C§* $3 mg.
TUB SPAY, APRIL 4, 1805.
Richmond and Tirgina Rescued.
Richmond, the great objective point of
the war, having at last succumbed to the
‘ genius and the endurance of our generals
and our armies, and with it all Eastern Vir
ginia, it is almost unnecessary to speculate
upon the consequences. The capital pf
Virginia has, on several occasions, seemed
to be within our grasp, as it has frequently
been within the sight of those who
have assailed or besieged it. But,
until - the resources of the Government
were placed at the disposal of Lieu
tenant General Grant, its capture
eluded the vigilance and the vigor of our
best commanders. Realizing the fact that
to maintain their-bold upon Richmond the
rebels ,had concentrated vast numbers
behind 'their formidable entrenchments,
and by mottos of an extended railroad sys
tem continued to keep open their supplies,
General Grant mapped out a campaign
Which contemplated a massed assault upon
. the rebel capital, simultaneous with a series
of consolidated demonstrations upon dis
tant and yet highly important and Valuable
strongholds. And it will only be when
we come calmly to understand and to ana
lyze-his calculations and his combinations
that we shall properly estimate the value i
of the conquests preceding the fall Of Rich
mond, and consequently the extraordinary
significance of that event itself. In every
point of view it is important. It was to
Richmond that all eyes have been turned
since the beginning of the war. As the
Union forces advanced upon or receded
from it, the hearts and hopes of the friends
of the Government rose and fell. Rich
mond had become as familiar to foreign
commentators, and to military critics
everywhere, as the field of Waterloo was to
the civilised world in 1815, or the wild and
inhospitable wastes of the Crimea in 1856.
If Richmond, the whirlpool of. treason,
sucked in to its support the substance of
other States until thousands of millions were
absorbed for the maintenance of the assassins
and usurpers who congregated there, it
was from Richmond that plausible false
hoods were sent out to encourage the mis
guided and doubting people of the South,
and to deceive their sympathizing friends
in other countries. The flight of Napo
leon from Belgium was not more ca
lamitous than the retreat of Lee or the
exodus of Bavib from Richmond, and the
fate of the latter, if not so inglorious, will
be at least as admonitory and as crush
ing as that of the former. Nowhere
can this scattered conspiracy reorganize
itself. Excepting the effigy of a Go
vernment upheld by the armies of
Magruler iii Texas, the rebel stan
dard has now been driven out of nearly
every political capital in every State South,
and the pale and conscience-stricken Davis,
With his cruel and desperate counsellors,
will be forced to carry their Government
as counterfeiters and forgers carry their’
implements of crime, and, like them, to
bide away from the scrutiny and the pun
ishment of the. law. But where can Lee
lead his men ? One theory is that he will fly
into Texas ;• but it would be a far .safer
prophecy that he will either offer the wager
<jf battle, and die, if not an honorable, at
least a courageous death, or surrender
himself and his troops to the over
whelming armies of the Federal Go
vernment. At this hour of wri
ting advantages so heavily preponde
rate on the Union side as to leave little,
•doubt that any terms offered by Mr. Lin
coln will be accepted by the rebels. If
is uncertain as yet with whom - the
American Executive will treat. He
has .already sternly declined either con
sultation or correspondence with the so
called head of the so-called Southern Con
federacy. It seems to us an improbability
that he will discuss the terms of capitula
tion with the commander-in-chief of the
rebels in the face of the fact that this latter
had it in his power to mitigate the suffer
mgs of the thousands of "human prisoners '
now sleeping in premature' graves, and
also to close the rebellion many months
before the period when it had to be over
come at the loss of additional thousands
of precious human lives. It is rea
sonable to anticipate, therefore, that Mr.
Lincoln, holding the tiMmanding and
Controlling position won by the American
armies, will address himself to the Southern
people, and will treat with their repre
sentatives, duly chosen at fair elections, on
the baßis of his B'everal proclamations, and
in the spirit of whatever additional guaran
tees he may mercifully proffer to them.
Fatal Rebel Falsehoods.
■> That which will be a source of comment
and recollection for all time is the persis
tent mendacity of the rebel papers, and
especially those of Richmond, before the
late marvellous and providential achieve
ments of the Union armies. “ Richmond
could not betaken.’* “It would he de
fended to the last." “ Grant would be
defeated,” “Sherman driven back,” and
“ Sheridan checkmated.” To this sort of
boasting all the Richmond editors delibe
rately and criminally dedicated their pa
pers and themselves. What must be
thought of men who daily agree to lie ?
But the worst of the practice'is in the suf
ferings and sacrifices it imposed and in
flicted upon (he poor people and soldiers of
the South. If it had been resorted to only
to deceive “the Yankees,” it might have
been justified even on the part of “ the chi
valry," but when it was deliberately done
to induce men to fight and die for a bad
cause, and to carry more distress into sor
rowing homes, it partakes of the fiendish
ness of the incarnate devils themselves.
Where Will the Rebels Run 1
If liEßLjs not caught, and if he does not
surrender, he will strike for Texas, accor
ding to well-considered probabilities. Kirby
Shu His waiting there to pilot him over the
rivers in his way, and Maorudbb is ready
to receive him. Texas is the only one of
the States which has been measurably,
left to traitor occupancy. It is into Texas
they have run their slaves,and it is computed
that some six hundred thousand of these
“ chattels” are collected there. Texas has
ever been their great grazing ground and
•cattle depot. Hundreds of thousands of
bußhels of cerealß are claimed to be on hand
in Texas under rebel guard. If the rebels
escape the hot pursuit of Grant and
get through the other intermediate ob
stacles, they may haul up their jaded bat
talions there. In -that case we shall have
-a diplomatic game between Davis and
Maximilian. , Driven from their homes,
the traitors may seek to steal Mexico from
the Mexicans, or to cheat the new French
dynasty out of its dearly.purchased king
-4001. Meanwhile, let us be satisfied. Here,
as to all the other grave responsibilities of
Jhe times, our Government will bean over
match for all opponents and rivals, for all
plots and counterplots, for all falsehood and
intrigue, whether of foreign or domestic
origin.
“ The mere Xeesjeft the Vault to Brag of.”
Robert E. Lee is the favorite traitor
General. His career will answer to point
a moral, especially now that he is on his
last retreat. He married one of the Wash
ington family, and-when he deserted was
owner of the now confiscated Arlington
estate, on the Virginia side of the Potomac,
looking over into the streets of the National
Capital. He and others of his blood were
educated at the Government expense. He
was not only oath-bound to serve, fight,
and, if need be, die for the Republic; not
only pledged by his official obligation, but
by his honor as a gentleman, by his ances
try, and by his connection with the
Father of his Country. And yet, this most
exemplary pattern—this preitat chevalier—
was among the first to break his oath and
to join the banditti sworn to day his coun
try. It is true he halted a little before he
plunged into theabyss of shame. He coun
selled with General Scott, and was ad
vised" to stand by his sworn iaith and his
generous couitry. But, with remorse and
hypocrisy at his heart, he soon after fled
and took the post of military chief of the
assassins of his country. This part of
Lee’s conduct strangely resembles that of
Macbeth as drawn by Shakspeabe. Mac
beth murdered his . king and his guest, but
performed the act with many misi
givings. Lee assisted in the destruction
of his Government, and would have
succeeded had not his plans been check
mated. And he did this with many com
punctions. We can imagine how he must
have groaned in agony of conscience as
he deliberated this act, with the kindness
and indulgence of his country in his memo
ry. If the reader peruses the following
words of Macbeth before he decides upon
his treason, he wjll not think it is Mac
beth who is talking of poor Duncan, bat
that it is Lee speaking of his top'indulgent ;
country -.'-0 ,
" He's here in double trust:
First, as lam bis kinsman and his subject, .
Strong both against the deed ; then, as bis bast,
Who should against his murderer shut the door,
Not bear the knife myself. Besides, this Duncan
Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been
So dear in Ms greet office, that his virtues
Will plead, like angels, trumpet-tongued, against
The deep damnation of hit taking-off:
Ana Pity, like a naked new-born babe,
Striding the blast, or heaven'B cherubim, Hors'd
Upon tbe sightless couriers of the air,
Shall blow the horrid deal In every eye.”
