THE SClTANTOtf rRIBXINE; SATURDAY, 'FEBRUARY 24, 1894,
11
19
Recollections of Episodes of Heroism
by Land and BttU
Eti . '.n, Contrit-nticaj From Colonel I. L. Vocd,
Major Alexander K JjwelL anil Captain
V. S. taeas and Cons-re;jtaan W. A. Stono
- Sixth Number of a Rouble Scries.
Which the JoUouin j formt
to gut to the jnillu: fbr IAS jirA time and in
i.uthenlu: form, DM it large number "f distin
juished MMtWbutor, tA stories 'f "Met
BffBMl I'frtb o i.'niir: I'eul hrroism and .(('-
seorfjkw mrtuHmi under oVo1 psreeaal obsaru
ation uliile i (he ssrvia , ri :'.'. 1' lend "' MO,
ylnrfHj rJistrur o JevV.'. W COHnKwi, trVu
completed, trill form a .v.Vie.h'ti monument m
t."i prasMSs, patriotism end cheraeiws tiirc
nanimit'j of the American soldier, fhut Hum
heroes uio, by l&fir individual dftdf ofdariuj,
added Imlre an I t:,thi:slatm to. tfie coaftid
some in distinjnUitel and orfifvs in tumble
role triS find tAefr true f'aoe hi tAs !urifl? and
udmirirtj heart cu t'rti;i nation.
AS TOLD BY CONGSEfiSKAIf W. A. STONE.
Our regiment, tue 167LU Fa., when we were
iu the Virginia iwainps just previous to tho
tattle of Petersburg, had charged into a pieui
ot woods anil recaptured I rifle pit which had
beeu taken from our forces by the Confeder
ates. It began to rain furiously just as WO
drovo the enemy out aud got possession.
Bight In front of our company the pit took a
sharp turn. A few rails, logs and limbs Ol
irjjs liad been thrown down and dirt piled
upon tham troni both sides. The ground
was very swampy and the rain soon formed
quite u depth of water on MMh side in the
trench. The Confederates kept up brisk
It U propo-i in the nriff of papers. Vl1"'' . ,UM """"
the titth iiiumVe 1 u"' " l'"u"" " F"V"' ""
coma on ami the rain and tat ilrlng still Kepi
UP,
About midnight it was discovered tliat
the water was washing the nirth away in
front and that i'. was necessary for sonm one
to got over and shovel on a new covering at
the angle in from of us. or otherwise our pros
te-.-,i."i would soon be gem.1. Captain llari.
then commanding the company which lay at
thai point, hesitated to order a detail, und
called for some one to Volunteer to engage In
tin dangerous work. Tho enterprise was not
Only dangerous, but it was a hundred chances
to one that the person attempting it would
be OOrrled to the rear riddled Willi bullets.
It war. positively ceruflii that us soon as the
sound ol tho Shovel was hoard Kis enemy ly
ing directly iu front and but a short distance
uw;iy. would direct tin-ir tin to that
Every one saw the sltuatl maud thedai)ger,
and. naturally, no on was In hosts to volun
teer. Finally a private, named LonMock, a
man of delicate frame, who h.i enlisted In
Company A. from -!NS r ., Ti' a Cmnt),
Ptt., stji).'l to ihe front and said Without any
TOLD BY COLON EI. L L. WOOD.
It is an easy matter to remember nets of
daiingoa the part of regiments and brigades,
Of friend and ion, but iu recalling buttles 1 Unit
It very liiftieult to senar.ite the man from the
mass about bin, or to distinguish the officer,
who fearlessly KJ, from the private, who as
(.'arlesslv fnllowi.il.
Taking it all through, I think that in Grant's j flourish, and as though it was the most ( rdlo
MMnaurn. oreee.lini.' the siive oi Vieksbunr. I ar affair l bis liiv, il.at he vu!d uuder.aku
t hu charging troops oi tho enemy disappeared,
but only to form again, and thoy finally made
it so hot for us that we were foroed to with
draw to Cemetury Hill. I could not conceive of
u grander exhibition ol courage lit batllo than
was oxhlbited by those Confedorato. Each
time it was almost certain death, aud yet not
a man seemed to waver. The precision with
which thoy reformed liter the fearful decima
tion of their ranks that followed ea'.h discharge
of our guns was I think, the most marvelous
thing thct took place undsr my observation
during the war.
An incident which occurred at the battle ol
Druinsvllle, had a mixture of the tragic and
the humorous that make.-- it worth relating.
The eoltir -eig'aiit of Col. MeCalmoht's regi
i. lent was Frank Alexander, a tjtllow r.nt
, ousted particularly clever, but one w ho jra i
FOLLOW TUK f'l.Al!. BjOTI
and dating the siege itself, that 1 saw mora
acts of Individual gallantry tiian I witnessed
duricg the rest ,.f my four years' campaign-
mm
VJ
M.U'K trOAN TO wor.2.
lag. This was, no doubt due to my opportun
ities rather than to the fact that cases of in
dividual daring were more frequent in this
than In other campaigns.
