is at the head of the
army ugalnst the rebels, are attributed to
him.
RKFEP.S TO SHERMAN'.
"Senator Sherman, In his speech, said:
eneral Cumpos, a gpntleinati, no doubt,
of the highest character kind, generous
vet one of the best soldiers that Spain
has furnished of late years.' These words
are Just and true, 'und nobody doub:s
or doilies them now. Hut compare that
Justice done to General Campos, when he
is not In the Held, with what was raid
against him in the papers of the Cnited
tttales, when he arrived In Cuba, and be
gan to conduct the military operations
compare these kind and Just words with
what has been said of his proclamations,
und of his acts, by the rebels, who swarm
lu the Vnlteil States.
"Senator .Morgan, In the sitting of IVb.
21, spoke the following words: 'It in
stated on high authority that, according
to oltlclnl reports forwarded from Madrid
by the lulled States minister, 13,iwo Cu
bans have been killed in buttle up to
August, 1S72. besides 43,500 pilsoners. whom
the Spanish minister admitted to have
been put to deuth.' From this statement
Senator Morgan derived manv conclii
(dons, ami said that his authority was the
American Cyclopedlu. A friend of mlna
addressed to Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.,
publishers of the cyclopedia. Inquiring as
to the authority of the book quoted by
Senator Morgan. Jn reply to his Imiuirv
Kosslter Johnson, associate editor of t he
Amerlcun Cyclopedia, said:
" 'The stuteinent to which Senator Mor
gun evidently refers Is to be found on paw
ftu of the fifth volume of the Am-rlcnn
Cycloiiedlu, and reads exactly as follows:
'According to otllclal reports forwarded
from Madrid by the Cnlted States minis
ter U.Stt) Cubans hae heen killed In b.it
tle up to August, 1K7:'. besides 43.500 pris
oners, whom the Spanish minister admit
ted 'to have been put to death.' "
"He said that the article was written
by Antonio Huchlllcr y Morales (who. 1
may say. was a Cuban and a decided and
partial enemy of Spain), and that he pre.
sumed it would be easy to get access to
these otllclal reports In the department of
suite ut Washington. I have accepted the
advice, ami the stale department has sent
mo the following: 'The minister of the
I lilted States to Spain on the dute of
Aug. Hi. 1x72. quotes from the Impurdul
described ns a Keml-otliclul Journul (,f
.Madrid, of which the colony minister was
the director until he entere, the present
cabinet, the following: 'From the he
ginning of hostilities in Cuba I.l.ttow insur
gents have been killed ill buttle und 43..VKI
taken pilsoners.' The minister adds: '.And
it Is believe! that all prisoners of war
taken are shot or gurroted.' " it thus
appears thut the I'nlted .States minister
Is not responsible for the assertion of the
sentence! last tpioted, but only staled it
us a matter of bell. f. while there seems
to be no uuthorliv r..r i.n..i,. .. ., .i
mission to that eerivt by uny'spanlsh mln-
Ister.
CUT THIS OUT, IT'S GOOD
The Best Ever Hade.
THE
Pants,
Overalls and Shirts.
FREEMAN MANUFAQTURINQ CO
craatoa. Pa.
w IW Price L
Spseiallf Kaaofaotort far riae Ratal!
"It Is plain that the American minister;
who was General Sickles, read the state
ment in a paper. The paper FJ Impar
tial) was owned by a cabinet minister, Se
nor Uasset y Arllme. General Sickles
said, in a general way, that it was be
lieved that the prisoners were all shot or
ftarroted. Of course that Is not true; that
s simply a belief, an opinion. And ha
says also that the Imparclal, which never
said that the .prisoners had been execut
ed, but that ao many prisoners had been
made, was owned by on of the members
of the cabinet.
DISTORTED. DE LOME 8AY8.
"From these farts an article In the
American Cyclopedia has been written
by a strong enemy of Spain; the sense
of thn dispatch of the American minister
has been distorted from the expression of
a belief Into an oftlcial report; from the
Ktatemsnt in a newspaper that the pris
oners were taken the conclusion Is drawn
that theV were executed, and because the
Imparclal was the property of a minis
ter of the cabinet the assertion Is ad
vanced that a cabinet officer admitted that
they had been put to death. That has
been said In the United States senute,
and Indorsed by a vote of that high body.
"Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, In a
speech made on Feb. 25, quoted from the
Liberal, of Mudrld, an interview sent by
catile from Cadiz. Spain, at the time Gen
eral Weyler embarked for Cuba. The
translation which has been given to the
senator from Massachusetts is a fraud.
