ItETAILDRY GOODS.
I, * - '6 ll l‘ji DISPLAY.
g plc' room' contains a fine show of proved/-
le and elegant iiirmente, for fall and winter wear.
0011 VELOUR CLOAKS.
NDSOME BEAVER DO.
; WEST FROSTED BEAVER DO.
OCK TRICOT AND BEAVER DO.
OE BLACK GARMENTS.
icATER PROOF CLOAKS.
„LOANS MADE TO ORDER.
• - •..
COOPER 80 C7Ol4ARin
.onIWSI3I BOCltholl9 . t corner NINTH and MARKET.
INIO3I REDUOTIOR IN TER
PRICES
rPEri r GOODt3.
IES B. CAMPBELL & CO.,
727 CHESTNUT STREET,
VI TIMM ILWTIRE STOOK OP
DRY GOODS,
CONSISTING IN PART OF
WOES, •
)pLINS AND REPS,
EpINGLINES, •
ULAN PLAIDS, ,
ALPACAS AND•MORAIRS,
BLACK AND FANCY SILKS,
SHAWLS, GLOVES,
LINENS, WHITE GOODS,
FLANNELS, BLANKETS,
LINEN AND COTTON
*MEETINGS,
REPELLANPS AND
CLOAKING CLOTHS,.
T EXTREMELY LOW RATES.
beg leave SO Seenra the public' that we have
rd down every . article in our stook. and now have
ca rower to offer
RARE BARGAINS.
3ELT BTOCK OF
C 0 A. rrIN-(3ks,
70X LADINO AND GENTLER - EL
110STIM,
3LOVREI
ioanitlas,
,6100 TS,
SCOTCH PLAIDS.
BASKETS.
VELVETS,
MIXTURES. ka.,
#ry shale aad quality In the estuary. Yoe. chaise
Goods, call at the
CIA.YrEr. tErronm
WIVE. T. SNOD GRA§S,
34 South SECOND Street, and
)33 STRAWBERRY Stree
101,41 CHN6TNITT STREET.
E AL NEEDLES
LS, WIT RECINITTNG
NOVELTIES
LA.CIIB,
WHITE GOOD%
EMBROIDERrES,
VEILS,
HANDKERCHIEFS, ga.
Na U g T y A BM et / y
ORT H RD AIL D RMB.M
111.2 :4 ,IL-4
RIGHT PLAID POPLINS.
MST OPENED, several large lota, bought in New
el reduced pilaw; for cash.
e A einfele-width rich Plaids, 66c.
old double width heavy gay Plaid Poplins, $1.26.
e lois fine all-wool bright Plaids, cheap.
le lots rich 'wool Plaid Poplins, $l.BB, $2, and
!id fine wide 'French Merinoes, 31.60.
rid Striped Brocade Rope, $1.26.
IN tared, striped, heavy Mohairs, $1.25.
:hi figured Merthoes, $1.2. 1 1; a bargain.
of black 'wool Deleartes, 760 cheap.
'Jon American Pilate and D e latnee. '
' 'BRA CON/
TEEL -14 HAVE
1f1443 and choice assortment of
/ILL D WINTER DRESS UOODS.
Mertnoea, SL2S to $6. Plain Poplins.
t Marlines and Poplins,
'and Plaid Silk Poplins,
nand Figured Mohair Poplins,
rat variety of new and choice Dress Goods, all s:
a far below
TE PRESENT COST . OF IMPORTATION.
ii—Of all kinds, a great variety, from 76 cents
it yard, below
THE IMPORTER'S PRIDES.
TLS—.I large assortment, at a small advance
4 Wow the present gold pk
rode Shawls, open centres.
Smelts Shawls, Ailed centres.
IBrocho khawla, open centres.
Broth°Shawls, Wed centres.
Bela and Strl:4! 'Blanket Shawls.
e, Plaid, sad Ships Blanket Shawls.
lad agnare Black 'htbet Shawls.
ttillla Valcctt,•pure silk.
Ed sad °Lacr Zoperor Cloth*.
I ready made.
EDWIN HALL it 00.,
S 6 South IRECOIqD Strad
lONERT
'AL, AND OTHER
MINING
1W COMPARIIIE
prepared to farniah Nor Corpontions with all
ta they rendre. at short notice and low prim.
suality. All styles of Binding.
ITiEL PLATE CERTIFICATES 07 STOOK.
LITHOGRAPHED •• • •
tatarern BOOK.
OOZES OP TEAMSTER.
!SOCK LEDGER.
STOCK LEDGER DALJJ(O/21.
1 10ISTER 07 CAPITAL STOOL
I EOEIEII PETTY LBI/OBR.
ICCODIT OF SALES. •
MUTED 100 E. •
• urpas,el3 ocw .
oosKAIMPACITOZEBOOVELTIOMIL
It= AILMMITITtiIt.
ATERS AND' FURNACES.
ILADELPHIA • •. • •
'ARMING AND 'VENTILATING -
WAXILIPAFICI USE, . •
AND
elled Slate Mantel Manufactory,
1010 CHESTNUT STREET.
. •
ECONOMY IS .MONSY.
"LSOP'S PATENT GAR-CONSUMING CONE
1 7 URN &13
arm your bon se with oon -third teas coai than
4er Furnace to use. •
101/13 'PATENT ELEVATED DOUBLE-OVBX
) equal Int l° world. '
COORING-RNOE
• -
Call and examine it.
! . .ie present blab prices of marble no one in want o!
els should fail to examine my stock of
EADTIFUL ENAMELLED SLATE MANTELS,
nr " 2 l IVel f WN AND COMMON
PARLOR GRATES,
REOIeTERS. and
VENTILATORS,
W. ARNOLD.
raptly on band
BLOOM in MOIR WAREHOUSE,
8 NORTH THIRD• STREET.
for the sale of all the celebrated brands of
Y. OBEXIG a 00., Cincinnati.
I OT THE WEST," " CIMINNATIISa"
-Nouns," 8•.
PIAS TURKISES" AND OTHER SMOKING
TOBACCO.
OIGABS and TOBACCO, no•
Js witailLms,
60. 16 1101 TH SIITH
Maianfatturer of
VENETIAN BLINDS
AD
si-rAmEs.
Lund sad !inset knortmeat In the Ai ii AS
LOWEST PRICIF:44
ihnirLnx atkndeeto promptl7.
t.Bhadei and Lettered.
WHITE CLOVER HONEY. '
SEW PARED PEACHES.
CDLTIVATED 'CRANBERRIES. .&.
ALBERT, RO,BViRTS:
Dealer inirne Orocerles,
I t Corner I.LEVENTR and VINN Street+.
VOL. 8..17.0.:.,,f93..
• ,
MY ENTIRE STOOk
FORTY IP.IEEI CENT.
LESS THAN COST OF IMPORTATION.
I. E. WILLIELAVJON,
SUCCESSOR TO W. R. CARRIE.
MASONIC] HALL,
719 CHESTNUT STREET.
oeS•tf
1 0 2 6 CHESTNUT STREET. 1026 .
'CURTAIN STORE.
Constantly masthead a fall line"of
WINDOW CURTAINS
CURTAIN MATERIALS,
• FURNITURE COVERINGS,
WINDOW SHADES,
CORNICES. BANDS,
- TASSELS, GIMPS,
CORDS, &0., &0.,
_
AT THE LOWEST PRICES,
For first-elass goods. The workmanship of this estab
lislunent Is second to no other in the 'United States.
0. N. STOUT & 00.,
" No. 10516 CHESTNUT Street.
laqV; :1 M:A
THE FLORENCE.
- 1 - THE FLORENCE
THE FLORENCE
THE FLORENCE
THE FLORENCE
THE FLORENCE
THE FLORENCE
THE FLORENCE
SEWING MACHINES,
SEWING MACHINES,
SEWING MACHINES,
SEWING MACHINES,
SEWING MACHINES;
SEWING MACHINES,
SEWING MACHINES,
SEWING MACHINES,
630 CHESTNUT STREET.
630 CHESTNUT STREET.
630 CHESTNUT STREET.
630 CHESTNUT STREET.
630 CHESTNUT STREET.
630 CHESTNUT STREET.
630 CHESTNUT . STREET.
630 CHESTNUT. STREET.
SELF. £ DRY GOODS JOBBERS°
S
Fal l I wr"IE, I FALL,
IN U
1804. NOW M
fIS64.
ZDMIJND YARD & CO„
s@o, firi Chestnut and fill Ayne ItMggi
DEPORTS - RE AIM JOBBERS 07
SILKS AND FANCY DRY GOODS,
SEIAWLS, LINENS,
pEYD WHITE GOODS,
4. LAWS AND HANDSOME STOOK or
DRESS GOODS.
ALL LIAR OP FORMA AID DOKBSTIKI
1311.3L141011,AL5,
IAULDDLITO ZEIJAHRI AID. OVUM MUM
ittaD-31n
COMMISSION HOUSES.
HAZARD & HUTCHINSON;
Jo. us CHESTNUT STBIBT.
CIOMMISSIC_IN MEROHANTR
You Tun ma 01
U 71480 PHILADELPHIA-MADE MODS.
CARPETS AND OIL-CLOTHS.
1864. FALL 1864.
G:I.J.ENIECBLO ELLIEALIS,
GERMANTOWIL
idoCALLUM & 00-:
CARPET WAREHOUSE,
1109 CHESTNUT STREIT.
seI7.EN I'HILADELPHLL
H Street
1864. - 1864.
BIeC.A_LALUDI dr. CO.,
RETAIL DEPARTMENT.
•i 9 Cam=Fr MUM.
sal-tra OPPOSITE INDEPENDENCE HALL.
1864.