Amoogst all thess euse that of Sergrunt
the job. The terrible campaign Ot 1864, and the
dajoanneaaandnulariaoithe Virginlaswam i,
bad told up n hie health, and he hardly looked
able to life a showi, iiiu,;!i less to master
up nerve enough to undertake the prob
ably fatal work in hand. He had always
dene his duty, but in a very unostenta
tious Way, in no tLanner distinguishing
lii"ijlf. und it was with much surprise
its.' his comrades saw him step to tho trout
WhM they had all hung lack, lie did not
teem to be anxious to -.. and there was no air
of bravado about him. He simply est ecu: sdtho
to tot be In tho lino 0! his duly, and i: that
was the ease it made no difference to him
whether the performance was dangerous or
not. He ia'. OlSO, tunt the lives 01 Comrades
were at stake, and that it was necessary ft r
some one to throw up the defence thai bod
!wr washed Sway, in the interest if saving
life.
A shovel was obtained. a::d Mock climbed
ever the rifle pit, and began Ids work. Sur.i
, infatuated with his olUee mid with his IhiK'.
! While the buttle was raging and we were
slowly advancing, Prank, in his enthusiasm
I got bur in front of the regiment,
"Bring thai Hug back to the regiment t"
shouted OoL XoOahnont.
There was no response, though it wot evi
dent the color bearer had distinctly heard the
; order.
" Bring thai flan hack to tho regiment,"
; again shouted the Colonel.
"G d d n you. bring the regiment up to
: the flag," shouted Frank furiously, and the
CoI'Ciel i.bevud the order.
How the Project cf Annexation is
Eegarded by the Former.
The Great Majority of the People of the Dom
inion Jtre Sternly Opposed to It-Commercial
and Not Folitioal Union is What They
Detire - Timely Interviews with Leading
Hon.
TonosTo, Ost., I'eb. 22, 1891. It is amus
ing to one who investigates the question on
the ground, to Und, how all basis for the
idea of the annexation of Canada Idles
away, us soon us one looks into it. Cue
would think from the amount of fonllahiifSM
produced on this SUbJeOt, ami peddled out
to the people, under the label ,,t lu-diabie,"
that it was I,, be the panacea for all our
Ilia, so fur us the Dominion is concerned,
There are sons people who son never look
over their neighbor's ileitis, without the de
sire to annex them by purchase or piracy,
Von have seen a greedy ox or oow stand With
bead over tho line feme, and push at the
top rail, In the vain elfort to get bold of some
Of the crops on the other side, when there
was even better pioking on his own side.
This is the ease with the few annexationists,
thai nsjst on the sjnsrloen side of the line,
und they lire so lew in Dumber, that it is u
wonder in the science of " booming," how
they have contrived to keep Up SUOh a hulla
baloo, iii the few Weak nlndS thai are agitated
on this subject.
ft is safe to say. that aside from u small
coterie of blatherskites, who do not believe
what they are laying, and a smaller coterie of
" believers," who are Ignorant "f tb 'mil
lions of the tWO countries, there is not a per
son who heartily and siaeerely believes in
annexation. That it may eventually occur
by sheer force of natural end national gravi
tation, some sensible people like Gold win
Smith believe, bill should thai time ever
pome, it will una tun unit irunn .-. , : .
by both sides, and be In do sense what annex
ation Would have to be uow. a question of
001 reioaor of propsgsndlsm,
Nlue-t 'iiths,,! the whole American people,
OB both sides of the line, Would vote point
blank nuaiiist it. In tliu I'liited Siate-t wv
When Frank was afterwards taken prisoner, L..n ti.. ,.tm.i
I Without importing any. We are engaged in
; the process of grinding up und ussiniiinting
about 500,fKW foreigners every year, and
making national material out of the songlom-
be managed in some way to wrap the flag
which was so precious to.hlm around his body
under his olothes, aud so carried it With him
uutil be wai exchanged.
Aurxuron McDowell.
Erunor Stands out conspicuously, for his ! enough, as sooa us tho sound of tho shovel
bravery was so frequently illustrated from
tho time WO Grossed the Mississippi till we
reached the Big Block, as to make his name
and regiment the Twenfy Third Wisconsin,
fs mous In all the urmv. liruuer was the only
Pennsylvania Ln this splendid regiment, a j 'hough nothing bad happened. Every
wtt- heard the bullets of the Confederates be
gan to fall thiek ami Tast about bins. Oie
struck bis shovel fair on the Mat surface and
Sent It spinning out of hi? haad. but he ut
once picked it up and shoveled away again ie
one
fact that gave him prominence from the tirst,
and of which he felt very proud. As a matter
of fact, I have always thought that the ser
geant's gallantry was inspired more by a de
sire to defend the honor of the li ystone
State than by a. broaitr patriotism for the
restoration of the Cniou.
In the assault on Port Gibson, the Twenty
Third Wisconsin camo under a terrilic etorai
of tire, und they wavered) and when the
Color Sergeant was shot down the line troke
and looked as If it soulid bo thrown back. The
Colors had not beeti a second on the ground,
when sergeant Bmnsr liaped forward, and
flinging them aloft, he shouted, with an oath,
that did not sound like profanity :
follow tho flag, boys ! Follow the flag I "
Some forty or fifty tan cheered and rallied
about Bruner, thou ail dashed forward on the
arthwork; the rest of the command soon
following, and the pJaeS v. as t arried. Hud
this act stood alone, it would have made the
sergeant a murkel man for leadership and 1
valor. But it was one only of maty SUOh incidents.
At the battle of Ci.r.aipiou hill, immediately
utter Port (iibsou the Twenty Third, again
wavered under aa i.wtul fire, and tho colors
were dropping to tho rear, Quick as a flush
liruner seized them, aud shouting: "There's
less danger In fruit boys 1 Come on I " ho led
liii cheering comrades into tho enemy's la
trenchment?, and they wero carried with a
lush.