My attention was called to It by a tele
gram from Mr. Taltavul. correspondent in
the United Stales of the Liberal, from
Madrid, and a former member of the Cor
tes. This distinguished gentleman wired
to me: 'General Weylur never said In any
Interview or conversation published In the
Liberal that he would exterminate the
filibusters. What he said was thut he
would vlsan out the western provinces of
Cuba of filibusters, and that be would ex
terminate the mull bands of bandits.'
"1 have now before me the text of thai
IntervUw. lint even taking It as granted
that General Weyler said what Is printed,
the words that' the person who has fur
nished documents to Sonator Lodge have
mad him say are not exact. . General
Weyler said: 'Al llegar a Cuba -me pror
pungo, en primer termtno, Ijntpiar de Hi-
J"'
"
uiiiero lus provincial ue la riauuni.
inar Uci itio, .tiatamtas y i,as wnu; cii
ndieiidose uiie me relln o Dor a bora a
lus Ki-uesas naiildas tiue las Invaden, les-
pues quedan lasiiequanas purdidus de bun
didos que exteriuiure puiilullnumeiite.' The
exact translation is: 'On my arrival In
Cuba I propose in the til's place to ci. un
out of filibusters the provinces of Hu
bana, .Mutangss. I'lnur del Klo and Lus
Vilas; bo It well understood that 1 refer
for the moment to the huge bands which
have invaded them. Then will remain the
inull tjunds of bandits, which 1 will ex
terminate gradually.'
"Nobody cun believe flint General Wey
lcr bv the word exterminate meant to put
to death; but even if that sense la applied
to his word, it is necessary to under
stand what those bunds of banults In Cuba
are anil have been. 1 would like to know
the opinion tiial the American planters,
respectful, law ubldlng citizens, who are
working for their own Interest, und for the
prosperty of t'ubu, have 111 thut respect;
what would be done in this country with
the people who have been kldnupplns and
blui kmuillng the honest toilers living out
In the country; what treatment they think
deserve people like Munuel Garcia, Mira
bel, Malagas, 1'eiico llelgado and others,
who were in the held before und who
would be afterward. To those apply the
words of General Weyler. The puper to
which I refer Is at the disposal of the
senator from Massachusetts und of any
body who wants to see It.
TREATY NOT VIOLATED.
"Senator Lodge al?o said that the
Treaty of ZanJou had been violuted. This
statement can only be made by persons
who have not read that treaty, and who
do not know the laws actually in force in
Cuba. The Treaty of Xanjon only said
that the same laws which were enforced
In Puerto Rico will be promulgated and
applied to Cuba. They were Immediately
promulgated, and since then many re
forms, In a liberal sense, which it will
take too long a time to detail, have been
accorded to both islands.
"Many conclusions have been derived
by the senators whom 1 have mentioned,
and by others, from a proclamation about
to be given to the people of Cuba by Gen
eral Weyler. The uuthorlty that the pro
clamation was going to be Issued Is only
a telegram of u press association.
"I remember Uint one of the greatest
Judges of the seventeenth century In
France said that If a line written by the
hand of a man was given to him he could
convict him and hang him, but I have
never seen that a man can be condemned
by the Intentions that a newspaper sup
poses he has.
"I cannot understand how every rule of
war are so crlnmal, so cruel and so tyran
nical when they are applied to Cuba. I
liave before my eyes a. summary of
charges of Inhumanity In connection wIMi
the war of the rebellion In the I'nited
States against both sides, taken from
American history. I am sure that many
of them are false, most of them exagger
ated, some necessary and others una
voidable. Rut, taking only as an illus
tration and - for the sake of argument
what I seo in that list. I cannot under
stand with those necessary evils of war
nave neen ante to use such harsh, unjust
and offensive language against Spain.
- "In an English paper of those days I
read the following opinion of the Ameri
can civil war: 'Stripped of lis trappings.
It s a mere quarrel for territory: the an
tagonists ere acting like D da wares ami
Pawnees. War to the knife, pushed to
absolute extermination, Is whut they have
resolved on, and the people breathe n
langtinge of mussanre and extermination.'
This charge was no more Justified than
Ihe charges which arc brought now
against Spain.
"I said nothing when that language was
used In the press, hut I believe it is mv
duty, although against the convention
alities of my position, to appeal, as 1 have
said, to the honest common sense of the
American people when those words lire
uttered, from the Capitol of the United
States. Nothing is done In Cubu that has
not been done and has not been deemed
necessary In other countries when ut war.
