The press. (Philadelphia [Pa.]) 1857-1880, July 06, 1865, Image 1

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THURSDAY, WIN
1776. HU FETUS.
tiur Special account of the Great Cele
bration at Gettysburg.
A JOURNEY TOUGH THE CUM-
BERLAND VALLEY.
:flee Ileteption of „the Pkiinguishetf TrareNts
by the Prusperons People.
ale Old Battle-town Crowded with the
Patriotic and Distinguished.
TANNON-TI! I NRER, ENTHESTASIII,' , AND SERE-
NA pEs f SHER Iti THE DAY.
ne Procession to the Cemetery---
The Ceremonies.
Letter from tlic President, an Oration by
Cm Reward, and a Poem by U. G.
lialidue (lines O'Reilly).
:Description of the Cemetery, its Arrange-
mut and Surroundings
THE CELEBRATION IN THIS AND
OTHER CITIES
ttanSiaSin in our City during the
poiy--A Carnival of Light and
Music at Night.
EMUS OF THOESANDS OF PEOPLE ON
TRE STREET, ENJOYIAG THEMSELVES
'WITHOUT DISORDER,
fAcccises at the Acadeiny of Music
acid at the Seidiers , Home.
BY Pr.!. E. W. HOTTER AND
CBI - LES GIBBONS.
TIM SOLENA IVY OF THE OCCASION.
, The proecedhigs itt the Gettpantrg National
onet Pry, on Tues:iay last, were unusually
,:onn and i mprefsive. The time, the
%.ev, the SlFscr.lilaee, and the immediate
romlh: were all of a character to in
the :3e who were preca t with a realizing
of the importanee of the oceagion. It
cininentlyjusd and proper that the Fourth
should luvre bcca,-(:!,,,Aed for die
• • of the Comer,itone of the mounment, to
wouory of the tilineueils of breve men
o uttered tip their lives t, saerlilee tune
t u the Ivhert.:• it now has
t hallowea by ill ei 11'..10+1. The prese:;t, an
s.erstLry of the liz.,:trat ion of A:Atoll eau
i.ii:pentienee friar years, hat ha:3
•Iwneil upon 71:1 and happy ltepablic.
is the only one Olaf ever :ushi:red in a
'ee and entiriAy at( pk-opie.
THE 4 , 171."1..8URG.
s=o we hall o.eu • !,le to rejoice, and the
sC Wati 'CI/rated throughout
h. country. Ilic darkest perioil in
•• history of tr." ? , :hcllion, which hag fast
so suddol) ly Iso Oh ciently brought to
weTe the Cc w :lays preceding the
',ni?s.L cf Jul;, 16f1. A period which will
IT forgotten ; bat w h ich ill, perhaps,
i vitll v rernernhered by those re..
tait . ; in the lintnediate vicinity of Gettys.
Some days prior .to that ever-to-be-re
tendiered Yowl I. li if VMS known
cur - military minioanders, and to the natio
that the rebels had
n up their 1n , e :47 march from a point.
It Iredericksbery, and were determined,'
haziires, io cbanden their devaStated
his, ant with I hi . a,untlanthar
ts alla endeavored
snake forced ninichc,„ in the hope of
Reessfelly invading the Keystone State. The
:titcuient in Weshiogton, at thisjuneture,
s, probably serer inore intense'—not CVOII at 1
time when the relicts were stationed at
lington Pt!ights, or (luring the lest summer,
rn they tdu•eutened io invade the National
,hal from the Southt! sh le. Whet rendered
mop,: prcezirious at the time Of
!Ceti ysharg battle, was the fact that it was
cidcred necessary and expedient by the
i_ant it ies to transfer the entire Army of the
!came to anew cairn 11:11) er ; and while none
oted his capacity, and all acknowledged
a he had, when occasion offered, proved his
:alelfal skill in dircaling military stove
.., -. yet, many feared and questioned the
.-prnuy of t change lt the moment when
trt,op, were, cirav:3l. :U3 Li the, very tire
mL 01 battle.
he re,nit, however, was vntirely sati*facto
:And the most import:, ii hattl a of the war,
~ :evertd days' 11:•.: , ,1 remittal in
utter discomfiture of our enemies and in
complete iriamlh or 001 arms. The pax
rtar:3 of the Ceitysburg are too
n known, and too 4meurely imbedded in the
toouenroo: mot hundreds of thou-
of citizens, to ile:!0 repetition at this
For, while it was almost the turning
c Of the terrible struggle in which we were
; while if it hall terminated ditrin.-
1 rule anci (IVSt rnCt ion would have been
-10.11 upon this section, Which has mmitined
during these four years of
w:trilvre. thousands who fell at
battle will be ever awl reVerentlyremem
rr.l hmidrods of thoni,tandS, and
Mil be the ,thierican Mecca, to
pilgrims, for artily years, will rc-
1 : 0 :1 t..,t.1 feel. as they teenl the valorous
the departed, :tilt the sanctity awl
of the eridertattiog in which they
• , :s.. , t.that they irateeft are treacliug
tonsezrateil grown/. The
,1 1 orJuly 1i , t51 ivu not o,ltot,iti iii as
t.lsonts :And inbilutinns,
ilu• isual saluteS in our large eitie.9., and
';+ ,aeli•demonlitrations a,‘ are custom:try in
'Y city, village, town, and ltantlet in Penn-
The citizens of this State felt that
.!cAiny almost 14)em1et1 upon the result
•hat single any : ami although extensive
parations hail lc!;: 111...itie for celebrating
iimitycrary in Philnilelphin, in ylew of the
latoraltic condition of affairs, and the tact
a helve battle was raging within the bor. :
of our State, is was deemed proper
.iisrense with the celebration, wilitill itt
i: a lime would lie ',li mice and
Bing, and so that unhappy Fourth wore.
:,nd the air NVIISIIII,-il with direful rumors,
at mid-day, the electric wire flashed
! , :ugh the entire land the most welcome
thrilling intelligence of those two great
cuiries—Vicksburg mill Gettysburg. The
=cur had been Tw,!t , gcd. find stormea for
l:, before, by the indomitable aunt deter
hail Giant. Its surrenuer was only a ones
of time; its full was Inevitable. At that
fi.e the citizens of Site East, while they, of
ocrse, felt deeply interested in the struggle
` , hip on it, the West, which, if successful,
mild open the itri,;sissippi, we unques
"lablY were touch more interested in
JP effort which wus being made - to drive
Lc rebel 'hordes from our doors. Never
the ola lulatie I hat "The darkest hour
yast before the tom of day," now
rilcingly exempliiled than On that SAMO
of Jury. In an, instant after the glad
!dillga: were received, .61100 shouts of joy mid
•nt•ral jubilation Avvre nntnifesteil as b.ave
trely been Witnok•scd. But Gettysburg„ the
ihe of the conflict prcsen tea a most piteous
:vtacle. The neighborhood of Round Top,
old cemetery, the broad. plains, and the
shady valleys, 111101 bound it on the
and west, - were eldelly Strewn with the
"I, the dying ; and the wonnded of both an.
, ics. The good Eturirihtn, the various sant
,ry and Christian fniiioendi.ollS, and hosts of
danteer nurses were quickly on the ground,
sl ere long the dead had been carefully and
Tently interred, and all Dcw.sible was
; , ne to alleviate the sulTerings of the
vhlg. Singular enough, the heaviest
, 41iling, that occurred. ;tt the battle of Getty S ,
took place on a spot of growl('
IldjaeOnt to the old cenwt ery, situ:ilea in
==EMI
rt.W weeks elapsed berore arrangements
l‘ , •rn:cied to plirclinse some forty:toren of
gmlnoi for the pitrpime of converting it
ain ' t N:oh,n n t Cemetery, The plot is oblong,
" 11* 1111 1 T lllanlred foot in ivldth, which, after
itek' a short 4U3tanee, formi en
Near its ent nince the bodlee of
‘ l,! seliiiershi tre been buried, in lots seen - part
Or lbe different States, all radiating to a conk
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VOL. 8.-NO. 209.
mon centrejhe whole facing within more than
half a circle. 'The graves have been neatly
nnd apnrepriately marked, and in the majority
of eases tbe tunics have been obtained,
though some are marked with that meaning
li ord—'°ltfknown."
DEDICATION OP TICE CEmv:TEin
The nth of November 18M, was the day set
apart for the tiediest ion of the ,-;tered ground
and the a orator ofinassaelluseitA comme
morn led 1.1•• cecasion by the greats st historical
anis I fe. Those who were
and oratorical eireid
fortunate 10 hear Edward Everett deliver the
eulogy he pronounced over the retrains Of our
fallen Itinriyn 4 , mid the wonderful manner
with whieli lie illustrated the thrilling scenes
wliieii had been enacted upon the very spot
from wide]] 110 addressed his thousands of
eager listeners—and those, too, who heard
the brief, pointed, and elegant passages
that fell from the lips of the distinguished
statesman who has since given up Ills
life to the same great cause, Will never
forget the solemnity of the selyue, and the
love which both inspired. go minutely, So
thonght fully, so accurately Nvas the battle de_
scribed,that 0110 Would almost have fancied it
was hying re-enacted, The President's address
was 0110 of the briefest, yet, at the same time,
most e:xpresi4ve and effective of his lift. Both
these great nom have passed away: both luiVe
been gathered to their fathers, since the event
ful day Ithen they formed such prominent elm
meters in the dedication of 111_ cemetery.
Their absence was most keenly felt on Toes
day, and those who were present on the for
mer, could not help contrasting it with the
hitter occasion. The one lived long enough
to know that our cause must eventually tri.-
- umpli 3, the other was called heeee at the very
moment When the joyous shout , . "l 7 a restored
Republic were minglingthrougiond, t he length
and breadth of our -laud.
I=l
Gettysburg en Al on y evening %VI'S iill'Onged
With sU•:o:<sere. The trains which arrived
during the day were tilled to their utmo6t
capacity. The hotels and private residences
were greatly crowded, it being almost Wipes
slide for those who arrived late in the eve
ning of Monday to secure any ae9ooonoda
-lions whatever. The citizens of Gettysburg
threw open their (lOM'S to the onieers and civi
lians, but to the poor private soldiers, to
iNhom they should feel doubly grateful, no
hospitality - was extended.
General Iloward—who is a native of Maine—
the orator of the day, arrived from Washing
ton at two o'clock on the afternoon of the :kl.
General inward, as it will - be remembered,
lost his right arm at the battle of Fair Oaks.