But Lee, like Macbeth, became in
tolerant, impenitent, and brutal. An at
tempt has been made to bolster up this
man, and to make of him a hero, and some
good people have been disposed to accept
this view of his character. It is time to
expose it to contempt. A more shameless
fraud, upon, humanity said decency never
was conceived. If, indeed, he had been the
gentleman he professed to be, even admit
ting that he was reluctantly constrained to
enter the rebellion on the fallacious notion
of following the fortunes of the State,
would he not have exerted his almost im
perial power to prevent the savage treat
ment of the Union, prisoners in Rich
mond and Salisbury ? It is too late for
Lee and the traitors with whom he ds
yoked to allege .that they could not do bet
ter—that they had'not the food or raiment
and the means to protect these, brave and
suffering men. Recent experience has
shown this to be a foul and deliberate
lie. . The vast amount of provender, rice,
and other products captured by Sherman
at Savannah, and known to be hoarded in
Virginia, accessible to the rebel authori
ties, proves that Lee was cognizant of all the
i Cruelties perpetrated upon his prisoners,
and either coolly refused to prevent these
atrocities, or else deliberately directed and
sanctioned them 1 It 'is now a matter of
notoriety, established iff the recent con
fession of a committee of the rebel Con
gress, that a quantity of gunpowder was
; put under Libby prison, and that, if an at
; tempt had been made by o.ur .captive Union
; prisoners to escape, they would have-been
blown into etemity. Unquestionably this,
too, was done under the auspices, and
doubtless with the consent of this brave
knight, General Robert E Lee. Away,
then,...with the pretext that this wretched
ingrate has any claims to the consideration
of the American Government. Still, pur
suing the parallel between his conduct and
that of Macbeth, we dose with the confes
sion of the Scottish conspirator, after he
was brought before the dead body of hiß
murdered monarch. The words of Shak
speabe will be found to have a peculiar
applicability to the present dilemmas of
Lee, to his past conduct, and to his future
and inevitable doom.- They seem to have
been writtenlbr precisely such a case, and
the reader will notice the last line is singu
larly to tbe point:
11 Had I but died an hour before this chance
I had lived a blessed time y for, from this instant.
There’s nothing serious In mortality.
All is but toys; akkowh ajto orach is dbad ;
The wine of life is drawn, AND THE MERE LEES
IS LEFT THIS VAULT TO BRAG OF.”
A Welcome Rescue.
“ The people.of Richmond rushed put to
greet, and, in, some cases, to embrace the
Union troops as they came in,"nays our
news from the former seat of the rebellion.
How short, yet how significant! It re
minds us :of the passengers in a ship on
fire, who are praying for succor and giving
up hope, just as their deliverers appear and
save them from death. Borne such ecstasy
must have thrilled the people of Richmond
as the friends of treason fled by one road
and the heroes of freedom came in by an
other.
Honor to General Meade.
Let us not forget Grobge G. Meads, our
glorious Philadelphia warrior, whose ca
reer from the dawning of the rebellion to
its stormy ana bloody close, has preserved
his stainless record. As he began, so he
has progressed, and so will he end. fie
opened the ball against Richmond and Lee
at Gettysburg, on the Fourth of July, 1863,
and, after winning new honors in the Wil
derness, came out' at Richmond covered
with added laurels. Here, no w, is a soldier
whose valor and whose modesty, not less
than his subordination and his Scorn of
envy or of fault-finding, have made Mm a
model and an example.
* y — -■ —„ .
The sudden and most unexpected de
mise, at the house of a friend in this city,
of the Rev. Henry 0. Henries, the be
loved, chaplain at Annapolis, Md./ ; has sad
dened many hearts. Occupying a field of
unlimited usefulness, 1 he came up to the
full measure of responsibilities. Rev.
Mr. Henries was from Bangor, Me.,
whither his body has been taken for inter
ment.
There is now no party in the free
States bold and brave enough to oppose
the Republic., "The scene in Philadelphia
yesterday and yesternight proved that we
are all Americans at last. There have
been celebrations when one party exulted
over the other, and when one mourned
and the other rejoiced; hut there was no
side yesterday, save a broadside, against
all the enemies of the old flag and a warm
side for all its friends.
, - Have the casuists who cavilled at Presi
dent Lincoln’s last inaugural address read
the splendid interpretation of it by the Lon
don Times t That hitter enemy of the
Union cause says of tMs. characteristic pa
per : “ We cannot but see that the Presi
dent, placed in the most important position
to wMch a statesman can aspire,-invested
with a power greater than that of most
monarchs, fulfils the duties which destiny
has imposed on him with firmness and con
scientiousness, but without any feeling of
exhilaration at success or sanguine anticipa
tion of coining prosperity.”
Whether Me: Lincoln will make his
entree into Richmond to-day or to-morrow,
or at a later period, is not known; but it
would seem to be an appropriate, if not a
poetic codicil to the failure of treason, if
Richmond, so long accustomed to a coun
terfeit, should now be made acquainted
with a genuine President.
The Hour for Generosity.,
The Christian Commission, through. its
.patriotic and munificent president, George
H. Stuart, Esq., appeals to “The Chris
tian People pf the United States " for aid
in the great work of relieving the suffer
ings and supplying the wants of our brave
meja and their families. This appeal, dated
on the 25th of March, then anticipated the
great battles which have since taken place.
There is, therefore, more work for the
Commission, and more need for the assist
ance of those who are able to furnish it.
Thousands of our released prisoners .will
be among us in a few days. Our hos
pitals will soon be again filled with
the wounded and dying. Refugees from
the South and thousands of rebel cap
tives will add to the obligations and
toils of our benevolent and patriotic citi
zens. Who will refuse to contribute to
such a call as that of the Christian Com
mission ? What man who is well-to-do in
the world, and who loves his country, will
hold back? To such' we would say in the
homely distich:
” Giro as ’twas given a
Blessing to thee;'
Give as ’tvras given, a
Blessing to be.”
Do not wait. Look around you, and you
will find plenty of occasions for liberal ac
tion. If yon Want to do good, do it now—
now when the old flag is flaming in advance
of our victorious columns, and when thou
sands of our brave brothers are bleeding
and dying, perhaps, for help and cheer
from home.
Restored and Regenerated Richmond.
Richmond falls into our hands at the
beginning of the loveliest season of the
year, especially in the Southern latitude
. Never has there been such room for im
provement as that presented by the occu
pation of the proud capital Of Virginia.
For never has war so wasted, and plun
dered, and degraded a proud metropolis.
No doubt our -troops found it almost a
charnel-house. It has been the grave of
thousands of Union heroes. The cells off
its prisons still ring with their shrieks and
reek with the nameless horrors they en
dured. No commerce at its wharves. No
trade in its marts. No oourts, save those
of the military. And yet Richmond, four
years ago, was one of the moßt beautiful
cities on earth. Its flour mills, its iron
forges, its machine shops, its manufactories,
its railroads, its excellent water-powers, and
its splendid geographical position, made it
a prize worth fighting for and well worth
the winning. And, noW that it is won, it
will be, in the sunshine of the Union flag,
and under the culture of Northern labor,
capital, and genius, a new Richmond, more
prosperous, comely, and; productive than,
ever. ■ *
For Our Sick and Wounded.
In this hour of rejoicing we should not
forget our sick and wounded soldiers. Miss
Dix, who is known -to us all, writes to a
friend in this city, if she had the opportu
nity she would levy on all tables of our
comfortable livers at home for those sup
plies so greatly needed by the men who
have fought and bled for the great cause of
liberty and Union, and who are this day
suffering from wounds received in the
struggle which history will praise to the
end of time. Eggs, cakes, all kinds of
fruits and vegetables, canned fruits, &c.,
are greatly needed. Let every one who
has anything to give contribute it now.
Supplies sent to John Farnum & Co., No.
233 Chestnut street, will be forwarded
without delay.
Among the, local obituary notices of our
city we find that of Charles W. Kinsleb,
-who is to be buried this morning, from the
residence of his parents, corner of Fifth
and Wood streets. Twenty months ago
this worthy man, a civilian, iff
dress, was standing quietly in the streets of
Hagerstown, whither he had gone on busi
ness. A squad of rebel cavalry, on their
retreat from Gettysburg, took forcible pos
session of him, and, against his earnest
protestations that he was not a soldier,
hurried him qff to Richmond-. Ever since
this unfortunate man has been kept in
Libby and in Salisbury prisons, subject to
the most atrocious barbarities. - Ten days
ago he returned, haggard and emaciated,
to die. Such is the spirit that animates the
leaders of this horrible rebellion. And yet,
on fast and thanksgiving days, they have
invoked the blessing of a just and holy
God! ,
There was one black cloud at _ Rich
mond yesterday : that did-not make the
hearts of the people sad, viz : the entrance
of the colored regiment with, the lightnings
of the old flag dancing over their heads, <
and the thunders of “John Brown” rolling
from their lips.
“ God, Grant, Victory,-!’ were three
words coined into a battle-cry by the Union
army some months ago. Let us strike out
the commas now, and add two words, and
we have a prayer and an aphorism: “ God
has given Grant victory?’
The True Gold.— The gold of the mo
ney-changers and gamblers is going down ;
but the hearts of the people beat high as
they see the true gold; the cause of their
country, advancing every hour.