It would be possible and endy for me. If
I had the time to quote ninny facts not
different from those which now mouse
public sentiment against Spain. 1 will
only ask of persons wanting an impartial
and honest opinion to rend whut the com.
monder-ln-iiilef of the American armies,
of both sides, and What those of the ar
mies of France nnd Germany have deemed
necessary for the protection of their sol
diers ami the carrying out of the wars In
which they have been enguged."
CUBA'S REPLY.
To the above communication a reply
has been made by (lonzalo lie Qucsadu,
secretary of the Cuban delegation to
the United States. He says:
"Minister Dupuy de Lome, against all
propriety und precedent, hus turned from
his unsuccessful work in diplomatic dr.
cles to the new paper arena. The Cubans
are glad to see him discuss this burning
question of the revolution In Ihe public
press, which he has so often condemned,
but we will not ullow him to distort fuels,
as he has to his government, if the report
ed cable be true In which he said that the
president of this great country hud taken
him Into the confidence of the adminlstri
tion und declured that during Mr. Cleve
land's term of olllce the Cubans would not
be recognised us belligerents. .Mr. Dtiptiv
de Lome will llnd that we are prepared ;b
meet him here, none the less, as our gal
lant hi mis In Cuba meet the thousunds of
unfortunate, recruits who Heist to main
tain oppression and the power of Spain
III the Island which so liberally pays a
Spanish minister In Washington to Insult
unit misrepresent the land from which
comes his salary.
"The newspapers of this country need
no defenders. Iii every one of them the.
minister sees an enemy, because he do-.-s
not want the truth to de known. Why
have the correspondents been denied en
trance Into the ranks f the Cubans?
Why have they all hud to leave the islund?
Today un American reporter Michelson
ni I W II
name and address, also
buy them of. When this is done, mail this ticket to THE FREEHAN
HANUFACTURINQ CO., Scranton, Pa., and on receipt of it they will mail
you an order on said merchant good for Twenty Cents (20c), to be used
only in the purchase of a pair of the Celebrated Freeman Pant Overall,
No. 115, Price $1.00. .
Purchaser's Name
Address
Merchant's Nam
3 Address'..'.." ;.
tells of his experience in Xhe Alorro for
trying to expos the fruits of General Val
erian neyiers recent orutai proclama
tions 'a massacre of unarmed, peaceful
country people at the town of Guatao, a
dosen ndiea from Havana, bv Soanls'i
volunteers,' ami describes the tortures to
which Walter Grant Dygart, an Innocent
American, ia aubjected. Sylvester Bi-o-
velle. another reported, was thrown into
Jail aa aoon aa 'he arrived In Cubu, ana
yet Dupuy de Lome cynically says that
statesmen do not know the real situation
In Cuba.
HORRORS OP 1171 RECALLED.
"Rut let ua refute the minister's state
ments. Tho book of Donderls exists, ami
If the name of Wcyler does not tpe; ltically
occur It is because Valmaceda nnd olhr
superiors of his lake the credit for his
atrocities. Will Minister Dupuy de Inline
cieny that eight sludents were butchered
in Havana in November, li71? Will he
deny th" assassination committed by Bur
rlel In the Virglnius affair, where Ameri
cans and Cubans were murdered and after,
ward their private parts desecrated, as
was done with the brave Crittenden nnd
his fifty Kent uckliins, from whose skulls
Spanish beasts drunk Spanish wine'.' Is
the crime of the Mora family of the )th
of January, 1S71. forgotten by Spain, when
two of Culm's most beautiful women and
their children were violated. Insulted, and
burnt alive to conceal the horrible crime?
And did lint Hamilton Fish, the secretary
of state of tho United States, hlmseir take
cognizance of the barbarities committed
by Spain's officers, among which was
Weyler?
"Can Mr. Dupuy tie Lome deny this
crime of Weyler committed under his
command on tho farm or l.uvudo, in the
territory of Las Tonus? There are wit
nesses to this occurrence, und il Is mo
excuse for Weyler to sue mat be only
obeed ordeis. ur for De Lome to argtij
thut he was u subordinate. Two young
men, Eugenlo and Lorenzo Odoardo,
brothers, und relutives of Agutlera, ihe
vice-president of Hie Cuban republic, were
sick on their farm. They were cared for
by a lady who was accompanied by her
daughter eight years old. The troops of
Weyler Mir.priscvl th place, captured-the
men upd the woman und child, and took
llierq to he cultiV o! : Weyler. ,,Wfji.ejr or
dered the ioeirlo he kUieU Willi mo-' lieL-s
in the prej.-ncf1 of the lady, lie- forme J
the soldiers in u circle, placed lu the cen
ter tho pour woman and the child, tie
('polled the Woman of her clothes and,
nuked, forced her to dance by whipping
her before the .drunken und passiuiiuto
soldiery. All the efforts of lire vortuons
woman to cover herself with the child
were unavailing : Ihe troops laughed ati.l
Jeered: thn uiifoi lunate victim was given
up to the lusi of the troops; she died tlw
next day. We ler was the executioner
of the French family of lllgoieuii. for
which Spain hud to pay u large Indemnity.
