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PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE CITY OF READING, BERKS COUNTY, PA.-TERMS: 81,50 A YEAR IT ADVANCE.
J. LXWRENCE'GETZ, EDITOR]
•lIBLISHED MOM SATIIIUNLY BLPRVIIHG.
offm le.-„lh-weit earn& of Penn and Filth street, ad
joining the Farmere Bank of Reading.
• - TERI'S OF SUBSCRIPTION.
51,50 a !par, payable in adarrnM.
1,0 0 for oix months, to advan
I ce.
To Cursa! FOOT cola 101 $3, E.
Ton coven for in,
ea- All paper* diSCOWIRICIft at the expiration of the
time/J:10/N%
HATES OF ADVERTISING IN THE GAZETTE.
It. at. Ism, 6mo. ly
ease, tsses ""."
)4 Sonars, lines, orleas, 50 50 73 2,00 3.6 l 3,00
• lO " 50 1,00 125 3,0 ) :Lao 5,00
20 " 1,00 0
2,00 2,50 5,00 5,00 i 3.0
1,50 2,0) 3,7:i 7,50 12.1.0 20,00
•
[Larger Advertisements in proportion.]
Ellecalers' and Administrators' &takes, a Insertions *l.OO
n; Botta.. and Legal Notices. 3 " 1,50
Audito
Special 'Notices, as reading matter, lo Ctn, a line for one
insertion.
Marriage notices 25 cents each. Deaths will lie
published grartutonel
air sit tlbitoary Node's, Resolution. of Beneficial and
other Private tostociatione, will be charged for, as adver
dements, at the above rates.
AP' Advertisement" for Religions. Charitable and Edo
wtioual ohjoets. one half the
NT all sdie , Whig will be considered , maids in cash,
on we drat iusertben.
Yearly advertiser. shall have the privilege (if desired)
of renew ing their advertieeweate every three weeks—but
n. 4 °lour. Any additional re ne wals. or advertising ex
ceeding the amount contracted for will be charged
adver-
extra
at one-halt the rates above specided for transient
tisements.
Yearly advertisers will be charged the same TM ee
Wendel.' advertisers for all matters not ranting strict/y
to their busistesB.
. .
PRINTING OF BERRY DESCRIPTION
Ea...sled In Al 'superior manner, at the very lomat prices.
Our sumo , Orient of JOE TITS is largo and nenbionalela, and
oar Work speaks for Welt:
BLANKS OF ALL KINDS,
includiug PAr.CIOILEUCT and YUMA DMA MORTUAGES,
DONAU.. Awnetze op AGICEIOtr-cf, LEAREAS, and a variety of
JINTICEI BLANK.% kept COuutuntly for lola, or printed to
order.
EDWARD H. SHEARER, •
TTORNEY AT LAW.-OFFICE. IN COURT
street, North aids Reading, Pa. (sprit 26-6 mo.
REMOVAL.
AITRALIAE LIVINGOOD, ATTORNEY AT
vy LAW, au removed hie Mem to the north side of
Court street drat door below Biztb. (dee 22-tf
ABNER IL STAI7FFER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW OFFICE, COURT
street, below Sixth, Herding, Pa. [april
JESSE G. HAWLEY,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
OFFICE WITH S. L. YOUNG, ESQ., PENN
guest above girth. Read ing, Pa.
Asir Will be at Friedenebarg, every Thursday.
gariamber 39, 185d-17* •
- -
Charles Davis,
k , TTORNET AT LAW—HAS REMOVED HIS
Office to the °Sloe lately occupied by the Hon. David
P. rdon, deruasad, in Sixth street, opposite the Court
House. Capri' 14
Daniel Drazeniront,
ATTORNEY AT LAW—OFFICE IN NORTH
Bath greet, corner or Court alley. [aug 13-17
David Ned,
untorzsATA AND RETAIL . DEALER IN
my Fortigq ped Domestic DRY GOODS, No. Ss Moe
eon street, Healing, Ps. Diesel 10, 1860.
LIVINCOOD'S
United States Bounty, Back Pay and
Pension Office,
WERT STREET, 11Tskle SIETE.
AVING BEEN ENGAGED IN COLLECT
ing claims against the Government, I feel confident
that all Who bare heretofore employed me will cheerfull,
endorse my promptness and fidelity. fily charged are
Moderate and no charge made until obtained_
WILLIAM LI. /AVINGOOD,
eel IS-tf] Attorney at Law, Genii st., heading, ea
NEMIEMI
DEALER IN FOREIGN AND AMERICAN
PRY GOODS, CARPETING% Ste., Wheless...le and Em
ail, at Philadelphia prim. Sign of she Ooldeu Bee Hive,
No. 14 peat Penn Scinare. [April 17—tf
P. Swaim% A Sons,
N I
I
AISTUFACTURERS OF BURNING FLUID,
absolute, Deodorized and Druggists' Alcohol; also,
e Oil, which they will sell at the lowest Wholesale
pricers at neadleg, V.
W Orders respectfully solicited.
DR. T. 'YARDLEY' BROWN,
SURGEON DENTIST. -
GRADUATE OF PENNSYLVANIA
Dental College. Teeth extracted hp Fran
i* g g Elects° Magnetic promo', with Clarke's
improvement. With this teethed teeth are
a-traded with much lees pain than the usual way. No
extra charge. Once in irifth street, opposite the Preabyte
nan iihurch. [april 2-1 y
Dr. fa. ur.. - ntruzirrn.
SURGEON DENTIST, FROM THE
• College of Dental Surgery, Philadelphia.
I ilia,
Mice: At his reeidence in Main street,
Hamburg, Pa.
air Teeth extracted under the Influence of Ether, or
by the Eleetro-SUguetie Machine, without extra charge.
&taffy cured.
WHe has also Patent and other MEDICINES for oat.,
at his office. (may 31
FALL AND WINTER
CLOT DING,
FOR MEN AND BOYS
IN GREAT VARIETY,
BOLD WIRY LOW Mr
JA_MESON & CO.,
Corner 6th and Penn.
sept 6
D. DISSLER
Iff AS CONSTANTLY ON HAND 4. LARGE
jr.i supply of Muslin.. Prints, Checks. Ticking% Sheet
ngs, Flannels, Crash, Toweling, &c., which will be told
atop. Aire 111 a coil before buying elsewhere.
Afloat 16
LAUER'S BREWERY
• READING, PA.
HE SUBSCRIBER respectfu ll y announces to
the public that he has recently enlarged his BREWE-
R to a considerable extent, and introduced steam-power,
nod IN now ready to supply all demands for
garrin.TOß imam statroluis
For borne and distant consumption. We stock 'of Malt
Liquors, warranted to keep in all climate& Is se follows:
BROWN STOUT. PORTER, BOTTLING ALB, DRAUGHT
ALE AND LAGER BEER.
junto 19-tf FREDERICK LAUER.