A. Ii & F. IL WOHRATH,
13110OBSSOBB TO TBB LATB 080. F. WONBATRA
N 0.415 Arch Street,
LADIES' FANCY PIXELS,
To which they Invite the attention of buyesti.
oe2D•Sm
HENRY RASKE,
NEW FUR STORE,
511 ARCH STREET.
The above respectfully informs his patrons, and the
Public in general, that he has now opened at the above
store an assortment of
LADIES' AND
F C UR HILDREN'S
FANCY S,
which for variety and quality
CANNOT BE SURPASSED
by any house in the ljnited States.. Being the mann
lecturer of all his Fars, and having imported all his
stock when gold was mach lower than at the present
rates, he can offer them to his patrons at the most rea
sonable prices.
bell FURS made to order, and repairing done in the
mer and latest styles.
RENRY_EABRE,
IMF'ORTRB ASD HANiTFACTIOIRR
OF LA.DIRS' AND CHILDRBN 'l3 FURS,
oelg.tf 512' ARCH St ..
MERCHANT TAILORS.
EDWARD P. KELLY,
yam from this date (October 311) sell AA
GENTS' FIIBNISHINIA Goons.
825
ARCS STREET. 825
REMOVAL.
G. A. HOFFMAN
PRXXIIII MILT AND WKAPFfI
ELLITUYACTORT, AND GENTLEMAN'S
kURNISHING EMPORIUM.
MOVED FROM 606 ARCH STREET
" TO THE Wir STORE.
825 ARCH STREET. 1325
i.n.ranwsza
EAORES.--5 000 DOZEN BEIIMETI
oaIIy sealed Peaches of the Sheet quality, prepared
by b. Edwards 4, Co., Bridgeton, N. / Salesroom.
RHODES & WILLIAMS.
107 South WATEA Street.
:
. . - 4 • . - , . . - . , .... . .
- '
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~._.....,, .; '
••••0 1 •. , ~--imm0•••,......../•- _ _,... • ~.... . ,• • ••-•";-•-• • .. E ..i- ..
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MATADI GOODS.
I WILL OPPRB
LACE CURTAINS
FANCY FURS.
VITILS.
HAVE NOW OPEN
♦ FULL ASSORTSIRNT Or
JOHN KELLYi
TAILORS,
612 CHESTNUT STREET,
REDUCED PRICES,
CASH.
WEDNESDAY, •NpVEMBER • 16 ; • 1864
MILITARY ORGANIZATION.
A Letter from au °Ulcer of .1111171 f Rank,
now in Active service, ----
To the Editiir. of The Press : . .
Son : One of the great wants of our nation,• the ne:
ceasity of which has boon developed by the existing
war, is thateif •a well-organized and porfcct.worilag
military esiablishment. Tho States of Continental
Europe, for the last three hundred years, having
been almost, without intermission, engaged in war,
have, after long experience, much thought, and re' ,
peated legislation, brought their military organisa
tion to as near perfection as human institutions ad
init.:• Separated from Europe by the . tra,st Atiantie,
and little interested In the questions which agitated
and divided the several States of that •continent,
occupied in subduing.the wild soil of our vast* ter
ritory, in improving our manufactgres, Opening, an
asylum for the poor and oppressed of ;all lands,
scattering broadcast throughout the Republic •tho
blessings of peace and plenty, fearing no war, eon-
EdollB of cur ability to repel any &Week from:with
out, but little thought or attention was given to
our military organization. When the tocsin of re
bellion sounded we were found without any prepa
ration, with nothing but. the energy of the people
to rely upon. Nobly as have the people responded
to the call of their country, but Taint attempts have
been made to organize the vast forces brought Into
action. Most of these• attempts have no - higher
source than the orders of the War' Department, or
of generals commanding in the field, and yet await
the action of (he legislature to give them the autho
rity of law. It is to be hoped that this want maybe
supplied during the next session of Congreis, and
that our efforts may not, fail from the imperfection
of the machine through which we are compelled,to
act.
The leading mon of the South being either plant
ers or lawyers, the latter with few or no briefs,
having'but little to occupy their time with, had be:-
stowed more attention upon this important subject
than our Northern statesmen had either the time or
inclination to do: Every Southern man is by nature
a soldier, and every one takes a deep interest in mi.
litary affairs. Nearly all Southern institutions of
learning are semtnillitary in their organization:
Having long prepared the ground for the rebelliOn,
when it did break out its leaders found a largo
• amount of instruotion in the elementary parts of
military duty generally diffused among the people.
The various semireilitary institutions supplied a
large number of young men, highspirited, ambi
tious, animated with military ardor,"from whom to
make subordinate officers. The higher' positionS
were, with few exceptions, filled by men of
extensive military experience... Political gene
rals, the bane of our army, 'were not ap
pointed, nor would they ever have been tole:
rated in the Southern army for a moment. To have
entrusted any important command to a mere poli
tician would have created such a furore in the rebel
army as would have compelled the authoritiesi• to •
have withdrawn him. No one would have served
under the appointee, or he would have been driven
In disgrace from the. camp the moment he ven
tured to - assume command. The rebel Government
is a despotism, but it is a military desPotfsm, and,
the will of the army is supreme. It cannot be de.
Died but that in organization, in discipline, and in
struction in the higher parts of the Military art, the
rebel army is in advance of ours. Merit with them
is the ground of advancement to high positions.
Frain the moment an army becomes impressed with
the idea that political or personal consideration,
and not merit ) is the ground for advancement, its
honors or rewards fall,to have any value in the eyes
of the soldiers. It becomes mercenary, and can be
kept together only by the hope of plunder . ; it ra
pidly sinks into an armed mob, terrible only to its
supporters, not to be dreaded by its adversaries. , •
ihre design in the present article to indicate some
of the essential points of a good military organize- .
to point out the defects of our establishment,
and suggest some measures for their removal, and
supply their_place by those calculated' to raise
our military character. To discuss this subject fully
would require volumes—we meet necessarily confine
ourselves to a mere outline. •:e • •
Every army consists essentially of what aro techni
cally called the 16s-ce arms; that is to say, of in
fantry, cavalry, and artillery. The proportions
between these vary with the nature of the theatre
of the operations, the quality of the troops, and the
nature of the obstacles to be overcome. Besides
these, there are also the engineers, the general
staff, and the corps of pollee and adridnistration.
A good infantry is the basis of all military organi
zation ; withent'it you can have no army; it is the
only corps that is self-sustaining—the'dthers are all
auxiliary to it. Geerlseeatre,.
w s ere anTisgrctort - ausecisan jgrbmfd. Eire are
two kinds of infantry, heavy and light. The - first
acts in line, I. ea shoulder to shoulder, the second i 9•
employed , in 'skirmishing. Firmness and'prechileil '
of movement . are required of the first ; rapidity,:l
dash, and skillin firing, of the second. In our ser--
vice, with the exception 'of a few bodies of sharp
shootersathere is no light infantry ; our troops are
called upon to perform both duties. "
Cavalry acts by-impulsion ; its effect is measured
by its mass multiplied by its velocity. In level or '
open countries cavalry is an essential arm, and its
proportion to that of infantry should be large. In
mountainous or broken countries but little.opportu
nity occurs for its employment, and in such cases it,
may almost entirely be dispensed with. Cavalry
never stands on'the defensive. In order to defend
itself, it attacks. It does not patiently await the
assaults of its adversary, but rushes forth to meet
him. It consists, like infantry, of two kinds, heavy
and light. - The first iri• Intended for charges In &s
-teal battle; .the second is employed on oUtpost duty, •
in scouts, and to pursue the routed enemy. It ree
quires a longer time to make a cavalry soldier than
an infantry one.. Cavalry, in the proper accepta
tion of the term, le cannot be said to' have; that
which goes under that name is, properly speaking,
only mounted infantry or dragoons—troops t hat have
somewhat unjustly been defined as those that fight
indifferently, either on horseback or. .on foot. 'ln
broken countries, such as we are called•upon to sot
In, these troops are exceedingly efficient, and could
not be dispensed with. It is to'be regretted that
more attention lias not been bestowed upon their
organization, armament, and instruction. .The ca,
valryef well-organized armies is generally about
one-fifth, or sometimes as-high as one•third of that
• of InfantrY. •
Artillery acts solely by Its fire, and can only be
employed on certain kinde,of ground. The - best pe
sition for It is just behind the crest of a hill that has
a slight inclination towards the enemy: •In that po.
Bitten it is protected from the fire of the enemy, and
covers by its fire all the ground on its front. It
should always act in masses, as its efficiency de•
panda entirely upon the quantity of its fire in a
given time. It should never be directed against the
enemy's skirmishers, but against his dense masses;
The practice of sending one or two guns with scent-
IDg parties Is generally uBelesB, and is a wanton ex
penditure of material. Artillery is an expensive
arm, one easily used up. It should be reserved ex
clusively for the day of battle. Artillery cannot
defend itself; it should always .have an infantry
force to ,protect it against the assaults of infantry
or.the charges of Cavalry. It is et two kinds, heavy
and light. The 'first is employed in the defence of
particular positions, In the reserve, and in sieges.
It is sometimes called artillery of position. The•se
cond is used with the troops in the field ; it is
divided into field and light' or flying artillery. In
the first, the cannoniers ride on the carriages ; in
the second a they are mounted on horseback. The
first acts with infantry, the second with cavalry.
With heavy artillery weight of the projectile and
accuracy of fire, as it is intended to overcome ma
terial resistance, are all important. Light artillery
being required to act and manoeuvre with troops in
the field, mobility and rapidity of firing are its
great essentials. Great improvements have taken
place in this arm within a few years, and the inien
tion of the rifled musket; and the introduction of the
rifled cannon, have created a revolution in the tac
tics of war. Both in its organization • and in its, in
struction this arm is much in advance of the other
two in our army. The propellion_ of artillery to
infantry, with the nature of the operation to be per
formed, and the quality of tho infantry : When
the Infantry is good, one gun to every thousand men
is the usual proportion. When the quality of the
infantry is bad, we should have three or five: guns
for. every thousand men. Raw troops are much en
couraged when they are protected by artillery fire,
or are greatly intimidated when they find them
selves exposed to its'effect.
