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riit V 1155.
v ospAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1865
THE NEWS.
, t oo case of the recent collision on the
ho „„a Railroad, the coroner's jury have
10' ne -
verdict which states that the mad:-
wa
Its caused by the combined carelessness
conductor of the mail and the engineer
e i-press train. The president of the
Po censured for the recicless and
I:7,,,j ar numner in which the trains are run.
7 ` 7 :,:r attention to duty and more definite
recommended.
ads state that Indian atroei,
1:3 .,:e recently been so great on the hoe
`.t!git the inhabitants have been COMpelled
apon the - United States military au
for protection. The Texas papers
I :g.cusSing the situation in which the
people have been left by the close of
~..,,jr.lolli advising submission iu all things
Government.
from San Domingo to the SDI, eon
•i1• a ppointment of Cabral as Protector.
y o minicans are now sole masters of the
ueneral Clardaro having left. A
,A convention is soon to meet, and a per
reorganization of the Government
';.if• announced that the French Interna-
Exhibition will open on the Ist of April;
n ,l close on the. 31st of October, in the
APplieatiOn for places to exhibit
mole before the 31st of October next,
~.qiwr with a list of the articles the appli
to exhibit.
1 a ccident ( 1) occurred to an express train
:1
Sew York Central Railroad on Satur
laggage-ear was thrown off tho tvoek
the baggage-master instantly killed.
of the passengers were injured. Cause—
;;.,kin, of an o/c/ axle.
here will be found a lecture, by the
William Gilpin, upon "Our New Terri-
,: t'• " The lecture was delivered at the
, pnl
Of Trade room, on Saturday evening,
phonographically reported for The Press.
well repay a careful reading.
'..lpler; having been issued from the War De
tvont, reducing the number of officers on
:t at::. of commanding generals, the work is
progressing. Four were detached
t:::11the staff of General Augur on Saturday,
G. V. Walbridge is acting as Provost
of the defences north of the Potomac,
lagrallaM being absent from Wash-
.;,crei iffy has left Washington for Con.
Ile will be absent for several weeks.
Secretary Fox will act as Seeretary
:::hl* the Absence of Mr. Welles.
‘ .,o'etmy Stanton bas given orders that the
lleavy Artillery, and the District of
:;:tarbin Volunteers, be immediately dis
:.3rgeti.
wautier of State rendezvous for the re.
;--;;:inf , of troops have been discontinued.
: t Ikt will be found in another part of the
; et
;; hA, been ordered that all general and
return to their homes, and from
IrrLt report to tive Adjutant General of the
per lion Salgar, Minister from the Ca
;;;;,illin States, has been recalled. lie made
;•patiing F:peeeli to the President on Satur
; :y. The President replied kindly.
Mto.geram, of the ad Pennsylvania
diet/ at Fortress Monroe on Priclay
llis remains have been sent home.
the ;let New York. Regiment was mustered
at Fortress Monroe on Saturday,. The
-[ll7.ent ii on its way hoine, i - ia Baltimore.
llt'D'O pick - pockets were arrested at For
_•moaree. They had robbed a gentleman
::.A+tt dellat s and a lady of her jewelry.
I , ,hingtou is still crowded with pardon
and new ones are daily arriving.
1010 despatch, Published elsewhere,
•.e :t detailed Recount of the public debt.
Lour was very dull on Saturday, there be
.:%ry little demand, either for export or
•:::v use. bat prices are without any quota
, nange. Wheat is also dull and unsettled.
:11 and Oats are iinehanged. Cotton COMM
!, 'inlet. Sugar is in demand and prices are
up. In Provisions there is little or
doing. Whisky
. is in fair demand at
advance.
The Mock market, on Saturday, was very
:11 the sales being exceedingly light; prices,
r_. , tever, were firm, and many of the railroado
grovel uattkrially.
ETTER FROM " OCCASIONAL."
WASHINGTON, Sept. 2, 1865
I haw not conversed with one man from
11: South who does not tell the same story:
11le people of the late insurgent States are
Lmeeivably destitute and poor. The re-
it absorbed so much of their substance
Li when it ended in defeat they were
EmAated with over-work, hungry, home
and hopeless. The situation of East
V!rdnia is terrible beyond description.
Fredericksburg is a pile of wretchedness
Esc ruin—a second Richmond, in fact.
Pe:vrshurg, though net as much battered as
tiers, is only slowly recovering its former
tigorous prosperity.. Lynchburg, the great
I,aceo mart, where, for a long period during
war, natural advantages repelled attack
EMI permitted trade, is Stricken as with a
pralyA. What is true of these three
hue of all the Virginia towns. From
bc: harried country come starving multi
l'idb to prey upon despairing citizens.
litqerless slaves, slaveless masters, wo
12f:u bereft of the comforts:of home, reckless
ran, who see their situation, and yet refuse
:•mend it, discharged rebel soldiers, make
LI, a populace that would be a comical
lipture if it did not alarm and shock good
Len by its inexpressible wo. The farther
!" . (at Penetrate into the bowels of the land
le more horrors you encounter. Sher
ran march from Atlanta te , Savannah,
znd back through the Carolinas, has left a
t,roati track of vengeance, terrible in all its
Lmects, and the more so because made by one
loved those whose stupendous crimes
incited and quickened his chastening blow.
Al!anla itself, Rome, Athens, Savannah,
Lde.rsonville, Milan, Macon, Augusta,
t,ind blasted monuments of the anger of
1,0, 1 upon slavem and its fiend-like instru-
Lilts. In Alnarna the spectacle is the
or worse. From Mobile to Mont
liicry—including Huntsville, Selma, and
"leer places of equal importance—the work
c , f war is hideously complete. South Carolina
it (,ne great poor-house, with its dismantled
Of Charleston, its charred and erum
;:iTh: State Capitol, Columbia, and its once
i . eitatiful Beaufort, abandoned by its slave
t''9)ots, and now in the hands of their for
-I:'er clattels." In Louisiana, New Orleans
gorgeous in the 'wealth andtrade of the
Yankee occupation, happy in the easy
Loads of the friendly conquerors, but the
r4.ltlying country has been stripped'by the
%mending hosts. Wherever loyalty lived
;ind yet lives in the South, there is cora
-I.urative ease and safety. But elsewhere,
as I have said, there is unbroken poverty
End despondency. The one hideous fea
ture after this appalling review, it the aligcnec,
the Southern country, of an intelligent
me independent rural population. From
4e Virginia border to the Mexican frontier,
it 'KIS given up to the slave blacks and the
licgraded whites. The millions of affluent
half tilled by compelled toil, were as
'`r , 7 of school-houses and churches as a
England county is of taverns. They
"le, so to speak, " punctuated" at long
Intervals by splendid mansions, situated
lite houses of the British officials in the
ltaid colonies, a combination of seraglio,
31 ° 1 0, and garrison. All else was slavery
: 11 .1 sloth. The breakdown of the re
-1"'llion has destroyed these "great houses"
!old left the myriads of poor toilers
: 111 a most miserable plight. Had the rebel
/hilt Prevailed, the foreign nations that
Iciped it on, would have been compelled to
Nieve and to feed the exhausted multitudes
if the South, to work their cotton, tobacco,
Lugar, and rice fields, to rebuild the towns,
end M rule those who, even in destroying
their own Government, proved that they
toldd not not govern themselves. That the
I ., ) trigii powers would have done, or could
4 1 i1A - 12 done this, it is not our business to de
/tltt. Enough for us that all this mighty
21 . 5 k is now ours. How light and trivial
/lit . Possible power of a people thus pros
krate is to make new opposition to the Go
tverament ! Before that one fact the sharpest
:i neinories of the cruelty of their leaders,
mal the delusion and submission of them
'tivt,s, are blunted or softened ; and we
feel that it is our first province to help, our
to forgive, and our last to punish them.
Occasional,.
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I 1141-
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VOL. 9.-NO. 30.
IRE MONROE DOCTRINE-PAST AND
PRESENT.
(For The'Press.3
When President MONROE put forth his
declaration, that this country would look
upon future attempts on the part of Euro
pean Governments to colonize any portion
of the American Continent, as an unfriendly
act. toward the United States, the main ob
ject which he had in view, and perhaps the
only one, was to wnrn Spain . against fur
ther measures in respect to, her revolted
colonies in this hemisphere.
It is believed that in this action of Presi
dent MONROE, the British Ministry con
curred.
The Spanish colonies on the continents,
one and all, having gained their independ
ence, the declaration of Mr. MONROE sub
sided, and was almost forgotten, until re
`•ived during the war with Mexico.
Upon's, message of President Pout, re
commending the seizure and holding of
Yucatan, because of the designs the Eng
lish were supposed to entertain against that
province, the question was debated in the
Senate, and the proposition was rejected.