N.B.—Atiberal per eentage will be allowed to Agents
abroad.
THE -•GREAT POINT ATTAINED !! !
A NEW STYLE OF SHUTTLE
SEWING MACHINE ,
Q.O SIMPLE IN ITS CONSTRUCTION, LIGHT
ki to ran, and eary to learn, that any one can operate it
without instructions. Sews MUSLIMS and the heaviest
ARMY CD Villa olualty well.
A splendid Machine for Tailors, Vest And Pa n t makers,
Hat and Shoe Madera. &0., at the low price of S5O. A
Idler Machine than amp dhow in the market, at 167 5 . Call
cunt eree
G. W. GOODRICH,
Jan 2.1-tf] Noe. 3 and 5 Penn Square, Reading, Pa,
F. P. HELLER,
WATCHMAKER, JEWELER,
AND DEALER IN
W TCRES, CLOCKS, JEWE LB,
SPOONS, SPE(AACLES, GOLD PENS, &c.,
aignor the " BIG WATCH," No 53),1 Ea Penn
Street, above Sixth, north side : Itoading-
OW. Every article warranted to be what it Is sold for
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Ate., repaired with particolar
attention, and guaranteed. [fell I—tt
B. M. PETTENGELL & CO,
No. ST PASS BOW, NSW-TORE, & 6 STATE ST., BOSTON,
Are AReate for the Iloodirag Gazelle, In thou Mies. and
are sothorised to take Iduarthomssits and Subscriptions
he us at our established ratea
BALTIMORE LOCK HOSPITAL
jarEsTAol.lbliLD AS A REFUGE FEIOSI QUACKERY
The Only. Place Where a Cure Can be
Obtained.
TA R . JOHNSTON HAS DISCOVERED THE
Vinod Certain, Speedy and only Effectual Remedy in
the rt orld for all Private Ottawas, Weakness of the Rack
or Limbs, Strictures, /Incline of be Nidnoye and Blad
der. Involuntary Discharges. Impotency. Oeuerai
DeLilt
ty. 'Nervousness, Dyepemia Languorehbow Spirits, Confu
sion of Idea., Palpitation of the Ream 'timidity, Trembling.
!Menem' of Sight or Giddied's, Diem.e of the Head,
Throat. Nose or .kin. Affections of the Liver, Lunge,
Stomach or Bowels—those Terrible Disorders arising from
the Solitary Ifebite of Yonth—thdee soresr and eolitary
pranticee more &tat their victim* than the song 01 SYMMS
10 the Mariners of Ulysses, blighting their most brilliant
hopes or anticipations, rendering tontringe, &c.,impoeolble.
71'017N ' NEON
-Especially. whn have become the victims of So'ary Vice,
tints drcedful and destructive habil whieh annually sWeepi
to an untimely grieve thousands of Young 3les of the most
exalted talents nod brilliant intellect. who might other•
wise have tram nc-d listening Senates, with the thunders
of eloquence or waked to ecstasy the living lyre, may call
With fall Confidence.
- DfiARAZAGE.
Married Penton% or Young Men con?emplating
being aware of physical weak need, organic debility, defer-
Midge, epeedi ly cured.
lie who places 'himself under the care of Dr. S. may en-
Batumi!) , confide in bin honor as a gentleman, and confi
dently rely upon his okill as a Physician.
OILGANIC Wan NESS
Immediately Cared, and lull Visor Restored.
TMr ltistreseinc aßeerion—which random Life miserable
and marriage impossible—lt tbe penalty paid by the vic
tims of improper indulgences. Trung persons are too apt
to commit excesses from not being aware of the dreadful
consequences that may ensue. Now, who that understands
the subject wilt pretend to deny that the power of.procrea
tion is lost sooner by Moue falling into improper habits
than by the prudent? lienides being deprived the pleas
ure of healthy sawing, the moat serious and destructive
symptoms to both hotly and mind arise. The system be
comes Deranged, the Physical and Mental Functions
Weakened, Leas of Procreative Power, Nerveas
Irriarbiil
ity, Dyspepsia, Palpitation of the Deem Indigestion. Con
stitutional Debility, a Wasting of the Frame, Cough, Con
eumption, Decay end Death.
OißoegNo. 7 South Frederick Street.
Left baud side going from Baltimore street. a few doom
from the corner. Fail not to observe name and number.
Letters meet be paid and &rotate a stamp The Doctor's
Diplomas bang in his office. •
01/1111 ISTARILANTEID IN
•
TWO DAYS.
Xo Yeretsi•V or Nauseous Drugs.
.
DR. ITOZINSTON.
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, gradu
ate from one of the' MUM eminent Colleges in the Milted
States. and the greater part of Whom lite has been spent in
the hospitals of London. Paris, Philadelphia and else
where, has effected some of the most adornishieg cures that
were ever known; many troubled with ringing in the head
and ears when asleep, great nervousness, being alarmed at
sudden naiads, bashfulness, with frequent blushing, at
tended sou/mimeo with - derangement of mind, were cared
immediately.
MAZE PARTICULAR =TIC=
Dr..l. addresses all those who have injured themselves
by improper indulgence and solitary habits which ruin
both body and mind, unfitting them for either business,
study, eociety or marriage.
Watt aril some of the sad and melancholy Moto MI/M
-ed by early babies of ) Guth, •ia Weakness °fans Back and
Limb., Pains in the-Head, Dimness of Sight, Lois or mus
cular Power, Palpitation of the Heart, Diepepsy. Nervous
I rritability, Derangement of the Digeetive Functions, Gen
eral Debility, Symptoms of Consumption, &e.
Matersm.s.—The fearful effects on the mind are much to
be dreadvd—Lose of Memory, Confusion of Ideas, Deere.
sion of Spirit*, Evil Forebodings, Aversion to Sella". Self-
Distrust, Love of Solitude, Timidity, &c., are *Mile of the
evils produced.
Toorsmins of persons of all ages can now judge .bat is
the cause of their d. dining ha ith, losing their vigor. be.
coming weak, pale, nervous and emaciated, baring a sin
gular appearance about the eyes, cough and symptoms of
consumption.
Tome MEN
Who have injured themselves by a certain practice indul
ged in when alone, a habit frequently learned from evil
companions, or at school, the efiSas of which are nightly
felt, even when asleep, and if not cared renders marriage
impossible, and destroys both mind and body, should ap
ply immediately.
what v pity that a young man, the hope of his country,
the dolling of his parents, should be snatched from all
prospects and'eajoyments of life, by, the cousecpWsitit 'of
deviating fromthe path of nature and indulging in a. va
leta acre; Stoll persons stew; bolero contemplat
ing• . . sees.
