gCHiI PRESS, PUBLISHED DAILY (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED), i BY JOHN W.FOKJfET, OFFICE, No. 11l SOUfH FOURTH STREET. 1311! JIAIXT PRESS, flfomt Ob,t* Pik Wei as, payable to toe Carrier; malted to Smbmrlbore oat of the city at Sr.vnx Dollabs Paa aksob; Trass Bomabs abu Fiftt Ousts for But Mosths; Oss Born a ahd SsyEHTT-riys Cesto fob IS iss Morras, larartabty ta adyaaco for tie time or dered. • «S> Adyertlumeata Inserted at the nenal rater. Six line, eoaetttcta a aanre. c UTE TBI-VEEKIiT PRESS, Mailed to Sttbwribera oat of tbe city at ions Doilass E«»rA»saM la r.dranco. ■ , GENTS’ FPMISjttTO COOPS... ABOH STBEBT. ' 825 * BMIM.O'TAL. G A. HOFFMAN, lIRST PREMIUM SHIRT AND WRAPPER MANUFACTORY, AND GENTLEMEN'S FUBNISHING-VEMPORIUM, BEMOVBD FROM 000 ARCH STREET. TO THE NEW STORE, 825 AROH STREET. jelOfrsmwSm r£HB IMPROVED PATTERN SHIRT. warranted to fit AND GIVE satisfaction. MADE BY JOHN C. ARRISON, ■' KOS, 1 and 8 NORTH SIXTH STREET, MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN IiINTLEMEN’S IKE BURNISHING GOODS. CONSTANTLY ON HAND, LINEN, MUSLIN, and FLANNEL SHIRTS and DRAWERS, COLLARS, STOCKS, TRAVELLING SHIRTS, TIES. WRAPPERS, So., Ac.. OF HIS OWN MANUFACTURE. . ALSO, Ht?S »ES, SCARFS. SUSPENDERS, HANDKERCHIEFS, : SHOULDER BRACES,:SC., So. Sold at reasonable prices. gPRING AND SUMMER. ENTIRE NEW STOCK JJNDEBCLOTHING. THE LATEST NOVELTIES IN GENTLEMEN’S FURNISHING GOODS. McESimE & BBOTHIS, (SUCCESSOR TO HILL A EVANS,) 1035 OHES TNUT ST R E IT. The “Model Shoulder-Seam Shirt.” ttyl-wfmlm : ' . Q.EOBQB GRANT, No, 010 CHESTNUT STREET. Has now ready i LARGE AND COMPUTE STOCK OF GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, OS Mb own importation and manufacture. His celebrated' ’"‘PRIZE MEDAL SHIRTS,’’ Manufactured of ’ KFormeriy ofOldenberg&Taggert,) Ami fcbe most perfect-fitting Stores of toe age. 49** Orders promptly attended to. jal3-WfmBm Q.RAY’B PATENT MOLDED COLLARS Hits now been before the public for nearly a year. SUfty are universally pronounced the neatest and beet- Ittln* collars extant. The upper edge presents a perfect carve, free from the angles noticed in all other collars. The cravat causes no packers on the Inside of the tarn down collar—they are AS SMOOTH INSIDE AS OUT SIBE-and therefore perfectly free and easy to the neck, i' ,sh» Garotte Collar has a smooth, and evenly-finished ei-o oaBOTH SIDES.- »V 'Tessa Collars ars not simply fiat pieces of paper eat tn the form of a collar, bat are MOULDED AND SHAPED TO FIT THE NECK. - ‘fhey aremade In "Novelty” (or tnru-down style.) ' ' l|- every half size from 12 to 17 Inches, and in." Bn ■, Kka" (or Garotte,) from IS tbl7 l inches, and packed In r “r»IId sizes, ” in neat bine cartoons, containglOOeaoh: tleo, in smaller ones of 10 each— the latter avery handy |*skage for Travellers, Army and Navy Offleers. . *#» EVERY COLLAR-is stamped . "GEAY’S PATENT MOLDED OOLEAE.” jSold by all dealers In Men’s Tarnishing Goods. The Trade supplied by VAN DU&EN, BOEHMER, & CO.,' 1 spotters and Wholesale Dealers ia Men’B Famishing Goods, 637 CHESTNUT Street, jmhaJ-wfmSm FMladelpMa. •?INE BHIRT MANUFACTORY. X- The subscribers would invito attention, to their IMPROYEO CUT OF SHIhTS, they make a specialty la their business, Also, instantly receiving „ ■ NOVELTIES FOB GENTLEMENS WEAR. J. W. SCOTT & CO., GEITLEMN’! ™| ? mO STOR| Tii / Jel7*lf .Four doors below the Continental. [ISSION TffiOSJSES. jjpHE ATTENTION OP THE TRADE tt> called to j OUB STOCK OF BAXOHY 'WOOLKH GO, all-wool Plain Flannel*. fWIIrI/BI) FBAKSEBS, . yarlons makes In Gray, Scarlet, and Darkßloe. FEINTED SHIFTING FLANNELS. PI.AIH GESBA FIAHNEES. BLACK COTTOK WAEP CBOTHS, i ; . is, is, i 7, is, is, so, a, 22 o*. fiCTCY CASSIHBBES AND SATIKETTS. juBHOEAL SKIETS, all Grades., taOTTOS GOODS, DENIMS, TICKS, STKIPES, BHIET- \ XUGB, fito. j from various Mills. | m C9BISM, MILTON, & EVANS, 33 XiKTMIA Street, and 38 South FKOHT, Street, fsTf-Wsmtsaß gHirilEY, HAZARD & HUTCHINSON, ) Ho, 11» CHESTHOT STREET. 1 COMMISSION MBKOiiANTS, \ ' JOB THE BAIB OF , BYli-b'm3 FHILABEIiPHIA-MADB POOPS. r f* MISB M. A. IJAKBKj No. IM6CHESTNUT STBEET, i s ™°mf£vßimst eaior For the Spring &p>3 Smnraer of 1861 fcpl4-Sm* DRUGS. Robert shoemaker & co., K. E. Oornsr of FOTJETH and EAOE Streets, PHILADELPHIA, WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS. liITOETBEB AUD DEALERS IN ; fOBBIGH AND DOMESTIC] WINDOW AND PLATE GLASS. ajusorAOTnasKß or WHITE LEAD AND ZINC PAINTS, PDTTT, lo-8m . .. ■ - . . i -■ ni o t Else, SPRING* OF 1864. EXTENSIVE CLOTHING HOUSE, SfOfi. 