Ile is a true gentleman and Christian, and
one more fitted for the occasion than this
brave soldier, could scarcely have been select
ed. At the time of the never-to-be-forgotten
and bloody battle of Gettysburg he command
ed the 11th Corps, and retrieved for it the
irritation which had been somewhat dirmag,ed
in the light at Unance - lioreyilie. Daring the
engagement at Gettysburg a member of his
staff was mortally wounded, and as soon as the
General was :dile to leave his post in the fight,
be hurried to the bedside of his friend and
fellow-soldier, nail there offered up for kiln a
fervent prayer. The wound of the young
odieer proved, as was feared, mortal, and he,
creltnig, "passed to that bourne front whence
no traveller returns? , Shortly after the battle
of Ci tysharg the, General this detached trout
the Army of the Potomac, and assigned to ti
command in the Army of the Southwest.
Ile co-operated with General Sherman in
one of the most brilliant and remarkable
marches on record. The GOA - eminent, at the
close of the late war, showed its appreciation
of the great and noble services of General
Howard, by placing him in charge of tile De
partment of the Bureau of Freedmen and.
Abandoned Lauds. His headquarters arc at
present in Washington, but it is expected that
he will shortly be stationed in Forth Carolina,
forOhe purpose of arranging matters and
things in that vicinity.
Governor Curtin arrived about seven in the
evening, having ridden overland a distance of
thirty-five miles from Itarrislim•g. He left
larrisburir at half -past ten in the morning.
Quartermaster General Reynolds of his staff,
Adjutant General lites* . ell, Inspector General
Tod, Colonel Greer, burgeon General Philips,
:Major Clegg, _Master of Transportation, and
his Private Secretary, Colonel McCoy, for
merly of the 11th Pennsylvania Reserves
accfanpanied him. The guests were as
follows: Major General Meade and son
Major Meade ; General S. Crawford and,
brother, Captain Crawford, General Sykes, Ad
jutant A. Loring, General Thomas and Son ;
Captain Thomas ; Major Emery, of General
Mcaile , s shot', hail Colonel Riddle. The ride
throngh the einte try was one that will never
fotgctlen by any One who accompanieo.
On every 5140 were the rich and fertile dells
of Pennsylvania, and every Pennsylvanian
present had jnirt came to feel a pride in his
State, and feel truly thankful that two. years
ago the rebel horde had been driven from its
borders, a defeated and scattered army.
riTEIN'H fYF GOVI OJ CURTIN AT DiLI:3131111G
At Pillsburg, York county, the party halted
to water the horses and refresh themselves.
After partaking of a luncheon, and resting for
a short time, time prepared to continue our
journey; lint at this moment an entirely im
promptu though exceedingly interesting and
pleasing incident took place. The ladies of
Dill.trarlq entered the room, in which - the
Governor aanti General Meade were, and Pre-
Seilted to each a bouquet. The Cieneral thanked
them kindly, but said he must call upon the
Governor to appropriately address them. The
Governor replied that ho fully appreciated
the compliment they- lied conferred upon a
gallant :301dier, who had done so much to pro
teet them in their firesides and homes. He
felt that the compliment was intended
more for the General than himself, as his
sphere of duty lay in an entirely different
direction from that of the soldier.
we had all cause to rejoice on the hap
py termination of the war, and. the return of
our loved ones from the scenes of conflict and
of danger, there were many who wonhineVer
again n chrome home the loved ones of their
own households. It should be a consolation;
however, to understand they died that liberty
live, and he hoped that their memories
might remain as fresh in the heartg of their
countrymen as the beautiful flowers they had
been pleased to present.
As 111 c Governor's party rode into 'Gettys
burg, the streets were lined Nrith the impatient
innit i t They eh eercd the Geo. - 01110r and
tiettetal ilit e nni, it the bnlletinarked walls
of Gettysburg resminded with deafening noiSe.
A saint e of thirteen gnus eras - fired by the 55th
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Ist Con
neetieui Voturnicers, and artillery composed
o,l:Tallies C, and E,41.11 U. S. Artillery; Co.
31, IT. S. Artillery, :mtl Companies B and L
of the ‘2il Pe»nsylvawia Artillery.
111 TN ATE 311 ST .-VlO.
General Gbrry had started Out to meet the
Governor told Gen. Meade with the military,
117711 (5( 1t them in regal style io the town,
bot, 11] , AP:tined ely, they inistOOk the road,
:we! Nen(le enterwl the town, which
Iwo yo;i3 s agn he had savea from capture and
itn.st certain a etitructio», without the intefuled
g nay' I of honer.
I=!
lht Monday night, at about half-past cloven
the tab Veteran Deserve from
11 ;e-lilt r glum, serenaded Cartin, GMI.
Meade, I tin BOV.II -I ,:altt the lion. ilorece
Alaynard, of Tennessee, at the hense of David
:11"111s,17lso., With whom they wiire stopping.
Apprepriat e rot narks were :nude by each one
of the above gentlemen. At a late hour the
proeeeded to the residence of Mr. Hat ,
per, and there loud calls were made for Gene
ral .felia W. Geary. Tho General stepped for
weed end returned his thanks lee the lute r
peeled honor, and hoped that they would oN.-
on:A! h !111 from inalcing e long speech. After
ijdlie few rcinarks, - the General Litt them gOOtl
night, and thelaind retired to their garters.
Miring the seremelesi fireworks, of every de
seription, Wore, being displayed. The utmost
order, itONVCV( . l',prpVlLiteti. The sale, of liquors
Imtl keen prohibited, and but few disturbances
took place.
About two years ago, a correspondent of a
certain New York daily, in his report of the
battle of Gettysburg, said a feW things with
Nchich the hood people of Gettysburg wore not
pleased. Tins same correspondent having ite,
turned to Gettysburg for this occasion, It moot •
lug of Citizens was held to discuss the proprie
ty of turning him out of town. It was unani
mously decided that Mr. - should leave.
This be refused to do, whereupon force was
about to be used, when General Geary inter
posed, and addressed the• people, and they,
after Inuelt parleying, consented that
aieUld remain, and remain he d
The Soldier's National Cemetery, as before
stated, is love - Led immediately adjacent to the
local camel cry, and consists of eleven acres,
which were purchased under the din:ellen of
Coy. Curtin, from different land owners, at
prices not averaging $2OO per acre. It occu
pies the ground upon which the centre of the
Union linos of battle rested July 2d and tld,
Mill, and was One of the most prominent Lou!
important positions en the battle-ground. The
Oiffercat Fta es appPopriated more money
than was necessary for the purchase of the
ground, and the surplus therefrom obtained;
ow:* t 0 u arils the payment for the monument,
the money for which, by the by, is now ready.
The following is a list of the soldiers in each
si al clot in the National Cemetery at Gettys.
1•11vg:
,
,3:t We 10:401tio 131
Nov, I ionipsll irc.... 401111dial111 ' 'it!
1 t•I Llo; , 1 001111toiit 0
7•l;l:4seJ huset is . 35P•I'llit'lligall . 100
11.1“...,1;• Islam! -
1-21Wiseote-in 71
lontret lent . ...... .. 2. Minn esoto
51;
Net, 01.1; 81;0 ; 17. S.VA:gu:tow 111 t
r
77 Unknout—No rift .. 411
Pennsylvetnia ...... 501! D 0 south .. 49.5
Delewnre 15 1 Do..lnner circle 118
M:111 lit,1(1
'Ate grouliki tiwvoliriatocl to CACII, Slatc, i 4
part, as it were, of a common centre ; the po
sition of each lot, is relatively of equal im
portance, the only difference being that of
extent, as determined by the number of inter
ments belonging to each Slate. Tho coffins
are deposited side by side, in parallel
trenches. A space of twelve feet is allowed
to each parallel, about five feet of which fortasi
a grass path between each row of interments.
The configuration of the ground surface is
singularly appropritrV at the point stdeeted,
falling away in a gradual and rogalar slope in
every direction, from the centre to the eir
elinifercnce, a feature alike pleasing and tle
sirable. In order to secure regularity, the
head-stones are precisely alike throughout
the entire tires of lots, and are constructed so
lts not to detract from the effect and promi
nence of the monument. The head-stones
form a continuous line of granite bloelcs,
rising nine inches above the ground, and
showing, a thee or wi did of len inches on their
upper surface. The mune, company and regi
ment being carved in the granite, opposite
each interment, thus securing a simple and
expressive arrangement, combined with, great
permanence and dnrabliity. The disposi
tion of trees and shrubs is such as will ulti
mately produce a considerable degree of
landscape effect.
The centre of the semi-circle has been re-
served for the monument. An angularly
shaped belting of dwarf shrubbery borders
partially separate it from the lots.
According to tai old custom of Gettysburg,
bells rang at three o'clock on the morning of
the 4th, rousing many from their slumbers,
and conveying to the mind of the stranger
that the ceremonie , : were already about to be
gin. A salute of one hundred guns was - Breit
at sunrise.
Preeisely twenty luhmteA past eleven to
day, the 'procession entered the Cemetery in
the following order
Aids. criiefmktshal. Aids.
Major General John W. Geary.
Cavalry.
Artillery.
.Infantry.
Major General Meade foul Stall'.
Officers and Soldiers of the Army of the Po
tomac. •
Ex-Officers and Soldiers of the Army of the
ME=
'Officers and Soldiers of the other Armies of
flatIM=ME
Ex-Officers and Soldiers of the other Armies
of the United States.
°Dicers and Ex-OlSeers of the Navy and Ma
rine Corps of the United States.
Soldiers of the War of 181.2.
The Diplomatic Corps.
The Orator, Chaplains, - and Poet.
The Committee of Arra .. g ~,,,,,,,,,
The Legislatures of the several States and
Territories.
The "Board of 3ianagbrs of the Soldiers' Na-
=ICOMM
Committee of Arrangements of the Borough
of Gettysburg.
The Press.
Fnnitary and Christian Commissions.
Masonic Fraternity.
Knights Templar.
Independent - Order of Odd Fellows.
Other-.Bcncroicnt Nszq)ciat ions.
Corporate Authorities of Cities.
Society of the-Cincinnati,
The National lniiun is. , soeiation Of
Thilthrtore.
The Clerg;,
Religious, Literary, Scientific, and Industrial
Associations.
Loyul Leagues. .
Fire Companies.
Citizens.
.list as the procession reached the stand
ninth had been erected in the centre of the
Cemetery, the I,realcing of several Of the
boards eac. , ed great excitement, bat forin
irately did but little damage. As General
Meade rode up towards the stand the excite
ment because intense. The cheers were deaf
ening as he walked, with uncovered head, to
his place upon the Illation - 9. Order having
been restored, General Geary said that until
the laying of the corner stone, the present for
mation - would be observed, but that the people
would be allowed to come forwaro, clot;e up to
the stand, so as to be able to hear every word
of the oration. Ile then called upon the baud
for music.
After which tnelyv. Di. Tyng advanced and
spoke es fellows
FRIEWPS Axo BirsTTIMEN: We have assem
bled on an occasion ofgroat solemnity, to
invite the presenee and the blessing of
the Almighty God. We acknowledge. Him
as the Gun of our fathers and of their children.