LIARRIAGLF
effect that a nomad mind and budy are the most tisesernry
requisites to promote connubial happiness. Indeed. with
out these the journey through life becomes a weary pil
grimage; the. prospect howl. darkens to the view; the
mibd becomes shadowed with despair and filed with the
melancholy refection the. the happiness of another be
comes blighted with oar Own.
DISMAL= or ZIPILraviiENcE.
When the misguided and imprudent votary of pleaenre
finds that he has imbibed the seeds of this painful disease,
it too often happens that an ill-timed sense of shame, or
dread of discovery, detershim from applying to those who,
from education and respectability, can alone befriend him,
delaying till Unconstitutional symptoms of this horrid dis
ease make their appearance, such as ulcerated sore throat,
diseased neck Loetnrnal mina in the bead and limb* dila -
LIM of eight, draftees, sods on toe shin-bones and Rime,
Nolan?+ on the head, face and extremities, progressing
with frightful rapidity, till at last the palate of the month
or the home of the nose fall in, and the victim of thin aw
fin disease becomes a horrid object of c••mmiseration, till
death pots a'Perlod to his dreadful enitertngs, by sending
him to that Undlecovered Country from whence no trav
eller returns."
"[mares 12
. . . .
It is a melancholy fact that thousands fall victims to
this terrible disease, owing to the onskiafnlness of ignor
ant pretenders, who. by the non of that Deadly Poison.
Mercury, ruin the constitution bad make the residue or
lite miserable.
. .•
STRANGERS . •
Trust not your lie., or health, to the care of many Un
learned and worthless Pretenders, destitute of knowledge.
name or character, who copy Dr. Johnaton's advertlee•
meta., or style themselves, iu the newspapers, regularly
Educated Physicians, incapableof Curing, they keep you
trifling month after mouth taking heir filthy and poison
onacomponade, or as lung as the smallest lee can he ob
tained, and iu despair, leave you with ruined health to
sigh over your own galling Oimappoirament.
Dr. Janson is the only Physicia3a advertising.
His credentials or diplomas always hang in his office.
His remedies or treatment are unknown to all others,
prepared from a life spent in the great hospitals of Europe,
the first in the country and a more extensive Private Prac
tice than any other t'hysician in the world.
INDORSIIDIENT TUN
P/A311115.
The many thousands cured at this institution year after
year, and the numerous Important Surgical Operations
performed by Dr. Johnston, witnessed by the reporters of
the "Sun," "Clipper." and many other papers, notices of
which have appeared again and again before the public,
besides his standing as a gentleman of character and re.
sponsibility, is a otrinciont guarantee to thetiniklad.
Skin Diseases Speedily Cared.
rr Bo letters received noises postpaid and containing
a stamp to be need on the reply. Persons writing should
state age, and send portion of advertisement describing
symptoms.
joss 30232irSTOZW. DX,. D.,
or the tralstwoco Look itoonitol. naltitattra, Maryland.
may 10-1 y)
STRICKLAND & BROTHER,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS,
23 AS PENN 13112223%
ittEAD INI G,. PA. •
A LARGE AND WELL SELECTED STOCK
L - 1 . of
School, Miscellaneous and Blank
411011 iIED MAL ME tip
PRAYER BOOKS,
-ENGLISH AND GERMAN 13113 LES AND
HYMN BOOKS,
PERIODICALS,
MUSIC and MUSIC BOORS,
COLD PENS FANCY ARTICLES,
NOTE, LETTER. CAP and
.PIRNTINC PAPER and PAPER BAGS,
'MANIC BOONCEI
•
'MERCHANTS' ACCOUNT BOOKS
Made to order - Churches and tiabbath actionit; supplied
with Tract Society and Sunday School Union publicatione,
at catalogne prices.
sir Orders from Country 'Merchants solicited and filled
promptly at the lowest wholesale prices.
gar- Teachers supplied with Music at the weal discount.
B —BOOkii mad Music neat by mail postage paid. on
receipt of Publishers' Prices. jau 18-tf
DR. D. LLEWELLYN BEAVER,
United Staten Pension Sorge.,
XAMINATIONS OF INVALID PENSION
ERSS and apptleanta for Pensions, from any State. an d
of both the Artny and Navy, made at the corner of Fifth sod
Walnut &Mei, Evading. •ift*" Unice bourn—from 12 to 2
P. Dec, 20-3in0.1
WTCII ES, GOLD •ND SILVER,
CLOCKS AND JEWELRY.
RELIABLE 1N QUALITY AND AT LOW
la
Prim, WATC.11118P•1111140 —WltteseP 'Mt SD ',ar
rant order end every one warranted for one year.
JACOB LEJLtg.N.
nor 15-61 no) 21 North Fifth Street, Scaling, Pe..
SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 24,
festru.
THE RECRUIT.
[FROM THE UARIVIAN.I
My lover. to the field of strife.
•Far from bin home and me,
Has gone to basard dearest life
For law and liberty.
Oh, brilliant in his soldier dress,
But with a falling tear,
Ma be receive my lea caves,
• And to the field repair.
The drums beat in the village road,
The troop marched gaily by,
Bet mid the =lade, :thrill and load,
Wee heard a wailing cl 7.
I, bitting et my window low,
A nosegay in my band,
Watobed silently the gallant show
Binds by the marching band.
And when my treaore onward came,
Oh how my heart did loop!
He proudly marched, as sore of fame
What could I do- but weep ?
Oh God! what were my feelings then!
How heavy was my heart!
I threw a aria of Laurel green,
As farewell on tny part.
lie could not atop to pick it up,
The train quick bore bum on;
Crashed in the duet lay my laei hope,
When all had paes.ed and gone.
But, if he missed my offered spray.
Set still my heart he bath:
Which beats for him, now far away,
With love and treating faith.
2==ll
A WINTER PICTURE.
The snow, thick fallen in the silent night, •
Rath laden every branch, and every leaf
Droops with its dazzling weight. The fragile birch,
Its thready branches thickened with its load,
Strangely contrasts with yonder amoeba,
That bends beneath the agglomerated rases
Resting upon Its leaves. The towering plane,
Its whitened tassels hanging in the sky,
Surmounts the wondrous scene. Each shrub and tree
Stands out in strangest Individuality
Beneath its snowy pall. White blotchy lumps
Mark the broad evergreen., slim thready lines
The broom and eeter. Beauteously grotesque
Looks the gaunt cedar, a long snowy layer
Glittering on every horizontal bough,
Like a colossal feather, cut in atone
By noose hold mentor-Land. The gliAtening lawn
•
.Is searcell marked by footprint of a bird,
The hidden garden path bath not a stain ;
Each flow'ret hath its coronet of snow,
'And not a thing so vulgar or en mean
But dons on ermined rube. Tree. shrub and flower
Stand In white livery out upon the eye,
Like corns height dream. That old familiar chime
A narrower circle seems to nil ; the ecene •
Seems vital:tad and collapsed, and nearer drawn
The once far-off horisen. that dotal hold,
AS With a spell, a strangely silent world.
fotittraa.