308 and 805 CHESTNUT ; STREET, PHILADELPHIA, B • § H Hi P • O § Tie facilities of tile ionao for dolor business w ire such that tie/ can eoaffdontlT-elalia for It y D tie leadlns position amon* die Tailorini It- {§ § tailSsimentsofFilladelpMa. Tiey, tierefore, £ °* ' ' —nu- jj n Invito-tie attention of xentlemeu of taste to 3 “g fclieir snperfc stock ox I READI-MADE CLOTHING, “ p cat ir tie "best artists, trimmed and made enaal w §to Customer Work—AND AT S § 3POS*"CJXaA.K jpkictes. H H H 0 y}|Ay hutfl alao lately added a CUSTOM D - H O FURTHEST. -wlisie the latest BOTaltlej jaw tM 9 £ found, tmfemliur ioat ftom London *nd m F«ri«. ... § fi - » g B H : § M ' '' ' - PEKKY So CO., W 8 aad 805 CHESTNUT STREET. CUSTOM DEPARTMENT, 803 GHESTNUT STREET. RARER DMOTGS. T ARGE ASSORTMENT OB’ PAPER ■LI. HANGINGS. T. J. COOKE, ‘ WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ■ JPAJP33K 3XAJVCS-I2VOS, - No. 60S ARCH Street, Second Door above SIXTH, South Side. . The attention of the Public Is invited to his LARGE AND VARIED ASSORTMENT OP PAPER HANGINGS. Embracing all qualities, from S2K DENTS TO THE FINEST GOLD AND VELVET DECORATIONS. Also, an entirely new article of GOLD AND SILK PAPERS, myl-smwtf jpbt bbobivep. BTATIOSERT & BLANK. BOOKS. IMPORTANT TO NEW COMPANIES. •X. .■ * We have the patterns, aud are prepared to furnish, at ihort notice, all the - ; . _ BLA2YKS AND ACCOUNT BOOKS, SUCH AS •' CERTIFICATES OF STOCK, TRANSFER BOOK. ORDER OF TRANSFER, , STOCK LEDGER, STOCK LEDGER BALANCES, REGISTER OF CAPITAL STOCK, DIVIDEND BOOK, ~ BROKER’S PETTI LEDGER, ..... ' ACCOUNT OF. BALES, . 01 good materials and at Low Prices. MOSS & CO., STATIONERS, *33 CHESTNUT STREET. MEW COMPANIES FORMING CAN be supplied with CERTIFICATES OF STOCK, TRANSFER BOOKS. STOCK LEDGERS. CHECKS, ifOTES, DKAETB, And every variety of Account Books and Stationery, oa reasonable terms, at -v -’ ; • ‘ "WILLIAM MAIN'S, Stationer# Printer, and Blank Book Manufacturer, 43 South FOURTH Street, FWladelphia. plank books and stationery. jD banks.'Bankers, merchants, manofao- TOKENS, RAILROAD COMPANIES, ito., Will-gad it to their interest to order from the under' ■nw BOOKS, PAPER, AND STATIONERY, ill kinds fox Business, Professional, and Private Use, *» sale at moderate Stattoaor, Mater.’*ad Philadelphia. ROOKING GLASSES. . JAMES S. EARLE £ 'I shall not undertake to show how such action af fects the nation and indivicluals—thb poor espe cially. :It Is too well understood by everybody. 1 believe that every man who is deliberately on*r gaged in attempting to raise the price of gold above its real value is worse than a rohol ; ho is a traitor, and as such should bo severolydealfc with by tho mili tary authority. : It may be said that it would bo im practicable. Thonsond for Gen. Butler, and see how long it would be • impracticable to interfere with un principled traitors in their efforts to assist the rebels, and to oppress tho poor man. , ,' Tho spirit of our laws does not intotfore with ordi nary nrid honest business, but ft does and should in terdict such outrageous wickedness as those gold speculators are guilty of. _ X B, I), g, home on a Furlough.— -This is tbo name of au engraving, by J ohn Sartain,now being published by Bradley & Co., of this city, from an original painting by C. Schuesetc. It tells its own story, and might oven be called dramatic, so plainly and spiritediy-is that story told. It will havo an immense sale, for Us subject 5. Second and Third-streets Pass. K.B. Co-. April .10, IS>B. -Forth Branch. Pass. K; K. C 0..... April 10,1355. K. C0...........April 13, 1858. Girard College Passenger R. li. C0......April 15,1853. Fairinount and Areh-ats. Pass. R, R. Co. April 16,1853. Green and Coates-sts. Pass. R. R. 00. ...April 21, 18»8. Germantown Passenger JR. R- Co -.April 21, 185 S; Forth Philadelphia Pass. R. R. C0......April , 2f), ISSB. Philadelphia City Pass. It. R. Co March 26,1859. Richmond and Schuylkill Pass. R. R.Co.March 26 1559. Ridge-avenue and Manaynuk P.R.K:Co.March2B,2SS9. Philadelphia and Oiney R. R. C0..