We COnftiSS Rim as the Gott of our nation and
of its posterity. Inc limier and His Wisdom,
ills mercy and His providence, have been dis
played in the whole Government of our land.
lie has defended US in danger; He has
been our shield in the day of battle ; Ho has
given us the victory; is our strength; lle
has been our Salvation, We meet this dayun
der Ms protection, and wish Ms gaidanco to
erect a monument of gratitude for His good
ness, and to the honor of the faithful men
whom He has been pleased to make the glori
ous agents of our Security and success. By this
fidelity unto death He has; restored power to
our nation, given stability to our Government,
establislicemissionaries among our people,.
lints secured the prosperity unit happiness of
Our homes and our honsChOldS. TO God we
owe the gift of such.noble children of our com
mon country. To it we owe the tribute, under
Him, of the highest earthly honor and the
most abiding and revered recognition. We
are gathered - here this day to proclaim, with
himmie but glad hearts, a common obligation
to Him whose inspiration gave the fidelity,
and to Mein whose deeds we would hold in
everlasting reinenibrieliCO. We eOllieSS Hint,
this day, as the gracious giver—as a divine
volition to us in the holy scriptures, which we
acknowledge to have been given by inspira
tion of God. That sacred book we revere
as tlw foundation and rule of all reli
gions truth. The glorious powers which it
proclaims. the immortal hopes which it im
ports. the holy rules which it impre,3seS; the
sanctifying power which it exercises us the
In i;lllihiC teacart of tlal living God, we llanl
lil gratefully confess, We honor the
Mighty Savior whom it announeeS, We ask the
teaching and wilt - y(llmi of a holy spirit to whom
it was pronounced. Let me call you first to 21
few appropriate utterances to the holy word
of God.
The. Doctor then quoted. from Deuteronomy,
xxxii, 7-9, after which lie delivered a long
prayer, closing with the Lord's Prayer.
French's hymn was then sung by the Union
Musical A* - sociation. Judge Gooding, 'United
States :Marshal of the District Of Colnuibia,
wag introduced by General Geary, who stated
that ho was a special messenger from the Pre
sident. The Judge read the following letter
PREgIDENT JOIIENSON , S LETTER.
To Drtria 11711 s, Chairman, dce., Gektpinerg, Pa.:
Tittit - Silt: I had promised myself the plea
sure of participating in person in the proceed
ings at Gettysburg to-morrow.
`That pleasure, owing to my hulk , poatiall, I
am reluctantly compelled to.forego.
I should have been pleased, standing on that
twice consecrated spot, lo share with you
your joy at the return of peace; to greet
with you the surviving heroes of the war, who
came back with tight hearts, thbugh heavy
iaden with honors, anti with you to drop a
grateful tear to the nunnery of those that will
never return.
- Unable to do so in person, I can only send
you my greetings, and assnre you of my full
sympathy With the purpose and spirit of your
exercises to-morrow.
Of all the anniversaries of the Declaration of
Independence, 310110 has been more important
and significant than that upon which you
assemble. Four year, of s t rugg l e f or our
iOn';'s life have been crowned with BaCeeSS,
and treason is swept front the land. Our ports
are reopened—our mint ions Wit it other nations
are of the most satisfactory character—Our
internal commerce is free—our soldiers and
sailors resume the peaceful pursuits of civil
life—our flag floats in every breeze—and the
only barrier to our national progress, human.
Aavern is forever at an end.
Let us trust that each retnrning Fonett. of
diflz, - sit:011111d our nation stronger in numbers,
stronger in wealth, stronger hi the harmony
of its eitizens : stronger in its devotion. to na
tionality and freedom.
As I have often. said, I believe that God sent
this people on a mission among the nations of
the earth ; and that when lie founded our na
thin he founded it in perpetuity. That faith
sustained mein file si niggle that is past. It sus
tained me now that new unties ftre devolved 'M
on me and new dangers threaten us.' I feel that
whatever the ineata. iIC •m4c,s, the Almighty is
lietermined to preserve us as a people. And
since I have F.:eell tile love our fellow-citizens
have borne t heir country, and the sacrifices
they have male for it, my abiding faith haS
been stronger than ever, that a " Govern
ment of the people" is the strongest as well as
the hest of govern - DIMAS.
In your :my to-morow I hope you will not
forget the thousands of whites as well as
biao,:s s'bom the war has , emaneipated-who
will hail the Fourth of July with a delight
which nu previous anniversary of the Declara
tion of Independence had ever gave them.
Controlled so lOng by ambitious, selfish
leaders, who used them for their own Un
worthy ends, they are now free to serve
and cherish the Government against. whose
life they, in their blindness, struck.
1 inn greatly mistaken if the Status lately in
rebellion ao not henceforward have an
exhibi
tiOn Of Stith loyalty and patriOtisla as never
was seen or felt there before.
When you have consecrated anational ceme
tery you are to lay the corner-Moue of a na
tional monument, which, In all human proba:
bility, will rise to the full height and propor
tion you design.
Noble as the monument of stones may be, it
will be but a faint symbol of the grand monu
ment which, if we do our clay, we shall raise
among, the nations of the earth, upon the foun
dation laid nint-and-eighty years ago in Phila.:
delphia. Tinto shall wear away and crumble
this monument, but that cannot perish, as it
rests upon the consent, virtue, patriotism,
and intelligence of the people, who each year
shall wake it firmer and more imposing.
Your friend and fellow-citizen,
ANDREW JOHNSON
Then followed Hayward's ode by the Union
Musieid. ASSUeintion, of - which the following is
copy:
This la - ittle-fleld—our nation's glory—
Where sweetly sleep our fallen brims,
Proclaims aloud the tragic story
The story of their luillow'a graves!
Yes! here, on Gettysbnws sod_ plain,
• This monument the tale will tell,
That thousands for their flag were slain—
Whilst fighting for ate iinloll-141t
PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1865.
Ifere red artillery's deadly fire
Alownl squadrons down in dread array;
"lyre Meade compelPd Lee to retire,
And Howard held his ground that day.
Then let those tntter'd banners Ware—
rOreVer sacred be this ground!
Sing palms to those warriors brave,
And be their deeds with glory eVOwll4ll
Wives, mothers. sisters, orphans dear,
Shall gather !round each clay-cold
And mourn their loved ones buried here—
Their htQlaouls, fathers, brothers dead.
Icow on this consecrated ground,
baptized with patriots' sacred blood;
11 e dedicate earl glorious mound
To the Gawp . mid God!
The COnlel , stollC waft tbCl) IWO by the Grand
Lodge of 1 e»Dsy]cnnia, iu thp following man
ner:
Being, cm the platform, the 11. W. G. Master
directs the Grand Marshal to proclaim
sitExCE, SILENCE!
The E. W. Grand Master then arises and
says :IZ.W. S Els; 10 GRAND - IV An DEN : The Grand
Lodge of Pennsylvania has been invited by
the President, of the Soldiers , National Ceme
tery to inn in duo mut ancient Masonic form,
the foundation-stone of a MOnnin Out, here to
be erect ed, to commemorate the deeds of
valor Mal the patriot 7 s death of those wlio, at
the call of their country, came forth to defend
its Constitution and its laws, and secure the
perpetuntion of the Union. This invitation
having been accepted, 1 am now here, with
my grand officers, to perform thiS duty.
Masonry demands that its members "shall
not be concerned in plots awl conspiracies
against Government, patiently to submit to
to tits decisions the supreme Legislature,
and per proper respect to the civil magis
trate.” This injunction enables us as free ma
sons, with one heart and one mind, to testify
by our preseneti, and the performance of our
solemn and ancient ceremonies, our love and
devotion to our country, and admiration
for the deeds of patriotism and glory
Arhich this occasion makes memorable. Let
us here, on the birthday of the nation, pay
merited honor to the memories of those citi
zens who have given up their lives in defence
of these principles? which test trite patriotism.
I now order that the grand Officers assist inc
in the performance of the: work. It is, there
fore, my will and pleasure that you proclaim
it to the E. W. Junior Grand Warden, and lie
to the brethren and others present, that all
having due notice, may govern themselves ac
cordingly.
It. W. Senior 'Grand Warden then says:
11. W. JrNion GitAIND WARDEN : It is the order.
of the It. W. Grand Master of the Grand Lodge
of Pennsylvania that this corner-stone be now
laid with 111asonie honors. This you u-ill pro
claim to all present, that the occasion may be
observed WWI due order and solemnity.
It. W. Ji nior Grand Warden their says:
Brethren, and all who are present, take notice
that the t. W. Grand Nester will now cause to
be tested and tried this foundation-stone, that
be may lay it in due masonic form. You will
therefore observe that order and decorum be
coming this solemn occasion.
Invocation by Grand Chaplain.
Music.
The Grant. Master then addresses the It.
W. Grand Treasurer: You will sec that the list
of articles and coins arc ready to be deposited
under-the fouralaticm-stonc. (Which the It.
W. Grand Treasurer reads and describes.]
The 31. W. Grand Secretary then reads the
inscription on the stone.
The Grand Master then directs the Grand-
Treasurer, there. being no objection, to de
posit the articles in the place prepared for
their reception.
(Music during this proceeding.]
The B. W. Grand Master then addresses
the E. W. Deputy Grand Master: Brother It.
W. Deputy Grand Master vou will see that the
craftsmen have well and-truly prepared the
corner-stone to be now laid by me.
Ilepnty Grand Master then takes his
square and lays it on the stone, tests it, ant•
says: It. W. Grand Master, I find the steno
square, and the craftsmen have well and truly
done their work. _
:Deputy Grand Master then says: S. Grand
Warden, you see that the craftsmen have pre
pared the Stone, and that it is }rile and trusty.
The SeniorCrand Warden takes his level
and places it on the stone, tests it. and says—
R. W. Deputy Grand Master, I rind the stone
level, and that the craftsmen have prepared
the stone true and trusty.
Deputy Grand Master says to the R. W.
.Turdor Grand Warden—you will examine if
the craftsmen have worked well.
The Junior Grand Warden takes the
plumb, tests the stone, and says—R. W. Depu
ty Grand Master, I find the stone to be plumb,
and the craftsmen have worked well.
Grand Master then says: It. W.
Gra/111i Master, your grand OflieerS hare exam
ined, tested, and tried the work of the crafts
men, and renort that this foundation-stone is
well and truly prepared, and Is now ready to
be laid by von as 8.. W. Grand Master of Ma
sons in 11(1 for the Commonwealth of Penn
sylvania. neeorilino• to the usages and ceremo
nies of our ancient and honorable Order.