The Southern leaders of that day, ex
pressed their belief, that matters pertain
ing to the Monroe doctrine, were subjects
for diplomatic action, but not for military
measures, even when a portion of the ene
my's country Was in question, during ac
tual war. An exception was made, how
ever, in the case of Cuba, Mr. CALHOUN
saying, that the United States should
take possession of that island by force of
arms, if it should be likely to undergo a
change of owners, on the ground that it
commanded the Gulf of Mexico, his real
desire being, of course, to add Cuba as two
more slave States to the UniOn.
The advent of the French army and of
MAXIMILIAN, as Emperor, into Mexico,
brings up the Monroe doctrine, somewhat
amplified and intensified, once more, and
the idea that the United States Mast expel
both army and Emperor is now somewhat
extensively advanced and advocated
throughout the country, upon the ground
of that abstraction of a past age and genera
tion.
The condition of things upon this conti
nent and in the Pacific ocean has undergone
a total change since the time of Mr. MON
ROE. We have now populous, wealthy,
and thriving States upon the shores of the
Pacific, with which our mail and travel
communication is mainly maintained by
the Isthmus route, and, commercially, by
Cape Horn. England has new and grow
ing colonies, adjoining our own States upon
the main, and others more remote, as New
Zealand and New Holland. France also
has colonies at the Marquesa, Tahitia, and
New Caledonia, and is in quest of other
islands to found more. Intercourse be_
tween our possessions on the Pacific side
and those of England and France with
China and with Japan is increasing annu
ally in value and in importance. All the
fertile groups of islands in the Pacific ocean
are receiving or awaiting white settlers, and
are producing tropical products, which find
a market in Australia, Chili, and California.
The native rule over these groups will soon
be transferred to stronger hands, a matter
in which England and France are greatly
interested, and will probably divide the
spoils. We are now commencing a line of
steamers from San Francisco to Japan and
China. An English company have had
steamships from Valparaiso to Panama,
and by the West Indies to Southampton,
for many years. An English line from
Australia to Panama is in contemplation.
These surprising developments, as in
teresting to England and France, and to
Europe generally, as to ourselves, were cer
tainly not in contemplation when Mr.
MortnoE made the declaration by which it
is now sought to bind the action of the
Government of the United States, even to
the extent of plunging the country into a
foreign war.
On the Atlantic side Spain still holds
Cuba in closest contiguity to the debate
able land of Mexico and Central America ;
holds it safe, it is to be hoped, from future
filibusters, now that the slave power of this
country has been laid in the dust. Near
by to Cuba, England has Jamaica, and
Barbadoes a little further off. Denmark has
St. Thomas and Santa Cruz. France has.
Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French
Guiana upon the Spanish Main. Holland
has adjacent colonies on the Main and the
island of Curacoa. Brazil, extending over
the greatest portion of South America, re
mains as a monarchy, and by intermar
riage with the family of LOUIE. PHILIPPE,
has extended and strengthened its connec
tion with Europe.
The modern interpretation of the Monroe
doctrine, at present seeking popularity
among our people, proclaims to all these
nations, and to those dependencies border
ing upon America, that neither all of them,.
nor any of them, shall do anything upon
this western continent that may be dis
pleasing to us; and forbids them to set
further foot upon it without our permis
sion. Should they presume so far, the great
American eagle will rend them to pieces.
Now, considering what we have had to
go through with recently to maintain the
Government of which that same eagle is
the emblem, over our own undoubted pos
sessions, and, considering further, that we
shall have full occupation for years to come
in the management of our OWEI - affairs,
financial, political, and social, it certainly
does not seem to be a propitious moment
for casting down the gage of defiance to
half a score of nations, and daring them to
touch a finger of it, even supposing our
selves to be altogether in the right.
We may be in the wrong. Europe says
we are in the wrong, and is not disposed to
allow us to be the unquestioned arbiter of
the new world, and sole dispenser of its
products, or to have within our control all
the overland routes to the Pacific.
Remembering the moral of the fable of
the clog and the shadow, let us not be too
greedy after what we do not need, nor,
under the influence of an absurd vanity,
and of a frantic jealousy, grasp at some
thing that we cannot hold. Nations, like
individuals, can be over-ambitious, and,
while striving to become too great, may
fall, never to rise again.
England assumed to be the chief dis
poser of public affairs in Europe and
throughout the world generally, and during
many years of folly and crime expended
money and men unsparingly to effect her
object. But she overtasked herself, and
has subsided, to be the mere lacquey of
France and an obsequious ally of Louis
liArormax.
Russia, hankering after Turkey, as some
of our folks do after Mexico, brought a war
upon her hands of four to one, but did not
get Constantinople, and lost her fleet and
fortress in the Black Sea. Examples might
be multiplied, but it is needless.
We must either, it would seem, maintain
the Monroe doctrine or give it up. If the
latter, like a sensible people, we can then
put our own ham ft order, make ourselves
strong at home, within our own borders,
and let the world wag on as it may outside.
If we are to be Quixotic and run a tilt
against the rest of mankind, because our
neighbors' affairs are• not managed to our
liking, we shall never again know the re
pose of peace, and, instead of disbanding
the army and navy, should put both ser
vices on a war footing forthwith.
England and France will fight upon this
question, with other Powers for allies.
They are determined to oppose the preten
sions of this country to interpose the whole
length of the American continent between
Europe and the vast and varied interests
which pertain to the Pacific ocean, and they
will not shirk from the appeal to arms, for
which they are well prepared.
We shall have to fight in such a vivre
alone, and may contemplate . as among the
first effects of the war the complete de
struction of our ocean commerce, the loss
of the Isthmus route, and of all communi
cation with Oregon and California except
overland,
We cannot invade England or France,
nor could they invade this country. We
could injure but not destroy their com
merce, and might conquer Canada and a
portion of • Mexico, neither of which WO
want. Whatever other issues would ensue
at the close of the war, this may be set down
as certain! That the Powers allied against
us, in despite of all possible efforts on our
part, Would succeed in making good a lodg
ment in some part of Mexico (the French
are already in possession) or Central Ame
rica, and wOUld remain there. We should
thus lose the very identical right, privilege,
or phantom, for which we engaged in the
war.
EUROPE..
ANOTHER AND A NEW CABLE TO BE
LAID IN JUNE NEXT.
The Cholera Disappearing in Marseilles, Gib
raltar, and Constantinople.
The Cattle Plague Still Devastating
Around. London
New Year, Sept. 3.—The steamship Saxonia
has arrived, with Southampton adViees of
August 23d.
The Tarifa arrived out on the 21st, the City
of New York and City of London on the 22d,
and the Bavaria on the 23d ult. •
The Great Eastern had arrived at Sheerness.
Captain Anderson fully believes in being able
to lay the Atlantic cable, and advocates the
manufacture of a new cable and proper pick
ing-up appliances, by May, 1866; then to lay a
new cable, and afterwards pick up the old one
and continue to lay the same.
Thy Atlantic Telegraph Company has. re•
solved to iay a new cable in June next, and
pick up the old one afterward.,
. Mason, writing to the Times, says that orders
were immediately forwarded. to stop the
Shenandoah's cruize, on the termination of
the war.
The French and English squadrons will ar
rive at Spithead on the 29th of August.
The cattle plague continues around London.
Consols el) , ;(09% for money. French renter
65f, 100. Unitkd States 5.20's recovered 1, Ella
paid up recovered 34. Illinois Central 34.
GERMANY.
By the convention based on the Astro-Prusso
Danish treaty of peace concluded at Gastein,
Prussia gets Lauenburg, paying Austria a pe
cuniary indemnity. Prussitt rules SehleSwig
and Austria Holstein until the future of the
Duchies is decided. The Emperor of Austria
has cordially received the King of Prussia,
and the Duchess Augustenburg has been in
vited to Coburg by Queen Victoria.
It is officially' stated that, by the Salzburg
conference agreed to between the Emperor of
Austria and the King of Prussia, Kiel harbor
is to be occupied by Prussia, although in Hol
stein, Prussia will propose to the Diet the con
struction of a German fleet.
FRANCE.
The Emperor and Empress of France are in
Switzerland. Walewski has been almost unani
mously elected for Mont de Marsan.
The English squadron arriTed at - Brest on
the 21st of August.
TURKEY
The cholera is disappearing at Constantino.
ple. _ .
Erma
The cholera le disappenving at Gibraltar,
Barcelona, and Valencia.
SUEZ.
The Suezpanel floodgates have been opened,
and a vessel laden with coal passed direct from
the Mediterranean to the Red sea On the Le
of August,
ITALY.
The Baia denies that a financial arrange
ment exists between the Italian Government
and the holy See for the settlement of.the
Roman debt.
Commercial Intelligence.
Sales of cotton for two days 25,000 bales, the
market being firmer but unchanged; sales to specn
lators and exporters 9,000 bales. Flour firm; Wheat
buoyant; Corn quiet and steady. Mixed Corn 30s
cde,:als ed. Beef quiet hut firm, Pork advancing.