THE riEgg..t.uoN AND THE WAR,
SPEECH BY HR.-YALLANDIGHAM,
OF OEIIO
Za the /Meese of Representatives.
JANUARV 14, 1863
kit.. SPEAKER: Indqrsed at the recent election
within the same district for which I still bold a
seat on.this fiver, by a majority four times greet
er than ever before, I speak to-day in the name
and by the authority of the people who, - for six
years, have intrusted me with the office of a Re
presentative. Loyal, In the true and highest
sense of the world, to the Constitution and the
Union, they have proved themselves devotedly
attached to and worthy of the liberties to oscura
which the Union and the Constitution were
established. With candor and freedom, there
fore, as their Representative, and with much
plainness of speech, but with the figuity and
decency due to this presence, I propose to eon
Hider the STATE OF TOP. UNION to day, and to
inquire what the duty is. oft every public man
and every citizen in this the very crisis of the
Great Revolution.
It is now two years, since Congress assembled
soon after the Presidcmial election A sectional
anti slavery party had just succeeded through
the forms of the Constitution. For the first time
a President had been chosen upon a platform of
avowed hostility to au institution peculiar to
nearly one-half , of the States of the Union, and
who had himself proclaimed that there was au
irrepressible conflict because of that institution
between the States; and that the Union could
not endure "part slave and part free." Congress
met., therefore, iu the midst, of the profoundest
agitation, not here only but throughout the entire
South.' .Revulution glared upon us. Repeated
efforts for conciliation and compromise were
attempted in Congress and out of it. AU were
rejected by the party just coming into power,
except only the promise in the last hour of the
session, and that, too, against the consent of a
majority of that party both in the Senate and
House; that Congress—not the Executive—
should never be authorized to abolish or interfere
with slavery in the Slates where it existed.
South &reline seceded ; Georgia, Alabama,
Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas speed
ily followed. The confederate government was
established. The other stave States held beck.
Virginia demanded a peace congress. The com
missioners met, and, after some time, agreed
upon terms of final adjustment. But neither in
the Senate nor the House were thefallowed even
a respectful consideration. The President elect
left his home in February, and journeyed towards
this capital, jesting as he came; proclaiming
that the crisis was only artificial, and that ',no
body was hurt." lie entered this city under
cover of night and in disguise. On the 4th of
March be was inaugurated, surrounded by Pot
tliery ; and, swearing to sur port the Constitution
of the United Stater), announced in the same
breath that the platform of Lis party should be
the law unto hint. From that moment all hope
of peaceable adjustmeut fled. But for a little
while, either with unsteadlast sincerity or in
premeditated deceit, the policy of peace was
proclaimed, even to the evacuation of Sumter
and the other Federal torts and arsenals in the
seceded States. Why that policy was suddenly
abandoned, time will billy disclose. But just
after the spring elections, and he secret meeting
in this city of the Governors of several northern
aid western States, a Met carrying a large num
her of men was sent down ostensibly to prevision
Port Sumter. The authorities of South Carolina
I eagerly accepted the challenge, nisi bombarded
the fort. into surrender, while the fleet tired not.
a gun, but, just so soon as the flag was struck,
bore away and returned to the North. It was
Sunday, the 14th of April, 18G1 ;"end that day
the President., in fatal haste and without the
advice or consent of Congress, issued his proela
mation, dated the next day, calling out seventy
five thousand militia fur three months, to repos
sess the forts, places, and property seized Iron]
the United States, and cumin:trifling the insur
gents to disperse in twenty days. Again the
gage was taken up by the south, and thus the
dames of a civil war, the grandest, bloodiest, and
tiaddeel ill history, lighted up the whole heavens.
Virginia forthwith seceded North Carolina,
Tennessee, and Arkansas followed ; Delaware,
Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri were in a
blaze of agitation, and within a week from the
proclamation, the line of the confederate States
Was transfeired from the cotton States to the
Potomac, and almost to the Ohio and the Misr
south and their population and fighting men
doubled.
In the North awl West, too, the storm raged
With the fury cf n hurricane. Never in history
was anything equal to It. Men, women, and
ohildren, native and foreign born, Church and
State. clergy and laymen, were all swept along
with the current. Distinction of age. sex, sta
tion, party, perished in an instant. Thousands
bent. before the tempest; and here and there
only was one found bold enough, foolhardy
enough it may have beeri, to bend not, and upon
hint it fell as a consuming fire. The spirit of
persecution for opinion's sake, almost extinct in
the Old World, nuw, some mysterious trans
migration, appeared incarnate in the New. Social
relations were dissolved ; frierotrhips broken up;
the ties of family and kindred snapped asunder.
Stripes nod banging were every where threaten
ed, sometimes executed. Assassination was in
yoked; slander sharpened his tooth ; falsehood
crushed truth to the earth ; reason fled ; madness
reigned. Not justice only escaped to the skies,
bat pence returned to the bosom of God, whence
she came. The gospel of love perished; hate
sat. enthroned, and the sacrifices of blood smoked
upon every altar.
But the reign of the mob was inaugurated only
to be supplanted by the iron domination of
arbitrary power. Constitutional limitation was
broken down ; habeas corpus fell ; liberty of the
press, of speech, of the person, of mails, of travel,
of one's own house, and of religion; the right to
hear arms, due process of low. judicial trial, trial
by jury, trial at all; every badge and muniment
of freedom in republican government or kingly
government—all went down at a blow ; the chief
law °lnter of the crown-1 hog pardon, sir, but
it is easy to. tall into this courtly language—the
Attorney General, first of all meniroclaimed in
the United States the maxim of Ro an servility:
Whatever pleases the President, that is late I Pris
oners of State were then first heard of here.
Midnight and arbitrary arrests commenced ;
travel was interdicted ; trade embargoed ,• pans
ports demanded; hostiles were introduced;
"piping" began; informers multiplied; spies
now first appeared in America. The right to de
clare war, to raise and support armies, and to
provide and maintain n navy was usurped by the
Esenutive and in a little more than two months
lend and naval force of over three hundred
thousand men was in the field or upon the sea.
Au army of public plunderers followed, and cor
ruption struggled with power in friendly strife
for the plastery at home.
On the 4;h of July Congress met, not to Reek
peace; not to rebuke usurpation nor to restrain
power; not certainly to deliberate; not even to
legislate, hut to register and ratify the edicts
and acts of the Executive ; and in your language,
sir, upon the first day of the session, to invoke a
universal baptism of fire and blood amid the
roar of cannon and the din of battle. Free speech
was had only at the risk of a prison; possibly of
life. Opposition was. silenced by the fierce
clamor of "disloyalty." All husinesa not of war
was voted out of order. Five hundred thousand
men, an immense navy, and two hundred and
fifty millions of money were speedily granted.