DIARY OF IGNACIO MORA.
"Let Dupuy ile Lome read the diury of
'Iguacio Mora.' a copy of which Is In mv
possession, dated the 27th of May, 1872,
the very epoch In which Weyler was la
command of the Spanish forces in th.it
provinces. 'The d lulls,' nc declares,
'which the postllllra, J nun Lorres, gives
me of tiie operations of the enemy are
horrible. They a.isault the families; they
rub them. They killed Mercedes Henun-di-s:
uud the wife of Lieutenant Colonol
Hunches. They also assassinated the chil
dren of that unfortunate woman. They
committed other assassinations. On tho
let of June, lh72,' he Suva lu the .Mlglul,
'they killed Juunu Gregorla Torres, after
violating her, und her child, a few months
old. The tolal number of murders com
mitted In ('unto from the 8th to the 2Hth of
Muy was twenty-eight, of which thirteen
were women nnd eleven children. In Ks
tanclu. Grande they killed three women
und a child of 8 years.'
"Weyler branded the Cuban Women lu
the bosom, as if they were cattle. Ho
killed the prisoners in the Jails by suffo
cating them with charcoal. It was this
man of whom -Murines Campos said once
that f he came to Cuba the very deud
would rise against Spain.
"The French papers of a year ago tell
how he crushed anarchism In Barcelona,
lie arrested by wholesale Innocents and
suspects In the darkness of night. He tor
lured them most Inhumanely. If Minis
ter De Lome wants to know how, he cun
read the press of that lime. 1 dare not
repent, for decency's sake, the torments
1o which he submitted the prisoners. He
gave them salt codlish ns their only food
and tantalized them by offering them
water which he did not allow them to
touch, lie applied the Inquisition. Ho
killed 200 people, umong them women and
children.
"I have asked for the terrible exposure
or -ma acts ipnuimnen in n t'nrisian paper,
nnd when it comes 1 shall send a copy to
thp minister who defends the mull who is
today sending hundreds of men to Afri
ca and the iMn of Pines, und who is, lu
fact, clearing the prisons by killing the
cuptlvc-s. Of course Mr. De Lome would
like names of persons wbo have seen
these horrors. They dare not speak. They
know what happens to those who disobey
the decrees of the autocrut; hut the book
of blood will ere long be published, siml
lur to Ihe one which was published in ihe
lust war. a copy of which Minister De
Lome can obtain in New York, and l:i
which he will sue the thousands of de
fenseless Cubans executed by his govern
ment, by his nation, which lost Italy hv
ner crimes, the Low Countries by her
murders, nnd the entire American 'conti
nent us a punishment for her extermina
tion of the Indian, for her treachery nnd
Ingratitude to the native races. The data
used by Senator Morgan 'were from the
otllclul reports forwnrded from Madrid
oy tne t mien states minister,' were re
vised by John D. Chnmplin, und are in
controvertible, anc as to the translation
or senator iiige, in which the word 'ex
terminate' is used for 'dean out." there Is
no essentlul dlfTerence; It Is a mere quib
ble or the casuistic mind of Philip II.
PROPERTIES OF THE SLAIN.
"And us to the rondtict of the war
when, in the history of any civilized na
tion, has the property of the slain gone
to the General and o'llcers of the victori
ous army 7 General Jose Marti was killed
at Don Rios; Instead of his watch und
valuables being given to his widow and
only child, the watch was given to the
minister of war in Spain, the ring was
kept by an officer of the noble Spanish
army, who took It from the fleul hero's
linger, and the resr of his things were
distributed nmong the mother country.
"Of the hoirors committed in this revo
lution by the Spanish commander, the
American press have daily reports; It is
indeed worthy of note that the Cubans
have not been tho authors of'those re
ports, and It would be loo much for Min
ister tie Lome to declare that either th-3
great Ameiicuns press has sold Itself to
the Cubans, or that all the American
newspaper men send exagaeraijd re
porls to cater to the American taste.'