Baron firmer and le 2s higher. Lard firm. Tallow
advancing. Butter firmer and 2s higher. Sugar
steady. Coffee no sales. Rice firm. Ashes, sales
small. Linseed Oil quiet grad steady. RoSin firmer.
Spirits of Turpentine dull and nominal. Petroleum
quiet and steady at 2s Oil for refined.
Consols 89;11(51893 for money.
Illinois Central shares 79.
Erie 59VAIMX. IT. S. 5-20 s 69,
LATER.
FATIMA POINT, L. C., Sept. 3.--The steamer
Peruvian, from Liverpool August 24, via Lon
donderry August 25, passed this point, bound
for Quebec.
Nothing: additional has transpired relative
tone Atlantic cable. Fivedponnd shares were
selling at £2§.2 4 ,4.
The New York correspondent of the Times
writes upon the depth and earnestness of irri
tation which prevails against England in all
classes of American society. He expatiates
Upton ana endeavors to palliate some of the
reasons for this in-feeling.
IL P. Walker, British 1 ice Consul at Charles
ton, is gazetted as Consul for the States of
North and South Carolina.
The Ilforniny Post has a bantering article
upon the alleged invitation of Mr. Bright to
visit America ' and says the President of the
United States Could not have done this gifted
radical a greater service than he has done in
inviting him to see with his own eyes those
things of which he has so often drawn such
bright imaginary pictures. The Post hopes
be will find it convenient to go to Virginia,
Carolina, and Tennessee.
Great preparations are making at Ports
mouth to give a 'fitting receptiontothe French
fleet, and grand banquet*, balls, military re
views, etc., are in the programme,
Cork papers say the Fenian are very active
in that city and neighborhood, and large
crowds, it is said, regularly assemble for drill,
and these illegal gatherings are no longer held
in out-of-the-wa'y pines, but in open day, and
numbers avow their intention almost Without
reserve.
The weather continued to be unsettled in
England, and the rains still interfere with the
harvest, and- caused Much anxiety for the
crops.
The Paris Bourse was Steady. Rentes
A summary of the new convention between
Austria and Prussia relative to Schleswig-Sol
stein has been published. The terms wee
with the statements already issued, and it is
expected that the Prussian troops will eva
cuate Holstein, and Austria will, assume -mi
nistration:there on the 15th of September, and
that at the same time Austria will evacuate
Schleswig, to leave the administration to.
Prussia.
It is proposed to make Rendsbnrg a Federal
fortress, to be garrisoned alternately for a
year at a time, by Austrian and Prussian
troops. The passage of a boat through the
Suez Canal, and the alleged opening, of the
canal, proves to be a very small affair. It is
asserted that, so far from being open, the ea.
nal will not be open for three years at least,
and the question will then arise how far it can
be made available for large ships,
With the subsidence of the cholera, business
was again assuming activity at Alexandria,
and quantities of cotton are again reaching
market. The prospects of the next crop are
reported to be favorable.
In the London moneymarket the funds were
heavy, the unsettled weather causing a de
pression in consols. The discount transactions
at the Bank of England Continued extremely
light. Money was easy in the open market.
American securities were rather easier.
SHANGHAE, July 12.—General Burgenine is
still in custody, and the American Inhalator
has demanded his release, intimating that a
refusal would be considered a cams bell.
, . .
cOMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE—LIVERPOOL
COTTON MARKETS.—LIVERPOOL, August 24.
Cotton sales for three days 35,000 bales, including
11,000 to speculators. The market opened firmer,
!apt unchanged, and closed at a partial advance of
LIVERPOOL BREADSTUFFS MARKET.
Breadstuff's firm Messrs. Wakefield, 3•Tash. & CO.,
:OA Bigland, Athaya, & Co., report Flour firm;
Wheat huoyant, at the extreme rate, winter red 64
lks 6d; Corn toilet and steady mixed 30s ild©3ls 6d..
LIVERPOOL PROVISION MARKET.—Messrs.
Gordon, Bruce, & Co., and others, report Beef
quiet, but firm. Pork ddrancing. Bacon advanced
,62., closing firmer. Lard firm at PAs. Tallow still
:.dvancing. Butter 2s higher.
LIVERPOOL PRODUCE MARKET. Ashes
quiet. Sugar lirm. Coffee steady. Rice firm. Sperm
4di buoyant at .ClOO. Rosin steady. Spirits Turpen
tine nominal at 465. Petroleum limn at 2s 6d for
refined.
LONDON MARKETS—LONDON, Allg. 21.—Bread
,tuffs still advancing. Coffee easier. 'rex firm. Rise
buoyant. Tallow tends upwards.
Consols for money 89;10893i.- Illinois Central
78©79. Erie 531g533f.„ S 5-20589069;ig
Latest Commeicial Intelligence.
LIVERPOOL, August 25.—The Cotton sales for the
week foot up 87,000 bales. The Brokers' Circular
reports the market opened buoyant, all qualities
advancing a trifle; but the market subsequently be.
rime dull. Of the above sales exporters took 12,500
ales. The following are the authorized quotations:
Orleans, 18 11-16 d: - Uplands (Georgia), 18)4d. 'The
sales to-day foot up 8,000 bales, the market closing
quiet and unchanged. The stock of cotton In port
is 420,000 hales, of. which 27,000 are American.
The Manchester market was easier and tend
ing downwards. Breatistutfa inactive. The wea
ther has been favorable for the crops. Provisions
quiet add steady.
LoNnoN, August 25.—Consols for money, BIX®
MIL Illinois Central shares, 780 78}¢. Erie shares,
,:@S:W. United States 5-205, finB936. The bullion
in the 'tank of England has Increased £ll,OOO.
ST. DOMINGO.
The Dominicans Let Alone by Spain—
The Island Abandoned• by Her.
NEW YORK, Sept. 2.—Later adviees from San
Domingo to Ike Stb nlt. confirm the previous
news of the appoiutment of Cabral as pro.
lector.
General Gandara has left the island, and the
Dominicans are now sole masters of their
territory. They are engaged in reorganizing
the Government. A national convention will
meet at an early date to form a permanent
organization.
A new journal, called the El Monitor, has been
started at San Domingo City.
The Spanish Occupation is now really t as well
m Imainally t at till cildt
PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1865.
WASHINGTON.
Mitoolot to the Press.]
WAszinvarox, Sept. 3,180.
Public Debt of the United states, Att.
gust 31,1805.
The following is a statement of the National
debt in detail s
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DEBT ON WHICH INTEREST. HAS CEASED.
CHARACTER 1:01 , I A , 3IT OITT
ISSUE. STANDING.
AUTHORIZED
ACTS.
Bonds, Texas In-
Sept. 9, 1850 demiolty $839,000 00
July 17. 1661 Notes, Turco Years. 0.34,450 00
April 15, 1842 Bemis --•-. 24:19,893 45
Acts prior to 1857. Treasury Notes 101,511 61
December 23,1857. Treasury Notes 8,800 00
December 17,1860. Treasury Notes 600 00
March 2, 1861 - Treasury Notes 5,650 00
I
July 11, 1862 Temporay Loan Coin 1,200 09
-
Aggregate. of debt on which Interest
Aggregate
ceased $1,30.9,090 09
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REC4PITULA.TION
AM'T Mr/BM. INTERW3T
-- -
14.1)ear`glnt.inCOinl 1—
$1,108.310,19180 *31,5V 4 590 50
I.lt.henott int.in 1. tn. 1,274,978,103 16 73 ,5 9 ,1,037 74
Dcbt on which 'nicest
has ceased
Tit•tica rg nointorc A
LEGAL TENDER NOTES IN CIRCULATIO. S AMOUNT
one and TWO iirtlAT 5 per cent. N0+L,,,,.. +3g 7 gmmo
United States Notes, old Issue._
United States Notes, new
.... 432, 1 °2 5 7:E
Coinp.lnterest Notea,act of Atit,rej, .
15.0"000
CorllPalltereSt Notes,act d Y
.tue 30,;64 202,P24,1130
The foregoing is a ea.rrect statement of the
public debt as apPeiva from the books, Tren^
surer's returns, arLd requisitions in the De
partment on th4P:Ast of August, 1885.
Itun MoCtrr.toen.
Secretary OA Tomury.
~;
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8 8
1,503,020 09 FIM
373,395,256 20
2.757,689,571 43 138,061,1328 34
3684,138,969
(dpectal Despatches to the Press.]
Reduction of Staff Officers.
In obedience to orders from the War De
partment, the work of reducing the number
of staff officers on the staffs of COMManding
generals, is still progressing. On Saturday,
four were detached from the staff of General
Augur, of this Department.
Gone North.