-.....April 21 y 1539. Hestonville, Mantua, and Fairmount P. R. R. C 0...... April SvlSaO. Thirteenth and R. R. tCo April 3, ,1559. Seventeenth and Nineteenth, streets P.R. R. C 0......... V.; .April 12, IS-59. Lombard and Sonth-sts. Pass. R. R. Co-. May 16, IS6I. Navy lard, Broad-street, and Fairmonnt b/b. C0......~..........v.May 16,1961. Franiford and Philadelphia R. R. Co. of the City of miade1phta................ April 10,1862. The result of these twenty-three charters was to give to these corporations the exclusive right or monopoly of constructing railroads upon the greater part of the principal streets of the city; and, by an act passed at the last session of the Legislature, the Union Passenger Railroad Company was incor porated, with authority to construct such railroads upon more than thirty streets therein named, in cluding Seventh and Ninth streets, None of these charters of incorporation contain any provisions regulating tho rates of fare, the ; only provisions bearing indirectly upon this subject being tho*e im-- posing & tax upon all dividends exceeding a certain rate,' There ean be no question of tho rightof those com. panics to regulate, each for Itself, its rate of faro; If one company advertises that It will raise its-rates, it runs the risk of tho line being morcor less forsa ken in favor of another, though perhaps'a less con venient line, which retains its old rate;■ and this competition, which is often called the soul of trade, is beneficial to the community. But when tho com panies combine; the community is left no choice— there is no competition, and the people must eitfier walk or pay the increased rate upon every line.' ' Is sucUacombinationunlawfun With the excep tion of the case incorrectly known as-The, Tub-wo men vs. The Browers of London, reported 1 Levins; 135, and 1 Keble, 650,. 855, 675,; 682, whose correct name is The King vs. Alderman Stirling and others, the earliest case on this subject is Tho King vs. The Journeymen Tailors of Cambridge, decided in 1721, 8 Modern 10, in-which certain journeymen tailors, were indicted for a conspiracy among themselves to raise their wages, and, being found guilty, itwas ' moved in arresbof judgment that no crime appear ed upon the faoo of -the indictMe'ht, "'which only charged them with the conspiracy and' refusal to work at so much-per diem. But the court held that it was not for the denial to work, but for the conspi racy, that the defendants wore indicted, “anda conspiracy,” it was said, "of any kind is illegal; though the matter about which they conspired might have been lawful for them or any of them to do, iftliey had not conspired to do it_; and thiaap peared in the case of The Tub-women vs. The Brew ers of London.” . Whatever may be the character of this volume of reports (and few sustain a worse one) the soundness of tho decision itself has never been questioned. In the Kinsufs. HEawbay, 6 Term E., 036, Grose, Justice, said S' 1 In many cases an agreement to do-a certain thing has been considered a subject for an indictment for a conspiracy, though the same act, if done separately by each Indivi dual, without any agreement among. thomsolves, would hot ' have been illegal Aa- in the ease of journeymen conspiring to raise their wages, .each may insist on;, raising..his wages, if he can,' but if several meet for the same purpose it IS illegal, and .the parties may be indicted for con spiracy,” and tlie charge: of O. J. Tiadal to the grand.jnry, in 1642, reported in T Carr. & Dlarsh man, 661, and the directions of Erle, J., to the jury in the case of. the Queen ys. Howlands, 17 Ad. & EI.jOSO, in tha-year 1851, contain the samo view of the law. So, although one may.hiss or applaud a player, he cannot enter into a combination, to drive a particular person from the stage—Macklin’s Case, 2McNally, 631. And the books containjwecedents of indictments against salt-makers for conspiringto en hance the price of salt; against -journeymen lamp lighters and journeymen curriers for conspiring to raise wages;agaihst workmen for conspiringto lessen, tho time of iubur and to compel masters to pay for a : whole day’s work ; against master for conspiring not to employ journeymen who had left tiioir. last master without his consent, and the like, such combinations were illegal at. common law, yet in England 'they have been made the subject of several