Another Incident will Show that tois man's
courage was not spasmodic, but a constant
quantity.
At the battle of Big Black, the last fight be
fore the Investment of Vicksburg, Company
" It," Bruner's, of the Twenty Third Wiscon
sin, got orders Irom Ganeral Qrant to silence,
with the aid of two small pieces, tine of the
enemy's batteries tual was very annoying.
Soon the two gam w u i dismounted, und the
two commissioned offlc ts of Company B
wire wounded, the oommond devolving on
Uruner. Instead t.f (oiling buck, as nearly
any other n.au would ban done, Uruner
shouted f .r his man to follow him, which
they promptly d'.d. They Charged tiie bat
h-Id his breath expecting every moment that 1
Meek would be struck, and while we wore
crouching behind the j it in comparative I
safety, ho shoveled as leisurely as though he i
were digging la his garden at home. How bo .
ever SSOapOd was a mystery to us nil. For
fifteen or twenty minutes be worked there
With his back to the enemy under a eoiistant i
and rattling tire until the breu h was repoil ed.
and then climbed ba.-k saying quietly ; "t i
guess it is all right low boys," and every one J
felt like hugging hia; for his brave net. Lion
Mock marched no more with us in that cam
paign. The result of his e itertlt m was a Severe
cold, and he gradually worn down to his grave
and survived the WOT but 11 short time. His
brave a it in front of Petersburg has not been
forgotten, however, and every spring when
his comrades strew his grave with flowers the
story of his heroism is retold by theso who
personally knew of the action. Us novel ra-
TOLD BY CAPTALS W. 6. LTJCAi.
Tile coolest bravery 1 witnessed during my
term of ssrvido, was at Lossburg, Ho, Gen
era Tom Swing, w ith a battalion of the lttb
Iowa Vet. nn lnft.. numbering MO men and
two or three hundred Missouri Btato miiita.
were forced to evacuate Pilot Knob by the ad
vance of Harnuuiuke's ami Shelby's com
mands, said to number three or four thous
and troops. F.wing attempted to reach itoiia
when he evacuated Pilot Knob. Altera run
ning tight of twenty-tour hours, bis tired and
hungry little command being press-d in flank
and rear, took refuge in u deep cut of the
railroad, at the village ot Leesburg, dark.
The line of the enemy were drawn well
about the beleagured little command. Tbe
commands of the enemy were plainly beard
while adjusting their lines for, as flfneral
Bering believed, a night attack. In front ol
tho beleagured forces and inside of the ad
vance lines of the enemy was n large barn
with several hay Stacks surrounding it.
General Ewing tailed for a volunteer from
rim tranches to steal instds ami through tbe
enemy's lines and set tire to the barn and hay
stacks. In order to light up the Held in front
of the beleagured little band and about the
j lines of the enemy, Eat) J. Lamson, u cor
: poral t f Company "B" 14th Iowa, offered
hlms-lf as the desired Incendiary, i warned
1 blui of the imminent danger of suoh an
.JSCS'- --J
' T.l
BBIXO THK I'.FitMENT fl
Tin: fLAO,
( f aKr
w
i A i i
uxasxy vn:: dakobH.
1 1 vullv 00m
tery, and a flerca liaicl 1 1 hand light tor Its
jkjss .ssion foUowed. Twice Ino Sergeant was
n prisoner, and'twica rolnased by the re-en-toroemante
hurried to hie aasiahnce, The
result, was that the battery was taken, Brtttttt
brlngug iifftho colors With his own hand.
Soon after this, the gallant fellow was made
n Captain, and as sucii dtsUnguished hlalaaH
iluring the siege. .Not tho least remarkable
tiling about this man was tlint though lie
never appea-od to be so entirely happy r.s
when he was mixod up In a liand to hand
etruggle, he went through all his battles
without receiving a scratch.
L L. Woor.
ceived promotion, and hlsherulsm N only one
of ths many brave deeds done by our volun
teer loldii rs whleh never saw nny other re
ward than tiie gratitudu of their comrades. ;
W. A. Sroxx.
TOLD BY MAJOR KoDOVrfLL.
it was the hr-t day of the battle of Getty--!
I tu:g. 110 were 111 uue 01 10 ue t,u mki . .i
tide of a knoll with our guns planted ut tho
brow where they commanded perfectly liny
advancing body of the Confederates, After
tbe battle hatl been raging for Some tiBM OUT
OfAeeri could Seethe eieeiiy prepariiiK for u
charge. The guns weie double shotted, and
the order given to wait until the Confederates
"ame Within short tang.'. On fame the line,
'!oiii!e-quick, until It w as within less than one
httndrad yards of the muxries of our guns.
There w.; a Hush of Hume, a l our that shook
tho hills ami valley . nud when the sniok.