Secretary Wattss and Mr. WILLIATI FA xorr,
chief Clerk of the Navy Department, left here
yesterday morning for Connecticut. They ex
pect to be absent some three or four weeks.
Assistant Secretary Fox will be Acting Secre
tary of the Navy during the absence of Secre
tary WaLLES, and. Mr, TICOmrsON, of the De,
Partmeut, will discharge the duties or the
chief clerk.
Recruiting. Rendezvous Discontinued.
The following State rendezvous for the re
cruiting of troopa have been discontinued:
Maine—Portland ; New Hampshire—Man
chester; Vermont—Montpelier and Brattle•
hero ; Massachusetts—Reathille ; New York—
Rochester, Syracuse, Sackett's Harbor, Platts
burg and Ogdensburg ; Maryland—Frederick ;
Onto—Oincinnati (Camp DenniSol3). Cleveland
(Camp Cleveland) ; ; Ken.
tucky—Lexington and Covington.
Regiments to be Discharged.
The Secretary of War has ordered the imme•
(Date discharge of the Ist Maine Heavy Artil
lery and the 2nd District Columbia YolunteerS
serving in this department.
4n Important Order.
All general and staff officers are ordered to
return to their homes, from thence to report
to the Adjutant General of the army.
The Pardon heelkets.
Each boat arriving here from the South
brings an increased number of pardon seekers.
Acting Provost Marshal.
Colonel INOICA.nbt being absent from the City,
Captain G. R. WA.T.TiTtIDGE is acting as Prprost
Marshal of the defences north of the Potomac.
[Ey Associated Press.]
Departure of the Columbian Minister—
His Speech end - the' Reply of Pres'.
dent Johnson.
Setlor Dow E. SALOAR, who for some time
past has acceptably represented the Colum
bian States as envoy extraordinary and minis_
ter plenipotentiary, yesterday took leave of
the President in his diplomatic character, and
made some appropriate remarks upon the
occasion, in which he spoke of the gfatitica.
tion afforded him by the friendly relations of
the two countries, and concluded as follows:
"Columbia in her place' as sympathy with
your calamities and with your victories, and
MS celebrated with a jubilee the returns of
peace and the gaurantee of humanitarian sen
timents as so many additional bonds of union
and so many further principles of conserva
tism for countries governed by democratic
constitutions. Permit me to renew to you on
this occasion the wishes which the President
and people of Columbia make for your per
sonal happiness and for the prosperity of
the American people, and to assure you that
in separating myself from this country I shall
carry with me agreeable recollections of my
sojourn in it; and of its hospitable and culti
vated, socioty. ,,
To which President Jonnsex replied:
"Mr. SALUAII; It is not without sincere re
gret that I receive the letter of recall which
brings your mission in the United States to an
end. It is very gratifying, however, to be as
sured as we are by President Muraeuto, that
you have laid down your trust only to assume
another, an equally dignified and important
one, in the service of your estimable country.
Do not omit to assure the President of Colum
bia that the United States adhere constantly
to their republican principles, and especially
to their policy of seeking to preserve through
a peaceful course the establishment of tree in
stitutiOnS throughout the American conti
nent, and. the d.evelopment of the vast re
sources with which it has been bountifully
Supplied by au all-wise Providence. Accept,
sir, for President MIIRELLO the assurances of
my abiding respect ; and for yourself, person
ally, tile expression of a sincere esteem."
NEW ORLEANS.
Arrest of Political
.Thieves Indian
IMEMMIT2I
icRIV YORK, Sept. 2.—The Steamer Writing
Star, from New Orleans August 2.6111, arrived
here to-day.
The latest Texas papers contain the follow
ing : Thomas C. Moore, one of the recorders of
&lingo Devine's court, at Austin, has been ar
rested by the provost marshal, charge not
stated, and other arrests have been made upon
charges of making away with public property
after its surrender.
ACCOMItS Of horrible atrocities by Indians
on the border are given, and the United Stator
military forces have been appealed to for pro
tection.
General Merritt is using his cavalry.
The Texas import, wry, I.di _arith
discussing the situation in which the South
erners are left by the failure of the rebellion,
and counselling unreserved loyalty to the old
Government.
CALIFORNIA,
San Erall6ll4Co Business and Ship News.
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 2.—No arrivals this
week.
Sailed to-day, steamer Golden City, for Pans.
ma, with *1,083,000 for New York, and $151,000
for England. She takes 400 passengers, in
cluding Speaker Colfax, Lieutenant Gover
nor Bross, and Samuel Bowies, of the Spring
field Republican.
Trade during The week was a little more ac
tive, but, the aggregate transactions were
little below expectations. The stock of the
leading importations were light, while of some
kinds of Eastern goods there is a positive
scarcity. Prices do not seem to respond or
rise at the supply. Butter, Sc. higher. Coal
2.5 e. higher. Candles, 20. higher. Domestic
products steady, except barley, which Is 50
734 e. lower. Wheat depressed, and any efforts
to press sales would bring lower prices, in the
absence of any export demand. Wool and
hides quiet and steady.
The Pacific Railroad is completed to Colfax,
fifty-five miles from Sacramento, making the
entire distance constructed, since January,
twenty-four miles. Four thousand laborers
are employed on the road, and the number is
being constantly increased.
FORTRESS MONROE.
Negro Piekpockets—Deatii of a Phila•
delphian—Ship News.
FORTRESS MONROE, Sept, I,—This morning,
on the arrival of the steamer Adelaide from
Baltimore, two darkies were taken from the
steamer to the lock-up by the guard. On in
quiring we ascertained that they were pick
pockets, and during the passage down had
robbed a gentleman of $l,OOO, and a lady of her
jewelry. By the energy and manly perse
verence of Mr. Charles lilasson, clerk of the
Adelaide, this property was recovered and
restored to its rightful owners, and the thieves
arrested as stated.
Transports Was and Eagle No. 3 arrived
from City Point with the 47th New York Re
giment, Col. C. R. McDonald, from Raleigh, N.
C. mustered mustered out and bound home.
'chooner Maria E. Pratt, with 76 thirty-two
pound gUn3, COndemned and sold here four
weeks age, sailed for Dhiladelphia today,
Arrived, propellor E. C. Biddle, from Nor
folk ; steamer Star, from Washington, and Ed
ward Everett, from Richmond.
Arrived, steamer Blackbird, from Norfolk;
John Tracy, from do., and C. W. Thomas, from
Richmond.
The 81st New York regiment was mustered
out to-clay, and left for - home on the steamer
Edward Everett, Captain Etter, via Baltimore.
Some mystery exists in regard to a box ship
ped from this place on August 25th, by Rana
den's Express, to New York. The box was
marked J. Moulton Webster, and was said to
contain tools, but on its arrival in New York,
it was found to contain a corpse. The case
will be investigated.
Lieutenant Marjerum,ufthe 3d Pennsylvania
Artillery,
.clied last evening. His remains were
sent to Yhaladelphils, to-day.
RAILWAY SLAUGHTER.
The Long Island Murder—Verdict of
the Jury of Inquiry.
NEW Town Sept. s.—The coroner's jury in
the case of the collision on the Long Island
Railroad have rendered a verdict in substance
as follows : That the collision was produced
by the carelessness of R. 3. Race, conductor of
the mail train, and James White, engineer of
the express train 5 that Louis C. Sands and
Daniel Y. Chase arc not considered responsi•
ble, and censuring Oliver Charlick, president
of the road, for the carelessness and irregular
Manner in which the trains are run, and con._
Bider him directly responsible for the catas
trophe. Two of the jurors find Daniel F.
Chase, engineer of the' mail train, as guilty of
carelessness; another juror finds L. C. Sands,
conductor of the express train, also guilty of
-earelesener,s. The other jurors find Richard
J. Raeo, eismductor, and D. F, Chase, engineer,
guilty of. carelessness and inattention to their
duties, and recommend that more definite
rules be adopted for running irregular trains.
A BAGGAGE-MASTER KILLED.
ALBANY, Sept. 2,—An accident occurred to
the steamboat express train over the Central
Yotilroml, the here at 7 P. M., by the breaking
of an axle. The baggage-ear was thrown oil'
the track, and the baggage-master, named
Smith, belonging in this city, was instantly
killed. None of the passengers were injured.
Rost Races.
ST. Jonas, N. 8., Sept. the great four
oared boat race to-day, the shell Thetis, of In
diantown, won by half a length. The Lapstreat
was second, the George B. McClellan, of Bog , .
ton, third, and the shell Amphitrite, of St.
Johns, last. The water was mica and the race
close throughout, the four boats coming in
within fifteen seconds of each other. The dis
tance rowed was lout and a half miles. Time,
twenty-nine mil:Rites. The race, is generally
Considered as the finest ever rowed in this
harbor.
Markets by Telegraph.