acts of Parliament, of which the principal ones .arc 5 Geo.TV, e. 95, (which ra ; pealed the prior statutes as to combinations of workmen,) and 6 Goo. IV, c. 129, ; ' . Upon this side of tho Atlantic the same'view, of the la-* has been taken. In 1806 certnin.journey.men boot and shoemakers woro indicted for conspiring not to work at their trade, for loss than.certain fixed rates, and, under tho charge of the liecorder, that the act j though innocent in itself, was rendered criminal by the confederacy to effect it, the defend ants were convicted.. In the case of The People of tho state of Now York vs. Melvin and others, the defendants, who were also journeymen shoemakers, • were tried in ISO 9 for a similar combination, and the jury were told that if tho defendants had confede rated either to do an unlawful act, to tho injury of others, or. to make use of unlawful means to attain their ends, they wore .liable to the charge of a con-’ spiracy, and tho defendants were' thereupon con victed. In the easo of The. Commonwealth vs. Mackyotal.jthe defendants,who were also journey men shoemaker, were, in the year 1815, indioted and tried at Pi ttsburg, first for combining and conspiring together to form a sooioty.for the purpose of raising their wages arid the wages of . all journeymen shoe makers in that borough'; secondly, for forming such an association, and enacting certain rules, by which they agreednot to work for any master shoemaker un less at cortain regulated prices; arid, thirdly ,for with drawing themselves, in consequonoo of such combi nation, from tho employment of certain master shoe makers, and causing and procuring other journey men so to withdraw themselves. In tho charge to the jury, they were told that tho case was not a con troversy between the employers and the journey men ; that with tho regulation of wages, or the pro fits of one side or the other, the jury had nothing to , do; it had been truly said that every man had a right to affix what price he pleased to his labor. It -was not for demanding high; prie'es that the defend ants were indicted, but for employing, unlawful means to extort their prices; if, therefore, th'o jury . believed that the defondants conspired to compel men to work at certain prices, or to compel an em ployer to hire a cortain description of persons, or to prevent a man from freely exorcising his trade in a partieniar place, they were guilty, and the defend ants were thereupon convicted. So, in The Pcoplo vs. Fisher—l 4 Wendell, 9, decided in blew York, in 1835—where certain shoemakers were indicted for a similar conspiracy, and the defendants haring de murred to the indictment on the ground that it was not sufficient,: in not describing an offence known to the laws of tlie State, the court below gnvo judgment on the domurrer for the defendants,where upon tho easo was removed, by writ of error, to tho Supreme Court. Although tho indictment was framed under the Revised Statutes,* tho opinion of the court, delivered by tho Chief Justice, affirmed the common law upon this subject, (which, indeed, it was said that the revisers did not intend to depart from in their code,) and it was held, that although a mart who' owns an article of trado or commorco is not obliged to soil it for any particular prico, he has. no right to say that his neighbor shall not sell il for a less price, arid that ir one individual dOO3 not possess such a right over the conductor another, no number: of individuals oan possess such a right. All combi nations, therefore, to effect such an object aro inju. rious, not only to the Individual particularly op pressed, but to tho public at large. Andthejudg ; merit below was thcroupbn reversed. In the case of Hooker vs. Yandowator, 4 Denlo, 319, decldod In 1847,. tho law was so applied In tho case of tho proprietors of five lines of boats On the Erie and Oswego Canal, w;ho had enterod into a contract which purported “to establish and maintain fair and uniform rales of freight, and to equnlizo tho business of for. warding on the Eric and Oswego Canal among thorn. • selves, and to avoid all unnecessary expense in ,so doing.” It was hold that this was an illegal oontracb —the object of tlie combination was obviously to jlo stray.competition between tho several lines In tho business engaged in. “ That tho raising of the prioo. 