The B. W. Grand Master then goes down
to the stone. The - Cram]. Master then hands
him the trowel. The stone is lowered on the
cement. The Grand Marshal then hands him
the gavel, and the R. it. Grand Master then
strifes it three times, inulthusproelaims amid
the acclamation of the brethren ;
I, as Grand Master of Free and Accepted Ma
sons, hereby declare this corner-stone to be
duly laid, square, level, and plumb, and may
the Grand Architect of iinaven and earth
bless the Work here begun and mats it 'memo.
ral de to the latest posterity.
The - Deputy Grand Master then receives
from the Grand Marshal the cornucopia eon
tanning corn, anti drops the corn upon the
atone, saying—
May the health of the workmen employed
in tins undertaking be preserved to them, and
may the Supi:eme Architect bless and prosper
their labor:s.-
The Grunt Marshal then takes the wine
froze f like table and presents it to the Senior
Grand Warden, who pcmrs it upon the stone,
saying—may plenty be showered down upon
the people of this ancient Commonwealth, and
may the blessings of the bounteous Giver of all
things attend all their philanthropic under
takings.
Tue Grand Tilarshal then presents the oil
to the Junior Grand Warden, who pours it upon
the stone, sari»g—
Blay the Supreme Ruler of the world pre
serve this people in peace, and vouchsafe to
them the enjoyment of every blessing.
The R. W. Grand Master then says—may
corn, wine, and oil, and all the necessaries of
life, abound IL7llOllg men throughout the world,
and may the bless - ingot' Almighty God be upon
this undertaking, and may the monument
here to be erected to commemorate the noble
end brave who have Sacrineen their rtv6s upon
the altar of thcirtountry be preserved to the
latest posterity.
Prayer—Grand Chaplain.
Music.
The procession may then remain or dis
perse without formality, The Grand Officers
remain and return in enter.
The following members of the Masonic fra
ternity participated:
Bro. Lucius H. Scott, Right Worshipful Grand
Master.
Bro. John L. Go('idard, Bight Worshipful De
puty Grand Master.
Bro. Richard Valls, Right Worshipful Senior
Grand Warden.
Bro. "Robert A.Lamberion, Right Worshipful
Jl.llllol' Grand Warden.
Bro. rotor Williamson, Right Worshipful
Grand T3Tramrer.
Bro. William IL Adams, Right Worshipful
Sioeri,lfirr.
Bro. James L. Taylor, MSistant Grand Secre
tary.
• Bro. Jos. T. Thomas, Senior Grand Deacon.
Iho. Francis H. Jackson, Junior Grand
D mom.
Bro. Henry J. White, Grand Marshal.
Bro. J wines Simpson, Grand Sword Bearer.
Bros. Adam Magg ,acid James Ferguson,
Grand Stewards.
Bro. William B. Se Grand Tyler
Rev. Dr. Stalilitrik;.
The following is but n partial list of the ar
ticles deposited in the corner-stone i
The Declaration of Indypentlenee.
Articles of Confederation.
Constitution of the United State. ,
asb iagton's Farewell Address.
N01114,P. of the Presidents and Vice Presi
dents of the United States.
Names of the officers and members of the
Senate and House of llepresentativeS of the
tidied States.
Names of the members of the Cabinet of the
United Slates.
Names of the ministers of the United States
at Foreign Courts.
3lessages of President Lincoln.
Reports of the Secretary of War and Lieu
tenant General Grant,
:Major General George G. Meade's report of
the battle of Gettysburg.
Coins of the Umteo Slates.
Copies of President Lincoln's Emancipation
Proclamation aid last - Inaugural Address.
Copies of charter Drat:ceilings of the
Board of Mani. e airs a the Soldiers' National
Cemetery of Gettysburg.
List of the manes of the soldiers buried in
the Soldiers' National Cemetery, with a tabu
lar list of the corps and regimental organiza
tion of the Army of the Potoniae in the battle
of Oct ysleirg.
Thitchelder's drawing of the battle-held
of Gettysburg.
Copies of the Constituion of the States of
Maine and New Ilampshire, Vermont, Ma_ssa
chusel Is, Jthotle Island, Conneetient, New
York, New ,Terser, Pennsylvania, Delaware,
West Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota,with
valuable State archives.
The papers of the different States are put in
respective boxes, and then sealed. Our own
State deposits the more important messages
of• the Governor, and other papers of value.
During the hurry and confusion of the ocea
sienit'vu 5111pO4gibie to obtain a complete
list, and I am compelled to send yon the above
just as T obtained them.
The following oration was then delivered
by General G. G. Howard :
GY,NERAI. HOWARD'S ORATION.
As I Stand here to-ddy before a peaceful au
dience, composed as it is of beautiful ladies,
joyous children, and happy citizens, and think
of my last visit to This place two years ago,
and of the terrible scenes in which it wits my
lot to bear a part, I cannot help exclaiming,
"now changed ! how changed!" •
It is the same rich landscape, broad and
beautiful, covered with every variety of natu
ral objects to please the eye.
The Manic wooded ridges and cultivated
fields; the same neat little town clinging to
the ; the stone broad avenues of ap
proach; the Sante 111 AIMS and ereelts—nut,
thank God, the awful maguiliccnee of hots
arrayed against each other in deadly strife is
wanting.
Yonder heights are no longer crowned with
hostile cannon ;the valleys do not reverberate
with their fearful roar; the groves and the
houses do not give back the indescribable peel
of the musketry
And oh! how like a dream to lit seems, that
sad spectacle of broken tombstones : prostrate
fences, anti the ground strewn with our own
N y 01111 (103 and dead companions!
Then follows, after battle, the mingling of
irktifis and enemies with suffering depleted
in all possible modes of portraiture.
The surgeons, with resolute hearts, and
tioo-ak hands; the pale faces of relatives
sutrehing for dear ones ; the busy Sanitary and
Christian workers—all pass before my mind
group after group.
friends, my companions, my country
men suffer rue to congratulate von anew to
dai:this 4th day of July, 1805, that this sail
WOO: is completely done, and that sweet peace
has: really dawned upon us.
On the nth of November, 1845, this National
•Ceinetery, a pious tribute to manliness and
vitt - no, was consecrated.
%Ile lion. Edward Everett delivered an ad
drd.s in his own rich clear, elegant style,
whip, having been published, has long ago
become historical, and affords us a complete
nuffgraphie account of the campaign and bat
tle of Gettysburg. lam deeply grateful to
this noble patriot for hie indetatiald.o indus
try in securing fuels, and for the clear narra
tive he has left ns of this battle, in which
every living Joyabsoldier who fought hero is
'Tow proud to have borne a part.
lie, joining the patriotic band of those that
are 'honored by eloquence, has gone to his
reward : and let his memory ever be mingled
with 111 - 01:e bell., upon whose graves he soear
nestlyitleolted your benedict ion.
Everett was folloWed by the few remark
able words of President Lincoln.
While Mr. Lincoln's mime is so neat and dear
to us, null the memory of his work and saeri.
flees so fresh, r deem it not icinpuropriate to
repeat is is own words
eFouriicore anti seven years ago nor fathers
Drought forth upon this continent a new na
tion, emiceived in liberty, and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal.
'flow Vie are enenged in a great civil war,
testing whether tutu nation, or any other na
tion so conceived and so dedicated can long
endure. '
"We are met on g. great battle-field of that
war. We are met to dedicate a portion of it as
the Mutt rest ing-place of those who hero ruvo
their lip es that that nation might live. It is
altogether fitting z.qat proper teat we should
dotbis.
"But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate,
we cannot consecrate, wo cannot hallow this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it far above
our power to add. or detract.
"The world will little note,.norlong remem
ber what 1; e say here, but it can never forget
what they OM here.
"It is for us, the living, rather 'to be dedi
cated here to the untinhited work that they
have thus far so nobly carried on.
"It is rather for us to be here dedicated to
I.lle great task remaining before us—that from
these honored dead we lake increased devo
tion to the cause for which they here gave the
fast full measure of devotion, that we here
highly resolve that the dead Shall not have
died iii van, that the nation shall, under God,
have u new birth of freedom, and that the go
vernment a the people, bythe people, and for
the people, shall not perish from the earth,"
The civil ' war is ended; the test was com
plete. Re, Abraham Lincoln, never forgot his
own dedication till the work was finished.
lie ilk/ display even increased devotion if it
were possible.
The (lead did not die in vain, and the nation
has experienced already the new birth of free
dom 01 which he spoke.
Oh I that, in the last throes of darkness and
evince., God had seen it good to have spared us
that great heart out of winch proceeded such
welcome words of truth and encouragement
How yen - my - Jell of grateful recollection clus
ters around the name of Abraham Lincoln as
we pronounce it here among the dead who
have died that our nation neigh not perish
from the earth
These grounds hare already been conse
crated, and are doubly sacred from the memory
of our brethren who lie here, and from the
association with those remarkable men, Mr.
Everett and Mr. Lin coln,who gave tone to the
eXerciSes Of consecration two years ago whose
OWD bodice are now resting beneath the sell,
but whose spirit is still living, and unmistaka
bly animating every true American heart this
day.
We hare now been called to lay the corner
stone of a monument.
This monument is not a mere family rceord,
not the simple memorial of individual fame,
nor the silent tribute to genius.
It is raised to the soldier. It is a memorial
of his life awl his noble death.
It embraces a . patriotic brotherhood of
herOesWC:l'4
In Its _/130ns, nneftti.Sing
herald of labor, suffering, union; liberty, aura
Lft us then, as is proper on such an occasion
as this, give a few thoughts to the Ani;:rielui
soldier.
.
We have now embraced under this generic
name of soldier, the dutiful officer; the voiiiu
teer soldier, the regular, the colored, and the
conscript; but in in remarks i will pres;alt
you the private volunteer as the representative
.nierieitu soldier.
lu the early part. of IS:A., the true citizen
heard that traitors at Wltsithiton. had formed
a conspiracy to overthrow the tiOrernment,
and sews after, that the Stars and stripes had
been fired upon, and had been hauled (town at
the bidding of an armed en.L my in South Caro
lina; that the capital of the nation was threa
tencd, and that our new President had called
for help.
low quickly the citizen answered
.the call!
Almost likemagic he sprang forth a soldier.
His farm or his bench, his desk or his corm
ter, was left behind, and you find him march
ing through the* then gloomy, thigiess. defiant
streets of Itattimore, fully equipped 'for ser
vice, with uniform gray, blue,
red, or green—
it then mattered not; With knapsack - , cart
ridge-boa, musket, and bayonet, 1116 outfit was
all that was required.
Ile was_a littla awkward, his accoutrements
much awry, his will unsubdued.
Ile did not keep step to music nor always
ep with his companions. Ile had SCUA rca
ly ever Area a musket, but he lord bec•nuti
soldier, put On his lace
towards the enemy, and taroiT wituntro,—
posed never to turn back t ill the soldier's work
was done.
You meet him at 'Washington (on illeridan
Mil-perhaps); discipline and drill seize upon
him, restrain ins liberty, and mould his body.