P.upteAto,_Sept. 2, 1 P. M.—Flour scarce ana
inactive. Wheat dull and nominal. Corn in
fair demand at 80c. for No. 1, and 79 for 1 , 10. 2,
closing easier. Oats at 42@iln. Earley, Rye,
and Peas nominal. Pork easter ; sales of mess
at 8131. Whisky at $2.213,0)2.22 ; at the close
$2.25 asked and $2.23 bid; Canal freights to
New York—Wheat 15c. corn W., and oats INc.
OUR NEB TERRITORIES.
Their Physical GeograpOr t Mineral Wealth
and Agrieultntal ROSOMM.
TEE MINING SYSTEM OF TEVIIII,CKY MOUNTAINS
Letetni•e• by Hon. Wilthint-
On Saturday evening a large and appreria.
tive audien6O assembled at the Board Of Tr?ft le
rooms, to hearthe address of the ILM.Williedu
aI
the e .
Gilpin, on the mining system of the Rocky
half-peer Mountainsn
seven resources lectur w
e of
was introduced
by the Hon. Henry D. Moore, who !fthi I have
been requested ito discharge a very pleasant
duty. I apprehend there is not a gentleman
present who does not feel a deep and abiding
interest lu everything which pertains to the
Mighty resources of our beloved country.
Especially do we all of US feel a deep and
lively interest, at this time, in that far-off por
tion of our land of which, until lately, we have
known so little. We have with us to-night a
gentleman who, from his own personal know ,
lodge and observation, Can Speak.with autho
rity on that subject, and he has kindly con
sented to favor us with reference to the mine
ral wealth of that great store-house of nature.
I now have the pleasure to introduce to you
Governor Gilpin.
Mr. Gilpin advanced and spoke as follows
GENTLEMEN, FELLOW-GaTrzra6 05 TN'S CITY OF
PHILADELPHIA: It is in reponse to the polite
and flattering invitation of a number of the
citizens of tins city that I now have the plea
sure to appear before you. Although my an
cestors were among the original founders of
this great City, and, bating myself passed a
portion of my boyhood with its preeineta—
being indebted to the University of Pennsyl
vania for my education—yet the great plains,
the Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific coast
became, at an early age, the scenes of my ac
tion. It is now, for the first time in my life,
that I have the happiness to address my fel
low-citizens of Philadelphia.
The subject, then, before us is the great
mountain system of our continent and coun
try. lam indebted to my knowledge of this
to the fact that I have, for the last twenty
years, participated in nearly all the exploram
tions which have developed
the physical re-
sources of the plains and those great chains of
mountains and from having taken part in the
wars which have carried our country's flag
across the continent and planted it on the
coast of the Pacific, making us the only home
Christian Power resident on the rim of that
populous and mighty Ocean.
In order to treat this subject as miderstand
ingly and intelligently as possible, I must first
give a condensedd
an preliminary sketch of
the physical geography of our continent, and
of its difference from the configuration of the
other continents. It will be necessary to say
something of the isothermal theory, which ex
plains the peculiar climates of those elevated
and interior regions. I shall then Appko&ClL
the specific subject, the history of Colorado, its
mineral resources, and their stupendous vo
lume.
Physical geography is that science which
ea - plains to us te profile of the earth, and con
sists chiefly in delineating the great basins
which collect the drainage of the continent,
and convey it into the rivers, which discharge
it into the sea ; and in portraying the outlines
of the dividing barriers which divide those
basins from one another. Thus t in North
America, for instance, is seen a chain of moun
tains which, commencing in Newfoundland,
passes parallel to the Atlantic ocean,
and ter
minates at Baton Rouge, on the Mississippi
river. This isknown to you as the Allegheny
mountains. Between it and the sea is a terri
tory drained by small rivers which receive the
tidal waters and drain into the ocean.
On the western side of the Continent, how
ever, the mountain system is more estpansive,
and assumes the most stupendousproportions.
The great chain of the Andes, which belts the
earth under various names, traverses the
Southern Continent, the isthmuses of Central
America, and enters the Northern Continent,
as lt were, at Tehuantepec. From hence, ex
tending through to the Northern Sea, it Sepa
rates into two lines, known and defined as the
T
Northern Andes. he one on the left follows,
as in South- America, the coast of the Pacific
sea, and, preserving the same characteristics
ofimmense altitude, is known and defined as
the f° Sierra Nevada, "The Snowy Range." It
is visible from ships sailing on the Pacific
ocean. Betiveen this and the sea is the declivi
ty of the Pacific, of one hundred miles in ave
rage width, and five thodsand miles long, and
which is a counterpart of and balance to the
niaratinie declivity of the Alleghenies. Simi
lar mountains are found on the coasts of the
Arctic Sea and of Labrador.
Occupying the - whole area within this cir
cuniferent range of mountains, broken through
only in four places, is the great calcareous
plain, the bed of a primeval sea, which con
sists of four - basins '
the Mississippi, the St.
Lawrence, iludeonfa bay, and the MaCkenzle,
approaching one another near their sources
by gentle prairie acclivities, (which rolled into
one) form a vast amphitheatre. This has often
been defined the most magnificent duelling
place marked out by God for man's abode.
This then is the simple hydrography of our
North, American continent. The maritime
declivity is one-seventh of the area of the
continent; the mountain envelope is two
sevenths ; and then we have the vast homo
geneous calcareous plain of the four basins,
which take up four sevenths of the area of the
continent. It will he pe - keeived than that the
configuration of the North American Conti.
nent is concave.
But if we pass from our own country to the
other continents, which have been so happily
and thoroughly delineated in the works of
Humboldt ; we shall see that the hydrography
Of the continents of Europe, of Asia, of Africa,
of South America is the precise reverse of that
of North America, especially in the heart of
the . great Asiatic continent. The immense
chains of the Siberian mountains of the north,
and the Himalayas in the south, pass from
east to west in the heart of the Asiatic conti
nent, In the same way in - Europe, commenc
ing at Gibraltar, under the various names of
the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, the
backbone passes centrally through Europe,
dividing its waters into the basin of the Medi
terranean and the basin of the Baltic. So in
Asia, those immense plateaus of the highest
altitude have their drainage by great rivers
to the Arctic Sea on the north, thrOegh China
to the land of the rising sun on tile east, and
to the south by the rivers which penetrate to
the peninsula of India. It is the same, so far
as we are acquainted with the African conti
nent ; the Nile flowing in one direction. and
the Niger in another. It is the same with the
continent of South America, which Is drathed
by the rivers Amami, Orouoco, La klata, and
Magdalena.
All the continents then, other than North
America, are CONVBX in their physical con
figuration. The older continents resemble a
bowl, -which, placed bottom upwards. scatters
whatever may be poured upon it while
Northern America resembles that bowl right
side up, which receives and gathers to its cen
tre whatmer enters within its rim.
These Mdinal physical facts are of the pro
foundest interest to every American ; to every
philanthropist, to every lover of the institu
tions and liberties of America. It is the pro
found secret Why in the old continents, politi.
cal distraction has forever been the destiny Of
the people. It is the secret why upon this
American continent the aboriginal people
were uniform. Those of the European stock
who came into it, have become uniform from
the same cause. It has been so since the birth
of time, and this it is that will render the unity
of the. American people indestructible and
perpetual.
Having glanced at the physical geography
of the globe, ]et us look at another feature,
for which we are indebted to the meditations
of the immortal Humboldt. The Isothermal
theory-, whichtime has already converted into
a fixed science. This, like many other dis
coveries, seems to have been made to enable
us to erect society in the wilderness of Ame
rica,-having an absolute guide by which we
mayintelligently arrange our progress as we
go, and not be overthrown, and, for long pe
riods of time, be ilistraeted by the blunders
that society has experienced in its march
through the European and Asiatic continents.
On a map of the world, properly arranged,
may be seen the two great oceans—the Atlan
tic and Pacific—and the continent of America
in those oceans dividing them, between the
wes t e rn shores of Zarope and the oriental
shores of Asia. Across this map may be seen
a belt with a central dark line running through
it. This is the Isothermal zodiac, and the dark
line the Isothermal axis. In the immortaltphi
losophic minds of Tacitus of antiquity, and
Idontesoileiu of modern times their penetrat
ing thought sought to explain the relations
between the progress of the human race and..
climates. They referred to the subject, but
were lost, andonly left a few hints. It is
to the experiments of the immortal Hum
boldt that we are indebted for our know
ledVe in this field of investigationl is that
for the
Crm e a l t a e a s t locf Isothermal
e e r a r gii. t a n r e e ory.
tempered t by t the
oceans. and the. atmospheric currents which
float over them. The lines of the progress of
the human race accommodate themselves in
stinctively to temperature. It is distinctly
distanmible that the white races whose ear
11.e.st history seems to have been in the east,
on the Asiastie continent, upon the flanks of the
Caucasus, were especially adapted to the nar
row belt and the medium of warmth, which is
fifty-five degrees of temperature. throughout
the year- The axis of the isothermal zodiac
has been determined by millions of experi
ments, extending over a . period of fifty or
sixty years, and it is th location of fifty
five degrees of mean temperature of the
earth, round the year. The white races,
then, have traversed in. the densest numbers
and thegreatest energy along this line. Look
ing back through the seta, We discover that
the instinct of man has been to locate theft
great cities and the densest form of their
population round the northern hemisphere of
the earthlulion this line, which passes tlarough
Babylon, Jerusalem, Athens, Rome, Paris,
London,' through.. the cities of New York,
Philadelphia, and 'Baltimore, through the
Western towns of Pittsburg, Cincinnati,
St. Louis, Leavenworth, Denver, Salt Lake
therg City, and San Prancisco.