The duty of the engineers consists in open* and
repairing made, in erecting field-works, construct
leg bridges, and conducting the mechanical part of ,
a' siege. It is alaimportant that they should be
well instructed in their duties. • •
AB the men constituting an army are required to
act as a unit, to march and to fight, it is necessary
that they be united into bodies both for manoeuvring
and for administration. These bodies will require
chiefs to govern, and to give • the Impulse in move
ment, in order to secure the effielent' action of the
whole. In most services the unit of manoeuvre is
the battalion, that of administration the regiment.
This last is' also employed* in nianceuvring. Batta
lions are• subdivided into companies, which is the
lowest organization either for manoeuvre or admi
nistration. The anion of •two or more battalions
constitutes a regiment, of two or more regiments a
brigade, three brigades a division, two or more - di.
visions an' army corps. Grand• armies consist of
several corps. -
The strengtt of the basis of this organization, the
battalion, has been determined by the" number. of
which can easily 'be overlooked by a
single person, and the limits of the strength of the
human voice. Its size should be such that the
words of command of its chief may be distinctly
heard from one end of the' line •to the other. Ex
perience has shown that this cannot be the case if
the front exceeds 250 men. As the troops are ha
bitually in our service drawn up into two lines, this
Would fix the strength of the battalion.at .600 men;
leat.ita the effective strength: of the battalion, when
engaged in active operations, is constantly liable to
"be dlminished - bylosses in battle, sickness,. and men
en detached aservice, it will be found necessary, in
order:to approximate to this strength, to fix the
organization at . about 800 Men. These are usually
arranged in eight
• ten companies. Regiments
usually' consist, of two complete battalions of
eight -or ten companies, and one _reserve battalion
of four companies., This last, in time of war, is
1864.
PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER ...16,, 1864.
stationed at the regimental depot, where the dis
abled and worn-out officers and men, who may
again'become fit for service, are sent for duty.
The recruits for the regiment are collected at the
same place, and, when sufficiently instructed, for
warded to the regiment In the field. It thus sub
serves two very important purposes : First, as a
school of .instruction for recruits, where they are
taught their duties by experienced officers, thus
enabling the Government to constantly , maintain
the regiments In an effective state. Second. It
places at tho disposal of the authorities an efficient
reserve, which may be employed in preserving,order
at. home, in repelling any unforeseen attack, or in
Artrongthening, when necessary, the active army.
The division constitutes a small army. Cairalry,
artillery, and engineers, are attached to it ; it is
complete in itself. Either for administration or
mime:line, it may be detached and act for itself.
Corps and armies are galy aggregates of divisions,
and are organized upon the same principle as the
division, which constitutes the real unit of army
otanization. In all services the regimental orga
nization is constant and fixed; in some, as in Prus
sia, the same principle is aPplied to brigades, divi
sions, and corps; in others, as in France, the latter
are only temporary organizations--thus one regi
ment may be serving at ono time in a brigade in
Italy, at another in Germany. • The first has the
adVantage, of maintaining in every grade a proper
esprit de corps ; the second enables you to conceal
from your enemy the strength of your forces. Snob,
in outline, is the basis •of infantry organizations In
the several European armies. They differ from
each other in minor details, and in the size
of the several units ; the principle of battalion'
and regimental organization, however, IS never , de
parted from., The importance of the raserio bat
talions will bo understood when it is remembered
that when Napoleon contemplated the overthrow of
the Spanish monarchy in 18C8, the first army of In
vasion was In the main organized - from these, and
when his grand army had melted away amidst the
snows of Russia, in 1612, it was through these and
his wellorganiz2d system of finance and recruiting
that he was enabled,to pour into Gerinany a host of
600,000 nien, which restoredohis ascendency by giv
ing him the immortal vlotories *of Lritzen and
Boutezer. . „ •
With the exception of the attempt made at. the
commencement of the war to- organize our regular
army into regiments , composed of several battalions,
we have not attempted the regimental organization.
Thanks, however, to the bad system of recruiting,
by which the rankrare crowded with persons unfit
for soldiers, these evils soon disappear—unforu.
rudely they soon dwindle into little more than mere
skeletons.
Wo Will not detain* our readers with accounts of
the organization of cavalry and artillery, simply
remarking that the unit of organization of thefirst
is the squadron of two compamies, and of the second
the battery, composed of four or six and sometimes
even of eight guns. /Each of these units will re.
quire chiefs, with the proper number of assistants,
for their government, in order to secure an efficient
and effective administration. Companies are com
manded by chiefs with the rank of captain, assisted
by two or More lieutenants ; battalions by officers
corresponding to the rank of major, assisted by a:
caPtain as adjutant ; regiments by colonels, assisted
by lieutenant colonels ; brigades by generals of bri•
gades, and divisions by generals of divisions,. In
Some services they have the grade 'of lieutenant
general for thp.command of army corps, and of
general or marshal to command armies. In others,
the corps is commanded by generals of division or
marshals. The 'first organization is, hoWover, to be ;
preferred. -The . command in each ease deierminei
the grade'of an officer, and officers do not pass nu!'
der the immediate command of those of their own
gride, except teniporarily,owing to the accidents of
the service... This system , has been - adopted by the
rebels, and we might imitate their 'example with
advantage to ourselves.
Neat in importance to organization is a good sys- k
tern Of . ..recruiting. Throughout Continental Ea
r* the principle has been adopted that military
service's a duty which every• individual owes to hte
country, but as all cannot serve without detaching
them from agricultural, meroantlle,and mannfactu- •
ring pursuits, thus impoverishing the State ' the
'principle of a tax, greater or less, in proporti on to
, .
the population, is adopted. Every young man, ni
matter what his position, not physically diequalitieq .
arriving at be ago of eighteen, is enrolled; and all'
are liable to be oalled on to serve, - The period for
-which they are required to servo -varies from three;
to twelve years. • In Prussia all are required to
serve for three years, when they pass for two years
more into thsfirst reserve; afterwards into thafinal
reserve. In other countries longer periods of ser
vice are required, but only a, part are called upon to
serve, generally only onAith or one -seventh of
those enrolled. •Writers on political economy con
, alder that not more than orie.twentioth of the:
population of a State can be diverted to mili
tary purposes without Injury to the State. Cir
cumstances will, however, modify this rule. The
rebels have nominally called all of their arms.bear
ing population into the field. This order, hoWever,
has never been in reality carried into effect. The
4 1 7 s ltiosx. in whlah theyare placed is , anomalotai.
"them, and the labor of the field is performed by
negrods. No State can long sustain such a draft.
They must soon, if they have' not already, exhaust
all of their resources. Such drafts must be tern
porary, and only resorted to in extreme cases. Our
system, if 'system it-may bo called, of large and
irregular calls, is bad. It defers to the last moment
the call ; no time is allowed for. the instruction of
the recruit;- the 'business of the country is inter
rupted ; hurried volunteering, with large bounties,
brings into the service many persons physically dis
qualified for the duty they will be required to per
- form. Hurried to the field, unaecustemed to the .
life they are required to lead, without instruction,
they soon servo to crowd the hoSpitals. -An army
nominally 100,000 strong has [not actually for dity
50,000 men. It would be much better to fix in ad
vance the number required, to raise these by instal
"Ments, to have the recruits sent to depots for in
struction, rejecting all that are unfit for the
service. The bounty system should be at once
abolished, as it only serves to crowd the army
with dishonest and inefficient soldiers. Their pre
sence leads our generale to undertake operations
. which the frightful depletion of the ranks soon com
pels them to abandon, or to persevere in after alt
hope of success has vanished. Hitherto recruits for
the negro regiments have generally been subjected
to a careful examination, consequently the mon ob
tained are physically.qualilled, though we fear, as
the bounty system is being extended to them, this
will not be the case hereafter..
..
The life of the soldier is one of privathin, toil, and
danger. He risks everytbing, abandons the joys of
ho - me for the honor and safety of his country. While
others are taking adtantage of the times to make
money, and are living in comfort and luxury; he has
to'expoee his life and health on the field, to, live on
the coarsest food. The few articles of necessity ho
buys he is charged enormous advances on the home
prices. As all are protected by him, as all enjoy
the benefits of his services, all should consent that
he should be well and amply paid. The wages of
the solldier should bo such as to attract first class
workmen to the service. At present the lowest erre
ployees In mercantile houses are better 'paid than
the soldier. Open to him the ehanee of promotion,
pay him liberally, let his 'prospect of adVaneement
be made to depend on his merits, make the mini
for it fixed and not liable to be interfered with by .
political and social influence; - do this, and yoti will
soon hive an army such as the world has never
seen ; an army that will trample out the rebellion
in a single campaign. A well-arranged system of
promotion is indispensable to the organization of an
.Honor, is the life-blood of an army. Unless
the grades are animated with the spirit of etude
tion, unless the soldier can look forirard to military
distinction as the reward of his toils and privations,
there is no spirit in the army; it will be inefficient,
mutinous and dissatisfied. There must be marked'
differences among the various grades of the military
hierachy. The, recruit, when he leaves his home,
should believe that, by merit, he may attain the
highest grade. All grades should be sacred
in his eye ; all should be the reward of
merit and service. Patience, fortitude, courage,
discipline, and obedience to the orders of his superi
ors are the reqUisites of the soldier. Experience,
coolness, knowledge, and a sense of honor that pre
- fere death to disgrace are indiepensable to the officer.
A soldier cannot be made in a day, nor an army
cleated in a year. History shows that all attempts
to improvise an army have failed ; Its annals aro
demonstrations( of the success of disciplined troops
over undisciplined masses. There •is not in history
a single instance of a really great-general who has
not received the benefits of military instruction and i
experience previous to commanding in chief. The 1
idea la prevalent amongst us that you can take a
man from toe bar, from the desk, or plough, and
intrust him with the command of an army. He may
have the title, but never can perform the duties.