"I will very soon publish us many of
General Weyler' a Innumerable crime! us
possible.- I am now getting such accurate
facts together us will identify Weyler us
the author of similar If nut the name
crimes exposed by Donderls In his book,
und by citing year and place prove to Ihe
world that Tout quemnmla. Alva, Morillo.
nnd Hores, Spanish tingels, renowned in
history for their humane methods, are
all incarnate In the Captain General of
Cuba, Viileriaiio Weyler, 'the Lutcher.' "
AMERICANS l)YIX(i Toi F FROM
IIF.AKT TROUBLE.
The Itist Heart nnd llrnln of the Country
tho Victims.
Thoughtful people everywhere are ask
ing themselves the question, what
is coming over the race. witn
the ularuiiiigly 'growing preval. ii -e
of heart disease? The Immediate
mutter Is to know the remedy. This
Is, without uny doubt, found more surely
In thut great discovery of Ihe present cen
tury. Dr. Agnvw's Cure for the Heart,
than anywhere else. On;; dose of it will
give relief In tievere cases, nod one or two
bottles will remove Ihe disease. I.ei any
one who has I ho pllghtes-t fliitteriiigs or
I ho heart, the barest symptoms of the
disease, guard themselves uguinst possi
ble ralullty by using lids medicine. Sold
by Ma-uht-ws Hros.
FOR TWENTY
Cut rlmvn nn tho iflauv hlgLr lino fill In
the merchant's name and
THE TOURIST PARADISE
Strange and Picturesque Spanish
Scenes and Customs.
WHERE SAMENESS IS MISSING
The Happy. Indolent, Life of the Early
Settlers of Southern California
Portrayed in Charming I'aati-ton-An
Event of Interest.
Special Correspondence of The Tribune.
Los Angeles, Feb. 7. One of the com
plaints made by the tourists In the
I'nited ytats Is that there Is so much
sameness from one end of the country
to the other and so little of historical
interest to be found. Everything, they
say. Is new nnd monotonous. This is
undoubtedly one of the main vcasons
why po many Americans travel across
the Atlantic every year, to seek relaxa
tion uud change among tho, historic
aiHits of Kurope.
There Is at least one section nt tho
I'nited Stateu to which this criticism
does not apply. There Is no part of
the J'nitrd sStutes, not excepting New
Ungluml, whose history, during tho
past ;; years, hus been so varied and
Interesting ua that of California, espe
cially Southern Cullfoiiiiu. for It was in
tliis section that caily activity was
most Mtrungiy manifested. Kulchlo
acopb: changes have taken place, un
paralleled lu the rest of the country.
Since Its discovery, California hus been
under four Hags under Fpunlsh ruloj
UiiuVr .Mexican rule, under a pwvhion.
al American government,- anil hnn Ih
Ouine u -statf In 'the Union. lf- lias had
a mbwiimaiy Vra. iluiihg which' hide
and tullow were Ihe chief products, und
u mining era: und now It lias u horti
cultural era, which ha-i come to stay,
FIKST BRTTI.HMKNT.
Although the California coast had
been explored by Spanish navigators
us fur north as latitude 4(i lcf. during
the sixteenth century, no attempt was
made ti occupy this flection until
17611, lu which year Don (laspor do'
I'ortola. having left Futher Jttnlpcro
Scrra nt San Diego to found a mission,
pushed northwest to re-dlscover the
bay of Monterey. Willi soldiers,
piit-HtH and set vunts, there were sixty
four persons In the pnrly. On reach
lug what Is now known as the Los
Angeleu river, in the southern part
of the present site of the city of Lus
Angeles, they gave tho river the name
of Poi'ciuucula, ufter the famous Fran
ciscan convent of Italy. Following
the river up,-they camped on Aug. 2
about where Sonorntown is now, and
celebrated tho feast of Neustra Senora,
la Keyna tie Los Angeles Our Lntly,
the Queen of the Angels. From this
fact the town founded on the same
spot eleven years later look lis name.
This may therefore be said to have
been the first celebration of the Fiesta
de Los Angeles, now an annual event,
attracting thousands of visitors from
all over -the .continent. The first cele
bration was, however, a purely reli
gious tttTair. far different In that re
spect from the modern fiesta.
It won a custom of Spanish explor
ers to name their camping pluces, or
Bpeclal ffcograpliicul features they dis
covered, after the name of ihe- saint
In the church calendar of the day they
were there. In this manner It Is near
ly possible, with a chart and a church
calendar, to trace the exact course of
the explorers up the count.