LETTER FROM “ OCC ASIO !f
Washington, April 2, 1865.
[the night before the capture of
RICHMOND.]
The conquering army of the Republic,
in the most comprehensive and complete
of all its demonstrations, is moving on to
the consummation of the last act of this
terrible drama. It is
■———“Like to the Pontlok asa, '
Twjgip steady current and oompulsive course
New feels retiriag ebb, but keeps due on
To the Propontick and the Hellespont.”
The unpausing purpose of General Grant
is felt in this grand march of victorious
battle. When he was called from the Wes*
to take command of the Armies of the Po
tomac and the James, he did so without
parade or- promise; and when he opened
Ms campaign he showed that he could not
he disheartened by calamity or driven
rearward by temporary repulse. His
plan was in a few words: “ I propose to
move at once on the enemy's works, ’ ’ His
seven-days battles of the Wilderness were
military achievements that baffled all cal
culations. It was in these fierce and pro
tracted conflicts that he gave the rebel
leader, Lee, and the rebel conspirators; to
understand that nothing could turn him
back, These Titanic blows broke the charm
and dispelled the dream, of a separate and
independent Confederacy; and followed,
as they have been, by simultaneous advan
tages on other fields, and by the develop-*
ment of hew evolutions and combinations,
have had their fitting finale in the brilliant
operations of the last week around Peters
burg and on the way to Richmond. It is
unnecessary to paint you a “ Situation”
picture. You can read the whole pro
gramme, with all its accessories, for your
self. Some of our good friends are disap
pointed that there should be such obstinate
rebel resistance. Many had hoped and
prayed that it might he otherwise. But it
was not to be so. God, who is with our
country, has directed the mind and the
movements of Grant, and has clearly or
dained that peace can only be reached by
the sword. Grant is evidently an optimist,
and believes that everything in nature is
ordered for the best. And who can doubt
it now ? Not a human life would have been
lost if the rebel despots had accepted quiet
ly what they will at last be forced to take,
and what their people are eager to yield to-
But it is decreed that these same people
shall “ sup full of horrors ” till they turn
upon and rend them. The rebellion is no
longer a struggle for independence. It is
no longer a straggle for slavery. It is no
longer a struggle for terms of reconciliation
or readmission. Independence Ims vanish
ed before the coldnesß and contempt of fo
reign Powers, and the division of the au
thors of the Secession tragedy. Slavery
was abandoned in the last extremity of,
putting arms into the hands of the slaves'
by those who feared to give them arms in
time of peace. And readmission is im
THE PRESS-PHILADELPHIA!, TUESDAY, APRIL 4, 1865:
possible to the leaders, because it will give
their dupes and victims a chance for revenge
and retribution. The rebellion is persevered in,
(he leaden for the sake of the
leaders. It cannot be many days before
this fact becomes universal in the South.
Davis and his associates have only one
object now—to use what is left of the
army, the money, and the other resources
of the South, to save themselves, in fact,
the first motive of the rebellion was one
of the meanest selfishness. It was the
invention of a few men, who, ever in a
minority at home, cheated or forced the
majority into secession, in all the Southern
States but South Carolina., They cared
nothing for the majority in 1800, when
they saw that the Democratic people want
ed Douglas for President; and they care
less for it now, when they know that
the American masses ate resolved to
stand by the Government >s administered
by Abraham Lincoln. It hasbeena specu
lation of their own from the start. The
country was getting too liberal for these
slave tyrants. The Yankee schoolmaster
was evangelizing and educating whites and
blacks in the South too rapidly. Railroads
and telegraphs were remorselessly expell
ing Exclusiveness. They thfemselves Were
being lost in the honorable emulation and
increasing intelligence of the masses. The
mighty upheavals of the people were push
ing them from their stools, and hurling
them into obscurity. The rule of the cot
ton dukes, princes, and baronets, was fast
yielding before the insolent;, progress of
Yankee inventors. And they struck for
themselves four years ago. That is what
they are doing now. There is no cominon
cause in the South but that -m|de by the
rebel leaders for the rebel leaders, Their
temporary gain would be; the. lasting loss
of the people they have; ruled afid ruined.
Their permanent defeat would be the per
petual gain of all the tribes of men who
glory in the name of American citizens...
BieUBO.VD A* IT WAS.
Now that our gallant army tt In possession of this
city, where the iniquitous plans and plots of the
leaders of the great rebellion have boon developed
and put In action, It wlllbe interesting to look back
and see Richmond as it was before the war, whoa
the shield of the Union was held over It, and Its
mistaken and misguided inhabitants pursuing
their avocations Under the guardianship of - oar
great andfreo Government. T-
Hiohmond possesses great advantages In Its po
sition, its land and water connections, and the cha
racter of the snrronndlng soehery. As capital of
the great State of Virginia, It was the oontre at
which gathered all the Intellect, the wealth, the
prosperity of the Old Dominion. Situated on the
northeastern bank of the James river, at the lower
falls of that stream, and at the head.of tide water,
It rests upon several hills, which give a pleasing
variety to the appearance of the oity, and afford
noble Bites for architectural display. 1 The environs
oontam many elements of beauty. The river passes
' through undulatingbffla, foams over granite rooks,
and embraces numerous green islands In its course.
.Richmond lies southwest from Washington, at a
distance of one hundred miles in a straight line,
ai£one hundred and thirty miles by railroad. It
isvae hundred and sixty-eight miles from Balti
more, and twenty-two north of Petersburg.
The city Is regularly laid out in ireetangular
blocks. The Capitol, which,.from its size and the
high ground on which It stands, Is the most conspi
cuous object Jn the place, Is built In a public square
on Capitol Hill, the summit of which Is an elevated
plain in the western portion of the oity. It Is fronted
with a flue portico of lonlo columns, and before It
stood, prior to tie war, a splendldj.monument
adorned with bronze statues, of Washington and
other distinguished sons of the State in her old days
of loyalty and honor. In an angle of Capitol
Square also stands the City Hall, a line building in
the Dorio style. This quarter of Richmond was
the fashionable quarter. Here the solons of the
“first families of Virginia" bad their mansions,-,
and held their aristocratic sway. «
Numerous publia buildings are scattered through
the city. The Penitentiary, which is In the western
suburbs, Is a large edifice, with a front of three hun
dred feet. There are also the court house, the
jail, a theatre, an orphan asylum,-and a Masonic
Hall, together with a large'armory, 320 feet long i>y
280 in width. Before the rebellion broke out a hand
some.new custom house whs to course of ereotloh by
oor Government, for Richmond was a port of entry,
and possessed considerable commerce. '
There were three banks In the oity, having ante
gregate capital of $2,114,000, but wjiere are
funds of those Institutions now '! Confederate loi&
scrip, and currency, valueless M.ragg; hivevaljpy
attempted to represent money at their countermand
what gold they still possessed was toiecure,lqr It
was a tempting bait to tie oupldity and the neotesl
tlesof the rebel leaders. About bhirfr chtirehes are
Epreadthrough the oity, representing various Chris
tian sects, and there are two Jewish places of mil
ship. Among the educational Institutions which
existed In the oity may be noted She Richmond Col
lege, St. Vincent's College, and the Medloal lispart
ment of Hampden.and Sydney College. Thh blty
is supplied with river water, which Is forced into
three large reservoirs, holdtoga million of gallons
each. ■ '•I-. •
For a number of years prior to the reunion Rich
mond had rapidly increased andr
business. The James. rfvef'Siid Kanawha canal'
terminated and-the Richmond and Petersburg
and Kiobmonland Fredericksburg Railroads con.
neeted tbere^forming part of tbe great«outhern
rafeU lino; the Central Bailroad extended west,
wart into tbe heart of tbe State, and the DanvßHe
road, runningsouftweetward, connected with the
railroad aysttni of Tennessee and Georgia, The
James river is navigable for/vessels often fees
draught to thewharves.or the city, and those of fif
teen feet draught can come within three miles. Goa.
stant communication was kept up with Phlladet
phla and New York, by means of ocean steamers,
and with Baltimore and Norfoik by 'daily steam
boats. The central position of Richmond made It
a depot for all the of Ytrglnla, and the
exports of the port wera^lmmenre;'' Tobacco,
grain, and flour were the chief articles of trade.
Of tobacco, huge quantities were sent to ail parts or
Europe, as well as. distributed. through the United*
States.. An immense water power was derived from
the j ameeriver, and was taken advantage of to work
the machinery of mills and manufactories. The prin
cipal things produced were tobacco, cotton, and
woolen goods, paper, machinery, and ironware.
The flourprodnef was tremendous. At t]oiest)ieiuim'
her of barrels reached an almost Incredible figure.