The proof of this assertion is confirmed by the
writings, sayings, and acts' of 'all the world-re.
nowned generals ;. If further proof be required, It
may be found in the career of our own gene
'rah.: All that have made a name have
first served in anbordintrie 6eininandi, where
they in 20M0 measure iteiluired the knOwledge and
experience indispensable to their posit ion. The first'
and principal rule of promotion is that it should be
the reward of merit'and of service ; the merit should
be well defined, and determined by careful and im
partial examination. The service should be Marked •
and real. Once let political considerations have in
fluence in military rewards, and. you have sapped
the of the army, its rewards and honors
have ceased to have any, value in the eyes . of the
real soldier, his ainbition is destroyed. A soldier
.without ambition is like a man Withont a soul.
In every European army the principle of merit
and service is made the ground for promotion; that
.
Is to say, a part of the promotions are given as the re
sult of competitive examinations, extraordinary ser
vices, and a part to seniority. Every one is required
to serve a certain period in every grade' before he
can become a candidate for the next higher.. The
appointing authority has to make its appointinents
in accordance with the determination of 'examining
boards. These boards are always composed of ex
perienced and meritorious officers; and of grade's
superior to the candidates. In the highergrades of
the army the appointments are made by the War
Departmentfrom Heti carefully prepared by boards.
• Should the Emperor Napoleon venture to place a
mere civilian, or irregularly appOint a peison, to the
command of a regiment, the recipient would find
.:hisposition anything else than a bed of roses. It
would soon be found necessary for him to resign, or
to diesalve the reginient. No French officer would
'serve under him.. The same feeling exists to a
greater Or less extent in every European army. In
the -lower grades twoPromotionkare given to-se nt ority t,0, - ohe for merit. In the higher grades it
-greater portion is given to merit. By merit we
mean knowledge and devotion to 'duty—not the fa
vor of some political partisan. -
Military justice; being essential to preserve disci
pline,'should be strictly and- firmly administered.
It is all-important that oliences should be promptly
and firmly punished. Whatever may-be-the short
coming oi. the Legislature, In other respects, -the
want of laWkroviding the means •of punishing of
fences ,Wriet-be iaidtdthafr - charge: - "Xf the enact
ing ofhtW„ /4,:993. 1 1d secure thnobservantatof order, our
army woul d 'be one of the best-disciialued'in the
world. Law cannot be made - it must grow. The
necessity and want of law met be felt* before it is
enacted, otherwise it-is a dead letter.- Distipline
Must be a want, the:feeling of. military honor must
exist, before Yotrettin have a pro Pei 4ystem of milt
tary justice. The militiiry cede:Lilts classification
of crimes and offences, differs. as widely from
the civil as a. state of. war does from that of
peace. Many !of its penalties 'appear, at, first
sight, harsh andunjust, but its penalties haie been
the growth of 'time, and like those of the civil code,
have stood tholestsof. experienoe. We do not need
a change in Ou.rmilitary code ,so much as a atria,
administration, and a firm adherence to its require.
ments. 4'hp,obedionce or respect which is plid to a
superior le Sn obedience or respect paid to.,the
It does not belong to the individual but to the law,
arid is .'paid.to -him : as. the, exponent of the Jaw.
This our military. commanders are liable to :over
look, and tsmistake that which is given - to the posi
tion as being due to them personally. All that the
subordinates ask is that the chief be just and im
paltist.2 This :they have a right•• to demand,
and the War- Department should see that_it is
carried out. COngress enacted a law anthorizigg
the President to summarily dismiss ofticera where,
in his judgnfent, the military interests of the service
"would be subserved -by doing.- The intention of
this law was plainly to provide for certain extreme`
cases, or cases where, by 'Sethi 'technicality of laW,
the guilty party might escape the punishment ;Nib
hie offine4.9. -- Oong , ress . wlsety_deemed it. proper that
the serilde ahnuld 'net be enenmbered ofdiagracied
by such members; but in - tinipikwiiringli the (limn
mander-in'sch4f to discharge these porilit iince; it
did not intend that thisehould - b& the rule,lint the '
exception.'. Its intention nanifestlY. Was' that
case's, except extreme ones, should be sutiiiititid to
the ordinary tribimals. The practice, however, hail
been the - reverse ; arbitrary punishment is 'rapid
ly.bicoming the rule, trial the exception. Almost
every general in the field' assumes to Rot rip:in it,
subject, it is true, 5, to the approval of the'Presi
dent.” The law did not take away the sifticer , s pay,
but in Many cases generals haio' disinissed them
with leek of pay and allowances. Such orders
arc manifest ' violations of 'the law, which
contemplates that the President shall have
the NM'S • before him,. shall 'ditty "-consider
its miritst'and if in his judgment he debins it neces
sary, to inflict the extionielmidshment of dismissal._
The 'oustomitow prevailing is rapidly demoralizing
the army, and, if persisted in, .no honorable main ;
will' consent AO hold .a 'commission in ho army.
What do Wine from day to day? .Orders re issued
dismissing such and such officers—the Hit covering
pages-and . the same • order is a list peblished
counterimirsiing•diamissals, it appearing
_that the
itutheritykis misinformed. In some instances mon
have been.ilismissed for being absent Without leave,
who havirheen dead for months. In.tnany instances
the rAttoragon takes pile., withent'any reason being
given fort. The innocent are aliowed-to suffer;
the gniltA if they have influence, escape. Arbitrary
dlimiseal-has ceased to be a disgrace.
Another. act of Congress proildes that a general
aaart.mit*ial may sentence officers who have ab
tented thvaselyes from duty without leave, to be re - .
duced toi the ranks. The law is Caleulated to de
grade the, military profeision, and should be rei.
pealed. In no other country, except 'Russia, does
such a lace exist, and the the ; military sentiment is lower
in that country than in any other. Even •this, has
been almeed, and geniialii havebeenicnOsin to order
such punishment not In apeordance with-the sen
tence of a
.court-martial; but •upon their own dic
tum. 'Whenever any one to authority attempts to •
overitep the law he_ should be immediately Pun
ished.
There Is not the slightest necessity far such sum.
mary punishments.. Tribunals are•provided for the
punishment of minor offences. General c ourts-mar
till' haves juritidlotion-:in thoge of I graver °ham•
ter, and dises of general inefficiency can be reached
by militaiY boards, while offencos o of
.a civil nature
can be tried by military commissions.
The great length 'of this article will preclude us
from more, than•tonabing _upon some of the other
'pointa which we deem..as,improvements upon. our
system. Ist. Advantage nuty.he taken of the pre
sent reduced state. of the regiments to consolidate
them by. States into regiments consisting of the
service and the.depot battalion:, Let the generals
commanding the several departments, or armies in
the field, order boards, in every instancecommis
sioned officers nowise affected by the oases they
have to consider; to .determine the merits of the
officers in their several grades, and let the officers
retained beam% as are *thus determinedfthe surplus
officers to be discharged: Let the several States be -
districted, t ach distri ct be ‘ xenntr i e4s_ ,
EMIMil:a% as - at present, irid when volunteers are
not forthcoming draft the full complement of men.
The depot for`the regiment Should be established
within the district, and disabled mon and officers
who are now allowed furloughs should be sent there
to be nursed, or do such' duty as they are able to
perform. The reorpits assembled here can be In;
structed , and when sea:gently advanced forwarded
.
to the regiments.
2d. Make the position of the Meer honorable and
desirable-410 away with the system of arbitrary
dismissals; secure 'competency by rigid .examina
tions, taking into consideration the service of the
individual. Let the promotions be made in part by
'seniority, 'and in pait from lists prepared by boards
Of examination—these boards, in all oases, composed
of officers of grades superior to those which form
the lists. No private should bp made a non-com
missioned officer until he has passed an examine,
tion for appointment.: In every case regain) the
individual to serve three- months In active service,
or six monthsin garrison, before he can be presented
for examination. The non-commissioned offices
and privates may be presented for examination as
second lieutenants by a board appointed by the 60-
loriel, composed of ono captain and two first lieu
tenants, after they shall have served at least three
months bathe field or six in garrison, the appoint—
ments; to be — made in.accordance with the lists so
determined, provided also that- any private or non
commissioned officer who may be mentioned in orders
by the general commanding the brigade; may be
appointed a. second' lieutenant without examine-.
Aims. In order to prepare lista for promotion to
first lieutenants, let 'the board be composed of a.
major and - `two Captains, one or more of which •
should be of a different regiment. All of the second
lieutenants may compete before this board. In
making these promotions, two should be made by
seniority, and one in accordancejwith' the list pre
pared by: the board—the_ proceedings , of the board.
to be approved by the officer ordering it, or his suc
cessor. For the grade of captain, the 'board to be
appointed by the division commander, and nom
posed of field officersa not of •the same regiment as
the candidates, onehalf of the promotions by
seniority, one-hall in order of merit, as deter
mined , by the board—the promotiorui to: be made by
regiments. - For the grade of field officers, the board
should be composed of general officers, and - all the
promotions be made by' States, and 'ln ad.
ooidance with its decisions—its' proceedings' to
be approved by the corps commander. Brigadier
generals to be selected fronithe colonels or staff,
after due examination, by the President. Rules
should be established for the examination for the
several grades ; the subjects upon which the candi
'dates should be examined should -increase in nun
bar and difficulty according to the rank. Thus, for
Promotion to second lieutenant, rehding, writing,
arithmetic, and knowledge of tactics, to include the
school of the company. For first lieutenant, the
school of the battalion, the Articles of War, and the
Army Regulations, together. with outpost duty and
American history." For captains, the following sub
jects : Field fortifications, tactics, military admi
rilstration, military law, outlines of military history.
These are to be understood as .simply indicating
the scope of the examination. No one should be ap
pointed a general without having seertfield service,
and being therouglak.• conversant with• the art of
war in all its blanches. Raving secured the respec
tability of the officer pay him amply; but not extra
vagantly. The present pay, owing to the great ad
vance of the neceisaries of• life, is absurdly low ;
while the salaries in all other professions have more
than doubled, the pay of ihe officer remains what it
was previous to the war. Any one competent to
hold the position of an officer can obtain double the
amount of salary in civil life which he
. receives in
the army.