Colonels, captains, lieutenants, and sergeants,
his fernier equals, order him about, and he
must obey them. Oh - what days I and. oh what
nights! Where is home and affection ! Where
is the soft bed and the loaded table ! Change
of climate, VII nn ge of food, want or rest, want
of all kinds of ofd things, and an influx of all
sorts of new things, make hint sick—yes, real
ly sick in body and soul.
But in spite of a few doses of quinine and a
wholesome hospital bed and diet, (as the sol
dier of remembers them,) his vigorous con
stitution and indomitable heart prevail,. so
that lie is soon able to cross the Lung Bridge
u nd invade the sacred red clay of Virginia,
with his companions hi arms. 'Yet - , perhaps,
should you now observe him very closely you
will. perceive his enthusiasm increasing taster
even than his strength.
lie is On the enemy's side of the river; now
for strict guard duty; Bow for the lonely
picket, antis the thickets where men are killed
by ambushed foes.
'flow the eye and the ear, and, may I say it,
the heart, are quickened in these new and try
ing vigils! -
Before long, however, the soldier is inured
to these things; he becomes familiar with
every stump,
tree, and pathway of approach,
and his trusty gun and stouter heart defy any
secret foe.
Presently you find him on the road to battle ;
the hot weather of July, tile usual load, the
superadded twenty extra rounds Of Cartridges
anl three days' rations, strung to his neck,
and the long weary march quite exhaust his
strength during the very first (lay. sic aches
to leave the ranks and rest; but, no, no! He
did not leave home for the ignominious Hanle
of "straggler" and skulker." Cost what it
may, lie Tails on.
'TM; Acoli»k, the Cub Run, the never-to-be
forgotten Bull Run, are passed. Here, of a sud
den, strange and terrible sounds strike upon
ills ear, and beer down upon his heart; - the
booming of spotted eannott ; the Sereeellingof
bursted shell through the heated air, and the
zip, zip, zip of smaller balls ; everything pro
duces a singular effect upon him. Again, all
at once he is thrown unite unprepared upon a
new and trying experienee; for now he meets
the groaning* ambulunce and the bloody
stretcher. Ile meets hoping, armless, legless,'
disfigured, wounded men. To the right 01' him,
and to the left of hint, are the lifeless forms of
the slain.
kauldenly elarg,e iron missile of death strikes
close beside him . , and explotleS, Sending out
twenty or more jagged fraghlentS, which re
morSelessly maim or kill - nye or six of his
mates before they havelnul the opportunity to
strike one blow for their country.
Ills face is now very pale '
• and will not the
Ameriean soldier flinch and turn backt
There is a stone wall ; there is a building;
there is a stack of hay; it is so easy to hide.
But no! He will not be a coward! "Oh,
God, support anti strengthen use C' 'Tis all his
Prayer.
Soon he is at work. YonderiS the foe, "Lead
and fire;" "load and lire."
hut the cry comes, " Our flank is turned. a
"Our men retreat!" With tears pouring down
his cheek he slowly yields and joins the ro
t iring throng. Without any more nerve, and
little strength, he struggles back from a lost
Now he drinks the dregs of suffering. With
out bineket for the night, without food, with
out hope, it is no wonder that a panic seizes
ana he runs demoralized away.
This disreputable course, however, is only
temper:try. The soldier before long forgets
his defeat and his sufferhigs, brightens up his
arriart;and resumes his place on the defensive
- Ile submits for weary days to d iscipl no, drill,
and hard fare. lie wades through thesnows of
winter and the deep mud of a Virginia spring.
Tie sleeps upon the ground, upon the deck Of
transport steamer, and upon the floor of the
platform ear. He helps I otukin d unload stores;"
he makes faseines and gabions•, be_ corduroys
quicksands, and bridges creeks and bogs.
Night and day he digs or watches in the
trench es.
What a world of new experience! What pe
culiar labor and sulibring lie passes through,
the soldier alone cam tell you. '
Be now marches hurriedly to his second bat
tle ; soon after he is in series of theme. Fight
and fall back! Fight and fall back! Oh, those
days of hopelessness, sorrow, toil, and emaci
ation How vividly the living soldier remem
bers them—those days when he cried front the
bottom of his heart, "Oh; God, how long! how
long !"
Would you have patience to follow him
through the commingling of disasters from
the battle of Cedar Mountain to the same old
Dill Than, you would emerge with him from
the chaos, and behold his glistening bayonet
again on the successful debt of Antietam
Where glimmer of hope lighted up his heart.'
Would you go with him to the bloody fieldS
of Fredericksburg, staunch his wounds in the
wilderness of Chancellorsville, and journey
On with him afterwards to this hallowed
ground of Getre'sburg ; and could you be en
abled to read and record his toils, his sutler
ings, and all his thoughts, you might be able
to appreciate the true American soldier.
you might then recite the first chapter Of the
Cost of the preservation of the .American
t r don. In September, 18415, after the battle of
Gettysburg, the Government sends two army
corps to reinforce our brethren in the West.
The soldier 'is already far from home and
friends,i but he is suddenly apprised that he
must g 9 two thousand miles farther. He can
not visit his family to take leave of them. lie
has scarcely the opportunity of writing a line
Of farewell.
, The chances of death tire multitudinous as
they appear before his imagination, and the
hope of returning is very slender.
let again the soldier does not falter. With
forty others he crowds into the close, unventi
lated freight car and speeds away, night and
day, without even the luxury of a decent seat.
With all the peculiar discomforts of this
jouree37, the btwkings and the wettings at the
railroad junctions, the transfers from car to
ear, and from train to train; being confined
for days without the solace and strength de
riYed from his coffee, there is yet something
compensative in the exhilarating int:Menet , of
change. And there is added to it, in passing
through Ohio and Indiana, a renewed inspire-
Mon as the people turn nut in masses to wel
come him and to bid him God-speeds—a littlo
kirlS throw wreaths of flowers round his neck,
iss his bronzed check, and strew his ear with
own offerings of love and 4evotien.
$ Such impressions as were hero received were
Dever effaced. They touched the rough heart
anew with tenderness, and, being a reminder
of all the old home affectioff3, only scrred to
deepen his resolution sooner m later, by the
blessing of God, to reach the gOrd of ambi
tion ; that is to say, with his compatriots, to
secure to his children and to other children
ldUril,fi peace With libertz,' trait andividedi
country.
lie passes on through .tickittneky, through the
tattle-fields of Tennessee, - already historical.
The names, Nashville, ::Itone river, Mnrfrees
boro, ant: Tullahoma, remindea hint of I
struggles aud portended future conflicts.
Ile is deposited at Bridgeport; Alabama, a
b &useless, cheerless, chi llyytnee, on the lianks
or lily Tennessee; n
possoßying no interest fur
ther tha that furnished by the railroad
bridge (lest royed, mug the yet remaining - rub
-1 Mil and 111th of an enemy's ezu»p.
ilecore many clays the moldier theelulg 1104
way np the, tialley of the great river which
winds and t wists timid the rug7.:ed . monitifithis i .
ill he 'ands him , :elfluntenth Ili,: rock-crowned
steeps of Lookout.
Flash after flash, volume after volatile, of
light-colored smoke, :ant peal on peal of
cannon, the crashing sound of shot, tout the
!47reanting of shell, arc the ominous sign:; of
nufriendly welcome sent forth to meet bun
him this rocky height.
Yet on he marches, in spite of threatening
danger, in spite of the aleilmAt along-Ilk route,
Intl it he has joined hands with lilt Western
brother, who had come from Chattanooga, to
meet and to greet, him.
This is Inhere the valley of Lookout joins
that of the Tennessee.
At this place the stories of ' Eastern and
Western hardship; suffering; battling, and
din Igor, arc recapitulated, and made to blend
into. the common history and the COII3IOOII
saerilice of the American soldier. •
Were there Cone, I would gladly take you,
stop by Mop, with the soldier, as he I>ridges
mid crosses the broad and rapid river; as be
ascends and storms the Leigh; of 'Mission
Ridge; or as he plants his victorious Met,
naves 111mb:toner, and file!lieS hit gun on the
top of Lockout. Mountain.
\ ould carry you with him across the d eath
bearing streams; of Chickamauga. I would
have you follow him in his woo re. barefooted,
wintry march to the teller of Vaioxvine, mid
hack t.o Chattanooga.
l runt his point of view T would open up the
splieg campaign, where the great general MI
-I'loo his rein: rhabk work Of genius and dar
ing. - -
I
could point you to the soldier pursuing his
(army bit 0 the St roludiolds of Dalton, behind
the stern, impassable fentureg of Rocky Face;
Restive.; Cassville, Dallas, New
Hope Chmall, Dickett , s Mill, Dilie-top, Lost
Mcnntain, Renesaw, Chilps 7 Farm.
CHT"Pi4froma.l, leach-tree (;reek,Atlanta;from
so mem,- ponds Of view, and Jonesboro, arc .
aaates of battle-liehls upon cacti of which a
soldier-s memory dwells.
For Inywanis of a hundred days lie scarcely
rested flour the ecmflic•t. -
. .
lie skirmished over rocks, bills, aria moult
tainS ; through mud, streams, and forests.
For hundreds of mile , he gave his aid to dig
that endless chain of en trenelvmMts which
compassed every one of the enemy's fortified
positions. He compaolisd with those WhO Com
batted the obstinate foe on the fronton(' on the
Banks of those mountain fastnesses which the
ellelny had deemed impregnable, and he had
right at last to telio the sentiment; of his inde
fatigable leader, "Atlanta is ours, and fairly
won."
Could you now have -patience to turn back
with him and light these battles over again,
behold his communications cut, his railioad
destroyed for miles and miles; enter the
bloody fight of Allatootta, follow him through
the forced marches, via Rome, Ga., away hack
to Resttea, and through the obstructed gaps of
the mountains into Alabama, you would thank
Clod for giving him n stout heart and an un
flinching faith in a just mid 1101)10 enlist.
Weary and worn, he reposed at Atlanta, on
hjs return, but one single night, when he cont
inence(' the memorable march toward &1.-
's-et-web;
. .
7llc soldier has become a veteran ; he- can
merch ;di day v. ith his musket, his knapsack,
his cartridge-box, his haversack, and canteen
upon his pcyson ; his muscles have become
]arse and rigid, so that what was once ex - -
truiely difficult he new we omplishes with
:All i•ciul(!ll Se.
This rat must be borne hint.? ail When study
ing he sohl ors , marches through Georgia tout
thr carulhato.
The enemy burned every briilge across
stream after stream ; the rivers, bordered with
S:Nt tonps--mr exantple, the Ocimilgee, tin; 00°-
11 ( .0 , ntla the Otteelice—were defended every
crossmg. That they were passed at ad by one
forcer tine to the cheerful, fearless, iattOmis
la tll (3 private soldier.