In twenty,- at most in sixty days, the rebellion
was to he crushed out. To doubt it. WAS treason.
Abject. submission was demanded. Lay down
yoti^ arms, sue for peace. surrender your leaders
—forfeiture, death—this wets the only language
heard on this floor. The galleries responded;
the corridors echoed ; and contractors and place
teen and other venal patriots everywhere gnash-
ed upon the friends of peace as they passed by
Itl lire weeks meventy-eieltt public and private
acts and joifirresalntion`P aril declartifitry revs
lotions, in the Senate and !louse, quite as nu
merous. all fall of slanglner. were hurried
through without delay and almost withuut de—
b te.
Thus was cern WAIL inaugurated in America.
Can any man to-day see the end of it
And now pardon me. sir. if I pause here a
moment to define my own position at this time
upon this great question
Sir, I am one of that number who have opposed
abolitionium, or the political development of the
anti-slavery sentiment of the North and West.
from the .heginuing. In school,.at college, at
the bar, in public assemblies, in the Legislature,
in Congress, briy and man. as a private citizen
and in public life, in time of peace anti in time of
war, at all times and at every sacrifice, I have
fought against it. It era ma ten years' eillltaiOn
from office and honor, at that period of life when
honors are sweetest. No matter I learned early
to do right and to wait.. Sir, it is but the devel
apment of the spirit of intermeddliug, whose
children are strife and murder. Cain troubled
himself about the sacrifices of Abel, and stew
hint. Most of the wars, contentions, litigation.
and bloodshed, from the hes..inning, of time, have
been its fruits. The spirit of non interventior, is
the very spirit of peace and concord. I do not
helleve that if slavery had never existed here we
would have had no sectional controversies. This
very civil war might have happened fifty, perhaps
a hundred years later. Other and stronger causes
of discontent and of disunion, it may be; have
existed between other States and sections, and
aro now being developed every day into maturity
The spirit or intervention assumed the form of
abolitionism because slavery was odious in name
and by association to the northern mind, and
hecause it was that which most obviously
marks the different civilizations of the two sec—
tions. .The south herself, in her early and later
effori a to rid horaelf of it, had exposed the weak
and offensive parts of slavery to the world. Abo- I read the President's proclamation, and become
lition intermeddling taught her at last to search convinced that I had been wrong all my life, and
for and defend the assumed social, economic, that all history was a fable, and all human na
and political merit and value of the institution. tore false in its development from the beginning
But there never was an hour from the beginning of time, I would have changed my public conduct
when it did not seen, to me as cleateas the sun at also. But my COnViOtiollB did not change. I
broad noon. that the agitation in any form in the thought that if war was disunion on the 14th of
North and West of the slavery question must April, it was equally disunion on the 15th, and
sooner or later 'end in disunion and civil war. at all times. Believing this, I could not, as an
This was the opinion and prediction for years of honest man, a Union mat and a patriot, lend an
Whig and Democratic statesmen alike ; and after active support to the war ; I did not. I had
the unfortunate dissolution of the Whig party in rather my right arm were plucked from its sock
-11354, and the organization of the present Repub- et, and cast into the eternal burnings, than, with
Bean party upon an exclusively anti slavery and my convictions, to have thus defiled my soul
eectional basis, the event was inevitable; because with the guilt of moral perjury Sir, I was not
in the then existing temper of the public mind, taught in that school which proclaims that "all
and after the education through the press and by is fair in politics." 1 loathe, abhor, and detest
the pulpit. the lecture and the political Canvass, the execrable maxim. I stamp upon it. No State
for twenty years, of a generation taught to hate can endure a single generation whose public
t.litvery and the South, the success of that par men practice it. Whoever teaches it ie.& cor
ty, possessed, as it was, of every engine of rupter of youth. What we most want in these
political, business, social, and religious in- times, and at all times, is honest and indepen
fluence, was certain. It was only a question dent public men. That man who is dishonest in
of time, and short time. Such was its politics is not honest, at heart, in anything ; and
strength, indeed, (lint 1 . do not believe that the sometimes moral
to
God, cowsrd and
cowardice i s
Truth,nti
dishonesty.a theDo
Union of the Democratic party 18C0 on any right.; and trust
candidete, even though he had
.been supported People. Perish office, perish Imams, perish life
also by the entire Flo-celled conservative or anti itself; but do tile thing that is right, and do it
Lincoln vote of the country, would have availed like a men. I did it. Certainly, sir, I could
to defeat it ; and 'if it had, the success of the not doubt, what ealfee who dare defy the
party would only have been postponed opinions and the pa,sions, not to say the mad
four years longer. The di-ease had fastened too ctes, of twetdi people. Had i not read
strongly upon the system to be healed no it it history ? Did I tau heetv human nature? But I
had run its course. The doctrine of the " irre- appealed to Tl.llll, and right nobly hath the
preesible conflict" had heen taught too long and Avenger answered me.
accepted too widely and earnestly to slio out, until I did not support the war and to-day I bless
it Should culminate in 811CeP11101E1 end disunion Cod that. not the smell or No much its one drop of
and, if coercion were resorted to, then in civil its blood is upon my germents Sir, I censure
war. I believed from the first that it, was the no brave 1110111 who rushed patriotically into this
purpose of some of the apostles of that doctrine war; neither will 1 quarrel with any one, here
to force a collision between the Berth and the or elsewhere, who gave to it an honest support.
South, either to bring about a separation or to Had their convictions been mine, 1. too, would
tint a vain but bloody pretext fur itimlishing doubtless have done as they did. With my con
slavery in the State,+. In any event, I know. nr vie:ions I could not. hut was a Represenretive.
thought I knew, that the end was certain colli- War eXilllllll-1).7 whose act no matter—not urine
sion. and death to the Union. Tate President, the Senate. the Reuse, Had the
ltelievint• thud, 1 have for years past, dennonc country. till said that there should he war—war
Cd those who ti uvitt that o .otrine wit , all the for the U11:011; is union of coneent a nd go o d will.
vehemence., the bitterns,, if you choose—.l Our &mourn brethren were to be whipped hack
thought. it. a righteous, a patriotic bitterness—of into love and fellowship at. the point. of the Nu
nn earnest and impassioned nature Thinking once Oh, monstrous delusion! I can compre
thus. I forewarned all who believed the doctrine, I bend a war to compel a people to accept a MAR
or followed the party which taught it, with a i ter; to change a form of government ; to give up
sincerity and a depth o f conviction as profound I territory ; to abolish a domestic institution—in
so ever penetrated the heart of men. And when. i short, a war of conquest and subjugation ; but a
for eight years past., over mad over again, I have I war for Union l Was the Union thus made?
proclaimed to the people that the success of a Was it ever thus preserved? Sir, history will
eectionel anti slavery party would be the begin- matt! that after nearly six thousand years of
nine, of disunion and civil war in America, I he- folly and wickedness in every form and adminis
lieved it. I did. I had reed history, and studied !ration of government., theocratic. democratic,
human nature, and meditated for years upon the monarchic, oligarchic, despotic, and mixed, it
863.
character of our insiiitlliOnSt and form of govern
merit. and of (he people South as well as North ;
and I could not doubt. the event. But. thepeople
did not believe me, nor those older and wiser
anti greater than I They rejected the prophecy.
and stoned the prophets The candidate of the
Republican party was chosen President. Seces
sion began. Civil war was imminent. It was
no petty insurrection ; no temporary combination
to
.obstruct the execution of the laws in certain
States ; but a iterommon, systematic, deliberate,
determined, and with the consent of a majority
of the people of etch State which seceded.