In 1864 the population amounted to 82,889 souls, of
whom 19,282 were white persons, 10,889 slaves, and
2,228 free persons of color. -The population had,
however, reached a much larger figure'at the time
of the commencement of the war. ;
Sueh was Richmond as it •fiourtshiad under the
protection of our national flag; so was it when its
infatuated Inhabitants, carried away by toe blind
ing visions of Sontbem independenoe and or a gov
ernment founded for the express purpose of per
petuating slavery, and as'the seat of which they
hoped their city would acquire new fatoe, tore down
and trampled upon the glorious einblem .which
Should have been their pride,'and .rushed madly
Into the strife which has resnlted In their utterhu
mutation, and the downfall of their misguided am
bition. -
TBE STATKCY OF GRANT ASTU LRH.
The difficulties which our armies have met in the
capture of the city are to be ascribed as, much to
the oharacter of the defences whiohnature and the
rebels have given it, as to the tacompetency of our
failing generals, ■ In the first place, there were five
direct lines of railroad whloh it was important for
ns to out before wo could possess the city, and from
these branched many others, which rendered
them doubly, trebly, and quadruple valuable,
slnoe they penetrated every part of the Southern
country. On the north were three running to Fre
dericksburg, to GordonsvlUe, Charlottesville, and
byway ol Culpeper to Alexandria and Washing
ton, and the West Font road, whloh was of but little
value except as a feeder to the other two. On the
south were the Weldon and the Dan villa roads.
The first three were easily out by .bar forces, as they
were in the line of approach team, the Potomac, and,
anyhow, would afford but little support to toe garrh
son of the oity, because the territory through whloh
they passed was likely to be In our possession, and
was so during almost the whole duration of the re
belUon. When a commander was appointed who
understood the military art, and was determined
that neither rebel opposition, talent, nor his own
tardiness even In the execution of evident gn<l ne- ■
oessary movements should prevent, the citadel and
the capital of treason from falling, he very pro
periy invaded the hitherto untrodden and defiant
city Irom a new point. The termini or toe railroads
running northof the oity being already in ourhandS,
and therefore useless, he despised them and toe ap
proaches to whloh toey.beokonsd him, and advanced
steadily and surely from toe Kapldan to toe Ohloka.
hominy, and thence to the' James'river and Fetors
burg. By this movement* which ~at once re.
vealed his fitness for his place, and, for toe first
time, gave toe rebels real uneasiness, he placed a
powerful, disciplined, and veteran army In dange
rous proximity to the only lines iff supplies which
bad been of use to General Bee* and which had
hitherto been nnapproaehed and unattached. Our
readers are famlUar with toe victorious much which
placed our army before Petersburg. Biehmond,
when Grant passed so near it, was too weU fortified
fox even an army—such as. toe,Army of toeFoto
mac—to attempt to storm it. A seasoned army
stood around a living wall and behind It lay rail,
roads which It could easily protect. So Grant—'
victorious Grant—directed his march to Fetors
hurg, and at the time, no doubt, hoped that toe
wily Bee—abler for toe fihe practice three years
of our unsuccessful campaigning had, given Mm
—would fail to reach that vital polat before him.
But Bee was there too soon. .Ho well knew, toe va
lue of the town—-how It preserved through toe
Weldon Bailroad his line to Wilmington, toe great
blockade-running port and toe whole ef|he South
ern ooaßt States, and show via Danville and Byneh.
burg, lt opened to Mm a t great field of supplies on
the whole Southwest of the Mississippi. Conse
quently, alter the battle fit ppld Harbor, when our
army, falling to carry his entrenchments by storm,
flanked them, he marched almost in a parallel line
with ourselves, for Petersburg, whither he knew wo
were hastening. He arrived there, unfortunately
for thorpoor fellows who have been maimed and
killed in the battles - that have slnoe taken
place, and met us with, heavy earthworks. Here
commenced a strategical contest between
Grant and Bee, unequal in some senses,, it
may be, but nevertheless pointing to our success
sooner or later. Bee felt this also, and day by day
valuable property was removed South when -it
could be in any way spared.; This was all visible to -
Grant. When he cauaed on Ms expedition against
> Richmond he hhd his fair tome as a general to pre
, serve, and he oonld only preserve It by victory.
The city In Itself was nothing. A little, an Insig
nificant towh It was—nothing more. The rebels
! oonld find, at the time he advanoed, number
. less places which could be made quite as
Strong, quite, as useful to them. General Sher
man's present army was ' then far away in
! Tennessee, seemingly separated from the Army
f of the Potomac by ten thousand difficulties of water
i and land and 'rebel lines of bottle. But his mind
waS a military one, and equal to the crisis. Simul
taneous with bts own advance, Sherman’s legions
1 went forth to attempt a task, hard and uncertain to
i - its frtnt, while he, through and untried
country, stretched out to reach the rebellion’s heart.
Both marched oh—one south towards Atlanta, the
other south' towards Spottsylvanla and the storied
banks or the lOhloknhominy. Both, by force and
strategy, .prised .the rebel cohorts back, back,
until they halted behind walla they deemed Impreg
nable. Though the Virginia army was buried back
at Cold Herbdr, whilo the Army of the Tennessee
remained quietly before Atlanta, yet similar expe
dients obtained success' to each case. Flanking
captured both Cold Harbor and Atlanta, and then
commenced those bold moves, albeit oneon a grand
er scale than the other. Grant shot out over the
. enemy's country—so did Sherman.. in miles Sher
man towered over Grant, but to results his
; bold expedition was really secondary. Grant sat
down before Petersburg and held Boa there, as In a
vice, untfl his railroads were cut and destroyed one
; by one, thqwhole or, the valuable ports closed, and
, tjte weakened rebel armies driven like wolves into
, a pen, to be prepared for either submission or
' slaughter,* Quletlyhe sat there. Sherman mean
i 'time matching on, Bee soon found his supplies
j growing slim from a diminished field, and he hadl
i at last to appearto the citizens of the narrow limits
i of a part: of North. Carolina and a part of Vir
ginia for food for bis shaggy soldiers.
When, at last his last bate was threatened, even
; though he had tried to prevent It as General-in-
Chief pr jail the rebel Armies j when our left spread
over the- Weldon road, and nestled too closely to
his last thread of life, the Southside; when even
that was Jn dally danger from the advance cavalry
; ofjyShe'man and Sheridan of the Valley, for both
1 of whom Grant had waited, and who had slowly
and surely borne down on him, he chose to attempt
tSfcbreak'our lines at Fort Steadman and save film
: self train; defeat and Richmond from capture. He
- felt the blow—the terrible final blow—lmpending and
strove to avert It by some bold and desperate move.
- But, he failed, and bis very failure only hastened
. the visitation that hurled him from his entreneh
; mepte-snd jald treason's proud capital at the foet
: of.a conqueror. Sheridan, who scattered the legions
i »t onefell blow broke the Rich
! HM>vlllaand Bynohburgroad, at Burks vine
I an amystruck ,It below Petersburg, and
) owyaliy apd infantry together engaged the whole
> rebel army to the fiank while our roeerve forces cap
i tured the point of dispute and three years' yearning.
, The nefts.despatches furnish the sequel.
■ d EICHMOBD WAS DEVEHDBB.
i TtJs proof enough of the strength of .the rebel
works wound Richmond, to say that since last June
a well-appointed army, true and tried, under an
: able leader, has lain Inactive before them. When
; Grant advanced oh Petersburg he oaptured the en
trenchments which had been built with care, two
years before, for the epeolal object of a stub
: born defenoe. But our sudden advent found
them Ul-garrisonod, and the advance of Bee’s
.armies, were obliged to construct hasty works
f aVwHfoh durlijg the past year they have constantly
; worked, until they were equal to, if not better, than
those they had tost. Petersburg was the bulwark'
;of Richmond, and without It the latter oity was
vslgeless militarily. Consequently, tee greatest so
lieltnde and skill were exercised, The Southside
t Rgjlroad, near the terminus of our extreme left, was
i osrefully fortified for miles, and a garrison oon
, stently kept watoh and ward over the works-
Froin this point all the way to the James,
thence along that river to the oity; theuco along
; the Mechaniosvllle turnpike to MedhanlesvlUe, on
ithe Ohlokahomlny—a town Immortalized In the
s seven days' Peninsular campaign—thence along
Brook run to the Deep run turnpike and Freds,
rickeburg Railroad, and along these roads to the oity,
was one continuous line of beleaguering works, all
• bristling with guns and occupied by troops ready
tto dofend them to the last. Around the, oity, com
manding every approach, were Forts Bee, John
; stofi, Bongstreet, French, Hill, Davis, Ran.
dolph, Jackson, and Winder, varying to dljs
: tance from the city from one: to five miles.