Clesred away there seemed to b iiothlnif bill
piles of datl and wounded. Our shot had
raoweda tremendous g.ipiu tbe line 11 1 only
by prostrate b dies, Quiok as the movi meat
ouid be exeettted, however, the advanning
line was reformed in Iron) ol tin. windrow of
bodies, and, elbow to elbow, ths charge was
1 wed. They WON so near that weeouldsce
tb'lr fa v, mid I shall never forget the ex
pression ol courage ahd determination, which
it - i.ied toinel eiiiild , . "His plainly as though
We were f.ioo to face, and which showed that
I hey were either going to conquer or to be
:!i 't to death. Again our !-'it,s belohod forth,
;,nd agsjl tits w hole line to r. man seemed to
go down. A new w indrow ut the hundreds of
dead and dying WOl made eonaiii.ir.ibly In
front of the former one, Mke magic tic lias
Of thl enemy forme I again, and again, elbow
to elbow, In front ot tho pfl sj of their falle.i
comrades those undaunted fellows came on.
liven amid the smoke the . was now ekiudlnt:
everything we could plainly see that terrible
expression of desperate and lenrless courage.
which was almost Mappailingtoiisaaths det-
Imatlon of their ranks must have been to
them. A third time our boHorles pouretl
forth their murderous tire, and a third time
undertaking and the lew t nance of escape
From capture or death. Bereplled,"! tally com
prehend th" danger, hut General Ewing be
lieves it neeessnty for the safety of this com
mand that the burn shall be fired und 1 cun t
do my country a better ISfViOS than lo at
tempt to perform tti servioe." He stripped
himself, stole over the banks of the railroad
cui and was s.,on lost to sight. As wo waited
with bated breath for the result, moments
seemed minutes and minutes hours. Soon,
however, a commotion was iliseoveretl among
the enemy's troops, aud about the same time
a twinkling light was discovered In tho up
per part of the ban through a gihle window,
about the same time shots innumerable
were heard and tic noise of tramping men
was carried to us on the night air. in tbe
mltlst of the noise and excitement Lou
came bounding toward the railroad cut with
tho speed of u race horse. As he leaped over
the barricade that hail been hastily creeled
on the brink of the cut, he drew u long breath
.and snld, "She's well lired boys." By the
- tiiu hi reached his comrades. U10 lire was
I going in full force and the whole grounds
surrounding the railroad cut whs lighted up
so that with our muskets and two Parrot
j guns we had with us, wo were BOOB ubo to
! beat Karmaduke baek nut of range. The hay
, burned Hourly all night and maintained 11
1 light, SO the garrison was saved from OBD-
tui". Daylight cam" and the enemy was kepi
j at bay until colonel Beverldfe arrived from
Holla with re-culoreenients and lining con-
dusted his brave little bund safely to Holla.
Karl J. Istrnenn IS SiiVC aud i' sides at West
I Superior, wis. ' w. s. Uaoaa,
Time Ii Money.
JuJge 1 In tramp prison"'- -" Klflv dollars
' OT thirty days,"
" Time's money Judge. Gi'nte thirty days.''
- psfroil free freer.
Cupid'i Engineering.
Bui low eui we hope to bridge the wide
loslal Ktih" which lies between him und his
adored "
"With sighs perhaps." Detroit Tribune.
erat- mixture. That, with the finance und
tariff questions, the adjustment Of power
between different portions of the "Country,
the public management oi railroads, the
tiiestion of monopolies, the greater problems
of municipal government, und America has
enough to do without dipping her spoon in
the Dominion Si up plate. Besides we might
Und the broth very hot. and seasoned very
high.
Canada has not the slightest thought ol an
nexation, even with a small "a." Such a
sentiment, if it ever existed before the Cana
dian union, la deader than the fabled door
nail.
Canada resemble- a chain of sausages,
stretched across tic continent divided Into
fmr Sections, Ontario forms tb" oil do sac
that bange down iietween the lakes Ontario,
Lrie und Huron, and is the section in Which
most naturally, thw annexation sentiment
would bo found, ami 1 aver, that so far as
t .uiada is concerned it tines not exist. By
diligent search it cannot found, und it has
no existence as a political power. Those
people Who imagine that h SOUM hocus
po"US. the Canadian '.range Is to lie trui;--
feneii under the American bat, slyly, have a
conception of politieal jugglery that would do
credit to old Hanson Payne, A crasy head,
ho presented himself nt a newspaper offtoe,
aud wished five copies of a circular printed,
announcing himself as u candidate for Presi
dent of the I'nitcd States. The editor, as
tonished at SUCh a lavish display of printer's
ink, asked bim if It would not be better to
have ids candidacy announced in the news
patters, and so create a " boom." " No,"
said the old fellow "you don't understand
this; we want to keopouiet uboui it und these
five circulars will lie put in the hands of
tried friends, who at the proper time will show
them to the public, and triumphantly sweep
tn In."
In the first pluee. there is nothing In Canada
that we want. We navetorritory enough now,
we have people enough coming, without at
tempting to etoril any. wo have trouble
enough now. with our present complication
of various, nationalities. In the next place,
WS have nothing to otter them beyond a
larger and better market I Imu they now have,
in many points they are ahead 01 us und it is
no idle remark when we say that we nave
nothing tn Offer them. Perhaps we oould in-
ir nit Tammany to them, we could give
them lessons in cud combinations, municipal
fictions. Qraveaend polities and New Jersey
borse-taoing, We could hold up our Indian
policy, our Hawaiian projects, our trusts, our
sensational journalism, and our societies or
ganised to punch uti with a sharp stick,
those w ho are elected to do things, but do
not do. them. Our societies for tbe preven
tion of pfJPoers dodging the duty they were
else ted to perf rni.it ml paid for, would be quite
an Inducement In a country w here tin.' laws
are better obeyed than at home.