Causeless it may have been ; wicked it. may have
been: but there it. was; not to be railed at, still
less to be toughed et, but, to be dealt with by
statesmen as a fact. No display of vigor or force
alone. however sudden or great. could he.ve ar
rested it. even at- the outset. it wise disunion at.
last. The wolf had come. But civil war had
not yet followed. In my deliberate and most
solemn judgment., there was but one wise and
masterly mode of dealing with it.. Non coercion
would avert. civil war, and compromise crush out
both abolitionism and secession. The parent
and the child would thus both perish. But a re
sort to force would at once precipitate war, has
ten secession, extend disunion, end, while it
lasted, utterly cut off all hope of compromise. I
believed that war, if long enough continued.
would be final, eternal disunion. I said it; I
meant it; and. accordingly, to the utmost of my
ability and influence, I exerted myself in behalf
of the policy of non-coercion. It was adopted
by Ur. Buchanan's Administration, with the
almost unanimous consent of the Democratic and
constitutional Union parties in and out of Con
gress; end. in February, with the concurrence
of a majority of the Ilepnblican party in the
Senate anti this House. But that. party, most
disastrously for the country, refused all com
promise. How, indeed, could they accept. any?
That which the South demanded and the Demo
cratic: and consetvative parties of the North and
West were willing to grant, and which 1110T.0
could avail to keep the peace and save the Union.
implied a surrender of the sole vital element of
the party and its platform-It-of the very princi
ple, in fact, upon which it had, ust won the con
test for the Presidency; not, indeed, by a major.
ity of the popular vote—the majority was nearly
a million against it—but under the forms of the
Constitution. Sir, the crime, the "high crime"
of the Republican party was not so much its re
fusal to compromise, as its original organization
upon a basis and doctrine wholly inconsistent
with the stability of the Constitution and the
pence of the Union.
But to resume: the session of Congress ex
pired. The President elect was inaugurated ;
and now, if only the policy of non-coercion could
be maintained. and war thus averted, time would
do its work in the North and in the South, and
final peaceable adjustment and reunion be se.
cured. Some time in March it was announced
that the President had resolved to continue the
policy of his predecessor, and even to go a step
further, and evacuate Shamter and the other Fed
eral forts and arsenals in the seceded States,
His own party acquiesced; the whole country
rejoiced. The policy of non-coercion had tri_
umphed,. end for once, sir, in my life I found
myself in-att jmmet.sc majority. No man then
pretended that a Union founded in consent could
be cemented by force. Nay, more. the President
and Secretary of State went forth, r. Said Mr.
Seward, in an official diplomatic letter to Mr.
Adams:
" For these reasons he {the PreLWest] would not bo dis
posed Or 1,11313. »cardir,l , olona.of ,Ilrn
ISIS I aarbelY, that the Federal Governun•at could not
reduce the seceding States to °bedlam:o by convent, al
though he were diqukted cont.:lion tbst proposition Rat
in feel the Preeklent atneyl., it Co tree. Only
an imperial or li.Ardie GM:era)), Ott V 0 ,114 soltiagate
thoroughly diBoffeet.4 and imurreetionary member. of
the Slate."
Pardon me. air. but T bog to know whether
this conviction of the President, and his Seere
ihry, is not the philosophy of the perristent, anti
niost vigorous efforts •made by this Administra
lion, and first of all through this same. Secretary,
the moment war broke out. and ever since till the
hale elections, to convert. the United States into
an imperial and despotic Government? But lir.
Seward adds, and I agree with him:
"This Federal Republican system of oars le, of all forma
of government, the very one which to most unfitted for
ouch a labor."
This, sir, was tin the 10th of April, and yet
that very day the fleet was under sail for Charles
ton. The policy of peace had been abandoned.
Collision followed ; the militia were ordered out,;
the civil war began.
Now, sir, on the 1441 of April, I believed that
anorelon would bring on war, and war disunion.
More than that., I believed, what yen all in your
hearts believe to day, that the South could never
he conquered—never. And not that only, but
I was satisfied—and_ you of the abolition party
have now proved it to the world—that the secret
but real purpose of the war was to abolish sla-
very in the States. In any event, I did not doubt
that whatever might be the momentary impulees
of those in power, and whatever pledges they
might make in the midst of the fury for the
Constitution, the Union, and the flag, yet the
natural and inexorable logic of revolutions would.
sonnet or later, drive them into that policy, and
with it to its final but inevitable result, the
change of our present democratical form of goy
ernment into an imperial desp.,tism.
These were my convictions on the 14th of
April. Bed I changed them on the loth, when
[VOL. XX11.1.-NO. 40.-WHOLE NO. 1989.
was resers-ed to Aniericin statesmanship in the
nineteenth century of the Christian era to try
the grand experiment on a scale the most costly
and gigantic in its proportions, of creating love
by force, and developing fraternal affection by
war ; and history will record, too, on the same
page, the utter, disastrous, anti most bloody fail
ure of the experiment.
. But to return : the country was at war; and I
belonged to that school of politics which teaches
that when we are at war, the Government—l do
not mean the Executive alone, but the Govern
ment—is entitled to demand and have, without
resistance, such number of men, and such amount
of money and supplies generally, as may be ne
cessary for the war, until an appeal can be had
to the people. Before that tribunal alone, in the
first instance, must. the question of the continu
ance of the war be tried. This was Mr. Cal
houn's opini3a, and he laid it down very broadly
and strongly in a speech on the loan bill, in 1841.
Speaking of supplies, he said:
" I bold that there is a distinction in this respectbetween
a state of peace and war. In the latter, the right of with
holdlrg supplies ought ever to he hold subordinate to the
energetic and successful prosecution of the war. Ico fur
ther, and regard the withholding eupplies, with a view of
forcing the country Info a dishoniartibte peace, as not only
to he what it hag been called. moral treason. bat very little
short of actual treason itself."