'offreights,’’"said Jcwott 3., “for tiro transportation of merchandise or passengers upon our canals, is a matter of public coneern, and in which the public .......5,050 Revised Statutes provided that “if two: or mure persons Khali conspire to commit any act usu rious to trade or commerce, they shall bo guilt; of a ' V 2 at. I 621, SB, have a deep Interest, does not admit of a doubt. It is a familiar maxim, that competition Is the life of trade. It follows, that whatovor destroys, or oven relaxes competition in trade, ls(injurlous, if not fatal, to it.” (The People v. Fisher, 4 Wend. 9.) Tho object of the agreement, as expressed in the written contract, was plausible enough; but It is impossible to conceal the roal intention. It is evident that tho parties wore the owners of, live separate and power ful lines-of boats provided for the transportation of prooperty,merchandise, and passengers on tho canals then in use, and in active rivalry in the business, af eciing more or less, tho price of freights; to destroy which rivalry and koep up tho price to certain rates fixed by themselves, was the great, if not the solo ob ject of thatagreement. Tho transaction amounted, as I think, to a conspiracy to commit an act * injurious to trade * within the legal meaning of the statute denouncing it as a crime, and was therefore illegal and void.” * ,Tn the following yenr tho same question came up again In Stanton vs. 'Allen, 5 Donio, -134, and the same contract was held to be illegal, both under the revised statutes, anu at common law. “It was also urged,” said M’Kissock, .T., in delivering the opinion, “ that the association was a partnership. But whether it is of that character or not, is immate rial. No one can bo deceived by any supposed analogy between: the pr inciple of uniformity of price among the members of an .ordinary business firm and the same thing in a confederacy formed for no other purpose or uso than tebring It about. * *.*• I conclude that the association in quostion had a mantfestand necessary tendency to diminish the revenue of the State, impair the utility of a great public work intimately connected with the Interests of the whole people, and that it must be eminently injurious to .trade. The articles of association, therefore, in our judgment, unquestionably contra vene public policy, and aro/manifestly injurious to the interest of the State. Hence they are void at common law.” : In these two New. York eases, the .-question was not presented upon indictments for conspiracy, but in actions of assumpsit In >jliich the Illegality of the contract was, upon the natximcx turpi sum oritur actio , set up as fchqdofcnco, But in a late case in Pennsylvania, reported in Whartons prece dents of Indictments, QoS, JiOtej for a consfrirdey upon an agreement of similar purport with that in the New York cases, was sustained by Grier- J., who held that “the objects of the confe deration were nothing less than a combination be tween the chief capitalists and carriers on the line of our public works to raise'or depress tho rate of freight, as it may suit their own interests either, to increase their profits, or! Crush a competition, and such a combination came,, it was held, within the description of those which are punishable by Indict ment as conspiracies at common law. The ease of The Oommonwealfeh vs. Hunt, 4-Met cili; 112, decided in Massaeimsettß in 1842, though it did not go to tho extent of some of the cases just referred to, cannot be considered as an authority on the other side of the question. On the contrary, the principles of the common law were affirmed, but it ■was held that the illegal purpose was not sufficiently sot forth in tho indictment. - Before I refer to the next Jcaso, it is pro per to remark that In. the trials: of tho two first sets of journeymen shoemakers, (in Phila delphia and New York,); the jury wero told that whatever might have been the motives of the defendants, whether tq) resist tho supposed, op pression -of their (masters, or to insist upon ex travagant, compensation) and the means used, vis: the conspiracy, were unlawful. To this proposition unqualified assent cannot, I think, be given, and the doctrine, in what I must consider Its true bearing, was. laid" down in Pennsylvania by Chief Justice Gibson, in thacasebf The Commonwealth