They were the toilettes of an uninterrupted line
, of works, indeed a triple line, for there ware three
: lines at Intervals of half a mile. Forts Randolph,
HlB,* Jackson, disputed an advance over the
: Ohlcknhomlny at Meohanlosvlllo, and the Burner
-ions bridges above and below the town, whtle
, Frenoh, Bee,' and Johnson, and other minor, ba'fc
! teries, glared at Invaders marching along the
; “ Southside.” These fortsVoro the north and
■ west. On the Mist were the works that barred
McClellan's advance along the York River R»U
-’ road, and the Williamsburg stage road, and
Were'so fatal to our progress at Seven Pines,
> Fair Oaks and Savage Station, The Charles City
road was: defended by redoubt after redoubt, ren
dered ; almost impregnable by the White Oak
Swamp, which stretches all along to the east of
the city. The New Market road to Boone’s pike
, was fortified, and from the jplke the great cordon
{Staved till R struck the Tlyhij: above DuicirGap.
’ Here the James was obstructed with everything
that Ingenuity could' suggest, and with so muoh
effect that & expedition by'our navy against
vthe city, seems to have never been-thought
of but onee, and that belbre the placing of tho ob
structlons. A short distance .north of the end of
! this chain. Fort Darling was erected on the bluffs,
• and was but once attacked by us to the memorable
Peninsular campaign, when the Iron or tic-clad
i Galena -is-said, to have'been pieroed by every de
, BcendiEg shot that struck her. Below this fort and
, near the obstructions was Fort Rbett, which stood
: at the beginning of a continuous line of earthworks
■; to Falling creek, striking it about seven miles
; southwert of the oity. The oreek formed one side
rise .of Its ooavextty distant
; about two. miles from - -of the -
t works. These worls overlooked what Is slgnl
fioantly called the “Valley of Death”—called so
' for some unknown reason for hundreds of years.
; Another chain followed the line of the James and
enelosed Petersburg—the whole system having the
form of a string with two loops to it, another string
pendant to one of them. From Deep Bottom to
Hatcher’s Run the works were opposed by our own
which dally encroached upon them. It Is useless to
attempt to desoribe to detail the works around
: Petersburg, named after Memmlnger, Mason, wise
Yancey, Gordon, and Slidell, and twenty other
rebel magnates. Sbffice it to say that they
• were strong, admirably contrived, a perfect laby
rinth, bristling with guns, and omlnouß ol death.
The works exist' how but are no longer rebel, for
. our own boys in blue swarmed over them, amid
. rebel shot and .shell, and these who lavished so
’ much care and skill and hope upon them axe a wild
v mob, flying with unappeasable panic to some place
of shelter they know not where. •
OCCASIONAL. •'
GEN, SHERMAN’S ARMY.
Ml ndOMOTS MARCH TO GifiDSBORO.
TrueAreonnt of the Battles of Averysboro and
; Washikotok, April 3.—Senator Sherman has
just returned from General Sherman’s army, at
Goldsboro, N. C., leaving there on Saturday morn
ing. He says toe entire army Is being reolothed
and refitted with ample stores of supplies of ail
kinds, and will soon be ready ror anew campaign.
The men arrived there after a maroh of five hun
dred miles, ragged and shoeless, but in admirable
health and condition. There was but little fighting
In South Carolina. The chivalry made a feeble
resistance. The rebel accounts of toe battles of
Averysboro and Bentonvtlle are ridlculooß gasco
nades. At Averysboro they made a stand, but fell
hack before a single corps. At BentonvWe they
.concentrated all |toelr scattered forces under Joe
Johnston, and struck the advance of Slocum when
bn toe march, They fell back until a line of battle
was formed, when Slocum’s army withstood repeat
ed charges of the enemy, inflicting vory severe loss
and holding toe field of battle and toe enemy’s dead
and wounded.
; 1 During the fight Gen. Howard’s army completely
flanked the enemy, and Ms advance came within
two hundred yards of Joe Johnston’s headquarters.
Bight came on,'and the enemy retreated/ The
temptation was strong to pursue toe defeated
enemy to Baleigh, but the wagon-train had pro.
1 defied by another route to Goldsboro,-and the men
. needed refit and supplies, so the army resumed its
maroh to Goldsboro, and formed a junction with
Bchofield and Terry. The remarkable feature of
this campaign Igsthat after marohing 600 miles our
army reached the destination selected at Savannah
on the very day fixed, and by the identical route
marked out, and toe arrangements for its arrival
were so perfeot that within one day of Its arri
val at Goldsboro the two railroads from Wilming
ton and Newborn were opened to Goldsboro, and
supplies being distributed.
The country travelled .Is by far the most difficult
tor an army of any between Atlanta and Biehmond.
General Sherman made his visit to the President
and to Gen. Grant while BUpplles were betugdls.
trlbuted. His army Is now largely reinforced, and
is in moßt perfect condition, and in Ms chosen time
and mode will march os to its original destination.
/ KENTUCKY.
DESTRUCTIVE FIRS—GUERILLAS HILLED.
Bouisvhxb, April 2.—Numont’s dry goods store,
on Market street, was burned this evening. Ever
man’s bakery and Halbnm & Co.’s dry-goods store,
adjoining, were isjnred by the falling 'walls and
water. The total loss was $99,000, on whloh there
was but small Insurance.
Scoots from Fort Donaldson on Friday chared
three guerillas Into a mill, between the fortand
Clarksville. They killed one or them, and then set
fire to toe mill, and toe other two were burned to
death,. . ■>
RETORTED CAPTURE OF FORT SMITH BY THE
St. Boms, April 3.— lt la reported that the rebels
have taken Fort Smith, Arkansas, The report needs
confirmation.
At Gallagher’s Exohange to-night gold dosed at
146JJ; New York Central, BS>£; Erie Bailroad,
SBJ4j Hudson Blver, 9ij4 ; Beading, 93Jf; Michigan
Southern, 6S>£; Illinois Central, 96 ; Pittsburg, 64;
H«k Island, 22K *, Northwestern, 49J£; port
Wayne, 88; Ohio and Mississippi certificates, 22x;
Canton Company, 29; Cumberland Coal, 36; Q.u!oß.
silver, 63; Mariposa, 16. Stocks are very strong.
Gold sold up to 14T; and closed at 146’f.
Municipal Election at St. leuis.
St. Bo.uis, April 3— At tb'e municipal election
to day, j, B. Thomas, the Republican candidate,
w»b re-elected mayor by a large majority.
Bentonville.
ABBABSAB.
REBELS.
NEW YORK CITY.
Nrw York, April 3,
BVEHIHG STOCK BOARS.
RICHMOND
AMD
VICTORY!!
“BABYLON HAS FALLEN!
Rebel lion Bowed Before the Union—Tlie Bod.
of her Power Broken.
Thirty Tears ef Plotting Ended, in
Four Fears of Blood.
Wax’s «s»y Blorm-Clauds Bitted—Tite
Blue at quiet and Sunshine
Beaming Peace.
EBBED COHORTS CRUSHED. THOUGH EN
CLOSED IN TRIPLE WALLS,'
Rebellion’s Last City and Last Army at the
Mercy of a Conqueror.
Bklanond Oars and lee's Army a Flying,
Panic-strickea Mob.
Capture of the City Yesterday
Morning.
LEE IN FULL A»D RAPID RETREAT OH
DANVILLE.
GRANT IN PURSUIT TO BTBIKK A
' ' FINAB ISLOW,
Colored Troops Occupy the Whilom
Stronghold of Slavery,
The Inhabitants Welcome Them
with dries of Joy.
fIKSI OmCIAL GAZETTE.
THE EVACUATION OF PETBRSBUBS.
Washington, April 3.— The following
telegram from the President, announcing
the evacuation of Petersburg and probably
of Richmond, has just been received by
the War I^^artmeut.
E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
City Point, Va., April 3, 1865.
Son. E, M. Stanton, Secretary of War .-
This morning General Grant reports Pe
tersburg evacuated, and is confident Rich
mond also is. He is pushing forward, to
cut off, if possible, the retreating army.
A. Lincoln.
SECOND OFFICIAL GAZETTE.
BICHMOND IS OURS !
Washington,. April 3—10.45 A. M.— lt
appears from a General Weitzel,
just received by this Department, that our
forces under his command are in Richmond,
having taken it at 8.15 this morning.
E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
THIRD official gazette.
Washington, April 3—12 M.—The -fol
lowing official confirmation of the capture
of Richmond, and announcing that the
city is on "fire, has jvfet been received by
this Department:
City Point, Ya., April 3—ll A. M.
General Weitzel telegraphs as follows:
“We took Richmond at 8,15 this morn
ing. I captured many guns. The enemy
left in great haste. "• - .
“ The city is on fire in one place. We
are making every effort to put it out.
“ The people received ns with enthusias
tic expressions of joy.