As climates follow this belt of thirty de
grass in width, the increasing heats of the
tropical regions have repelled our races, and
they have never permanently passed over its
southern edge, For the same reason the cold
of the North has repelled them at its northern
edge. Within this belt four-fifths of the habit
able portion of the globe lie, and we find
ninety-five-one hundredths of the population
of the earth, and forming a continuous zodiac
of empires from the rising to the setting of
the sun. These empireelonce formed, have
never perished. The Americans represent
the newest family Of the human race in
the glorious planting of empires upon
the American continent, with all the expe
rience of our predecessors behind us, and
with the immense advantages given by the
configuration Of the continents. The last and
greatest of the empires is the RephilliCall em
pire of North America, which completes the
circuit of the globe, and now, upouthe shores
of the Pacific sea, shakes hands With the peo
ple of the Chinese empire beyond.
A subject of extreme interest to our country
Is suggested by these facts; that in the Asiatic
and - European continents, the obstructiona
caused by the great mountain ranges being
latitudinal occupying the heart of the coun
try, through and through from East to West,
a great part of the isothermal zodiac has been
unoccupied, and the column in its progress
has been deflected down, occupying the penin
sula of India. Passing the plateau of Syria,
between the Oriental Sea and the head of the
Mediterranean, we have found it expand in
the antique , eraßixo of UM Peralanal who he-
THREE CENTS.
Came the wealthiest population of the world
upon the channels of commerce, which COIIVeY
from China to the Mediterranean sea,.land•this
in the highest period of antiquity. But pass
ing onward we End that the Southern half of
the Isothermal zodiac is occupied by the vast
surface of the Mediterranean and the Baltic
Seas, that no land exists there except the
limited peninsula of Asia Minor, of Greeee, Of
Italy and Spain. To the north were the great
mountains ; the space for habitation was
limited, and the column of progress in the
ancient world was narrow and long. It was
vertically obstructed, and in that direction its
course was checked. It was perpetnalty liable
to be Overrun by hordes of barbarians, who
had none of the arts - of the population.-or the
Isothermal zone.
How great the diffbrenee on the North. Ame
rican continent in this respect! The Isother
mal axle passes through an unbroken area of
land, mobstructed to the uniform spread of
population. The whole belt from ocean to
ocean—from the southerndirnits of liulson*s
bay to its lower boundary at !Havana—is - un
:;breken and uninterrupted- for the permanent
;occupation of the people;
This condition is another of the superlative
blesSings given us in the mid scheme or
Lure for the present and future energies of the
erbran people.
There is another question , wheel' is calcu
lated to absorb the attentiereof the whole hu-
Mau race. The vivifying intercourse of COM-
Inereeovbich,-ave such high -civilization and
grandeur to the Roman woad,. was-lost during '
the dark ages—the means on 'communisation
having been destroyed by the barbarous Sara
cens and Turks. It is now learner' five hun
dred years since it was revieed ) . and the
communication only kept up lry'' the naviga
tion of the sea, passing round too- anal fro by
-the Antarctic capes.
It was-the grandeur and splendor of the no
.man Empire, and its long perioikof peave, and
high grade of civilization, which was- erected
by the planting of colonies and the construc
tion of roads, (an equitable policy.) Commerce
radiated everywhere upon the land, and visit
ed the resident population in the very heart
'of the continent, as far as population .then es
'tended, as a shower of rain visits a- field of
,wheat and irrigates each separate blade;.
Now, it is the immediate privilego,power,
'and duty of the American Republic to-restore
agaln on a grand and expanded scale the. eget
;table, highly polished, and active system of
the Raman Empire, We must We tile - worm
the Pacific railway, to connect the elOida
Philadelphia and San Francisco, and reduce
the navigation of the seas to mere ferries of
steamships. Now, the configuration of Europe,
which contains two hundred and sixty-seven
millions of people, divided into one hundred
and forty-seven nations, is A. sloping plain to.
wards the eastern coast of America ; and it
is in that direction that it debouches alb its
waters. So - in Asia, the great rivers of China
and Siberia debouch upon the western coast of
America. It is thus we separate the two
eOuntrles—holtling them apart as enemies,.
or uniting them in the bonds Of corn.
meree and fraternal relations of comity..
We • have then reached thatglorious
time, when we are about to complete the
zodiac of empires round the world, and about
to give mankind the shortest routes of inter
communication, entirelywithin the temperate. •
zene, departing from it td traverse the
equator four times, On a voyage to 81,1111111 ,
ourselves with a single chest of tea; bring.
Paris, the centre of European civilization,
and Pekin, the-centre of Asiatic civilization,
within a straightiline of ten thousand miles,
never departing from the climates which are
suitable-to the well-being of our people, to
their industry, their life, and to their system
of transportation.
I know that to business men, about single
business matters, these remarks are hardly
apropos. But, in speaking on these subjects, I
have considered the facts which are most
valuable to be brought to the attention of the
people in all parts of oar country. Ido not,
therefore, hesitate to enunciate them, when
the audience whom I meet is willing to accept
them. Sir, living as Ido upon the other clank
of this great continent, myheart is perpetually
panting and palpitating for a concord of ener
gies with my fellow-citizens of the East,
ror their clear apprehension of the har
mony of our geography, and that they may
appreciate the absolute necessity of taking up
instantly, and in all its vigor, the idea with
which our country was firstplanted here, "The
Continental Republic." When the first difficul
ty arose which dissolved the Union between
the Colonies and Great (lam speaking
now in presence of that sacred spot where not
only that great deed, the Declaration of Inde
pendence was done but where its success was
matured and the Constitution formed which
gave a more perfect form to the energies and
liberties of AMericans. I see in these civil dis
cords which have shaken the covenant of 1787,
and Which have brought about another period
of blood and anarchy in our country, bat the
initial step to a reorganization and reintroduc
tion of the supreme continental idea with
which the colonies were first planted on the
American Continent. In lfia, right in front of
us, they had a Continental Congress, a Conti
nental cause, a Continental army, a Continental
marine, and a Continental currency! If the
name boa been lost, it is time that it shall be
revived by bringing forward in full vigor the
idea. of 1776. We shall then have a North
American republic joining the seas and indis
solubly areldn,e . the continent,
I care not with whom I may differ in espreaa
ing these sentiments. I heard, whdn a child,
how Franklin, when the popular mind was not
yet fully ripe, dreamed over the future of his
country, and when it was time put forward
his theories.
Allow me, now, to come nearer home, and to
ask your attention more particularly to that
grand portion of our continent which lies be
tween the trough matte by the Mississippi
river.and the bank of the Pacific sea, on the
western half of the continent. I stated that
the mountains, which form two-sevenths of
the area of North America, and are visible
from the Pacific, are the prolongation of the
Andes of South America, or more pro
perly the Northern Andes. Those which
accompany the coast of the Pacific are
known AS the. Sierra Nevada de los Andes,_
the snowy chain of the Andes. The one which
is midway is known as the Cordillera Madre
de los Andes, the mother Cordillera Of the
Andes. It is this grand backbone which di
vides the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific
seas. As these two great cordilleras diverge,
they embrace between them a plateau, which
is a prolongation of what has peen known as
the table lauds of Mexico. This extends
through to the Arctic sea. The Cordillera
Madre is, of all the mountains of the globe, of
the most stupendous framework, and the
grandest in all its characteristics. It is
primeval in its formation ; it is of the rocks of
the interior casing of the globe ; . it has been
thrown up by volcanic action in its vertical
position, and remains unchanged bythe action
of volcanic forces, other than its erupted posi
tion. . .
The snowy chain of the Andes, which is
nearer the sea, has in it peaks of greater alti
tude than the mother Cordilleras. Its sea
front, which -receives and /liAds the va
pors of the ocean, is densely cumbered with
forests, and its summits are marked by
perpetual snows. Here are immense over
flows from the cratersof volcanoes, the molten
mass of the inner world has been thrown
Out , and has covered up the primeval rock.
l'he plateau which joins thew by the road
from Vera Cruz, through the city of Iliskice,
to Acapulco, is about two hundred and seven
ty:five miles wide. One of the cordilleras fol
lows the indentations of the Mexican gulf, and
the other of the Pacific, and the plateau wi
dens out and retains its symmetry with them.