Oh, that you had seen him, as I have done,
wading creeks ft hail amity in width and water
waist deep, under lire ' pressing on through
-adec swampg, without one faltering step,
charging in Idle M i dat the most formidable
works, which were well defended l YOU could
fIUM appreciate b;nl, amt what he has Itecont
pllshed, as 1 do. Yon could then feel the
poignant sorrow thfd 3 always did feel when
1 saw hint fall bleeding to the earth.
3. mast now leave the soldier to tell his
ov: it tale amongst the lweltC; . of his bold,
cot']: at McAllister aomst the torpe
does, itl,e Lis, art ili&ry. told m;:sketry ; of his
Pri% atioas at Savannah ; of his struggles
through the swanipsolnickse ads, and over the
broad rivers of the Cal'aill:1:•1• 3
Of the fights,
tires, c_N•plitgloll.B; all(1 triumphs 611K
csted I,y Rivers' cod ltinutt
her's. hi if gee, OrrmgelYarg, Congareeereek,
Cohma.hl, Cheraw, Fayette - alit', Averysboro,
itnet llcht omit le.
I will leave him to tell how his hopes bright-,
lied , at tlie - Fel:llkm at. Goldsboro! How his
heart throbbcd with gratitude and joy as the
es cen.firmed the rumored news of Lee's
r
or the enPrey , s eu ntat nod Of his entire arnty
1 will leave him to 1 el I.to yourselves and your
children hew he hit and acted; how proud
was his bearing ; snow elastic his step as he
marched in rexiew before the president of the
United. States, at I,),:aAtington ! I would do the
Soldier injustice not to say that there was one.
thing wanting to make his satisfaction com
plete, and that as the sight of the tall form
Abralmn Lincoln, and the absence of pat
bitter recollection which he could not alto
gether exclude from his heart—that lie had
died by the band of a traitor assassin.
1. have given :you only glimpses of the Ameri
can soldier asi have seen him. To feel the full
force of what he has done and saff.med, you
should. have accompanied him for the last tour
years. You should have stood upon the battle
lields.during and after the struggle ; and you
should have completed your iihservation in
the. army hospitals, and upon the countless
grounds peopled with the dead. The maimed
bodies, the multitude of graves, the historic
itelds, the monumental stones like this we are
laying to-day, after all, are only meagre memo
riids of the soldier's work.
God grant that what he planted, nourished,
and has now preserved by hiS MOOd—I mean
American Liberty—nifty be a plant (Wart° us as
the apple of the eve, and that its growth may
not be hindered till its roots are firmly sot in
every State of this truion, and till the full frui
tion of its blessed fruit is realized by. Men of
every name, color, and description in this
b oad land. .
Now as 1 raise my eyes and behold the place
where my friend and trusteed commander, Ge
neral Reynolds, fell, let me add my own testi
monial to that of others, that we lost in him a
true patriot, a trite am, a complete general,
and a thorough soldier.
Lyon him and the others who tiled here for
- their country; let there never cease to descend
the Most earnest benediction of every Ameri
can heart.
Let me - congratulate this noble Keystone
State that it was able to furnish seep tried
and able men as Reynolds who fell, and
Meade - who lived :to guide us successfully
through this wonderful and hotly-contested
battle.
in the midst of all conflicts, of all sorrows
and triumphs, let us never for am ;instant
forget that there is a Gott in Heaven whose
anal Is strong to help—whose balM is sweet to
aSSange every pain—and whose love embraces
all joy. .
To him, then, set us look in gratitude and
pinise that it has been ills will so greatly to
bless our nation; and may this monument ever
remind us and our posterity, in view of the
fact that We - prevailed again:it , our enemies,
" that righteousness eNaltetil a Nation, but sin
is ax.proach to any people."
Col. C. G. 11 - alpine (Miles O'Reilly) then read
the following poem, Composed by himself for
the occasion. The poem wasto have been read
by Mr. James Murdoch, the celebrated actor
and elocutionist, but indisposition prevented
his being present. This was Colonel Ifalpine's
Rest appearance in public. I understood the
poem was the longest he hail ever written.
TIIOI7GIITS OF THE MACE AND TIME.
As men beneath some pang of grief
Or sudden joy will dumbly stand,
Finding no words to give relief—
Cl ea r, passion-warm, complete, and brief—
To thoughts with which theirsoulsexpand
to here to-day—these trophies nigh—
Our lips no titling words can reach ;
The bills around, the graves, the sky—
The silent poem of the. eye
Surpasses all the art. of speech !
To-day, a nation sleets to build
A nation's trophy to the dead
Who, living, formed her sword and shield—
The arms she sadly learned to wield
When other hope of Peace bad fled.
And not alone for those who lie
In honored graves before us blent,
Shall our proud column, broad and high,
Climb upward to the blessing skyi
But be for all a monument.
An emblem of our grief, as well
For others as for these, we raise;
For these beneath our feet who dwell,
And all 'who in the good Cause fell
On other fields, in other frays.
To all the self-saine love we bear
Which here for marbled memory strives
'No soldier for a wreath could care
Wide)l all true comrades might not share—
Brothers in death as in their lives!
On Southern hill-sides, parched and brown,
In tangled swamp, on verdant ridge,
Where pines andbroadening oakslooltdown,
And jasmine waves its yellow crown,
And trumpet-creepers clothe the hedge;
Along the shores of endless Sand,
Beneath the palms of Southern plains,
Sleep everywhere, band locked in hand,
The brothers of the gallant. band
Who here poured life through throbbing
Veins.
Around the closing eyes of all
The same red glories glared and flew—
The hurrying flags, the bugle call,
The whistle of the angry ball,
The elbow-touch of comrades true!
The skirmish-fire—a spattering spray;
The long, shards growl of fire by Me,
The thickening fury of the fray
When openingbatteries get in play,
And the lines form o'er many a mile.
The foenlan's yell, our answering cheer,
Red flashes through the gathering smoke s
Swift orders, resonant and clear
Blithe cries from comrades triedtmd dear t
The shell-scream and the sabre-stroke;.
The rolling fire from left to right,
From right to left we hear it swell;
The headlong charges, swift and bright,.
The thickening tumult of the fight
And bursting thunders of the shell.
Now closer, denser, grows the strife,
.And here we yield, and there we gain;
The air with burtthig missiles rife,
Volley for vollep, life for life—
No time to heed the cries of pain!
Panting as up the hills we charge,
Or down them as we broken. roll,
Life never felt so high, so large,
Anti never [Per so wide a naarge
Lt tritiMpli Swept the kindling soul!
New raptures waken In the breast
Amid this hell of scene and sound;.
The barking batteries never rest,
And broken foot, by horseman pressed,
Ottlibernly Mitedi their gi:91114,
THREE CENTS.
Fresh waves of l!atile
To take the place of shal tered waves;
Torn lines that grow more bent and thin—
A blinding eloto:, a maddening din—
'TWas ihto• Were filled these very gravest
Night falls :it length with pitying veil—
A moonlit silenve deep and fresh :
Thette tlptiiimed Lwcs. firnhied amipale,
Vainly the (11111 nif 4 ht
For colder than t he dews their flesh I
And iliehuring far thrtmgh brush and proodi
Go searching purl toreh io
hand—
"seirc if vom eon softie rest and food,
At dthVil else fight will he renewed,
Sleep do 3 - 0.11; arms 1" the hashed ccummtnth
They tall: in whispers as they lie
in line—these rough mai weary men ;
"Delnl or lint wounded?" then a sigh
"ice eoirce either!" " ttites well try
To get those t gflas hake
"We live dugs to their one! ohol"
"That bridge— 't wos hot there, as we .
ras:sot
colonel dead ! It can't. so;
I,:aily- , -that I ]snow;
But he lzept saddle to the last."
"11c f-ure penil it if J r.nu—n
" ikpy toi4teto7 Bin, have yon -r ,
" A brown-haired.blue-eyed,laughiagdoll—"
boys, :_11)4/ God Reel) you: 11I''
" ..... asler:ll.? Gtvlsslllsleep too."
"Aye,,itis:i about thin hqpr they pray
:l76r f , 1 4 1/33, MIR Dig puss the WC. 14(1
And icon 11.!, quiet as the Clay
tutu) lbonsan,is hut:be riexttlay
The long-drawn sighs: of sleep arahoard.
* *
Oh, men ! to Ivhoiwthh, sl;eteli though ruile,
Calls hnel: some senue•of path. and pride j
Oh, widow ! . hitgginic.elose your brood,
Oh. Wile! with lulppiness renewed;.
Since he again 38 at your side ;
This trophy that t n , lay mice
.1191111,[ bo tt mounment for all •,
And on. it: side!:t no iggord phrase -
Confine a generous Notion> nruise
To those who here have chanced tceilak
But let us nll toglay conthine
till other monuments to raise;
Here for the Dead we band a shrine ;
And now to those who. crippled, pine,
Let us givo hope of liappier days!
7.c. ltemes ibt• these sad y.Teeks Of War
rThrough all the Imul with Fjpecti arise -;
Touguym cry from every galum; *car,
"lAA not our .brother's hers tomb debar
The wounded Living from your eyes."'
A noble day, a deed :0 good,
A noble scene in ? OS done,
The Birthday of our Nationhood;
And here again the Nat ion stood
On this same day - -its lire re-won!
A bloom of banners in the
A double calm of stir and non] ;
Triumphal ehant and inigle blare,
And green fields, spreading bright and fair,
- while heavenward oar 71(x , 5annas roll.
TTOF , annaS for a land redeemed,
The bayonet sheathed, the cannon dumb;
Passed, as some horror we have dreamed,
The fiery - meteors that have streamed,
Threatening within our homes to come.
Again our banner floats abroad,
Gone the one stain that on it fon—
And, bettered by Itig chastenig, rod,
With streaming eyes uplift to God
We Pay, "HE DOETH ALL TIIL - NUS w.ELL."
DEP.iLDIVTION—DY REV. D. T. CARIVARAN.
mrsic—Mixn.
After the 'benediction, the procession was
dismissed, and the Marshals and Chief Mar
shales aids formed and returned to the Court
house.
Salutes were fired at sunset and during the
movements of the procession.
nut wAspaixoTos DELEGATION,
The following distinguished party from
Washington were present; and participated in
the ceremonies :
Louis Moline), Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary from Costa Rica, Ni
caragua, and ]lonfl urns.
S.F. Asta Barron and:son, Charge d'Affaires,
N. S. Skein, of the State Department, and
Koh, 1.1 enty ,T. Raymond.
Just before the benediction, Goverinn. Cur-,
who had not intended or expected to
address the assembly, in response to the loud
calls of the people, stepped forward and spoke
a few but telling words,
THE DAY IN EIRILADELPJJIA.