Upon this principle, sir, he acted afterwards
in the Mexican war. Speaking of that war in
1847, he said
"Every Senator knows that I was opposed to t h o war
but none known bat myself the depth of that opposition.
With my conception cf ice eta racier and consequences, it
was IMpoueildu for me to vote fur it.
And again, in 1848 :
"But, after the mar was declared, by antherity of the
Govuromeot. l acyacietwcd in what r could not nret,:nt,
and Which it ;vat iniponrible jilt me to (Meg ; awl I Wen
fell it to he my duly to limit my efforts to OM such di.
recifon to Use War us would, ar;f:r co possible, premed the
milt and dangers with which it threatened the country
and its inettlatinnw"
Sir, l adopt all this. as my own position and
my defence; though, perhaps, in a civil war, I
might fairly go further in opposition. I could
not, with my convictions, vote men and money
for this war, and I would not, as a Represeuta
Live, vote against them. I meant that, without
opposition, the President might take all the men
and all the money he should demand, and then
to hold him to a strict accountability before the
people for the results. Not believing the soldiers
responsible for the war, or its purposes, or its
consequences, I have never withheld my vote
where their separate interests' were concerned.
But I have denounced from the beginning the
usurpations and the infractions, one and all, of
law and Constitution, by the President and those
under him; their repeated and persistent ar
bitrary arrests, the suspension of habeas corpus,
the violation of freedom of the mails, of the pri
vate house, of the press and of speech, and all
the other multiplied wrongs and outrages upon
public liberty and private eight, which have
made this country one of the worst despotisms on
earth for the past twenty months ; and I will
continue to rebuke and denounce them to the
end ; and the people, thank God, have at last
heard and heeded, and rehuked them, too. To
the record and to time I appeal again for my
justification.
And now, sir, I recur to the state of the Union
to- day. What is it? Sir, twenty months have
elapsed, but the rebellion is not crushed out; its
military power has not been broken ; the insur
gente have tint dispormed. The Union is not re
stored; nor the Constitution maintained ; nor
the laws enforced. Twenty, sixty, ninety, three
hundred, six hundred days have passed ; a thous
and millions been expended ; and thfee hundred
thousand tires lost or bodies mangled; and to
day the confederate flag is still near the Potomac
and the Uhio, and the confederate government
airong.•r, many times, than at the beginning.
Nut a State has been restored, not army pert. of
any B:s.to has v.Anuturily returned to the Union .
And has anything been wanting that Congress,
or the States, or the people in their most genes
cue enthusiasm, their moat impassioned patriot
ism, could bestow? Was it power? And did not
the party of the executive control the entire
Federal Government, every State government.
every county, every city, town and village in the
North and West? Was it patronage? All be
longed to it. Was it influence? What more?
Did not the school, the college, the church, the
press. the secret orders, the municipality, the
corporation, railroads, telegraphs, express com
panics, the voluntary association, till, all yield it
to the utmost? Was it unanimity? 'Never was
an Administration so supported in England or
America. Five men and half a score of news
papers made up the opposition. Was it enthu
siasm? The enthusiasm was fanatical. There
has been nothing like it since the Crusades. Was
it:confidence? Sir, the faith of the people ex—
ceeded that of the patriarch. They gave up
Constitution, law, right, liberty, all at, your de
mand for arbitrary power that the rebellion
might, as you promised, be crushed out in three
months and Inc Union restored. Was credit
needed ? You took control of a country, young.
vigorous arid inexhaustible in wealth and re
sources. and of a Government. almost free from
public debt, and whose good faith had never been
trarniahed. Your great national loan bubble fail
ed miserably, as it deserved to fail ; but the
bankers and merchants of Philadelphia, New-
York, and Boston lent you more than their entire
banking capital. And when that failed too, you
forced credit by declaring your paper promises
to pay, a legal tender for all debts. Was money
wanted ? You had all the revenues of the United
States, diminished indeed, but Will in gold. The
whole wealth of the country, to the last dollar,
lay at your feet. Private individuals, municipal
corporations, the State governments, all in their
frenzy gave you. money or means with reckless
prodigality. The great eastern cities lent you
$160,000.000. Congress voted, first, the sum of
$250,000,000, and next $500,000.000 more in
loans ; and then, first, $50,000,000, then $lO,-
000.000, next $90,000,000, and, in July last,
$150,000,000 in Treasury notes; and the Secre
tary has issued also a " paper postage currency,"
in sums as IoW as five cents, limited in amount
only by his discretion. Nay more, already since
the 4th ofJuly, 1861, this House has appropri
ated $2,000,000,000, almost every dollar without
debate, and without a recorded vote. A. thous
and millions have been expended since the 15th
of April, 1861 ; and a public debt or liability of
$1,500,000,000 already incurred. And to sup
port all this stupendous outlay and indebtedness,
a system of taxation, direct and indirect, has
been inaugurated, the most onerous and unjust
ever imposed upon any but a conquered people.
Money and credit, then, you have had in prod
igal profusion. And were men wanted? More
than a million rushed to arms! Seventy-five
thousand first, (and the country stood aghast at
the multitude.) then eighty-three thousand more
were demanded; and three hundred and ten
thousand responded to the call. The President
next asked for four hundred thousand, and Con
gress, in its generous confidence, gave him five
hundred thousand; and, not. to he outdone, he
took six hundred and thirty-seven thousand.
Half of these melted away in their first cam
paign; and the President demanded three hun
dred thousand more for the war, and then drafted
yet another three hundred thousand for nine
months , . The fabled hosts of Xerxes have been
outnumbered. And yet viel cry strangely follows
the standards of the foe. From Ilreat, Bethel to
Vicki-burg,. the battle has nut been to the strong.
Yet every d'e•anter, except the lest. has been fol
lowed by a call for more troops.. and every time
so far they have been promptly furnished. From
the beginning the war had been conducted like
political e:trepeign. and it hes been the folly of
the party in power that they have assumed that
numbers alone would win the field in a contest
not with ballots but- with musket and sword.