We will 'not detain our readers by attemping to
unfold a plan for the organization of the two other
important branches of the service-cavalry and- ar
tillery. Itiaeuffloient to remark that' the leading
principles which have been indicated above will,
with some slight and obvious modifications f be ap.
plicable to them: The objeot of all military organi
zations should be to unite solidity and mobility
in the imams ; knowledge and whip sense of honor
In the chiefs, honesty and competency in the
adminisfiation. Twe things should always be held
view by the Government : First. To advance real
merit whenever it may be found, and; second, to
reward long and faithful services. These were the
guiding principles of the great masters of the art:
In modern times—Frederick and Napoleon.. They
never cheapened their fevers by, bestowing them
hastily or for InadeqUate services. Never - degrade
your.honors by btstoyving them upon mere political
partisani ofciburt favorites:" Above all, the autho
rities should not destroy their value in the eyes of
the.recipients "by hasty dismissals
.or degrading
punishnients. The 'Catholic ChurCh, during its is
cendenal ,in the raiddle•_ages, never_administered
capital or degrading punishments upon its. priests.
The vilest • found . ' graity'bihis peers was-Snit de-.
prived of his holy office before being turned over
to the secular , arm for punishment. The officer
hould never, be arraigned before a , court mar
tial for other than purely military offences.
.If 'accused of corruption, or a violation of the,crimi-'
nal law, he shOuld in time of - peace be handed over
to the civil int horitles, and.in time of war be tried
by a military coiimlssion. .In all oases previous to
being punished he ahould - be deprived of his mill-•
tary appointment.
We shall not at present enter upon a discussion of
the 'organization or the' staff departments of our .
• - . .
army. The few remarks we have to make will ne
cessarily be of the most
.general nature. In 'our.
service .the stak includes the_ engineer, ordnance,
adjutant genera!" the quartermaster, coininissary,
medical, and pay dePartriente. • Their respective
duties are indicated by their several names. Having
bureaus at Washington, they have not lacked legia
.
laticn for their organization, but it L' to .herepetted
that they have generally loOkid only 'to the ad
vantages accruing to their several corps, Oil
overlooked • the line for 'which they exist ;
being engaged in active 'duties in _the fieldlhave
generally seen their interests as well as thine Of
the service subordlqated : tothe wistty interesteidtho.,
bureans at Washing* r These ,11epii„ittaiittiihaV.e.
generally been ofliolentiy, If not econointeillf
managed during the war. The transportation, mill
tary ;supplies, and the commissary in our army are
oqual, if not superior, to any in the world. TIM
medical attendance, the organization of the hospi
-tals, is far ahead of that of any other army. Those
that have seen the miserable arrangements of the,
rebel hospitals, their cruel neglect of their sickand
wounded, and contrast them with the comfortable .
and even luxurious arrangements of our establish- .
meats,' have reason to thank God that he has cast
their lot among a civilized and humarie people,
instead of among the semi-barbarlans of the
South. In one -branch—that of the General
Staff—we are almost entirely deficient.' Our
Adjutant General's Department ill supplies its
place. Those having anything'to do either with the
movement, or government of. our .armies feel its
want deeply. The staff is the brain of the army:
To thicharge its duties, long and special inetraction
.Is required.. None but thoreughly educated officers
should ever be admitted into its rinks:and even
these; before entering upon their duties, gachild
subjected to a. rigid examination. An army com
manded by a general of character, even if he lacks
knowledge, may, if be has an able chief of staff,
achieve great things. Much of the reputation of
the "bravest 'of the brave,” the impetuous Net,
depended on his energatic arm being guided by the
skill aids chief of stiff, Jomini: Blucher was only
a 'dashing cavalry officer, utterly incapable of go
verning or putting in motion an army of 50,000 men.
Even the great Napoleon, whom Joadni says was,
his own chief of staff, deeply felt, the want of hie
lifc-long military corepanionjleithier, during his -
last campaign. It• is, Perhaps, not asserting too
much to say that if he' had been aft _side to in-'
terpret and 'to transmit his ordera 'l.6 his InbOrdi;
nates;Waterloo would have had a different result,_
and the world's history -been 'different from Whit it
b.• I am; sir, your obedient'servant,
• , A GRADUATE Oa WiEIT
CAMP BEFOiIi s PiTERSBFRG, Nov. 8, /Sai.
GEL MILER IN NEW YORK,
A COMPLIMENTARY MEETING AT
FIFTH-AVENUE HOTEL.
SPEECH OF THE GENERAL.
Major General 8., F.' Btitler, with his . if and,
daughter, received; on 'Monday evening, at; the
Fifth-avenue Hotel, a compliniontaiy visit from a
very large assertible& of ihnoltiterth of Neiv York,
including many of the most eminent and honored,-
accompanied by a fair representation of beanty:and
fashion. The spacious parlors of the hotel were
thronged forhours by the brilliant'company, among
whom were Major Generals Dix, Van Vilet, Webb,
and others; besides -the , members of General But
ler's staff, ex-Mayor Opdyke,l3lorris Ketcham, Wm:
Cirtis Noyes, Rev. Measrs.,Ward Beecher, Bellows,
&a. At 10 . o'clock, James Wadsworth addressed
General.Butier on behalf of those present, expres
sing the gratitude of the law abiding citizens for
the signal service' rendered by his
. presence to the'
cause of order and peace, and - asking fain to favor
them with his views concerning our, national condi
tion and - prosperity, especially as affected by the re
sult of the recent election. '
The General then made an addreds, of which the
Herald gives.the annexed report; - •
MB. WADSWORTH, .LADLES AND GatirTLEHBH:
The citizens of • Now York have done me honor
over much.:Their kindness, extended in' every
form known to Christian courtesy, overwhelms
me. That I should be supposed to be able to add
anything 'to their sum of intelligence is a still
greater honor. That I .entertained -very distinct
views upon the subjects to which you have
adverted is most true. " Peace bath her vic
tories no less renowned than . War," and of all
the peaceful victories ever yet achieved in the
interests of human freedom 'that achieved• in the
peaceful quiet' which almost brooded over this
land. on the Bth of November is. the greatest.
But before we proceed for a, moment ,to look
upon its material results, let us look at its moral.
Is has taught all the world who shall look on—
and it is not now to be said that it is a vain boast
that the eyes of- all the world; are upon us—
that we are able in the stress and strain of a
civil war like this, yhioh has never been seen
before,. to carry on our institutions in peaceful quiet;
that we can change' or re-elect our rulers as we
weigh them in the balance, and find them either
meritorious or wanting, without so much of trouble,
disorder, riot, or commotion as pertain to a consta
ble election in a parish in England,' The moral then
is, that a Government embalmed in the hearts of
the people, - dependent on the inteWgence of the
people, is the • strongest Government on earth ,•
strong in the affections, stronger still in the arms of
the . people. We have heretofore been told that It
was necessary there should be either monarchy . or
despotism to wield bayonets, yet we. Bee bayonets
wielded by hundreds of thousands of us where other
GamrenereerutrractetemeereepAretheerwerive - ece , v , eek -1
people's will: The natural results are not less
striking. First, is the fact that all disputed
questions which have divided the country'are now
settled by an almost tmanimous verdict of the whole
people. Does any
.one complain that in the con
duct of military operations there should be the ar
rest of,a , traitor i That question has been argued
and settled and the verdict is guilty. Arran him"
if he is guilty. [Cheers ] Does any one complain
that the theory of the Constitution in relation to
arming the 'people in -defence of the country has
been carried out, which enrols all able-bodied men
to light in defence of their country's life and liber
ties, and drafting as many as are necessary 1 That
question has been settled, and hereafter it will be
more honorable to be drafted than to volunteer.
[Laughter.] Does anpone complain that the Go
vernment, in its wisdom, has organized troops irre
spective of color, and believes that the black man's
grave would fill as much space as if his color was
white when he falls in battle in defence of Ms Conn
try,s liberties'? That question has been settled, and
'has passed away forever, to be among the things
of the dead past. Does any one now claim, as was
claimed in 1860, that Abraham Lincoln is Presi
dent of a minority .orthe people of the Union 1
That question is now settled by an overwhelming
majority. [Cheers.] Let' us coneider a moment
the fact that if we count every rebel against him—
as they were — every rebel 'sympathizer
sympathizer against
Mm—as they were—lf we count every disloyal man
against him—as they were—yet, he is elected bye
majority second only. to that with which Jackson
swept the country in a season of financial peril.
These material results have been achieved. Now,
then, what is the duty of the Government in the
present future 1 War cannot last always. The his
tory of nations shows—the experience of the world
demonstrates—that war must come to an end. But
how 1 In what way 1 A war such as this,•prose
cuted for the purpose of breaking down the power of
those ' opposed to • the Government, and bringing
them under the supremacy of its laws, must baler. :
urinated either by reconciliation or subjugation.
In view, therefore, of the unanimity of the Ameri
• can people. in view of the strength, the majesty, the
might, of the nation, may it not be suggested that
now is the time to hold out to the deluded people of
the South the olive branch of peace, and say to them,
" Come back, come back, and - leave off feeding on
husks, and share with us the fat or the land, and
bygones shall be bygones, if bygones are, bygones,
and. In one country and with one law we-shall live
in peace hereafter." [Ctueers.] Are tvl3 not able to
. oder them this now Are we not strong' enough,
Do we. not - stand firmly, with unanimity of senti.