FIRST WHITE MEN.
Portola and his party were the first
white men upon the ground where la
now the city of Los Angeles, but thoy
found nt this place a village -of tho
Cahullla Indians. The party only re
mained a day ut this point, and it
was not until Sept. 4, 17HI, thut the
city of Los Angeles was founded, as a
Spanish colony, by order of Governor
de Neve. Kleven families Spaniards,
Indians, mulattocs and a negro coin
posed the early population of Loa An
seles a very mixed crowd. Not one
of them could read or write, and only
one of them had a trade. They were
very poor, otherwise they would not
have come nil the way from Mexico
to work for $10 a month. The colonists
first built mud-roofed dwellings around
the old plaza, which Is still the geo
graphical center of the city, although
the center of business has moved near
ly half a mile away In a southwest
erly direction. An Irrigation ditch was
taken out from the river, nnd the low
lands were cultivated. The colonists
prospered from the start. Their crops
were large and their cattle multiplied.
The government had furnished each
family with oxen, horses, cows, tools,
etc., payment for which was deducted
from their wages.
It was an ensy-gnlng, dolce far niente
port of life that was led by the few
white Inhabitants of Southern Cali
fornia during the mission era. In tho
earlier years of that era the settle
ments were confined to the missions, a
chain of which hud been built un by
Hie persevering piety of the falhvrs.
from San Diego on the south to the
northern part of the state.
RAPIDLY DKVRLOPED.
In less than sixty years from tho
founding of the mission of San Gabriel,
which occurred In 1771, the herds of
neat rattle, bands of horses, and Hocks
of sheep and goats of the three mis
sions of this county, covered the major
part of the land In Los Angeles county,
and part of the Snn liernardlno moun
tain ranse.
In those days the ranch life was not
confined to the country. It prevailed
in the towns, too. There was not a
hotel In San Francisco or Monterey, or
anywhere in California, till 1818. when
the Americans took the country. .Tho
priests ut the missions were glad to
entertain strangers without charge
They would give you a room in which
to sleep, und perhaps a bedstead, with
a hide stretched across It, ami over
thut you would spread your blankets.
At tills time there wan not in Cali
fornia liny vehicle except u rude Cali
fornia cart. The w her la were with
out tires, and were made by telling an
oak tree und licwine It down till It
made a solid wheel, u-rniiy u foot thick
on the litii. and u little larger where
the uxlo went through.
Tho hotiHPS of the Spanish people
were luiilt of adobe, and were roofed
,vith led tiles. They were Very com
fortable, tool in summer and warm in
winter. The clay used to make the
bricks wcro dark brown, not white nor
yellow, as In Mexico. Cut straw was
mixed with Hie clay, and trod. I en to
gether by the Indians, vtuui the
bricks were luid, they were set in clay
as In nun tar, and sometimes small peb
CENTS (20c.)
address you desire to
J I
-.r
33ES33
bles from the brooks were mixed with
the mortar to make bauda across the
house. All the timber of the doors.
the rafters and cross-beams, the door
ways., and the window lintels were
"built In" as the house was carried
up. After the house was roofed it
was usually plastered inside and out.
to protect it against -the weather and
make it more comfortable. A great
deal of trouble was often taken to ob
tain stone for the doorsteps, and
curious rocks were sometimes brought
many miles for this purpose, or for
gateposts In front of the dw-elllnr.
In the old clays every one seemed
to live out-doors. There was much
gaiety and social life, even though
people were widely scattered. They
traveled as much as possible on horse
back. Only old people or Invalids
cared to use the slow cart or carreta.
Young men would rldo from one ranch
to unother for parties, and whoever
found his horse tired would let him go
and catch another. In his "Two Years
Before the Mast" Dana tella the story
or a messmate who, i-.avtng hired a
horse from a ruuehero, wus. thrown
uud saw the horse gallon away. The
honest tar picked up the torn saddle
and returned it to the owner, expect
ing to be jailed for the. loss or the
horse. After Inspecting the saddle the
Californiuu declured that It could not
be repaired under six bits. hen
a.sked what he would charge for the
horse, he replied, looking indifferently
at the animal which was-scampering
up tho hills, f.'li. el tubulin, lie don't
count: i
A band of gaily-attlrcd caballeros, on
spirited horses, formed an Interesting
feature of . the ' Fiesta celebration In
Loa AnsMcs last year.