Two projects looking toward B Change of
relations between tho United States mid
Cutiiula have been considered, but soolh to
Say only one of them has any considerable
body of udheivnls. First the federation or
Commercial union whleh is nothing mora
than Heciprucity carried out. Secondly,
political union, tioldwlll Smith bus caused
Oils Idea to be well-known. There are but
two Knglishinen, Who can be Baldtobc kUOWfi
to Americans, that Is to the people ut
America, an dlstlm t from the few journalists,
statesmen and students, and these two are
tiUidslone and Cioldwin Smith. The latter
geutlemau, Who was formerly a lecturer on
historical and political science, at Cornell
Qnlvsrstty, and n contributor to our lending
periodicals, bus utlvoeuted a closer Intimacy
between the two countries, lie Is now In
Europe, and It is safe to say, that bis theories
in ( Intarlo, Si leust, have almost no following
and are freely laughed at. Of the second
poliny Mr. Smith nays:
Annexation Is an ugly word; it seems to
convey tin idea "f tOTCS or pressure, applied
to the smaller state, not ot free, equal anil
honorable union, like that between England
i: ml Scot lain I. Vet there is no reason why
th" unlofl "I the two sections of English
speaking people, on Uus continent should not
be at free, an eqUSi, and us honorable us the
union of England and BcotlBDd. Nothing but
the historical incident cj tt civil war. ending In
SI cB liOB, Instead of amnesty has mud.' them
two." But the modern Caned lea has been
repainted, not merely by one century, but
from the beginning. To bo mire Ureat BritlBU
ruled Itoth, but then never was any union
except that produced by the movemant of an
unity, Irom one section to nnotl.er. (loldwln
Smith, adds that, " England uud Scot lend bud
the memory of many wars to eU range them,
I the Anglo-Saxons of Canada, and the United
8tates, have tho mouiory since their separa
tion of only one war."
In the pleasant path that surrounds the
vast and stately pilo of rod stono that forms
tho Government buildings of the Provinco of
Ontario, here iu Toronto, stands also a
monument, surrounded by white inarblo
llgures, niched iu the purple stone, aud tur
rounded by a fence supported by stands of
musket3 aud piles of cannon balls. It makes
the American grow thoughtful with sorrow
It Is the Volunteer's monument, to tho mem
ory of the 3D brave fellows, who fell In the so
called " Feulun Invasion." That which nearly
every American remembers Bfl a good joke,
shooting a lew blank cartridges, by a few Irish
Nationalists, ami some of the returned
soldiers, who wanted to scare England and
so raise a hundred or two thousand dollars,
out Of the pockets of the servant gli It, was
Something pretty serious, after ail, It was
one of those liltlo obstacles, that Mr. Smith
evidently forgets, Then there wus the Revo
lutionary War, und the descendants of hun
dreds of N. E. nyaUsts exist; the war of
1S12, when Toronto, then known us York, was
burned; and there was tbe so-called "Patriot
War " of 1S3G-7. Surely there huvo bts.li wars
enough, without trying to belittle the effect
of them, But Mr. Smith enchanted by the
Sight goes on:
" It would give to the whole continent as
complete security tor peace, immunity from
war taxation, as la likely to be attained
by any community, or group of commun
ities 011 this side of tbe Millenium, Cana
dians, almost with one voice, say that it
WOUld greatly MiSS the value of property
in ( .iiuidu." Whatever may have been the
sentiment, when Qoldwin Smith's book was
written tn 1890, such a sentiment does not
exist now to any i-xtent.
Of living Canadians, the able editor of the
Toronto wobe, Mr. Willieton, asserts that
the question ot annexation is not to be thought
of. Cunuda,would have nothing to gain, Tho
adjustment of the tiirifl relations between the
countries would leave everything satisfac
tory, In the park before mentioned, stands
the bronze statu-' of Hon. Gt urge lirown who
for BO many yean bull) upend mad th" otobea
power. He strove to be honest and just and
to develops the sentiment of National Inde
pendence, 11" nobly sustained the side of
the North during the war. Those who have
followed bis lead, have no sympathy with the
idee annexation.
Mr. Crelghton of the " Umpire," though of
the protectionist order of thinking, does not
believe in annexation, neither doc Mr. Crabbe
fit the Star, a new but VI rv SUCCBSSful paper.
The Old and poiv rful Jfoii, Is totally opposed
to annexation, its manager, Jir. Douglas und
its editors being strongly against it. Mr.
W. 1. Smith editor of the growing A'eifJ has
no thought 'if annexation mid thinks there i
no Such sentiment in Canada. The manager
Mr. Douglass who avowed that many of Ills
young Mends wero annexationists finally ad
mitted tliut none of them were iu favor of the
political uuion, or a "hange of government, but
only or tt commercial union that would give
them the advantage of our markets,
j. Rosa Robertson of the old und respect
able Telegram we were informed was an an
nexationist ten years ago but h" now out -Hcrodv
Herod in denouncing Americans and
Would g ' OUt of his way lo show Ids despite,
or us a friend expresses it " to klokan Ameri
can." Heavowed t" us that he would will
ingly nay s dollar and n quarter to prevent u
11 dollar going into an American's pocket.
Mr. McLean "f th" vigorous anil progressive
Toronto IrbrtOfWantsno annexation ami even
Grip, Canada's single humorous periodical,
winch by virtue "i the ability of in editor and
cartoonist J. v. Berigough Is reorganised as a
social and political force iu its last number
says in reply too neighbor's comment 1 " It is
trns that GMp used to be, perhaps, too much
In earnest t'ora mere jester, on tne questions
of Prohibition, Just Taxation, Pros Trade,
and other great questions, but not 11 line was
ever written or drawn, in support of Annexa
tion, ir by that term is meant the political
union of Canada, and the United states."