Here it will be Seen that where the isothermal
axis crosses from Cape Mendocino to Cape
Cod, the American continent attains its great
est width. It is there that the Mississippi
drains the country from Denver on the west to
Pittsburg on the east, and the. country attains
its most expanded size and most superlative
characteristics.
Hero, then, under the fortieth degree of lati
tude is situated the. Territory of COlOrild4,
andits position, I think, is peculiarly attrac
tive to the people of Pennsylvania. Your
State is traversed through its centre by the
Allegheny mountains, the eastern half look
lug towards the Atlantic, with Philadelphia
for its eye; the Other half, with Pittsburg as
its commercial centre, is Within, and in all re
spects identified with the.great system of the
Mississippi basin.
Now, in the distractions, of the older conti
nents, for many centuries the mountain bar
rier was impenetrable to the arts and civilize,
tion. Even now the Alps and the Pyrenees
are arranged with fortresses to keep the na
tions asunder forever. In America, however,
these barriers have been placed within a single
political family, that the interests of mankind
might be furthered by piercing the moun
tains, and to advance the comity' of the human
race.
Another fact of profound importance is dis
cernible in the length, given east and west in
States such as Tenne,ssee, Kansas, and others,
so as to connect these barriers with the now
navigable channels of the rivers, and render
it compulsory on the people to keep them in
harmony. The Teriltery .43( ColbradO is
bi
sected from north to sotith by the great
chain of the Cordillera Madre. Like the great
State of .Pennsylvania, which guards for us
our avenue to the . Atlantic sea, so will we
guard for you the avenue. from the great basin
of the Mississippi to the , Pacific ocean, and
onward to the Asiattepeople.
In the mineral productions of the Rocky
mountains there is this simple geological lack
Theriat calcareous plain of North America
is a -homogeneous system. In the limestones
it contains, the precious metals are not to be
found, for the simple reason that it is impossi.
bye for them tmexisi time. No more can tivil
great inland seas, through which rivers
pass, be. salt -; but the great stationary
reservoirs of ; water in the seas, and those
bodies of water which have no outlet are full
of salt, invisible.to the eye.
Now, the great mountain system of North
America consists Of the two cordilleras and
the enclosed plateau, which is traversed by
seven sierras alinost equal in altitudes to the
Cordilleras,. and which pass from one cor
dillera to the other, The Sierra of Queretaro
cute off and forms the basin of the city of
Mexico, Occupying the space to Tehuantepec.
The Sierra of the Rio rlorida cuts Off the baSiti
of the " Ralson di Mapini," and separates
it from the basin of the Rio del Norte.
These two basins are looped in all around
by the mountain rim, have no outlets
to the sea, and have on evaporation
to scatter their accumulated, Waters. As
cending still to the north we eneounter
the great Sierra Mimbreo, which divides the
basin of the Rio del Norte from the basin of
the Rio Colorado. Surrounded as it is by
snowy mountains, immense rivers are neces
sary for its drainage, and these break through
the battlements of the Cordillera in the RIO
del Norte to the Mexican gulf, and the Rio
Colorado to the Piscine sea. Where they pass
out the Del Norte is lost for one hundred and
twenty-seven miles In a deep gorge of the Cor
dillera, while the track of the Colorado is lost
fox five hundred and fifty-seven miles at the
bottom of a iirofound chasm, in many cases
ten thousand feet in depth, with perpendicu
lar walls of granite rock, Next is the Snake
river Sierra, which cuts off the basin of the
Great Salt Lake. This has no outlet---evapora
tion serving the purpose instead of drainage.
Then there is the Olympian chain, which cuts
off the basin of the Columbia river. This river
passes thrOugh the Cordillera of the.Facifle at
the cascades, in the State of Oregon. Fraael l a
river, too, cuts its way through tlis Cordillera
of the Pacific, and finds its way So that sea.
This, then, is the wonderful hydrography of
the mountain system : the enclosed seven ele
vated basins are themselves of mountain altti
tude, being gig thousand feet, above the, sea.
The plateau,. then, and the Cordillera, form
one combined and Stupendous mass of snowy
mountains. All of these are one elevated
mass, protruded through the crust of the
earthls surface. In the original foßMatiOu of
the earth, eVerything being is liquid form,
naturally cline the taws of nosing gravity,
into the lower rooks, therefore
and it was
that the Precious metals, such Vs
and silver, found their way i and it iS
only where the crust of the earth's sur
face has been ruptured, and these rocks pro
truded, that the ores of the precious metals
are found. It is these oohs then that form
the extreme summit of the Sierra. heretofore
since the 4AVA of Mae tiho slopolt of gOld has
TRIM WAR rinmss.
(PUBLISIAE.D WEEKLY.)
Tn Nr Art t•.t6 WIT nt f. 13tibserlbeni tir
mall (per Li !1.4. 1 '. :11:2 , 2,) 'lt $2 pp
'lO 00
11 copl,'S AOOO
Larger clubs t La& Ten will be eblrge.d a *Ube
ro 11if4.00 per roPY.
2. " r a r inell intigt alwa foe accompany the ceder, (Ma
in no inctonce can theta terms be deolated from, at
they afford very little more than the coat or payer.
aCiPPostmasters are requested to act as Wall
for Tan WAit PaLBS.
Ur To the getter•np of the Glob or ten or twaty,
all extra copy of the paper wilt be given.
. ,
been found in the placers that; is to say, by
some Chemical process of nature the or of
gold have been dissolved, and the metalliC
particles washed down with the streams, and
were depoatted in the alluvium at the base Of
the mountains. Until the time of Humboldt,
and the experiments malls by the Russian
,Demidoff in the Ural mountains, no efferts had
been made to extract the gold from its. ores.
They had relied on _the pure gold which they
could pick up. The experiment made by
liemidoff was not a success, and was only ktpt
uo by the pride of the Russian Government.
All 'the gold heretofore furnished by Biotic°,
California, and Australia has been obtained
from the placers. Some of the earliest settlers
of California; Gen. Frei:ant among them in
troduced into California the Rutteitlti system
of reducing gold from its ores. Experiments
had been made on a small scale in Georgia
and the Carolinas, but here as there, owing to
the enermouwexpense of machinery and other
appert,eneneear, and the hardness of the orea,
It was an. on tire fante, The only prooololo Pot
was the grindingof the ores On heavy stamp mills, its amagamation with quicksilver,
and the evaporation of the quicksilver, whioh
left the gold in a pure state. The gold-bear
ing rocks hove been so densely crystalline, aa
to wear out the initehineS fiSed to powder
them, and wham amalgamated the yield er k. old
was so small that it amounted to nothing,
Bence, the failure.
Now, after the'SUeeess of the gold fever in
establishing the present and prospective sup
my of gold for the human race in the State of
galifornia, and having plecertalned that the
whole mountain system was uniform ly NOM
hearing, wherever the primeval rocks wore,
thrown up to sight and search, it was found
that the eastern front of 'the great mountain
system, and right in the trackof the great
columns of the people marching broadcast
over the continent, that 14/0 precious* metals
could be reached the sane as at the feet of the
Sierra Nevada in California,
-
From the trough of the Mississippi river tO
the CordelleraMadrewhieb bisects the Territo•
i
ry of Colorado, there s a gradual slope of about
1,200 miles in length, and rising until it reaches
an altitude of 8,000 feet above the level of the
see. Tee diseovery of placer formationsgave
hints that the geld came fromabove, anti there
it was searched for and found. Here are found
the ores of gold, iron pyrites and others con
taining the highest per centage of the precious
metals. On experiment, it was found that gold
could be reduced from the soft and rich ores,
and pay largely, These are M e Meng the' results
of extended eieriments and improyeMerita
in machinery. But the topography of Colorado
is peculiar. It is here that the plateau of the
mountain system, under the fortieth de
gree, attains its greatest breadth. Every one
is familiar WWI the beautiful 'little basins of
the Alpe, Geneva, and ceitetenete with the
valley of Cashmere, at the source of the Indus,
in the Himalayas. These are little basins
where the streams collect and linger for a
time, forming such rivers as the Rhine, and
Rhone, and the Indus. In the grander scheme
of the 'American continent there' are a hue:-
tired greet 'elvers which find their aollreesp in
the snows of the. Cordillera Madre, and tre
verse the continent on its two slopes, Their
sources are so close together that from one
peak may be seen seven of the great rivers of
the American continent. Between these rivers
. radiate five of the great snowy chains of the
' AnteriCallcontinent, anti which enclose
basins which are Ramie as parks, Firilt
. is the park of North Platte, Meer, which has
tong's Peak at its right end. Then the
middle park, the source of the Rio Colorado.