. meet enough to offer peace to all, if all mill submit
to the laws I There might have been some corn
'plaints I think-among a proud and chivalrous pea.
phi, that they would not desert their. leaders, by
taking adiantage of the amnesty proclamation of_
FresiGent Lincoln. But none when - we. come to
them and Bay, "Come back, and you shall find the
• laws the same, save so far' as they have been al
tered by the legislativerwisdom of the landboth
for- leaders and -followers.!' Can there be any
excuse for either if they rebelliously remain in con
tempt of the - authority of the Government) Are we'
not in a condition now, not taking counsel from our
fears or from our weakness, but of our strength and
magnanimity, 'again' to 'make offers ofpeace and
amity in the most beneficent terms, but for the last
time 1 By so doing shall we not, in the eyes of 'the
world, "have exhausted all the resources of states
manebip in an effort to restore peace to the coun
try 1" [Applause.] - Who shall hinder them - from
returning T And if they will not come back, who
' shell complain 1 Let us not permit the rebel, after
he has fought as long as ho can, and then, If he
chooses to come back, lotus state some time, perhaps
the Bth of Januarf—for the association will be as
good as any—for all to lay down their arms and sub
-mit to the laws, and; when that hour has pawed, to
every roan who shall scout the proffered amnesty of
a great and powerful nation, speaking in love, in
charity, in kindness. In hope of peace and quiet
forever to its rebellious eons, I say then let as
meet him or them with sharp, quick, decisive war,
which - shall bring the rebellion to an end forever
by the extinguishment of such men, wherever
'they may, be found. [Applause.] How Is. that to
be done 1 Blood and treasure have been poured'
out without stint or measure, until, • taking advan
tage of the supposed depletion of treasure, bad men
have banded together by epeculating in gold, which,
ought to be the circiulating medium, have raised
upon 'the price .of coals upon every poor man's
hearth, and the • price - of bread upon every poor
man's table. 'Let the Government take some mea
sure to stop this unholy traffic, and let it be under
stood that the policy of the Governmentjvill be
hereafter to pay no more bounties for the recruit
ment of soldiers from the taxes of the•loyal North ;
but, taking counsel from the Roman method of car-,
rying• on war, to say to our youngmen, " Look to the
fair fields of the sunny South; they have refused our
amnesty and offers of peace • they have turned away
the day-of grace.. Go down there in 'arms in sup
port of, the Government, extinguish , the rebellion,
and you shall have what you conquer, in a fair
division of the lands to each man to .1)&7' for his
miUtaly service,' We Will open new land offices
wherever our armies Mara, dividing the lands of
:the rebellious States among our soldiers, to be theirs
and their heirs forever." - [Applause.] • A harsh
measure, it maybe said. But is it not quite as just
as to ter ourselves, and thus raise the price of the
necessaries of life for the purpose or giving bounty
to and supporting the soldier in fighting those re
bellious men whom we have three times over
solemnly called to come and enjoy with as the
blessings Of 'our liberties and be friends; saying, in
1862, come in June ; in 1863, come in December ; -in
1E64, come by the Bth of January, 1866. When the
clock strikes the last knell of that parting day,
then all hope to' those who have not made pro
gress to return should be oat off forever and ever.-
No longer should they be permitted to live on
the land, or even within the boundaries of the
United. States. Let them go to Mexico, the
- islands of the sea, or some place that I care
not to name, because I know no land bad enough to
be cursed with their presence, but never to live here
~again. ,[oheerar rlook, therefore, with some con
' aiderable interest upon what I believe to be the pre
sent results- of this election. I believe, sir, first,
that we have Settled - toy it the war, by Settling the
question that the people are determined to carry on
the war to the.bitter end, unless we have submission
to the laws. I think it has always „been' claimed
thatwe should be strong enough after a great vic
tory to offer to the rebels new 'terms of peace. I
never expect to see in arms or in civil affairs a
greater victory than the one we have just achieved ;
and X think we are now strong enough to make .that
'offer with due retard to our interest, oar dignity,
and our honor as a nation. [Applause.] ` I 'take it
e th f at the the eenn m t o ry st'
wiu
squeamish ee
find that in truth .weave "'exhausted every.
wt of th all
us thwehenfriethnedys
•
resource' of statesmanship " in attempting to
obtain peace. by, an offer of amnesty and for
getfulnesa of the past, limited only by a sub
miselon to the laws. will then be ready to make
'ivar--ay, war to the hilt—and such war as should
be made to decide the fate of a great nation. There-
Tore, while asking pardon for trespassing toa_long
~y k O e l le pthge feret hek inl aa
upon os 'in tb w e a fte t tirl in es e e o f this wer otecewatout
FOUR CENTS.
enough to suggest, I lciok upon this victory as One
which has.decided the war—decided it, if not in. a
• military point of view, yet overwhelmingly as a.ci
vll victory, which, after all, decides the fate-of na
tions everywhere. To this It may be answered, and
to that answer I take leave for a moment' to call
your attention,,so that every.,onc..may work otitth.ct, .
• -prohlettiiii his own mind;lximih more clearly,ilian't
any suggestions of mine 'could do,-if weearrren'the •
-war with the strength and stringency which I have
suggested, how shall we ever liv.e in the same land
- with the men with whom We thus fight? -Let its go
to the teachings of history, and draw from the his
. tory of that land - which we were once proud to
own
,as the mother country. Every °onside:
rable estate in England, in the wars under
Cromwell; passed through. the courts or com
missioners of confiscation; every considerahie house
hold fought against every other considerahle house
hold ; the people fought against the.nobles, and the
nobles against the people. And yet, when the king
came to his own again, the nation came together,
cemented -In friendship, never to be thereafter
divided. Is there any difficulty, then, in looking at
the teachings ef,the li.nglo•Saxort, to know how to
live In quiet and peace, ay, in amity and friendship,
with those with whom we have been fighting? Is•
it not a well-known rtdo of social action, that those
with whom we have fought bitterly; after the fight
,over, are more ready than ever to be taken by the
hind 7 They are more endeared to us after a fair
fight, and we are more ready to respect both them
and their rights. Therefore, I see no difficalty in
every good man of the South and every good man of
- the North doming togetherto let bygones be by
gones. I have already said that I-desire the exttn
guishment, of the bad. men 'so far as thia coun
try is concerned. lam glad of this opportunity to
tender to the citizens of New, York, who have so
kindly come here this' evening , to do honor to the
Government which I represent, my most sincere
and heartfelt thanks for their loyal appreciation of
the efforts ofthe Government in their behalf, and
to say- to them collectively, in reply to the sugges
tion that the presence of the United States troops
here prevented all disorder, that far more did the in
fluence of every good man, all tending in ono direc
tion, aid - to prevent disorder ; and still further, the
solemnity of an occasion in which a nation's life was
weighed in the balance of .a nation's power, which
bad men seemed to feel, repelled tumult—added to
this that the wicked could find neither countenance
nor ,support fronaroany good man of any party. To
these we owe :the peace,of the city. again return
you my thanks.*AEam happy to bid you God speed
on the morrow, When I leave for the armies and ope
rations in the field... [Loud applause.]
Three cheers were yd*oposea for General Butler,
which were given with great enthusiasm, and were
thrice repeated.
The Pirate Florida.
THE IVACIIIIBP.TT AND NMI PRIZE IN HAMPTON
BbADB'=TIIj AND DER ornotEa.
The following account of the pirate :Florida is
given by a correspondent of the New York Times,.
writing from Fortress Monroe on Saturday last:
The pirate Florida, in company with her captor,'
the .W achusett, came into. Hampton Roads pester=
day evening. Oreourse, this bold and notorious
corsair did not'fall to attract an , unusual share of
attention from all parties at the Fortress, and long
before she came to an anchor the Baltimore pier was
densely crowded with spectators. She came up at
about the hour the maiaboats for Washington and
• Baltimore arrive, a oiroumstance which afforded the
passengers.= opportuaity of seeing the grand sight•
of the day. This morning, through the courtesy of
Admiral Porter, I .was granted permission to visit
the Florida and make such notes as I might deem
would be of public interest. It Is presumed that
-nearly every one 'able to read print is acquainted,
more or leas, with the history of this cruiser, and it
'is also fatale suppose that people know something of
herageneral appearance; but in this connection it
may not be out of place to give.a brief description
of. her appearance.. She is-a long, sharp-balla'dark
.colored,saucylooking craft, and sets - very low in the
water: She is a wooden vessel, and appears to be weir
coppered . Before her capture she carried three masts,
the mizzenmast having been well - att. , She is pro
vided with two smokestacka, which are so construct
ed as .to admit of their being placed in a horizontal
position:--..the one bending forward, the other back
ward. - This fact gave rise to an amusing incident,
which occurred not long ago. It seems that the mas
ter of some vessel that was chased by the pirate, ob
serving the aft smokestack lying close to the . deck,
became at once Impressed with the belief that it was
an immense gun, into the muzzle of which three or
dinary-sized men could enter simultaneously. He also
saw what he supposed to be a "sight," but which
proved to be 'only a steam-pipe so adjusted that one
end appeared a little above the breech of the smoke
stack. The captain, on reaching shore, related to his
friends the discovery ho had made. He was quite
chagrined at-being informed that thegigantic piece
of ordnance he bad seen was simply a' movable
smokestack. The Florida carries six six-Inch guns
and two seven-inch, also . one small howitzer.. The
heavy- guns are of English maisufactiare, the two
seVen.inch being . of the pattern known as -the
Blakely. • The guns were usually so placed on the
deck that three of them could:be brought into posi
tion at short notice at the stern, thus giving her the
'capacity of throwing • frolll that part of the ship a
mass of nietal weighing 222 pounds: Save the gans.
and necessary rigging little is to beseen aboYedecks.
The damage caused by her being struck by the Wa
ohusett is not extensive and can be easily repaired.
The lower portion of the bicak ie within four niches
of the copper A considerable portion of the timber'
extending from the mizzenmast aft .was displaced,
and at the point where the collision' took plade the
wood work was crushed in perhaps a foot and great
ly splintered. The injured part is covered with
canvas and • otherwise patched up. The officers
and 'crew of the pirate are said to have numbered
140, brit it is a mystery how they managed to stow
themselves away.• The berth deck is exceedingly
small, very low, and was when captured extreme
ly filthy. As the latter particular, however,
Lieut.. Commander L. A. Beardslee, to whom I am
Indebted for his kindness irshowings me through
the ship, stated that the filthy and unwholesome
condition it, was in when boarded, surpasses any
thing of the kind that he had ever before witnessed.
_sadist°. fir h as Essen toe result, MIT t re is
much more to be done in the same line. apt.
Beardslee was unnecessarily - solicitous •lest the
members of the _press should ~connect the dirty ap
pearance of the vessel with a lack of proper energy
on the part of the officers of the Waohusett to give
things a more favorable • aspect. The deck is very
black now, notwithstanding the innumerable sweep
ings and scrubbings it has received. It is alio mad,.