An Interview with sir Oliver Howat, Tre
mier of Ontario, by whom we were graciously
received, continued our "pinion that in
neither tne Province "t Ontario, nor that of
Quebec, is there any real annexation senti
ment. In the latter the priests are agirinst
anything tike annexation. Suht sir Oliver:
-our people are tor free trade, but if a com
mercial arrangement could be made, it would
satisfy tiie condition, and give us the mar
kets wo need, our government is Protec
tionist, protecting against English goods on
the one hand, and American goods mi the
other." in an open letter on the Reform
Party and Canada's Future, sir Oliver says:
" Canadian- generally are proud of their
Status, as British subjects, antl did Hot want
an unrestricted reciprocity, If it was to m-
volve a obango In their nationality. They
ditl not waul it ut the expense of bonding
over to another nation, this grand Dominion,
so extensive In territory. BO mighty iu re
sources and with such grand national pros
pects in the future." "we are as much at
tached to our nation as the people of the
United States ate to theirs. Unrestricted re
ciprocity at the price of annexation, we are
not prepared (or."
An Incident oconrred In 1891, which' Illus
trates: Discontent with the Conservative
Government at Ottawa. In consequence of
BonttdalB, ami the failure ot the National
i)licy, to realize the expectations of those
who hod supported It, caused a reaction, with
soma talk of a political union with the United
States, as the best means of obtaining recip
rocity At North Essex u cms native mem
ber Of the Legislature, succeeded in getting a
public meeting to passu resolution in favor
of annexatl m. At a subsequent meeting In
Windsor, Nov. 11), 18'J1, in practically the
same condition, a contrary resolution was
passed, with denunciation of the previous
resolution, and with no dissenting votes.
Tim agitation as! on foot by these two meet
ings, caused a great effort on the part of the
annexationists, as well as their opponents.
a meeting In favor ol annexation was called
t" meel at Woodstock, but the attendance
proved tliut the anti-.i'inexati. mists went In a
majority of twelve to one. ami passed a strong
resolution closing us follows; "Canadians
have the must friendly feelings towards lb"
people of the I'tliL'd Slates, und desire til"
extension of their trade relations with them.
That while differing araong ourselves, us to
the extent of the reciprocity t ibedeeired or
n;;i I to, we repudiate any suggestion that
iu order to accomplish this object, Canadians
should change their allegiance, "r consent to
the surrender ot the Dominion to any foreign
power, by annexation, political union or
otherwise."
Since then, there has ,cii le-s and less ot
annexation sentiment, in Manitoba there
bus been a 'little talk In consequence of the
tariff against their great staple w heat, but it
means nothing but reciprocity or mere com
mercial union. 1 I- el a talk with an eminent
mine owner, who at one time was a leading
annexationist so called. To-day he admitted
that they would lie unwilling to accept union
under our flag with all that it can bring thorn.
Hon. Wilfred Iomtierthe Liberal leader of
the Dominion In a speech at Quebec, Jan. 1!',
alter discussing the question of commercial
iinton, said: "1 look forward to the day
when Canada will have a population of BO.
(HKI.UOO Inhabitants, of 40.llOO.lNi:) perhaps und,
when Its voice will weigh iu the destinies of
tho worldl."
Lastly the able President of the Toronto
Board m Trade, Mr. D. R, VYTlkle, In bis retir
ing address puts the mutter very fairly:
" Ciimidii Is ready fur reciprocity, on B fair If
not on a wide bash, but tin movement has
been delayed by the contentions Ol political
parties in Canada, und by the w ritings of a
few lrresMinslb!e oulsliWs. Oiuadd Will
ni'i'cr niiiiie.it to barter her tiafiomi umi pum
iOS' iiiiu'iud'iaift,ur any eomjnrruul consider-
aljpn.'1
Like the famous 18th chapter iu the " His-
ry of Ireland, entitled " Uu Snakes ami
RUSSIAK OF THE ROSSIANS
General Gourko, "tho Hero of the
Balkam," Dying in old Warsaw.
Career of a Man who Cringed to Power, Ow-
reconciled to their conquerors. Placod over
such an army and with such a people to hold
in restraint, General Gourko soon found that
his position was not u sinecure, and, from
his conduct, II is fair to infer that the difficul
ties of the place were to him its greatest ut.
traction. Conciliation was never a Russian
means to dispose of discontent, and Gourko
preieed the Weak, and Daily Prayed God to ! wu' not 'be man to violate precedent in this
Approve Hia Conduct.-One of the Unique I mat'r- Reasoning that if the rows bilomt-vt
Fiirei of the Preeent Cental y. 10 tB(f Gwk CBUr0fl and sPk,J onl' the Uus-
sian tongue, they would be more amenable
!vr. PKTSKBCBO, Feb. 1, 189. The Czar Is
Sick, here In hiS paluc.-; and General Gourko is
reported to be dying in Warsaw. Thehullstlns
announcing the condition of the Monarch's
health, are not more eagerly read tliau those
that tell from tluy 10 tluy. the progress of the
diseuso that is parrying the subject to the
grave. Wherever llourko's name Is men
tioned, one hoars loud expressions ot ad
miration Tor the soldier and regret for Ids
approaching end ; but there is far more mean
ing In the whisperings of batt: and tho looks
oi delight, with which others regard the near
demise of one, w hom, with r.eusou.they regard
as a heartless tyrant,
Joseph Nussllveviich Gourko was bom In
in, in tho " Oukralna," er borderland tie-
tween Russia ami Old Poland. His family
wus Lithuanian, and for generations hail In
termarried With the Poles, a fact which ut
first, led the people whom bo was to rule over
to believe that, as Governor of Poland, be
would be more lenien. than Ids predecessors.