“ General Grant started early this morn
ing, .with the army, towards |h.e Danville
loaff, to cut off Lee’s retreating army, if
possible.
“ President Lincoln has gone to the
front.” - T. S. Bowers,
Assistant Adjutant General.
E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
Visit of President Blneoln to Petersburg.
Washington, April 3— A telegraphic
despatch received to-night from the Presi
dent states that he spent the day in Peters
burg, and returned to City Point to-night.
Details of Saturday’s Movements.
Headquarters of the Abu? of the Poto
mac, April I.— the greater portion of this army
has not been engaged with toe enemy to-day, the
time being occupied In erecting works en the new
line, and repairing toe roads connecting the diffe
rent corps. -
The late rains rendered it impossible to move toe
wagon trains as fast as toe troops advanoed, one
train taking forty-eight hours to move five miles,
one thousand men assisting. Bat through the un
tiring energy and perseverance of the officers in
charge of toe Quartermaster and Commissary De
partments, the army has been almost as well sup.
piled as while in their old quarters.
When the news of Sheridan’s repulse reached
here last evening, a part of the sth Corps was at
once despatched to his eld, and it 13 expected that
to-night or In the morning we shall receive good
n6ws from that quarter. .
It appears that Sheridan was moving on toe road
leading to a place called the Five Forks, whloh Is
about three miles from toe Soutoslde Bailroad,
when two brigades of Pickett's division, wMch had
been ordered out in a great hurry, came down on a
road which inns from Sutherland Station to toe one
on which we were. _
Sheridan’s cavalry having, for toe most part’
passed the junction, this movement of the enemy
threatened to cut him off. He, however, discovered
Ms danger in time to get to hie command with only
a slight loss, at the same tone taring about one
hundred prisoners.
Both of toe Beds were prerent, but one of them at
a respectful distance. On bring reinforced this
morning by toe sto Corps, toe enemy fell back so
rapidiy that theft dead and many of their wounded
fell in to our hands, as well as those of our own una
voldably left behind yesterday afternoon.
, attack made on toe enemy’s line in front of
toe 24th Corps was by Foster’s division, and about
200 prisoners were brought In, toe 148th New York
taking toe most of them.
Some three hundred or four hundred yards of
ground was taken from them, and our ploket-Une bo
mnoh further advanced. At 4A. M. this position
was assaulted, and a few or our men captured, but
in a very short tone it was retaken, with about sixty
prisoners and a stand of colors.
Our loss up to ihe present tone will not exceed
2,600, while that of the enemy, on some parts of to®
line at least, was greater than our own, but of
course the total oannot ho given. Major Dickinson
of the 16th New York Artoleryfls3
and a prisoner. ™
The"Bharpshooterß brought Into too 6th Oonu
htodqmfters this morning sixteen cavalrymen fo!
longing to William Henry Bee’s oommandTTw
hadbeen on picket and were out off by too foroe
wMch went to the assistance at Sheridan.
SECOND DISPATCH.
AkMy °® ™ Potomac, April
rlvS l 0 from Sheridan has just ar-
Most ohoering news. The combined
• ° eavalry and Warren’s Infantry advanoed
12“ afternoon, drivlic them se
ffilleg, and capturing about 4,000 prisoners
aisd a number of gans. * * * ■
«H 0 l re^reate< * P* T ® Forks, where they were
~“*®“ by a P 414 of toe 6th Corps, wMeh had
moved uown the White Oak road. It was here toe
largoßujnber of prisoners were taken. The rebels
toen retreated Bento, along the White Oak road, and
were vigorously pursued by'Gen. Sheridan, while
MoJtenaii’g cavalry, from the Army of toe James,
advanced weßt on the Ford road toward toe South-
Mae road, end, after the messenger left, was only
about tore, mlles &om would, undoubtedly,
roach It before morning. the rebels
Thus toe last great line of toßfficnd
have to supply their capital audLeo’sarmy to about
to be severed, ana «Is firmly believed they w™
mediately leave their present positions at Peters
burg and Rlohmond. thß
Sharp cannonading IS now going on nwf *"•
centre of too lino held by toe left of the Sto Corps.
THE LOYAL JUBILEE.
KIUMLISt'S OYKB TIIK (iKUI VICIIIKY.
Salutes, Parades, Ovations, and Ihsuks-
givings*
WASHINGTON OITT.
WABBIKOTOK, April 3. —The fall of Richmond
and Petersburg beompe known at a few minutes
of 11 o’clock this morning. The Intelligence soon
spread throughdnt the olty, occasioning Intense
and joyous excitement. The employees of toe se
veral departments ; of toe Government deserted
their desks to join with toe rejoicings In toestreeta.
The Secretary of toe Treasury Issued an order re
lieving toe oierhs from duty for the remainder of
toe day. Whether toe heads of toe other depart*
ments Issued a similar order or not, It Is certain that
their respective clerks also indulged In a holiday.
Public business was nearly altogether suspended.
The municipal offices end many of toe merchants’
stores were closed. When toe news reached toe
conrt-honse, so great was toe excitement that the
two courts at that time in session immediately
adjourned.
The teachers of the public schools dismissed their
scholars. Work was suspended at the Navy Yard
and theGovernment,Printing Bureau, and in other
public as well as private establishments. Numbers
of persons Chartered whatever conveyances were
available, and set out through the streets with their.
vehicles profusely decked, with toe American flag,
and at this time the Avenue is gay with such car
riages. The Steam Fire Department Is represented
by both the Steam Fire Brigade and the City De
partment. Flags were plentifully raised on toe
honse-tops and thrown out In front of the public
departments and places of business and private
residences. ■ . *
Pennsylvania avenue was crowded with pedes
trians, and groat was toe anxiety to hear toe latest
newß.
The newsboys, with their extras, somewhat.al
: layed the geheral demand] and the absenoe of war
like particulars was supplied by toe groups and
f hurrying throngs, in speculations and the ropetb
tlons of meroruppjrs wMch extensively prevailed.
Between elevonand twelve’ o’clock an immense
crowd gathered In toe park otfths north side of toe
War Department and there received the first con
firmatory lhtefflgesbebf the victory, which was
greeted with deafening cheers.
There were loud calls for toe Secretary of War,
who appeared and delivered a brief address, as
follows: • '- -
* ■—T.HVIJU. «. ..
SPEECH OP SECRETARY STAHTOH.
Fbiskdb AMD I'BLEO'w.crazESK : In this (Treat
, hour of triumph my heart, as well as yours. Is peae
traced with gratitude to Almighty God Tor hts de
liverance of this nation. [Tremendous and pro
longed applama] Oar thanks are duo to the Presi
dent, (cheers) to the army and navy, [cheers 1 to
the gallant officers and men who haveperiled their
Jlres npon the battle field and drenched the soil
with their blood. [Great cheers.]
Henceforth our commiseration andour aid should
bo given to the wounded, the maimed and the suffer,
tog who bear the marks of their great sacrifices to
this mighty struggle. Let os humbly offer up our
' tbiiz>Bß_£o Divine ProyidenoQ for His e&to ovaf us*
and beseeoh Him that’He will guide and govern.'
ns in our duties hereafter, as He has eaaffed us?
forward to victory to the past; that He wiH teach
ns how to be humble In the midst of triumph, how
to be just In the hour of victory, and that He will
enable us to secure the foundations of this Republic,
soaked,,as they have been, to blood, so that.lt shall,
live forever and ever. [Cheers.] Let us-also'not
forget the laboring millions to other lands who, to
this struggle, have given ns their sympathies and
their prayers, and let ns bid them rejoice with us
In onr great triumph. ,-Then, having none this, let
ns trust-the future-'to'God,-who will guide us, as
heretofore, according to His own good will.
Mr. Stanton then read the despatch from General
Grant, announcing the capture, at 5.15 this morn
ing, of Richmond, by General Weltzel’s command,
and that he [Grant) was moving tu«* army up' to
capture the Danville road and Lee’s retreating
forces. It was received with long and continued
cheering.
Vice President Johnson, Senator John Shop
man, ex-Senator Preston King, and others ad
dressed the assemblage. The oratory was inter
rupted by Jtoe reading of a second despatch, and
although the Bubstanoe of It was not distinctly
heard by those on tne outskirts, loud and repeated
cheers were given pn the assurance of continuous
'good news.
Hon. B. P. Holloway announced the victory to
an assemblage at the Interior Department, and de
livered a neat, but brief address, appropriate to the
occasion.