vs. Car lisle. Brightley’s Hep. decided in 1821. The de fendants were master shoemakers, and had been committed ,on a charge of conspiracy. They had agreed not to employ any journeyman who would not consent to work at reduced wages, “ bat It also appeared that tho object went no further than to re establish-certain rates which had y prevailed a few months before, from which there was reason' to be belieye thd’.empioyers had been compelled to depart by a combination qmong"the journoymen.” Upon awrit of habeas corpus their discharge was moved for, on tho grounds that a combination to regulate wages.la no offence- by-‘the. common law of Penn sylvania. . * , It was held by the Chief Justice that tlie illegali ty of the combination'depended upon the motive for combining, “ or, what is the samo tiling, the nature of tho object to be.attainecl as a consequence of the lawful act is, in this class of cases, tho discrimina- tive circumstance. Where tho act is lawful for an individual, it can be tho subject of a conspiracy when done in. concert, only where there is a direct : intention that injury shall result from it,or where the object is to benefit the conspirators to the prejudice of the public or the oppression of in dividuals, and where such prejudice or oppres sion is-the natural., arid necessary consequence. To give appropriate instance, respectively refe rable to this branch Oij, this classification of cri mir.al intentions, If -a'wffiuber of - persons, should: combine to establish a ferry, not'TrgnHmotives of .public or.- private, utility, .but'to" .ruin" or in jure the dwneriofuKaeightoring terry, the wicked ■ness of the motive’would render the association cri minal, althoughit is otherwise whore capital is com bined* not for the purposes of oppression, hut fair competition with others of the same calling. So with respect to the other branch: If the bakers of a town were to combine to hold up the article of, bread, and by means of a scarcity thus pro duced extort an exorbitant price for it, although tho injury to the public would be only col lateral to the object of the association, it would be indictable; and to one or the other of these may tho motive in every decided case be traced. * * * I take it, then, a combination is criminal whenever the aet to he ‘dono has a necessary ten dency to prejudice the public/or .to oppress indivi duals 'by .unjustly.subjecting.them to the power of the confederates, arid; giving effect to the purposes of the latter, whether of extortion or mischief. Ac- cording to this view of the law, a combination of employers.. to ; depress the wages of journeymen be low what they would be if there was no recurrence to artificial means by either side is criminal. There is, between the different parts of the body politic, a, reciprocity of action on each, other, which, like the action of antagonizing muscles in the natural body, not only piescribo3 to each its appropriate state and condition, but regulates- the motion .of.the, whole. The effort of an Individual to -disturb; this equili- brium can never be perceptible, nor Can the opera tion of his interest on that of any other individual, beyond the limits’ of fair competition; but the In crease of power by combination of means being ln gepinetrical proportion to tho number concerned* an association".may. be able to giro an im pulse, not; only oppressive to individuals, but mischievons to the public ,at largo; and it is the employment of an- .gngine so powerful and dangerous that gives criminality to .an act that would bo perfectly innocent, at least in a legal view, when done by an an individual, * * * It must be evident, therefore, that an association is criminal when its object is to depress tho price of labor below what it would bring if it were left with out artificial excitement, by either’ masters or jour- neymeri, to take its chance in tho market. But tho motive may also bo as important to' avoid as to in duce an inference of criminality. 