Like every other boy of good family, in this
country und at that time, Gourko. from In
fancy was destined for the army. The Influence
of ids family was sufficient to gain bim
admission to ihe institute of the Imperial
Corps Ol Pages at Bt, Petersburg. This Insti
tute Is the most aristocratic school in the
Empire, the senior cadets being detailed in
turn, to do duty as pages to the (,'zur. The
so.iul advantages of such a -position nre great,
and the youth, who, as a page, succeeds in
attracting the favorable notice of the monarch
tinds when he enters the army that service iii
the field Is not the great essential to advance
ment, in ii.ii;. young Gourko secured the commis
sion of coronet in the Imperial Huxzars of the
Guard. the crack regiment in tho Russian
Service. Among the officers id tills body are
always to bo f,,uud a number ol Grand Dukes,
members Ot the Imperial family, who ure nut
u rally very particular us to tb" new members
admitted. At the time of Gourko's entering
the army, tbe Imperial residence, for some
months every year, was at Tsarskoe Seioe.
which was also the headquarters of the Hus
sars, n faet that enabled the young officers
to continue the royal acquaintance, anil to
emphasize us a s .ltlier, tbe favorable impres
sion be bad made as u page.
b S
i Mi
'loads In Ireland," und which chapter con
slsted only of the words, There are DO
snakes nor tOftdslU Ireland," s. the present
history of Annexation In Canada woitld con
sist briefly of these words " There is no an
nexation sentiment iii Canada.
Wtitr Aiil.iND,
Chilling Gratitude.
Mr. Ooodriak " Mary. I've had my life in
sured to-day, and now at my death you will
receive IM.60O,
Mrs. Uoodrisk (enraptured I "O. you dar
1 Hug. dear, good maul How thoughtful of
I you I Sou not only try to make me h ippy
1 while you are alive, but VOU tlx it so III be
happy alter you're dead 1" - V k.
QXXBSAI cocnio.
Gourko was not in"!in.Hl to neglect bis op
portunlties, ami lie improved them so well
that h- was made u captain in his twenty
ninth yea.. Fortune still favored bim, for
three years after this the Cair Alexander II,
appointed hi 1.1 to his staff, with the rank ol
Colonel. In 1868, ho was assigned totheeom
mnnd of the Fourth Hussars, and a year later
was mad" B Major General a la suite, and
placed at the lead of the Imperial Grenadier
Guards. In 1-sTtl. he was again promoted, this
time to the enniuiand Ot the First Brigade.
second Division of the H rse Guards.
This advancement was not due t. demon
strated military ability, fur his only war
experience, as yet, was a short service in the
Crimea, ns an attendant upon the old Csar,
Nicholas I.
In lSGfi. while stationed with the afsrinopol
Guards ut Warsaw, Gourko married a Polish
lady, who was of French descent 00 her
father's side. SuiMequabtly this woman ex
ercised a great, though by no means a bene
ficial Influence on the government ot her
native city and 0 wintry.
The outbreak of the Russo-Turklsh war in
1877, gave General Gourko his llrst great
opportunity t. exhibit those qualities of lead
ership that have mad-' him famous. To the
military student. Imwi-ver, Skobeleff was
bis superior. His admiring countrymen be
lieve that Gourko's exploits In this war en
titles bin, to rani: With the greatest gem-rals ot
ancient or modern times, but It Is sate to say
that lids 1 iplaii 'ti is confined entirely to Russia.
That he showed eiutgy ami during, from his
tirst active participation in this anguine?)
campaign, there is no denying. His capture
nnd subsequent defence Of the Bttjpka Puss
and the adjacent villages are matters of his
tory, Butthecrownlngact oi thai campaign,
ami of Gourko's military career, was bis
Kageotthc Balkan Mountains in midwinter,
with the vanguard of the ragged and hungry,
but still heroic Russian Army. Not the least
remarkable feature ol thie achievement, is the
fact thai it was aocompUahed with but little
I. ss. while his unexpected descent Into the
plains of Bulgaria and Boumella, put a sudden
end to one of the bloodiest and most stubborn
contests of modern limes
Asa reward tor the glory be bad brought to
the Russian arms. Gourko was made a Count,
a very unusual honor, nt the bands ot the Ciai .
though the title is common and Insignllleant
outside tho Empire, A an additional token
of favor, "the hero Ol the llslkuns," us he
Came to ho culled by Ins admiring country -men,
was promoted to the full rank of Gener
al, mad" nut da cam," to tbe Emperor, and
decorated with the order ol Bt George.
Soon after this, lie wa appointed Governor
of Warsaw, and bis conduct In this position
has been such as to make tbe outside world
forget the military aehievemente that tirst
brought bim into prominence.