. out of i epair, the seams between the planks, In a
number of places, being so wide that in washing the
water makes a perfect shower-bath on the cabin deck..
For that 'reason the sailors cannot work in their
cleaning process with the same facility as they could
were the deck in a sound condition. The riggings
and some of the sail on the two remaining masts
were fitted by our own officers and men, tue sails
and ropes. which were found on them - having been
considered useless. The boilers are greatly in need
of repair, and the engines want a thorough over
hauling.
.The names of Faucett, Preston, '& Co.,
Liverpool, En g land,on a plate above the engine'rooni,
tell us where the machinery came from. At pre
sent it is not considered' safe to steam the Florida
over seven and a half knots an hour. On de
scending to the lower deck tile. visitor turns a
sharp corner to the left and walks into the cabin.
On the right of the staircase is the ward-room. The
cabin Is not fitted -up in that recherché style that I
expected to find; on the contrary, it is very plainly
furnished.. A large table In the middle of the apart
ment leaves little room for other articles of furni
ture. I did'not observe any chairs, the accommoda
tions for sitting consisting of a stationary bench ex-,
tending in a half circle round the cabin. This bench
is covered with enameled leather. Overhead are
several racks rilled-with maps and charte. Suspend
ed on the port side is a bookease,which is generously
supplied with miscellaneous literature,. although .
many of the volumes are old and defaced. Books,
papers/ and numerous small articles, whichhave
been taken at different times from prizes, are heap
ed
up promiscuously on a. sort or' shelf which the
formation of the vessel makes above the bench. In
one corner ie a safe which has not been opened. It
Is a matter of much curiosity, of course, to know
the contents, but according to the rules of the navy,
certain ,form and orders must be observed when
anything, under seat-, is to be examined. The
cabin wears by no eans an inviting aspect.
It is low-studded; dark, and sombre, and light
ed by candies. In a little room Communicat
ing with the cabin Is a bunk and berth, upon
which the pirate captain was wont to lie . and •
figure up in his evil mind the gains he had made in
his nefarious calling, and devise schemes for further
plundering. On board the Florida are four officers
captured with her. Eight others are on the Wa
.chusett. The four are dressed in the ordinary gray
tiniform a wlth the rank indicated on the shoulder
and sleeve. With one—Lieut. Floyd—l held a con
versation; and learned how surprised they all were
when they understood the-meaning of the knock in
the Stern. Field is a quiet-looking fellow, with lope
light hair, mild blue eyes, and speaks with a strong
Southern &mat. He has never been beyond Balta
more travelling North, and seemed to think that he
would now have an opportunity of getting as far as
Fort Warren. I remarked I thought he would. As
to the affair or** capture, he had an abiding faith
that Rama in violation of the' maritime laws of na
tions, and would be dulyresented by Brazil: He was
employed on the vessel in the capacity of draughts
man, and as a specimen of his work I was shown a
large chart, embracing the Atlantic coast in its en
tire length, upon which he had marked places where
captures -were made, or vessels burnt, by pasting
over the right latitude and longitdde a small square
slip of paper representing in colors the Floridaliring
her guns at a schooner in the distance, a ship wreath.-
ed in flames, a naval combat, and other devices of a
similar character. Among the documents found on
board, and forwarded to Washington, were the bonds
of the Southern Rights. and .the schooner Howard.
Other papers of great value to our Government
were seized: Judging from records the pirates were
fully informed of our naval movements.. The cha
racter, tonnage speed, and other particulars of
gunboats and ships and other vessels were 'carefully
noted in the - record book. The-Florida was poorly
provisioned, but had Capt. Collins postponed the ,
capture for a day or two, the rebels say he would
have come Into possession of a full supply of stores,.
including a goodly quantity of tine wines and
segars. •
Concerning the particulars of the capture nothing
can be written which has not already been made
public. It is uncertain how - long a time the Flo
rida will be detained here. It is understood she
will proceed to New York eventually: The follow
ing officers are on board : Lieut. commanding, -L.
Beardslee ; acting ensign, Charles J. Barclay;
second assistant engineer, M. Knapp:. master's
mate, Sohn Hethington ; quartermaster, Z. L. Kirk.
Deaths of Members of the 7th 'Penney'
vania Reserves at Andersonville.
(Correspondence of The Press.)
Cs_urasna, Pa., Nov. 14, 1864:
- I have been furnished, by Mr. Jacob HeSs, of our
county, a.member of Company H, 7th Regiment
Penna. Vol. Reserves, who was a prisoner in Stimp
ter prison, at Andersonville, Georgia, with the fol.
lowing list of deaths in the regiment up to the 12th
Of September, 1864, at which time he made his 'es.
cape while on their,removal to Florence, South Ca- -
rolina, and knowing that several companies from
Philadelphia formed a portion of this gallant band,
I send you the list for publication, as by -so doing
you may confer a favor on many who are now in sus
pense in regard to the fate of those who are dear to
them. I would also add that they were taken pri
soners at Spottsylvania, Va.,on the 6thlof bray last,
and marched to Orange ottrt 'House, thence 'to
Culpeper, and on the 7th to Lynchburg, on the 12th
or 13th to Danville, Va., from which place they were
taken on the 21st or 22d of May to Andersonville,
Georgia, in which place, were I to tell their suffer
ings, as related by Mr. Hess - and other escaped pri-.,
sonars, I would only repeat facts already
in your paper at different times :
Company A—Van Buren Eby, died • Jay'
1864 ; Edward Walker, July 27th ; pain* B ran ..
nen, August 22d ; Frederick Rife, August 24; CI. Je
remiah, Augost 26. .
. Company B—Elias Rice, died September 2,1864.
Company C—W. Wyke, died July 22, 1864 ; John .
Mellinger, August 31.
Company E—J. Dougherty, died July 27, 1864
Jas. Steelman, July 24.
company F—J. • Steele, died 'June: 18, -1861;
Owens, July 28 ; B. Martin, August 1 ; A. Smith,
Sept. 4. •
' Company G—John Steiner, died August 1,1861 ;
J. Ferren, Angtiat 18; B. Hobson, Sept. 1.
Company 11—J. Chapman, diect.Tune 18,18641
Nestor, July 18 ; T, Atches July 22-s P .Hoove r,
Sept. 2. I • ir
Company I—M. Daily, -died August 3, - 1864 ; T.
'Ford, Angtist 24. • •
Company ICP. Ledbeiter, July '2O, 1864 ;- - W.
Wilson, August 7 ;•C. M. Giggin, August 251 C.
auyler, Sept. 4, • J. W. E.
Is°
• Wilkie
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'1
. The A rehbishogolf NOW Torre.
A. REOlizerion BAN Qt r ET—IiPprobR OF THY AMOK.
BIBROP.
.ttreceptien banquet
o W,igBl44l ;rk t4 on t bliteo re
nd ert ay " time r— -
appointed Archbishop f
New Y
oftirinitt., at Delinordae's. 'I'M:I-host wa s ea r .
"I , o , Coner." Seyeral represen .Ba t i l l,f x
ve7pof foniewignxer:vegeyO-...„
era, thriHight'lre
Bennett,•of Herald,FatheehleNierny, the Arch,
bishop , s secretary, guepte, ,and, africutenne nun.
dred of the Catholic laity residlig.in that city or
its immediate viCinity, constituted - the 'company.
At the close of the repast the - host, in proposing
toast, made a id* remarks:eomplithentary to the
Archbishop, to which the latter thus replied: ,
• I have no words hi which to give any adequate
- expression of thanks' for the complimentary terms
in which my name bee been presented to you by.our. ,
Most worthy and respected host, and for the kind.
:`and flattering mantle? In which you,. gentlemen. .
have been pleased to receive it; Although I am cost
seiousethat for myself, personally, I am bound to die
. elitim all title to the high compliment which has •
been paid me still I am permitted to accept it, and..
I do very cordially accept• it, both as a compliment
; and . honor shown , not to the individual, butte
the sacred character and dignity of the office which
he unworthily.holds. I.accept it besides, and with ,
special gratification, in the further sense and spirit
in which I- conceive it to have been intended—that
is, as a tribute of reverentialgratitude and of loyal
respect and obedience to the Holy. See ; as a token
of filial regard and affection - towards our common
father, of whose enlightened wisdom in the go
; vernment of the universal Chinch, as well as pater
nal dire and solicitude; for, this Tar-distant, yet ever
faithful, portion of his Hook, such graceful and ap- .
proprfate acknowledgment has been made, and to
whose good will and pleasure, In the order of Divine .
Providence, not to any merit of my own, 1 must
attribute the preferment which has been bestowed. -
upon me. .How sacred and important is the trust,
how. manifold and grave the responsibilities whiede
that preferment imposes, no one can know and feet
more deeply than myself. It were enough to say -
that L have-been called to succeed that Illustrious
prelate to whose memory such an affectionate •
tribute has just now been paid, to be made fully,
even painfully, conscious of ' the magnitude of
the task which - is set befere• me ; enough -A*
remember that I lave become the -successor
of Archbishop Hughes, the first, and, as: fa
-tura' hiatory will doubtlessrecord, the greatest
Archbishop - of New York; eno ugh to remember this
in order to.be convinced not only how far short L.