SPEECH OP SECRETARY SEWARD,
A large crowd; collected in front of the State De
partment, which was profusely decorated with flags,
and called ont Secretary Seward, who, after the
cheers had subsided, spoke'as follows:
I thank my fellow-citizens for the honor they do
me by calling to congratulate nie on the fail of
Richmond. [Cheers.] lam now about writing my
foreign despatches. What shall r tell the Emperor
of Chlnal I shall thank him, la your name, for
never having permitted a piratical flag to eater the
harbors of the empire. [Applause.] What shall I
say to the Sultan of Turkey ! I shall thank him
for always having surrendered rebel insurgents who
have taken refuge in his kingdom, lories of
“That’s ft!'’and cheering.] WJuat shall I eayto
the Emperor of the French ? [5. voice—“To get
out oi Mexico.”] I shill say to the Einperor oi the
French that he osn go to-morrow to Richmond and
get hie tobacco, so long held under blockade there,
provided the rebels have not Used It up. [Laughter
and cheers.] '
To Lord John Rußaell I wllrsay that Britishmer
chants will find the cotton exported from our ports
under treaty with the United States oheaper than
Earl Russell hlmsoE I‘fami
this Is a war forfreedom and national Independence
and the rights of human nature. and not a war for
empire. And If Great Britain should only be fust
to the United States Canada will remain nridts
tnrbed by ns so long as she prefers the authority of
the noble Queen to voluntary Incorporation with
the United Stales. (Cheers, and exclamations of
“That’sthe talk!” “You’re right I’’]
„ What shall Iten the King of Prussia! I will tell
°/. P rt,SB)a that the Germans have been
faithinl to toe standard of the Union, as Ms excel
lent minister, Baron Gerolt, has been constant In
bis friendship to the United States -during his long
.residence to bids country. {To-the Emperor of
v«^i tr »i=« S^* U ! »y ‘bat be has proved himself a
7,® r r J' 1 ! 8 J man > be told us to the beginning
that he had no sympathy with rebellion anywhere.
I do not doubt, lellow-oltlzena, but’ that at last you
accede to the theory by which I have governed
n ?? lB]!y l. Ulat »• rebellion
will end In ninety days. [Laughter and cheers. 1 I
have thought this the true theory, because r never
knew a physician able to restore Ms patient to
health unless he thoughtheeould work a cure under
«he most Improbable circumstances to ntoety days.
Finally, if the American people approve, x will
say ihat cur motto to peace Bhall be whatonr text
has been while in war. Every nation Is entitled top
regulate It* own domestic affairs In its oira mf
and all are bound to eondnot themselves so as to
promote peace on earth and good will to mankind
Upon the conclusion or the Secretary’s speech!
toe crowd dispersed, cheering voeiferouaty for the
President, the Secretary, and the Union!
At a subsequent period of the day, an assemblage
wasaddressed from the steps of toe ladles’ entrance
to WUlard’s Hotel, by Tice President Johnson, who
wakfrequently Interrupted by cheers. The enthu
siasm was particularly great when he said that at
the time Southern Senators were talking treason,
he told them to thelf faces la the Senate Chamber
that were he President Buchanan he would arrest
toe whole of them, and, obtaining*
would do as General Jackson would have done,
namely, hang them as high as Haman for treason!
Major General Butler, Senator Nye, and others
also gratified toe auditory with speeches. General
Butler said:
FELLo-sy-ormiiHE: Hotting wouia give ms great
®r picas are tlian to meet you at am time mni>h
A trlam l ,:bs of the American SS
brave soldiers who have umrohaaed
i r ,bl6od thlB success to our arms and ran!:
™>co of pace, in the hour oft'iumDlTlat
08 remember that the deluded mas« nf JSS'
South are and must be a portion or our oountrcr°
™melv?s o tL? ar t S h e
fW4 SSt the*
S”Ss o? S Ee have any Stfoa')
terrunu>d hvin»d™’-< E ? ho Qon6 . ral was lore ln
ed by loud and long continued cheering t
o?erus° The f?3 n 3 0 J ,orioos . flaKwUoil "aws
perhaps therl ?an^i? moro W sugUtl“4n^
the gaffitW§lt^ n wifn lpS 01 -® s ® l troops^dw
Sg ß KeSm “^Se W rehllcSl° £2*.%
■*“*«« Mgll the of
■ era°tn God “P o ® h*! J°y on our Bps speaking glad
he!rts fifi,d h^ er -’ bandB joined Ihmniom our
T II ?J t L. E, " <I With joy, our souls with gratitude to
Him who has protected us as He did cm- «kthw?
= Swear to each other that ow amniw
®f Wherty, freedom, equality of rlehta t*v«.n
Unionise and inseparable? [IrmSSo
*** »** we
h?m«i ? SS?2® tee with tt*won*n& *!J
belllon, hat fcy the right arms of oar soldiers * an<)
the terms which we shall atra will h* *
Son 1 *“2? justice of the nL
tion. [Renewed and long-contianed applause’.! ”
At the National, this afternoanu* ian» L**,*
gathered and was addressed Grimes
of lowa, and ex- Governor Bates of Illinois
Afterwards the throng proceeded to the Meta*®
lltan, irom the portico of which they were amvm
prlately addressed by Messrs. Pearce of Oa’llforSfo
E&K and U Swak O S f Sa*
Hotel, and expressed his gratification of thegfortous
SPeMI1 * *• of good-hu-
-.tl- b .. SolaieM ’ **«*» Colonel Ingraham an
“ 6 ne * stUtl morning, which was received
»J t l J lF. Bnnml>eror soldiers present in the most
enthusiastic planner. The rebel deserters who
were present joined heartily lit the joyful demon-
Btration.
The band of the 3d Brigade, 3d Division of the
J*th Corps, recently from Boston, on its way to the
front, immediately turned out and performed seve
ral national airs amid the deafening cheers of the
soldiers and the crowd of civilians assembled in the
vicinity. "
The lst Brigade of the Veteran Reserve Corps
consisting of the 6th Regiment, under command of
Lieut. Col. Johnston, of the loth Regiment; 001.
Dewitt, ortho 12th Regiment, and MatSfieia,
of the 7th Regiment, headed by a band of music
and two squadrons of provisional oavalry, com
manded by Capt. Hill, and all under the Immediate
command of 001. Oils, paraded several of the prin
cipal streets and avenues .about two o’clock this
afternoon, after which they proceeded tothegroimds
sonthof the President's house, where they were re
ceived by Gen. Augur, oomhmbdfogW Depart
ment of Washington, in the presence or an Immense
crowd of ladies and gentlemens
A salute of eight hundred guns—three hundred
in honor of the fall of Petersburg and five hundred
In honor of the capture of Rlohmond—was fired
ftom the corner of Fourteenth and M streets, by or
der of the Wax Department, by Batteries E ms v
of the 2d United States Artillery, and BatteryH or
the 14th Pennsylvania Artillery, from Gamp Barrv
under the direction of Brig. Gen. Hall. A saints 5
one hundred guns was also fixed from the battery
on the navy-yard wharf. wer r
There was firing of cannon dutinir the
at the fortifications Ja the neighborhood 0 f Wash-
togton, and in the city there was a gengtu
of beUS.
The streets eonttoned crowded to a i lt , .
night. Snoh a day of rejoining was never JJ,'
Washington. *'
Secretary Welles seat telegrams to the c M!r
and other nSfy yards of the United Sat*.
leg a national salute to be fired immediate;
receipt of the glorloosfiiews of the
mond. • ’• *’«
- BALTIMORE.
BaxtimoSb, April 3.—The people are ljto,
with joy, and the Union people are intense] 1
lantr'embracing each other In the streets, •»
9 great display ,of flags. The Mayor
deredall'tbe hells its the city to be rung
HARRISBURG.
BABBißßtrse, Pa, April S—By direction
Curtin,’one hundred guns were fired from,, ' J
Hill this afternoon In honor or the resent *
victories and occupation of Richmond. p ab , :
private buildings are adorned with tj ''
streamers, and the citizens are enthasiastiaT
demonstrations of joy. ‘
Governor Curtin, instead of accompap-u
Secretary of War to be present at the a 5,..!
over Fort Sumpter and participate ip
monies eeiebratlsg the capture or
■tends to hold himself In readinesß to go to
and perhaps to Richmond, to look alter
vania soldiers who may have been wonodM?’
late battles in that vicinity. His :
now gathering large <iaantltiesortospi :Klj ./ ;
be despatched in that dlreetlon, and wl?
nothing undone immediately to contiioj,,
relief of all Pennsylvania troops in tia
hospitals in and around Richmond
The olty Is jubilant with rejoicings ore? >■-
or Richmond. The Iron tongues of every ut !
city are olanaicg out notes of joy. Tt a 1
filled with soldiers from the hospital
with veterans from the eamps, and tloa
witlL cltlsens are contributing to the g,. * 3 *’
joloing with shouts and huxsas. ~ " #tll
PITTSBURG.
PrrrsBTJBO, April a.—The news of th, ,
of Richmond was reoeived with the mas:
monstrationa of joy. AIl the bells lnthe c i t '
rung, the Courts were adjourned, and lm 51aa ,
generally suspended. a!