I rom a military ami political standpoint,
the goveinorsntp of Warsaw Is one of the
most important, if not the most important
olllce In the gilt ot th t ('ear. Within the ten
provinces of Russian Poland, there arc gar
rlsoned. In times of peace never less than
aoo.o'jo troops of ail ai ms, in this territory
are to be found sin t th-greatest fortresses
In the world. The largest und most famous
of theie is Ueogevosk, with 30.IKK) Soldiers
Within Its walls. This fortress ii at tbe point
of the wedge tliut looks on the map its If It
weiedrlven aggressively Into German Poland.
It certainly would be the fOOUB ol terrilic
work. In the event of a war between the rival
empires of the Slav and the Teuton.
The government of Bttsalan Poland is ren
dered'dinleult from Ihe fact that ihe nutlv. s
never have been, and proUibly never w ill lie
GXXKIlAL SuOBELEi;'
to rule, to determined, by an edict, to changj
the language and tho creed of the conquered.
Wall good reason, lb" outside world was
horrified, and the helpless Poles terrified anil
and astounded, when General Gourko, as
Governor of Warsaw. Issued an Order that
the Polish lunguuge should bit 110 longer
taught in any school, under his control.
With un assumption of authority, su?h us tu
most tyranical of the Ctars has never exceed
ed, be prohibited tbe prevailing Roman Cath
olic form of worship, and ordered the people
to atteud the Greek servic s. At the flm cry
of complaint from the Poles, who lovej tbeit
mother tongue aud the Church of their
j fathsrs, all the more for their political en
slavement. Gourko detailed bands of brutal
Cossacks, to cog iu "heretics into accept
ing the orthodoxy ot the Czar, who is at tho
head Ot the Greek Church,
Power in Gourko's bands was not permitted
to rest for want ot use, and be used it all tba
more freely, knowing that bis conduct ta.l
the full approval Ot bis royal master. While,
he was converting the Catholics by means of
tbe knout, he. at the same time, began uiose
repressive measures aguinst the Jews, that
forced them int 1 exile by the tens of thous
ands, and excited the indignation and horror
of every civilize ! lunj.
Broad-shouldered, deep chested, with a
military lieariog ami abjVe the average iu
height. General Gourko is an imposing fig
ure. Napoleon said. " if you scratch a Ru
siau you And a Tartar. " but there is no
Scratching necessary in the case of Gourko.
His fa"e is Mongolian in its cast, and even his
full gray lvurd cannot hide the high cheek
bones of the Kalmuk.
The Governor of Warsaw lives in royal
state, with all the palaws of the old Polish
kings nt bis service. In Warsaw the Vice
regal residence is the beautiful Castle, or
Zanek," once the abode of stainsiau Aueut .
the lost of Poland's Ill-starred king-. General
Gourko's wife is entirely worthy of him. A
native of Warsaw and of an ancestry not at
ull distinguished, this woman's head was
turned by the elevation and brilliancy of her
position, when she returned, after many
years, the wile of the Czar's representative.
While her husband hu - been relentless In th
enforcement of his own cruel edicts, thi
Countess has mad" hsrsall hated by the mote
tlmu royal arrogance she has displayed as c
social leader. While her husband was en
deavoring to crush out the Catholic ehurofa
and to make Polish u dead language, she. by
virtue of her prerogative, prohibited Polish
acton from playing In their native tongue
aud has barred the reproduction of Polish
plays.
Genera! Gourko nnd his wife are heartily
hated In Warsaw, not only by the Jews and
Poles, whom they have so cruelly persecuted,
but also by th- Russian ofll"in!s with whom
they are brought into contact. The Gener
al's illness is popularly attributed to poison
introduced into his food by a Polish cook.
The police evidently believe this, for many
people have been arrested, and an Investiga
tion was had, but without any result that
WOUld tend to confirm tb" suspicion.
Bo intensely Russian is General Gourk ,
that though a g 00 I 111
r'c
s
guisi,
it is difficult u
"Vjjsa""
tr. or rtssia.
ausxAxoia
get bim to use any but bis native tongue.
Be law b en described as "a sycophant to
his superiors, a traitor to his friends, and a
tyrant to his inferiors." but Ibis harsh judg
ment comes from Polish sources. U seouis
0 be certain, however, that ho knows not
policy but brute force, and recognizes no
right that is in it hacked by power. As it la
evident that General Ocurko Is a Russian
barbarian, born two ocnturles after bis time,
the world would have leii much happier had
lie not been U rn at all. C. D. K.
WHERE TITLES ARE CHEAP.
In Ilustia Every Owner of a Large Fleck of
Sheep is a e?rince.
The title t.f Prince in Russia pi to common
that it has little Significance. The bearers
01 the distinction, say-, a foreign journal, are
more numerous than " th e wenivrs o the Le
gion of Honor In 11 French cafe or Colonel Ik
the Southern states of America." The truth
ot this statement is lUuattated in a report in
the lust edition of the military gazette,
ffcjski fhnahd. it records iii" doatii of twelve
officers of the mllltla, of whom nine were,
princes.
" in the Caucasus," says the Journal "every
owner oi' a large Hock of sheep calls himself
'prince. All oi these sheop-prlnees are ad
dressed as 'highness,' the same aa the oldest
princely families. Many ancient Russian fami
lies, such as the hlaryaehktn, Wajeroloahskl,
etc.. entitled to the prefix prince before their
names, decline to uso it for fear of being con
founded with these apparent prinOSa, Repre
sentatives of these families are content will)
the use ot the coat-of-arms.''