' Next below is the South Park, which contains
the head of the South Platte, passing out to
' the city of Denver and reaching to the bits
: ootiei river, which 'by Way et the Mississippi
Conveys its drainage to the gulf, The
the source of the Arkansas which also bas its
exit in the gulf. The next' - is the park of San
Luis, containing the. heads' of 'the Rio del
Norte, which traverses the plateau 1,100 miles,
and then burst through the Cordillera Madre,
aid discharges into the Mexican gulf, The
plateau has thus but three outildit for its
waters, one to the Gulf of Mexico, one to the
Gulf of. California, and one to the north
through the Columbia river.
It is the system of the parks e biseeted as it
is by the fortieth parallel of latitude, and
right where the isothernlal feels traverses the
continent, concerning which I desire to say a
few words. A great combination of valleys—
capable of containing many millions of people
—not covered with water like Geneva and
Constance, but drained by the great rivers
which dehouch from them : these are exqui
sitely beautiflll, WO, and fertile, generously
adapted for the residence acid Kelley occuPa ,
tion of mankind. Where the 146th meridian
of longitude bisects the territory, a longitu
dieal railroad can be built southward to the
city of Mexico and a rich and prosperous
trade developed. Thus will defeat the schemes
of the European nations who are eneeavOrlite,
to rob us of the benefits Of fraternal inter
course with the people of our omit continent,.
Being in the heart of the continent, and one
thousand five hundred miles from any water
surface from which evaporation could reach
them, tin e having an altitude three miles above
the sea, screened by the snowy 11/0110tains
which everywhere encompass • them, these
parks present the most fasealible condition*
of temperature and climate to be found on the
continent. Situated above the region of the
clouds we have a rainless atmosphere, but one
lemt is extremely bracing, tonic, and salu
brious, it is a uniform atmosphere. We
count on lee days of fine, brilliant, Mitt
shine weather during each year. Rains and
transient storms occur, just to remind those
weo have left the maritime climates that they
area feature of nature, but they never disturb
labor or the enjoyment of life in the open air.
The whole plateau has the MOH perfect atmos
phere that exists on the globe, Wheii the
popularmind was first directed to these coun
tries, it was decribed as a mysterious desert
country, 'which it was almost certain death to
cross. Upon careful examination, it was found
to be pmenlineletly adapted, to the system of
irrigation. The country ecems to be formed,
as if were, by nature for this purpose. Being,
as it is; in the great highway from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, at the summit of elevation, it
will become the great toll-gate of the corn
rnereethat will pour across the continent.
All these are facts which have been Obtained
from traveling in every portion of that conye
try, beside which, I have fortified myself
with facts obtained from nearly every work
on the subject that I could find in the libraries
of thereat cities. When I. first crossed the
plainsei had with me the works of Humboldt
and Liable's admirable chemistry.
On these immense plains, mice popularly
suppo thirty-five deserts headftig: Mend, I
found millionof aboriginal
cattle, and when we consider the wild horses,
the . elk, the bear, the antelope, and the
badgers that roam over these tracts in bound-,
less profusion we may arrive at an idea of
the number of domestic , cattle they will safe
port, Fifty sheep or five heed. of demeet 0
cattle can be supported on what would be ne
cessary for the sustenance of one buffet&
The soil is dry and dusty from the fact of the
rainless atmosphere, but they are beautifully
smooth. Great rivers,which collect the eternal
thews of the mountalne, course throughlit, and
their waters can be applied in irrigation. The
vegetation is a fine, eelicate grass, that forms
the carpet of the plains. This the heat and
droughts cures into hay, on the ground, and it
is on this that one hundred and:fifty millions
of animals, between the MissiSSippi river and
the Pacific sea, are fee. Here, then, is the
great reset voir where : the eeestantlteinereafe
ingpoptlation of our great eitieg are to find
their ffesh—food.
It has been my advantage to see much of the
country of the I , ar West—to converse with dis.
coverers and explorers—and I have endeavor
ed to reduce these facts to shape and system.
We must reach the hearts of tile people, anti
assure them that there is a system, made in
the supreme beneficence of tile Creator,
A fact to which we must again advert is that
Colorado is, of all the mining regions ofethe
world, especially one for the precious metals.
Its discovery is supremely propitious. During
the war the gold of California: did not come
to the Atlantic coast, but nileSed direct to
Europe. Hence, the total withdrawal of the
precious metals from .circulation, and the
diffusion of greenbacks. The discovery of the
prolific mines of Colorado will necessitate the
circulation of her mineral, wealth throughout
the Atlantic States and their thirty-five mil
lions Of people; and we will not be impover
ished by our gold geing to 1111 the pureee of
foreign nations.
The primeval character of the main Cordil
lera is another advantage. It is soetupendous
and vast that the volcanic force was expended
in the upheaval of the mass, and so escaped
being covered With lava from craters, as the
other rocks have been. In the corelilerae of
the Pacific, the sea slope is covered with a
forest, and the eruptions of volcanoes have
covered up the primeval rock, so that they
cannot be worked for the precious metals.
There the exposure of the solibbearing reeks
is the exception, but in Colorado it is the rule,
These, then, are about what occur to me as
fit and proper to be spoken this evening. lii
he year 1848, when I was at Jefferson City,
Mo., just after the termination Of 'the Mexican
war, there was a small battalion of infantry
w I had made the /Our campaigns of
that war, the Donipban campaign e that to
Mexico, that against the Claim and Nevajaee,
and that against the ten confederated tribes
or .
Ind dw er wh inchf ntheen
p n w fe e ed ,
t Th ebons
wished lee to make them a speech, which I
did in the Senate Chamber of the Sapitol,
Foreseeing - then what Would result rrom the
activity of the people, caused by that 'war, ant%
by the accession ofNew Mexico and Califon
ma, I closed on that occasion with app apostro
phe, which I will repeat here, as a prophecy of
what is to come as the consequence of the still
greater war which we have Jost successfully
brought to a close
Hail to America, land of our birth )hail to
her magnificent, her continental domain; hail
to her generous people, hail to her victorious
soldiers : hail to her matrons and hermaidens,
hell to this glorious Union of her States; hail
to her us she is, hail to the sublime destiny
which bears her on, through peace ana war, to
make tile limits of the continent her own, and
to endure forever.
MAJOR GENERAL A. J. SMITE'S FAREWELL TO
TEN 16TH Coars.—Major General A. J. Smith,
in his farewell to the PM ,Corps ) which h"
been disbanded, by order of the President,
Says :
Fort De Hussey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou,
Lake Chicot, Tupelo, Nashville, Spanish Fort,
and Blakely attest . your gallantry and success
during the last year .or the war, You havo
never experienced defeat or repulse, Your
military history. is without blot or Elitan.
IVlth this record • of your service you
`can return to your respective homes as
mustered out with the consciousness
that you have performed your full duty, won
the re e i smt an d a djawatlon of your command.
ers, and well deserve the confidence and trust
of the country that in her hour of danger
placed you in continued trusted tO ner
battles. Still to merit that cond.
denee and trust by becoming as good citizens
asou have been soldiers.
ByMW:ober tliat for a republican Govern..
meat the main regulate is enlightened, moral
and industrious eltlSens, Unless you beCOMO
such the results memoryntire serviee have oB4,
to you. Let the of what you en.
dured endear to you every foot of American
soil. Having asserted the supremacy of tau*
general. Government in arms, assist now in:
creating for it a glorious future among nations.
J. SMITH, Major GO a
JAs, ii. Cogsoroes, Captain and A. A. G,
eeond Board—flie l p,
er
New York Meeks
tem
ull but firm, Nipper Is
.t, The following were
t 3K t o'clock;
, Bitl-A.sktd,
MO, Southern, tS,X MX
1111uois Cent 1.124% 125
Pittsburg....,.. 72 , 72%
Northwestern. 2 d 29
Northmon pro(
63
Vert Wayne , , • 97 97
WtOrkott ~, 7 414
Ohio% lifiss.th 7k 'JR
Canton Co ~,, 89 40
thouberland ~. 48 44
Quicksilver ..,. St 6216
215rip05et....... 1214 12%
a:Ile/1/60a 19 follOws f.
;01 /44N.
Tim stock market is
very easy at five per co
the closing quotatiOrte
3id.Aek'd.
U. S. 64, 'Bl c,..1073( 10781
IT. S. 649 c . .. 1067( 107
IL S. 5-2110 5w.106 106
U. S.lO-40 c 0... 9486 94
U. S. Certl(6...
Teume.see 85... 74% 74
Missouri RA—, 78 72
N. Y.Ventral s . Vat 08
Erie 87
Hudson ElTer.lo9, 109 M
Reading. 106 10684
Kiehl gem Cent .10986 110
GINO 19 iroteil this
2.16 1 144% 144%; 18'