But numbers you have hail almost without num
ber—the largest, hest appointed, beet armed, fed,
and clad host of brave men, well organized and
well disciplined, ever marshaled. A Navy, ten,
not the most formidable perhaps, but the most
numerous and gallant, and the costliest in the
world, end against a foe almost without a navy
at all Twenty million people, and every element
of strength and force at command—power, pa
tronage, influence, unanimity, enthusiasm, con-
fidence, credit, money, men, an Army end a Navy
the largest and the noblest ever set in the field
or afloat upon the sea; with the support, almost
servile, of every State, county, and municipality
in the North and West ; with a Congress swift
to do the bidding of the Executive ; without op
position anywhere at home, and with an arbitrary
power which neither the Czar of Russia nor the
Emperor of Austria dare exercise; yet after
nearly two years of more vigorous prosecution
of war than ever recorded in history ; after more
skirmishes, combats and battles than Alexander,
Caesar, or the first Napoleon ever fought in any
five years of their military career, you have ut
terly, signally, disastrously—l will not say igno
miniously—failed to subdue ten million "rebels,"
whom you had taught. the people of the North
and West not only to hate bat to despise. Rebele,
did I say? Yes, your fathers were rebels, or
your grandfathers. He who now before me on
canvas looks down so sadly upon us, the false,
degenerate and imbecile guardians of the great
Republic which he founded, was a rebel. And
yet we, cradled ourselves in rebellion, and who
have fostered and fraternized with every insur
rection in the nineteenth century everywhere
throughout the globe, would now. forsooth, make
the word "rebel' a reproach. Rebels certainly.
they are; but all the persistent and eupendous
efforts of the most gigantic warfare of modern
times have, through your incompetency and folly,
availed nothing to crush them out, out off though
they have been by your blockade from all the
world, and dependent only upon their own cou
rage and resources. And yet they were to be
utterly conquered and subdued in six weeks, or
three months! Sir, my judgment was made up
and expressed from the first. I learned it from
Chatham t tt hfy lords, you cannot conquer Ame
rica." And you have not conquered the South.
You never will. It is not in the nature of things
possible ; much lees under your auspices. But
money you have expended without limit, and
blood poured out like water. Defeat, debt, taxa
tion, aepulehree, these are your trophies. In
vain the people gave you treasure and the soldier
yielded up his life. "Fight, tax, emancipate,
let these," said the gentleman from Maine, (Mr.
Pugs,) at the last session, " be the trinity of our
salvation." Sir, they have become the trinity
Of your deep damnation. The war for the Union
is, in your hands; a most bloody and costly fail
ure. The President confessed it on the 22e1 of
September, solemnly, officially, and under the
broad seal of the United States. And he has
now repeated the confession. The priests and
rabbis of abolition taught him that God would
not prosper such a cause. War for the Union
was abandoned ; war for the negro openly begun,
and with stronger battalions than before. With
what success ? Let the dead at Fredericksburg
and Vicksburg answer.
And now, sir, can this war continue? Whence
the money to carry it on? Where the men?
Can you borrow ? From whom ? - Can you tax
more? Will the people bear it? Wait till you
have collected what is already levied. How
many millions more of " legal tender"—to-day
forty-seven por cent. below the par of gold—can
you float? Will men enlist now at any price?
Ah, sir, it is easier to die at home. I beg par
don; but I trust I am not "discouraging enlist
ments." If I AM, than first arrest Lincoln, Stan
ton, and Halleek, and some of your other gener
als; and r will retract; yes, I will recant.. But
can you draft again? Ask New England—New
York. Mk Massachusetts. Where are the nine
hundred thousand? A k not. Ohio—the North -
west. She thought you were in earnest, and
gave you all, all—more than you demanded.
"The wife whose lathe first smiled that day,
The fair, fond bride of yester eve,
And aged sire and matron gray.
Saw the loved warriors baste away,
And deemed It sin to grieve."
Sir, in blood she has atoned for her credulity ;
and now there is mourning in every house, and
distress and sadness iu every heart. Shall she
give you any more?
But ought this war to continue? I answer,
no—not a day, not an hour. What then? Shall
we separate? Again I answer, no, no, no!
What then ? And now, sir, I come to the grand
est and most solemn problem of statesmanship
from the beginning of time; and to the God of
(leaven, Illutniner of hearts and minds, I would
humbly appeal for some measure, at least, of
light and wisdom and strength to explore and
reveal the dark but possible future of this land.
OAR THE UNION OF THESE STATES BE RESTORED ?
HOW SHALL IT BE DONE ?
And why not? Is it. historically impossible?
Sir, the frequent civil wars and ; conflicts between
the States of Greece did not prevent their cor
dial union to resist the Pension invasion ; nor
aid even the thirty years' Peloponesian war,
springing, in part, from the abduction of slaves,
and embittered and disastrous as it was—let
Thucydides speak—wholly destroy the fellow
ship of those States. The wise Romans ended
the three years' social war after many bloody
battles, anti much atrocity, by admitting the
States of Italy to all the rights of Roman citizen
ship—the very object to secure which these
States had taken up arms. The border wars
between Sam land and England, running through
centuries. did not prevent the final union; in
pence and by adjustment, of the two kingdoms
under one monarch. Compromise did at last
what ages of coercion and attempted conquest
had failed to effect. England kept the crown,
while Scotland gave the king to wear it; and
the memories of Wallace and the Bruce of Ban
nockburn, became part of the glories of British
history. I pass by the union of Ireland with
England—a union of force, which God and just
men abhor; and yet precisely "the Union as it
should be" of the abolitionists of America. Sir,
the rivalries of the houses of York and Lanese
ter filled all England with cruelty and slaughter;
yet compromise and intermarriage ended the
strife at last, and the white rose and the red were
blended in one. Who dreamed a month before
the death of Cromwell that in two years the peo
ple of England, after twenty years of civil war
and usurpation, would, with iota unanimity,
restore the house of Stuart, in the person of
its most worthless prince, whose father but
eleven years before they had beheaded? And
who could have foretold in the beginning of
1812, that within some threw years, Napoleon
would be in exile upon a desert Weed, and the
Bourbons restored ? Armed foreign intervention
I did it; but it is estrange history. Or who then
expected to see a nephew of Napoleon, thirty
five years later, with the consent of the people,
supplant the Bourbon and reign Emperor of
France? Sir, many States and people, once
separate, have become united in the course of
ages through natural • causes and without con
quest ; but I remember a single instance only in
history of States or people once united, and
speaking the same language, who have been
forced permanently asunder by civil strife or
war, unless they were separated by distance or
vast natural boundaries. The secession of the
Ten Tribes is the exception ; these parted with
out actual war; and their subsequent history is
not encouraging to secession. But when Moses,
the greatest of all statesmen, wouldeteure a dis
tinct nationality and government to the Hebrews,
he left Egypt and established his people in a
distant country. In modern times, the Nether
lands, three centuries ago, won their indepen
dence by the sword ; but France and the English
channel separated them from Spain. So did our
Thirteen Colonies; but the Atlantic ocean di
vorced us from England. So did Mexico, and
other Spanish colonies in America; but the same
ocean divided them from Spain. Cuba and the
Canadas still adhere to the parent Government.
And who now, North or South, in Europe or
America, lo , dring into history, shall presump
tuously say that because of civil war the reunion
of these States is impossible? War, indeed,
while it lasts, is disunion, and, if it lasts long
enough, will be final, eternal separation first,
and anarchy and despotism afterward. Hence r
would hasten peace nosi, today, by every hon
orable appliance.
[CONCLUSION NEXT WINK.]
may- Taxan is one good wife in the country:
let every married man think that he hath her.