't Holidays Wen more friqbeit )n Ctlt.
fornla thun thcyituie nd-vi rn -Mexic o.
At' these, spectators were rejoiced by
the sight of horse races, lights between
bulls ami beurs, speitucle plays. In
which a vuuticrn pluycd Jesus Christ
unci an ullar boy Ihe Virgin Alury. The
whole bound up with a fandango, which
wus like u Kentucky lueukdown, and
lajlcd nil night. Rancheros who could
not cross a street on foot or cut a fur
row would ride fifty miles to a fandango
ami ounce till tluybreak without tllnch
Ing. Those were the days of open-hearted
hospitality, such us we read of In Bible
history, and such us still exist in some
custom countries, w here a man regards
it not only a duty, hut a pleasure to
entertain travelers, without expecta
tion or hope of reward. In those days
the population was so small nnd scat
tered thnt the arrival of a visitor was
hailed as a. welcome variation In the
monotony of life. All the leading
America n settlers and travelers testify
to the unaffected kindness and gener
osity with which strangers were enter
tained. It was over forty years before the
first American arrived In Los Angeles.
In 1824 a, Scotchman opened a store on
the American plnn. In isai there was a
beginning of extensive trade with the
East, over the Santa Fe trail, llegln
nlng in 18:15. Los Angeles wns for a
short time the rapilal of the state.
There were a few bloodless combats
during the Mexican war, before Los
Angeles came permanently under
American rule.
THE COMING FESTIVAL.
The next anoach to a fiesta celebra
tion w as on Sept. 4. 1881, when the city
celebrated Its centennial anniversary
with geat enthusiasm, thousands of
people being In procession, the native
California!! population taking an Im
potant part In the ceremonies as they
have done In the fiestas of 189-1 ond 1895,
and will do again this year in April,
when It is promised that the fiesta will
far et-llpso In magnificence the two pre
ceding celebrations. It will last four
days, during which a constant round of
varied and interesting entertainments
will be furnished to the thousands of
visitors who are expected from all parts
of the country. The fiesta, however,
deserves a separate letter to Itself.
The history of Los Angeles was an
uneventful one from early days until a
dozen years ugo. when commenced that
remarkable growth that has astonished
the country. How the city has ad
vanced may be Judged from the popu
lation figures, which have Increased
from 11.000 In 1880 to BO, 000 In 1S!0, and
80,000 In 1SH3. 1IAUKY BROOK.
BOCK BEER CARD.
Mr. Joseph (ilennon, of the Grm of
HitRhcs a Glennon, the rittRton brew
ers, has designed a magnificent Hock
Beer card. The card contains portraits
of the most prominent candidates for
the Presidency. Mr. Cleveland stands
aloof from the group, to whom 1c is
delivering an address. Ile wears
upon bis lapel a third term badge, anil
rests his left hand on Hughes & Glen
non's mascot bock goat. The right
band is extended to Impress his hear
ers with his last words, which were,
"The Union and Hughes & Clcnnon's
Bock Beer forever."
Hughes & Glcnnon's Dock Beer h
better this year than ever. This Is
due to the artesian well from which
the firm obtains the pure cnstal deep
rock used in making the beer. .'o
imported beer can compare with the
Forest Castle beer. Drink it down !
Or'nk it down !
Hurrah for Hughes & Glennon !
Hurrah for their splendid bock.
It will set your face a-grinnlug,
It is made from pure de:p rock.
If you want to see the next Presi
dent of the I'nited States, examine
Hughes & Glcnnon's bock Keer. In his
speech at the city of rittston, Presi
dent Cleveland's words were, l'TIc
Union and Hughes & Gle.iuon's Utcp
Kock Bock Beer forever!" Tbc- Leer
is now on tap.
Hughes & Cilennon's Back Beer is
better this year tliau ever. This is
due to the artesian well tr eta which
the firm obtains thj pure crystal deep
rock used in nuikiug the beer. No
imported beer can compare with the
Forest Castle beer. Brink il down'
Brink it down !
If you cannot s.t yoar favorite can
didate lor the Presidency on Htighos &
Glennou's Bock Beer card, drink a
couple glasses of the
make you open your
double.
be.'!-,
eyes
It will
auJ set
Hurrah for Hughes & Glennon!
Hurrah for their splendid bock!
It w ill set your lace a-griuning.
It is made from pare deep rock.