The Celebration by the union League,
at the Academy of Dluiste.
According to announcement, the members of
the Union League and the holders of tickets of
admission assembled iu the Academy of Music
at 110011 en the Fourth of July. The Academy
was well ailed, :t large portion of the audience
being Indies. The decorations of the house
were, in the best of taste. The fronts of the
balcony, fan lily circle, mid amphitheatre were
covered h beating gracefully festooned,
and the points of festooning covered by
shields containing the coat-of-arms of each
Stale. The stage, which was set with a new
scene, representing the: old liberty bell, with
the motto: "Proclaim liberty throughout the
land," was occupied by the menthols of the
Let;gue and invited guests. Ileneath the centre
of :he archway over the stage was a portrait
of biugton wul on each side a portrait of
The proscenium boxes were beautirany de.
coveted with flags. One of them was occupied
by General McCook, who was present by iul•i.
tatlon.
The ceremonies were opened with prayer by
Rey. Cie.O. Dana Boardman. A Glee club, coin
poKal of several members of the League, then
sang the " Star Spangled Banner,” and "Rally
Mound the flag." The Declaration ofludepcn
deuce was then read by Daniel Dougherty, Esq.
Ile prefaced the reading of the Declaration by
readi»g the names of its signers. The cele
brated names were recelyed with applause.
The Glee club then sang a »amber Of airs, and
among others the following hymn, written for
the occasion by Mr, Boker: • .
HYMN FOP. THE UNION LEAGUE-Br-GEORGE H
BOXER, JULY 4, 18.5.
Air—" Old Hundred."
Thank Gal! the bloody ditys are past s
Our patient hopes are crowned at last;
And sounds of bugle, drum, awl fife ?
But lead our heroes, home from. strife!
Tbard: God, there beams o'er land and Mil,
Our blazing star of victory ;
And everywhere, from main to main,
The old flag flies, and rules again ! •
Thank God, 0 dark mid trodden race,
Your Lord no longer veils Ms face;
But through the olonds and woes of fight
shines on your soul a. better light !
Thank God, we see on every liana
'Breast-high the ripening grain-crops stand;
The em lm
ba - is bend, the herds increase;
But oh, .thank God, thank God, for Peace I
The oration was delivered by Charles Gib
bons, Esq . .
Oration of Charles Gibbons, Esq.
GENTLEMEN or sn UNION LEAGUE, LAMM,
AND FELLOW-CITIZENS OF TEE UNITED STATES:
America conies front her battle-lields to-day,
pale with the loss of blood, with all the stars
on her I'RlOllOllB flag, colamanding peace ! In
her brief career of eighty-nine years she hat
given to history its most remarkable Croats /
to science its most useful discoveries, to the
niecluntic arts their most important improve
ments, to labor its highest rewards ; and she
now exhibits, to mankind the triumphant suc
cess of her popular gOVOTIIIIICIIt. When, hag
gard. and weary under the yoke of her op
pressor, she ventured to deny the divinity of
despotisln, and to assert the inalienable rights
of all men to liberty and the pursuit of happi
ness, the darkness upon the dice of the earth
was too thick to be penetrated by the light
which she hung out to the world. She stood.
alone. Without army or navy, without purse
or scrip, with no friend among the nations in
whom she would trust, appealing to the sin-
Drente Judge of the world for the rectitude of
her intentions, she opposed her sublime, un
faltering fttitli to the brutal force of Englund.
"I ant surprised," said Joins Adams in Me,
"at the suddenness Its well aS•greatness of
this revolution. Britain has been filled with
folly, America with wisdom. It is the will of
Ileaven that the two countries should he snit.
tiered forever; it may be the will of Heaven
that America shall suffer calamities; still more
wasting, and distresses yet mere dreadful. If
Ibis be the ease, the furnace of affliction pro
duces refinement in States, as well as i 11,111.-
victuals; but I submit all nit' hopes and fears
to an overruling Providence, in which I firmly
believe."
"The day will be celebrated by succeeding
g,enerations as the great anniversary - festi
val, commemorated as the day of deliver
:thee by solemn nets of devotion to Att
mighty God, from ono end of the
country to the other, front this time
forward forevermore. You may think
me transported with enthusiasm, but I am
not. 1 ant well aware of the toil, and blood,
and treasure it will cost to maintain this de
cl arat ion, and support and defend these States ;
vet through all the gloom I can see the r:ivs of
light and glory, and that posterity will tri
umph in tins clay's transaction,"
So spoke the patriot prophet, who, is few
days before, bad risen on the door of Congress
and reverently asked that the blessings of
ellVell might rest on tlw new-born
and inabe it the most glorious of all that ever
lived. tie may - not have foreseen the dreadful
carnage through which the Republic has re
cently passed. From a deeper gloom titan his
eyes beheld, front a hotterlurnace than blazed
upon his vision, America comes forth into the
light of peace, liberty, multi glory, to keep her
ninetieth anniversary lest ival, and COIIIIIICIIIO
- the day of her deliverance.
We may properly illOtthe on this occasion
bow it carne that itunian slavery, the cause of
all our troubles and alliiettang, and atIVAVA nt
war with the principles of the Revelation,
was so strangely domesticated with them 415
to bailie the ettorts of the ablest statesmen,
and defy the power of Christianity itself to
cast it out. Suffer me, therefore, to refer to
parts of the history of bthe revolutionary
struggle which may solve this question; and
pardon ate if, in so doing, I vexyour ears
"with a thrice told tale." It is due to the me
mory of the Fathers of the Republic that they
shotild not be iimpliented in IL Crillle of which
they were not Only innocent, bat emstoittly .
ColltielliMed. and that the responsibility should
rest where it Justly belongs.
For a period of more than one lkondrod and
fifty years anterior to the llechkration, and
nearly a quarter of a century after, England
was engaged lathe slave trade. Simian - I st olcu
from Africa upwards of threem„lilionS of MOO,
IMMO ,ant' children, of whom nail' IL Milli/WI
died upon her hands from Sittilltaoll, Cetlel
treatment, luta disease; tb,e remainder she
condemned to" perpetual slavery. She had
about' three hundred thoy,isaud in her Amori s t
eon colonies when they oeelared their hide
bendenee. In order to secure to J.:vigil/Armen
a monopoly Of the wean" , to be derived froin
the business, ton hingliSh judgeS had given
their opinion that negrom ?erre tilereha 11(tae,
and that therefore t tie litiVlgmtion acts eX
eluded aliens from the trade. The crown, the
Church, the aristocracy, and the merchants of
E ng l an d want , all imp] jeatea tn this horrible
and infamous t reale r and ail united in their hos
tility t °free tabor in Amente, l'ite people of tho
Colonies attempted in vain to relieve them
selves said their country from the terrible
curse or litvery.
.They passed lawn restrain
ingtloll et nm'oe ich, were
the o • •
not :Wowed to Mkt: effect, in 1770 the tang
tssue,' instructions to the Governor of View,
nisi In . which lie was - commanded, on Plan of
tat, biw P best disl,llolllure, to assent to no law
WIDER WAR PRR 6 4E4.
(11A3LIVIED WEEKLy.)
Trul wAp I.;;Esz: itv hront (0 'hablerlberg br
m a i; (per :wit= lit :0% allet.,) at $2 59w
10 00
Lur k 20 00
I.Drpor thn it Ten WO/ by charged at the ssuats
rite, 14.00 per coy*
efumlyß veroinprvny the order, ana
in Th , Nol be deviated from, or
11 " 7 ' ?"!, ?Hi I , tilag erk? &fat of liaim
Aks - y- POM)nnstprg are requested to act as affeLlll
fOr TIIP. NVAit PuEss.
geT" To ;setter - ull) of I. l lr illYof fen or tvrelitr,
.Nlll extra eopy or Oe jllllll , l. will be given,
VP,Vgir vaiir 7 - - - 79 , :; 3111 . 4.7 .f.-cpr. 742-44-77 t.
vbeirebY the 117))/Ori;till.it rtr
in any respect 1" ,01,11,10 :ii or 01 , ,Entei
The 77104 PlU'llit”4 vellums; raite..... ?
th e tri t d• IVCIT si.klresacd if, the j,
score 0 1 ` its 1111111111ilnity visa corm:Ming tone
tiostructi Influences; hut
t h e most veremptoty oricni to 113 , 1 officers In.
the colonie,4 to protect anti nutintcla-it. Tito
thought cinl reasoning 01 England on the loth.
j vet IVIIS I hat °negro inhor will k e ep out Uri.
I bit cono,i., ;;:t vine stubserviency to ho ince,
rcsls Moil , nAtilet eOl.
17111))1.1)14 , itg liV]:11Y11(1 Ott))` on p1a331131 , /, 91e.a
firr,r,., ()or colomeri enn never prove
to 111,11 isli manufactures, never bcconir
indc
iten(!eot or their kingdornt , ! This argotnent
sal the cont•cievices of Englislonan• raid
just Hied the policy of their Oovertnnent.
7311 , 0)0313(1110 CtlllgTeSK or 1774 lumri'!
I.lcliwly declared "iVt3 Will neither import.
nor lntrelttwe :toy slave intiunted art or the
tirt tiny of tiss,olol , cco4'st ; :titer which time
we kill x hell iikeonilnue Finye thaw,
and will 11111 Intl, ennen nun! in it. nipTiveii-i •
nor will we hire our Nose!.: or sell our corn-,
modifies or nialmfactures to those who aro
concerned in it."
In the same year, •Tetivriitm wrote to the Pro
vincial Convention of V I rginili (lint . " the algal
r ifre of dfeldC.Stie th , Verg /stay ye, doh*
in Those colonies agies, WO lophappUllivipodume
In their Olitint Mae. But previous to the en
franciii<ctncnl of the slaves we Irtve, il, is no
cessary to eNcluile all further lea awtationn
front Africa; yet our repeated attempts to
tdtist this by probibilionsond by buposing
thilieg which ttirtottnt to probibitiow-,, bwytt
hithort 0 boom defeated ny Idaiesty , s nega
tive, thus preferring thotii n mediate advantage.
of a few British corsairs to the lasting inte
rests of the A3110'1(.1111 States, and to the rightg
of. Lanus nature, deeply wounded by this In
holants practiee.! , The Con Velli 1011 exhausted
its lam' over the subjoin by a dilpt tag a 1050.
111.1011, 'llL'esentect by Peyton Randolph, Mat
"11 - c Will neither ourselves import, uor par.
chase any slaVe or slaves imported by any
other person, either 11'0in Afeletl, IV` Wi`st In
dies, or any of Iler placit.'i A afterwards',
Ilk. EU VI Of ll'l'l/1/11111 1), referring to the etfort,i4
- of the e(110111 , .. 1. 1 111)(11 1511 the Hysl urn, WrOte to
11 Cololllltl "11 c cannot allow the colo
nies to cheek or discourage in 1111, degree tt.
trattie so lame - Octal to the »a Lion."