'must fall of the measure of his goodness, but also of
the great disproportidn there-exists between the
weight of the uurden imposed and the strength of
the shoulders by which it must, be carried. I am
made still more sensible of this. by another conside-.
ration, ,wbich has also been alluded, to—the vast pa.
pulation of this great city,' in - which is fixed the
.Archiepiscopal See; thowide spread' extent -anti
force of its' influence, not only in I
a social, but,
'may add, , in a moral. and religious point of view. --
It is true to say. that there is hardly a single •
throb of true_
mighty heart of this metropolis whioh
is not felt in. greater or . less. degree to , the
farthest extremity of the vast social body of which
it forms the' important. centre: Hence it may be
_ further steserted• that whatever,
,either _favorably
or unfavorably, affects our Catholic or religious
interests here is likely to affect them favorably or
unfavorably throughout the length and breadth or •
.• the 'land'; and in this view, gentlemen, not only
does a great responsibility rest on me, but oneyou
also. You are sharers. therein, for who . can
doubt the great- power for good that can be
exerted; if only you 'lee ,so minded, ,by, the
earnest and united efforts of, men like you, holding
your rank and position in 'this community? When
. I cast my . eyes around me, what do I behold 1:
behold here gentlemen not only of Carious pro
fessione and pursuits, tint 'who in those professions
and pursuits have acquired just distinction and sue
• cess.l - Eee 'my - side distinguished naval coMs
meders from abroad, honored guests on this mica- .
ohm. I see, too, brave , officers' or our, own navy and.
army. .1 ace accomplished diplomatists, high offi
cials, learned judges, eminent lawyers, celebrated.
physicians, accomplished lt-Iteraleurs, intelligent:alas
prosperous merchants: I see all these, too, of na
tionalities -as various as 'their professions and.
pursuits. I see_ them from France and Italy,
from Germany and Spain, from England, Ire
land, and Scotland. Here are a numerous
corps of native-born " citizens of the United.
States, • some of them descended from the very
earliest settlers upon this - continent. There are
hare Catholics born in North America, Catholics
born in South America, Catholics born in Europe;
even Asia is not without her representative. Nor
are the lesser isles of the ocean out of view. !listed*
Malta is represented. •I beheld all these varieties of •
professions and pursuits, all the se diversities of coun
try and of tongue, all these differences—even antago
nisms,. if you will—of national, social, political tra
..ditions and prejudices happily blended and.harmo
. Bernd in the beautiful unity of one common faith—of
- a faith under whose genial influences we feel oar •
:pleasant social' intercourse become elevated and.
warmed into a kindlier. fellowship, assuming even ;
the more hallowed elevation of an almost sacred,
friendship andaffection. This is assuredly a cheer
lig, a delig.htful spectacle. It was a happy thought.
a truly noble and catholic idea—worthy of the head
and heart of him who has conceived it, that of thus- -
bringing us here. together this evening—of thus
giving to one of the grandest attributes of our faith
this' 'visible embodiment, this living expression... .
We all are thankful for it; we all feel honored by it. •
For my own part, 1 cannot sufficiently express my
sense of gratification for 'this grateful opportunity
of. meeting E 0 many whom I may greet not only as
acquaintances but as friends. With most of you It ,
has been my pleasure, to meet many and many a
time before ; with Eonae others; but' seldoni ; with a.
few, for the first. time ;- but whether it may-have
been often or 'seldom, or for the first time, I trust
that 'amlet' us now meet for the last time.
• He then retired, but the entertainment continued. -
and speeches were made by James T. Brady, Esq.,
and ,others..
slice the iollowingoseful hints upon this subject, •
which 'are confirmed by every one's experience who
linderttands the philosophy of coal fires :
••‘A. good bright fire can be' steadily maintained
with coal; with lees trouble than with any other
kind of fuel, but not by raking, poking and .piling
in green fuel continually. After breakfast the fire
ehould be cleared of ashes, if there are any, and
fresh fuelput on to fill the grate moderately. Let
the oven damper be turned up, so as to heat it, and
leave the small top door open, more or less, accord
ing to the intensity of the heat required. In this
way air enters over the top of the fire, and.
maintains a far better combustion and consequent
ly greater heat than when the draft damp
ers are-thrown open. A washing can be done •or
'ironing accomplished with one-third less coal than
.is generally thought necessary to • use.• So far as •
sitting ashes for the cinders they contain is concern
ed, it is hopeless to expectmuch change. Hundredit
of poor families in cities live off of the waste of their
improvident neighbors, and in this way there - is
something used which would otherwise be lost; but_
ItSeems to us that charity should be practiced in a
different and more positivemanner. If the proverb
be true that charity begins at home,' then we have
a still stronger argument againstthe wasteful prao
tiee. Cinders wililmirn admirably in small cylinder
stoves, and heat a nursery or a laundry as hot as it
should be. Every shovel full saved is a shovel fall
of coal put in the cellar, and a hint to the wise IS
enough on this point' , •
Tll3 Rear. Pati,SICLAN.—We alluded a. few days
ago to a blind man by the name of Carnes, a grade
ate of the Ohio-Institute for the Blind, who is pos
sessed of rare musical power. Since then he hen
met a few gentlemen.of Beaton in a private way
who were delighted with the exhibition of his sin
gular musical skill. His songs showed a compass of
voice beyond that of any man in the knourn world, viz :
five octaves! He reached the third low 0 on -the
base clef—i. 0., two octavos below the second space,
• and ran up to the highest tenor.notes with ease. lie
appeared to have a complete knowledge of the
science of•music, and sang some of the the best se- •
lections from the operas, as well as many of our
most popular songs. He played the cornet with
'skill and taste with one hand, and accompanied
himself on the piano with the other. Some of his
pieces Were enthnelastically• applauded. - At the
close of this entertainment Mr. Cameo exhibited.
three steam engines on a platform, measuring about
Bby 4 inches , viz : one horizontal, one beam and
'one an oscillating engine (the cylinder•of the tatter
was only about 1.16 th of an inch'in diameter), all of •
'which worked in conjunction. Mr-Carnes became
entirely blind at two years of age; Within a leer
years past he has made these machines with his own
hands, and without eyes !
HgArrrLisS ROBBERY OF AN ORPHAN.—On SR— '
turday evening last a genteel young girl was found_ •
on the Steps of the Presbyterian Church, Four-and
a-half street, Washington, in great distress. She
was taken to the Seventreprecinct station-house,.
where, after much coaxing, she said that her name
was Clara Sherman ; that she was from Boston, and
had lived there as a member of the family of a Mr.
Clarke; but, he removing to Washington, she at
first preferred to remain in Boston ; bat afterwards,
on an invitation from Mr. Clarke; came to Wash
ington to again live in his family. He was to meet
her on her arrival in the early train, bat owing to
railroad disarrahgements -she did not arrive until
late in the day, and. no one was there to welcome
her. To add to her troubles, some heartless scamp
had abstracted her pooket-book, containing a small'
amount of money, and the-.checks for her trunks,
and when she made her loss known the chocks had. -
been used and her baggage taken away: One of the
officers took her to his home until her friends can be
heard from.
A. WATCH WITH ons*Wnran.—A watchmaker in
San Francisco, named Otto' Walden* has suc
ceeded. in producing a most ingenious piece of me- •
chanism.• He has Invented and manufactured a
watch that has only one wheel. This wheel, a
mainspring;and a very little other machinery, is so
arranged 'that the watch,- when sot-going, winds -{
itself up, and it will run two years. It would run
forever, if the material would hold out, but the in
genious inventor says it Is necessary to take it apart .
once in about two years for the purpose of cleaning_ ,
and repairing the worn Parts. It is certainly a very •
ingenious, yet a-very simple and successful piece of
work. Mr. Weiderow is also the inventor of a new
sort of clock, with engine movement, the pendulum.
of which is on top, and works like the walking beam
of a steim-boat. One of these' ingenious and elm-
ple clocks, with silver dial gold -plated, and gold
hands, has been manufactured for exhibition at the-
Mechanics' Fair, in that city.
A Rstrincin ,or Bosr6{,Rfrroarrats.—On Satur-.
day evening lalitthe reporters of Boston held their
" semi-annual reunion:" It was proved to be an agree
able relaxation and enjoyment after the arduous la
bors of the political campaign, 'mingled with' sad
recollections. A review. of the record of the past
four years showed that three of their number, 'as of
ficers of various grades, had given up their lives on
the battlefield, two others had died from diseases.-
contracted as war correspondents, two had died at
' home, two were serving in the navy as paymasters, _
three others, or more, had served in the army, sove••
ral were now in service as war correspondents,
and a number more had been. Lieut. Col. Hutch...
Ins, of the New Hampshire cavalry, nearly reco
vered from disabilities in service, who was' present;,; •_•
is about to return to his regiment. Another, also
present, has recently been elected treasurer
Worcester county, and a number are editors of pa...
pers, or are engaged in other business in different
portions of the country.
DESTRUCTION Or Hum.A.N Liss BT Tionna.—ln
singapore the average mortality caused by tigers
has for a long time been calculated, at one man { sa
day. The local government have recently made
great efforts to drive away these destructive ani
mals. Convicts have been specially employed, to.
hunt them down, and the reward. offered for their' -
, destruction has been contrlderably•increased.
measures have, to a. certain extent,. proved anceamilli.
but that they have not been altogether. so is
Shown by a statement in a late number of the Straits -
`:Times.'ln a little more than a fortnight, in' the
:month of Augustlast, five men had been killed by
tigers, and these were not merely . eoniectural oases,
but cases in which the evidence Of the cause or
, death was indispitable.
MRS. ' DAVIS AND' TirrtB.-limooLN.--in overhaul
lug the cargo of the blockaderunner Hope, at Lewis
wharf, Boston, a. few days ago, a large box was
{ found directed "Mrs. Jefferseli Davis.”. On open
{• log the box it was found to contain silk, dress pat-.
erns, dry goods or different kinds, toys. hosiery,
and a variety of articles beloriging,to.a ladrsward
, rcbe. It is stated that there is some talk of forward
ing the box and contents to Mrs. Abraham. Lincoln.
SoLDIRMV .8011103 ..E.Z.U11114:D.-WOrktilen, whim
engaged digging a cellar on Winter Hill, near Bos
ton, a few days since. exhumed•the.remains of five
{ Revolutionary soldiers, identified - by colonial but
,.tons found with the remains. 'Winter Hil was
fortified:point during the siege of -Boston, and the
:emains are-probably those• of soldiers garrisoned- -
, here.
THE DRAPT to make 'up deflcieneieS in the edit
listricts of the Second and Third Congressional die
riots of Maryland was enforced on SaturdaY Witte
t ' '