If you want to . ihe next Presi
dent of the United States, examine
Hughes & Glcnnon's Hock I Jeer. In
his speech at the city of Pittston, Prcs
Went Cleveland's words were, "The
t'tuift und Hughc.t ii Gleuuou's Deep
Rock liock Beer forever !" The be.-r
Is no oltap. '
What is
K x .v .XsSSNWX
A
Practically
Perfect
Preparation
For
CHILDREN
Complaints,
M - S - T -
UP TO
uiiiiiiuiiiaiiiiiitiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiil
EiUbllshtd 1866.
the Genuine
11
3
3
PIANO
At a time when many manu
facturers and dealers are making
the most astounding- statements
regardingthe merits and durability
of inferior Pianos, intending pur
chasers should not fail to make
critical examination of the above
instruments.
El
3
E. C. RICKER
General Dealer in Northcust.
crn Pennsylvania,
New Telephone Exchange Building, 115
Adams Ave., Scranton, Pa.
nimiiiiiliuuil
YOU WANT
LET'S GET
RICHARDS
502 Commonwiaiiii Building
WE HAVE
THE DICKSON MANUFACTURING CO
SCRANTON AND WILKES-BARRE, PA., Manufacturers of
Loceinolives, Stationary Engines, Boilers,
H.OISTIfJG AND PUMPING MACHINERY.
General Olfice: SCRANTON, PA.
0OTFB SB08 CO., laefp. fcjU,, li.tXKtWi
tt&tT &1.SO b.iOK IN ruk YYOKI.H.
"A ttiiar lufi a dnUtr tamtd."
TMiLo4tM'Hll:l r ranch lmvfoiciKIlT.
la Htm diihuiod ft myythen l tin U.S., m
MHI MOIUMO, HOMj uruer,
or l'utul Null for 1J0.
Kcinaia Tnr wiry Ua Mutt
m ?'St nr"cS! t'tmJof m guar-
c ti.'ii IKiJH anUt th 1tt. HhIa and uvw.
I'lHMiS ' nn on to not tuuSai
teVIca or Coamroa Burnt,
WMIIII V, I. E, KB.
MIX ItSiUl kM
:wir;r wi vif M tin.
. nr..
Ion
ana Rn7l
FEDERAL IT.,
IKMTOX. iHKO.
Special lent to ittaUr.
HOOF imniHG ftftO SOLBEIifflG
f iBifiedluntt) well-known to ali. It can bo
WilocJ to ttu, kiUvariei lin, llw. Ircn
roofa, also to brick dweliiic, which will
prevent atooHiUly any crumblla, rraok
lc or braking of tho brick. It will out
tut tinning of any kind by many vaars,
IlIiiI It's nont Hium nnt .. rk . . - .
of tba cost of tinning, la fold by tba jb
vr Bounu. contract in Ken r
ANTONIO HAllTiIA:.N'. U7 illrch CL
s
- f?
DATE.
0v (6,000 In Usi.
-1
K1
'A
TOGETHER.
LUMBER CO
TelaphdRa 422
CALL UP 8632.
CO.
OILS,.
VINEGAR
AND
CIDER.
OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE,
Ml TO 181 MERIDIAN STRBBff
M. W. COLLINS, M'Gffb
:' jk' t!nflrDI'ril I'.irft Ur
TtftrTA. ,VT Iwiu of j'n.ue a,l muiiil.
ffeMttfeto-.- da, uruiiirecti.c,f yui'tiirvL
Koi'W't: of tvrjririrnt. 1- Ki:0!?rf, rc(.'irit!T
flw, Nt-rTf.ua lclj;)Uy,M7hl,.rFmlA-.lolis,C.ir.lliriiiioli,
lnwiity. B:i'.r,ubtii:ir diaiiH uud l..n of power i'l lliuik'u
emir, orf.nuttunmilnft rntflt.rstuiir, ru inert, aut! mai
rinfrulrtq.ttli'felycureit hyllr. UrdrlruneKrianUli Ncrvo
Craln. V-icym'tunlcuiT. by s:.niii:iriUtiA.B,.v ..f.ili
'' M'. but ro 11 giml NCIU l; TMC nnd HLOIlU
I'l H.lll.ll, brii,rii hr.'k thn Bl-,li lo to peIb
!irt.. ami n-iu.n an ttu l';i:i: cist vol Til to iiio
imlii nt. 11 mill, l.;m IM'bo- nrH for Willi n rlt
I 1,-iiBrurlrf It, t-iir or ri'l'unil (!t money, tkxiic
tuu. imulJibtrvel.rnlu:i.,liu4U;i9U Aw
For sale by John II. Phyllis, DruRclst.
Wyoming avenue and Spruce street