Three months prior tetthe oemarto ion, Con
gress solemnly resolved "that no slaves
should 1:c Imported 11,11) any of the thirteen
colonies." The resolution was approved and
retl - ioeted by all of them ; it expressed the
feeling Of the An/00011n heart, and the 1111.1,
thy( d l uUualcnt Of A 1 ) ,(2001114 statesmen.
The MlOlllll 4lrttft. of the the lithi thin eon.
Wiled, among others, this charge tigaitist the
EMI; : ‘‘lle bus waged cruel war against lin
num nature itself, violating Its most sacred
rights (nitre and liberty, in the persons of it
distant people who never offended Min, capti
vating and carrying them into shivery in an
other hemisphere, or CO 111011 r 21118er/011e death
in their transport ation thither," " pi rat&
etil Warfare, the opprobrium of Infidel PoWero l
is the warfare of the Ciftrldlein Xing of Great
Brittlin. Det ermined 10 keep open a market
'511(10 num should be bonght and sold, he has
prostituted his negative forsimpressing every
legislative attempt to prohibit or to restraint
this e nice:able cilmmeree.e inr. Jefferson says
Hutt this (dense was disapproved by WlllO
&Willem gentlemen. whose reflect 10116 were
not yet matured I o the full ablitirrenee of the.
trunk, and it was, therefore, stricken out,
Two other clauses remain, and have hem
reael to-day, having relation to the same sub.
ject
(1 Flo has refused his assent to laws the most
wholesome aml necessary fortilepnblle good."
"Ife has endeavored 10 prevent the poptila
-1 ion of these States, for that purpose obstrnet
big the laws for the rad unitization of foreign
ers, refusing to pass others encouraging their
nogrsit ion hither, and Vaiolll9' the conditions of
goo , appropp:atirms of loud."
These clauses of the indictment have di
rect reference to the laws by which the
colonists hoped .to abolish shivery, and
to the slave pulley of Enginno, to exclude
free Minn' from Cite country—show that:
the spirit of shivery was not an American.
spirit, and had but little influence here ut the
time of the Declaration. Tito 111011 or the Ilse,
yowl 101 l were the friends of universal liberty.
Through the Jung 3010's of fl'lll tless effort to
obtain from England a peaceful recognition Of
their rights, they had Investigated and (W•
plored the ithindutions 0f human government,
unit sati,firal themselves of the end which It
was intended to secure. Looking to the SOltree
or au power, and to the ap p ltcttti(ni of the
Divine hitt 11) 1110 1111111101 family, th e y cou ld .
tied nu precedent or nothoritv justifV op.
pression 111 any form. Consulting thelrlllbles„
they lOnnil many instances whore the wrath
of Mod had fallen hl terrible judgments upon:
the oy,pressor. Whet her they read hit' history
of Jernsalem and despotic kings, mid sur-
Veyed the ruins of the city, or followed the
centuries hack till they saw the waters rolling
over the hosts of Phil malt—whether they heard.
Ihe them - ler front Sinai or the grew% from the
Cross of Calvitry, they saw the twin of the GM.
11410101 u falling on the oppressor, and heard
the Vince of admonition to the mit ions, unit of
incroy_to inenkinii—".llllmpnarrtoTalott
011 ibis principle, :incepted as It seiluivident
tilith, and tbere.fore unlimited in its [(Millen,-
Hen and immutable 1111 the throne of the Eter•
nal, they laid th e foundations of the milt nu.
100'410.
Eat, while men may perfectly agree upon
reat funda meld 1 t rut its, it often linment;
Thad the proper nail general applicat i on of
them is necessurily deterred by etmlingenclee
not foreseen or provided for. The Duelers.
11111 WaS isi.tied by It Congress of Independent
1111(1 i-ot•creign 6.lliter, If was not the act of
ono (... ( rnitriliteti governinFilt, but it solenin Pre.
claindlioh of certain rights which no syStela
of ~ a vernment could lairfillly take front tt,
pyopie. The States wore united, not by it eon.
it Didion or comp:let, for none at that time
cu ed, but by the Declaration itself; by the
iiiikie;4i.calai.4iiihlltlsUA...e,( l orlon _
gel's 3111111 .1 assailed those things. The Union,
thus feinted was strengthened and hallowed
1%) the mewl of the people which had already
been shed h 1 the eononon cause; but there
was no one, government whieh could make
laws to act upon or bind the people, Congress,
being at mere convention of States, was /10t
illNeked 301111 such authority, and therefore
had no potter nil prosecute to their legitimate
results t lin principles 'width it asserted in the
Declaration. That duty was necessarily left
10 the people of the several States; anll before
the close of the century, or very soon after
wards, a majority of States had made provi
sion for the emancipation of their slaves,
The Federal lltrieriillient under the silkiest
of confederation, weak and insuilletent its it
was has len some pleasnnt memories, It was
during the 100100 tratiOn that congress passed
the ordinance for the government of the ter
ritory of the United ...itates, - northwest of the
Ohio river, which had been ceded by \'l
embracing au area of about one hundred and
eighty-live thousand so Imre 11131031.
It was the first legislat ton in ant icipation of
the formation of new States, and their Ramis.
slim into the lCnion. It NraS the first opportn- -
nit)' offered to Congress to inustrate by its
works,. ille 11 of the It evolut ion Oa the stub.
Rel. 01 lilitYeryi
And urcordingly, in the tWelfth year of the
Inacnrmience of America, while England.
was yet eagerly pursuing her nefarious
trade in human flesh, and Wilberforce
and Thomas Clarkson anti Granville Sharp
Were tlenintneed and persecuted by her slave
spirit for their efforts to expose Its infant)",
the Congress of the United States, and every
State in the _American Ca 10n, 014111111011 that
slavery should be forever exel ailed from the
great territory of the Northwest, We thank
the COnfetlerttilOtt lii' that glorious and irre
vmeable decree that gave freedom and (dense
.tier' to to the great States of Ohio,
Illinois and Michigan; mid we th ank those
great S lat t' !Or tile axe they have laid at the
root of 'human slavery in Amet,st.
While America was thus einplyvell in ex
tendi»g the empire of fr eedom, the spirit or
slavery WAS IlldlieiOnSlY at work in its mitiVe
land of Englund, tearing to pieces those 111011.
ments which marked the presence of liberty
In I . ollller
it rosei-se(l, 401114 of 1110 Icing and the
exist oerney, end tiOntrolled the action of Par
liament.
it boldly assailer. 1 110 freedom of the preSe,
the freedom of speech, and the right of the
people to assemble ill meetings foe the pur.
pose of public discussion. lion who opposed.
he slave-trade were constantly insulted,
denounced as Jacobins, and shunned in so.
Welty as V.ll3llieS of the en,,
Men whose humanity was shocked by the in
him Ong Milliner in )111101 England treated her.
French prisoners of war, and ventured to re.
umustrate against it, were ranked. With the
eeendig; of their country. Persons were tined,
i 11[1111r:oiled, and transported, for expre , ,, , :ing;
their °plutons merely, on public questions.
A. law' was enacted by which even; public
meeting was forbidden, unless notice of 11
ere published in It newspaper live days be.
forehand,, containieg a full statement of its
oldeets slotted by householders,
1 his lilt 11a s applied to all meetings held for
ccasidering or preparing ally petition, cove ,
plaint, or address to the king, or either branch.
of rarlianed, or for the ait oration of any'
matter established in eitureb or state,
.4.4
mireo it applied to meetings called remon,
st rale against the slave trade.
Any justice of the peace had authority to
(-calif:el a meeting to disperse although field.
in pursuance of lawful notice, if, in his, :
<Tint on, the language of I la, speakers was ins.
respeetful to the king or to the Government.
if twelve persons or 010143 rentalned together
!Or one hoar after the order to disperse, the
act provided that "it shall he adjudged felony
benefit of clergy' the oirenderd.
therein shall be tutintike ; al felons, and shall
sunci death as in ease of felony, without bone.
tit of clergy."
This Wooly act was IHISFACti ill IX,
Poor year,. Int er allot law act was passed, for.
.adding
auy field or place to be used. for lee.
luring or debating;, without a special license
Trout a magistrate. Ali circulating-libraries
and readiug-rooms were placed under the
same restriction. No person could lend or hire,
in his own house, a book, pmaphiet, or news.
raver, under a pelialty of one hundred poundS
a .lay. If a man allowed lectures or debates,
eVViI under his own roof, it wits a crime for
which lie was liable to be punished for keep.
ing a disorderly house, 'This statute WM
passe d in the thirty-ninth year of George M.
The story is not half told; but this Is enouglt
to show what the spirit of slavery accom
plished in kingland, within the recollection of
men NI hq mallow %her ministry, runt in acerb
sympathy with its efforts to abolish the worir
of the An/Olean Revolution.
Meauwhpe, the people of America had..
adopted CdnatitatiOn. It Ordained and.
tablblied d National Government founded
the prineiptes of the Reyointion. - Maisel:l
bad sot dessfally opposed the use of tt word
tuts Partor it that would recognize 1t 404
property in human beings. In his survey o
the Van.% 'Government which it proposed 149
wro e thus in. The Ferleralist: "The Urst ques.
tion that ptosents itself is 'Whether the gee..
eral int ni and aspect of ulto Government be
stele/71j republican?' It is evident that no other
1?e , reconeilable with the genius of
.1 111 1 141 ., 11 o p te
ot America and wi th thefrationtentaL
iriPes Of th e Beretuiton ; or with that liettOr.
note o.okerillin/Atio/1 which. ahlitiateg eVory
vo tary et freedom, to rest all Oar political expert. ,
wents on The capacity of mankind for tell
went."
31x the same paper he defines it republiCAO be
a government which derives all its powers
dit'ectly or indirectly from the groat body of
the people, and is administered by persons
holding their ofitees during pleasure, for it
limited period, or during good behavior,
lie adds, "It is cssentitt/ to sitCh ill s GoVern*
meat that it be derived front the great body
of the society, not from an inconsiderable pro
portier or et larorea dulls it; otVerwila a.
handful' of tyrannical nobles, eNoreising their ,
oppressions by a delegation of their powers„,
might aspire to the rank of republicans, mut
chum for their Government the honorable
title of Republic," (See .Fectoralist NO. tifh)
The first article of the Coustitntion provides,
among ot her th lugs, that "the Ilouseof Heme l .
sentatives shall be composed of members
chosen every second year by the people of the
several Mates; fold electors en each State
'bon hore the finalifleolinnsrepasite for electors of
(Jle
9/108171Mliermcstarryien tylhe Slate LegiaintUite.' ,
lt 6 marrifegt that under this provision
sttuulht alone, any ghac ill the 17111001.110ng
Legivtature wytdd have right to semi