Immense crowds assembled on Fifth tt-,,.
were addressed by popular speakers.
A meeting was held to-night to mate;..
tions fer a general holiday, to-morrow,
' TRENTON.
Tsbbtox, April 3 —The news of the f.,i:
.mond was received here with rejoicing
rung, and a prooeaalon, accompanies t>-.1 bl ,
music, paraded the streets. Speeches i Br ,
;by Col. C. Hall, Mayor Mills, and C. W. j k .y,
NEW YORK CITY.
> *HB BXOITKIDKST OTXB THB OSSAT 5 Wj
! tifrr Tonir, April oltlsnu «, -
than oreijoyed at thegreat goodner’ •.».
jfnm the Secretary or Tyar. The ejprc. .
joy are of a universal character. Flings a.'
lug from the housetop?, windows, and rfyW;.
ble point, and staid merchants actually •
eaeh other on the streets In congratulatory s >
Gloss.
: Some ten thousand persons assemblerf in , lr
ously In front or tlio custom house tjjtj ms ,
for mutual congratulations on the rsptq re Sl - >
mond. Speeohe&were made by Hon, si*«m
per, P. ]&. Wetmore, ML Odell,
Btttteifielil, W. M, EvartS, BoTus W. Anton
others. s - i
; The greatest enthusiasm prevailed.
proceedlngsUie vast assemblage sang ‘-o:
tired.”
, A. grand celebration is In preparation Torn
exoltenmnt hse «»■%»
in this olty all the afternoon ana evenfor Vr |
little business; was transacted to-day, miajyji
merchants closing their stores aznl
their shops. 1
The meeting in Wall street was oocu-n; ,9
past 4 o’olook. .The Petroleum Board, iis-.j
merchants, and the Tobacso Exchange, si! t - J
meet’at the Merchants’ Exchange, In Ptej,,, w
adjourned with enthuslastlo cheers. ' w.
The Produce Exchange was deserts ), n:. &
Steele Board had bat few present. The G;.i ■
was almost entirely empty. JR
Great enthusiasm Is manifested by an •:
Teams, are ornamented with flags as,|
through the streets, which have been <•, ~j ,'fm
the afternoon, and salutes hare bees ewi
reverberating fromall points—the Batterj.ii; y|
and the parks. ‘ M
An Immense meeting Is going on this f - ( »- f.|
Onion Square. Gannon are roaring m ..- •’ i'f
city, fire-works are being sent np ig prfe); ||
illtun(nations are being made by huidreM >i A.,
sens. ’• |
-y
i
mj
ALBANY.
-AXBAsrr, April 3.—ln the Legislature :->■ !
oconpatlon* of Richmond was annotnmd v'
celred with cheering, and in honor of tks, 8 ,-
Honse took a recess till evening.
At batty, April 3.—The rejoicings -wen—
continued to-night. The post office and m:
buildings are lllumlnated. A salute is bo
while bonfires are burn log, and preceptor ;
teg. The demonstrations of joy were sen::
general or emphatic.
utcoa, vc, y.
, Utica, N. T., April 3d.-.Thla city held
over the tell of Richmond, to night. Sen-;
sand people assembled at Bagg’s sqa*:*
•Ward Hunt presided, and speeches wars a;
Hon. W. A. Dart, mils, Roberts and othsr.
_ AUBURN, ST. Y.
Auhttrw, R. Y;, April 3.—A salute on:
were fired here, at .Poughkeepsie, and otter
the State, to d»y,.lnlra&or ol the victories t.
THE LEGISLATf
TAB BBOBrTIOH OF TH* WBWB ov yion>s:
THUEIABTIC PBOCNBDINQS.
Bostok, April t—The Legislature w.
o'clock tills afternoon, bat no business coal
and a motion to adjourn was unanlmo'i'ir
-.'ironaimfWt joined t
log “ America,” “Old Hundred,” amt
Speaker Bullook and others mads p«
speeches.
BOSTON.
Boston, April s.—Tbs glorious news r :
Army of the fotomao, and the snaetteess'.'
fell of Richmond, creates an intensity of psz
excitement. Flagg are floating from ptb!:.
private buildings, and everybody looks jabfis:
.; Large sums are pouring iu In aid of the
Commission and other organizations to farm;.-’
forthe wounded. ]
A mass meeting, for congratulation? was id
the Exchange at noon* Bxayer was 'd’er: . ; j
Bev. Mr. Hepworth, and appropriate speeccid
made. Gilmore’s fine band Is playing pstn . .
In State andbusiness generally is rs.c j
Boston, April 3.—A hundred guns wew “1
day to honor of the capture of KlchmoM, an:tl
was general rejoicing. J
The butchers and market men of TVs. j
and Quincy market, atthedoseoftasloe' '* .
through the streets with flags and mad- '
have been fired, bells rung, and genera .
has been the business of the day. It 1« st"
that a more formal celebration of
Will soon take place, under the auspices
government.
¥
fbovidence. h
vamamatm, E. i., Aprils.—The GsW M
ordered a salute or 100 gong to be fired bj r'|3|
tUlery company in the State, In honor of JP?
ties. .., W-'M
CINCINNATI. iff
CntonmATij April a.—The new of tic. Kj
Elohmond caused a great enoitemest t'-‘-
ness was suspended, flags ate flying froa ■■‘WM
ings in profusion, and general rejoidsgrgil
The city to-night Is ablaze with firesrcri;
streets are thronged with peoplo. EL)
At the municipal election to-day rp
(Union) was re elected mayor. ?i
MAINE. fj
: Pobtuabd, April 3.—Thero was as - . t
mass meeting at the City Hall tmer>£>, :
sided over by Senator Fessenden, to cd-'-flfc
■victory.
Augusta, April 3.—The news
Htchmond was received with Ssmonstra'i"; ji9
greatest joy by the people of this city. LJH
rung, flags displayed, and a salute of ort
guns fired. In the afternoon a meeting
the StateiHouse, which was addressed
Cony and others. To-night the city is »
.* ■ NEW HAMPSHIEE. §1
Cokcobd, N. H., April 3.—“ There it fll
joiclng over the downfall of Elebmcsi *1
bells ringing, guns firing, asd Jf f
si# LOUIS. cK
St. Louis, April 3.—The news frost r ‘ f - ■ H
day caused general rejoicing fit tt»
were displayedand irastaess geserjJ-f s “- %?
VASHIftGiOS'
- ’ waamaTOS, Apffi
[Special Despatch to Tie Press. 3
THE RECEIPT OP THE GLORIOUS >- j
APourthof July, junior, has
day. Stores on the avenue have been c, “' 1
displayed everywhere, and fi”® j
Chronicles have been sold. The clems® j.l
rlor, Post OOce, Treasury, State, and - I
partments turned out e» messs, and riw s
Department. Speeches were made a
Sewabd, Vice President Jomssos, Oj'-
lkk, and others. The streets were .
people, but there were but few dlstcr«- ;V
Veteianßeserves and the Are co®r*>“
There was a general expression -
that Wkxtzbx. did not allow Klohmos l •'
down, until not a vestige of 15 ««• "
rnlns remained. ■; ’
; The tidings reafihed this eitl b:t .
o’clock. As if but one thought, or*,g
vented the whole metropolis, as r n s j‘ e i . I -.|
clerks in the Departments .droppedl
their desks, and hastened to holds I ”'', j
front of the edifices where flags 1
The elerks of the Departments sh-wt®* •„ I
the other, and orders were issued to I
day. Then grand Impromptu i ,r0 ””; ; '|
formed and marched to the Wat ’.-v 1
speeches were made hy Secreted* 5 '■
Stahtof, PBBgTON Kmo,and otksf?'. ■
The enthusiasm extended * otl:e . 5 rt ;;' l
square of the city. Miniature flags *V
the streets resounded with cheers aui ■
of joy.- The Circuit, Criminal, sm> ; 1
were in the midst of badness, wl®” M
stands, but the moment the • ■ I
was annonnoed, all the courts adjoa. ' ; ■
public and private schools were ‘ ..,1
patrlotlo women of Washington 1
streets, promenading and visiting Mu 1 1
heartilyln thegeneral rejoicing. „., e c: 1
In thirty-five years I have never ■
snch unbounded joy on any , 1
moment, twelve minutes past fivs ' “ j,.> I
comes up to cur Chronicle office »!
patriotic men,, on sp'*" o ; 1 ;
drew up in line in front of the ; |
three hearty cheers. Who they , _
believe them to be from Eastern j
probably wagonmasters. Ttey tc ’ I
other places of ccnvlvlaiity.
Our flag floats beautifuliy in
the whole day.
Prom private Information ter"
President Dibools designed
Elehmoaa, and may hare done 51