1 The mere act of combining to change ..the price of labor is perhaps oviderice of'.lmpropriety of intention bnt not concln-. sivo; for if the accused can show that tho object was not to give an undue value to labor, but to foil their antagonists in an attempt to .assign to It, by surrep titious meant, a value which It would not.otherwho have, they will make out a good defence. . In. the trial of the journeymen shoemakers of Philadel phia, the Kecorder, a lawyer of undoubted talents, instructed tho jury that it was, no rnaticr what the defendants’ motives wore, whether to resist the sup.: posed oppression of their mnsters'ov to insist upon, extravagant wages; but this, although perfectly ; true as applicable tothat case whore the combina tion was intended to coerce not only tho omployors., but third persons, 1 is not of universal application. A combination ioresist oppression not merely supposed but real wbulflbe perfectly innocent, for where the act to be done anil the means of aecompiishingitaro law ful, and the‘object to bo attained is meritorious, com bination Is not conspiracy. It Is a fair employment • of means not criminal in the abstract, but only so when directed to the attainment of a criminal ob ject; arid it is therefore Idle to say the law: aflbrds a remedy to which tho parties must recur; the legal remedy is’cumulativo and does not take away the . prevcr.tr.ttyo remedy by Qio act of tho parties. It would bpSi? assumption of’thequestion to-say it is ‘ criminal to do oviawful act by unlawful means wbon tho pbjectjmust determine the character of the moans. ;-Jt must therefore bo obvious tliat.the point. in this ease ls, whether tho relators have been ac tuated by ; an improper motive; and that being a 1 question purely of fact', lam bound to roior Its de* cifiontoajury, the constitutional tryers of it.” . A distinction may bo clearly said to exist, how ever, ’fetween 1 all the cases of operatives, which I : havqroferred to, and that of these passenger rail ways;. L lfa community is oppressed by a combina tion of shoemakers or any other sot of workmen, it can at least import another sat of such workmon. But'tho Legislature has granted to thoso railway companies the absolute right to uso tho Streets for tho purposes: of their railways, and none but they can bo'usb the streets; If one line chooses to run its cars at a greater or a losj rate than anothor or others, it can of course do so, and sucli a course will be attended with a corresponding loss or. increase of business to Itself, and a corresponding increase or loss of business to tho other lines. This is competi tion which the law allows and,encourages. But, when all combine (and the combination is made per fect in this case by Ihemcgulation as to exchange tickets), not to run any cars On any lino in tho city for loss thaJa certain rate, the community is pujvorioss—it cortgot no aid elsewhere, for none hut these com panies have the right to use these streets, and It must either not use tho oars at all, or submit to the dicthtcd terms. In other words, -when thus com bined, those companies form an absolute monopoly; and 1 am of opinion that tho law would be more strictly hold against such Va combination than against thoso which 1 havo already referred to. Subject to this remark,the reasonablonoss of the dis tinotion, so clearly expressed la Tho Commonwealth vs. Carlisle, will; I think, be strikingly shown by its Immediate application to tho case of thoso pas-i senger railways. If upon tho trial under suck an. indictment, it should appear that their present ex penses and a reasonable return to their stockholders were-mot by their receipts under their old rates, their motive would bo evidentlymere desire of gain, and this combination .would bo deemed unlawful. Upon suoh a trial, many questions would ,bo con sidered as pertinent to; tho issue;; such as tho actual expenses of workings the; roads, tiio wages paid to .' the employees, the salaries of the officers, tho divi (lends paid to tho stockholders, possibly tho prices at which tko shares were soiling at the market, whether ndvn»C»se was taken to raise tho rates of faro at the time of an uxresuaf Jnitux of persons to tho city f and mas-7 similar questions. All the3o would go l to tho jt??y to cnaMc fchtrm to pronounce, as matter of fact, whether the dcferrOants, In thus combining to raise their faros, were actuated by an Improper raotivo, and, az 1 have boforc's’.aid, the pe culiarity of tltsir position in holding an absolute monopoly as against tho 'community wbnTO cause the rules by which their motivos'wcTe to be judged to be construed rather rigidly than indulgently. That the presidents of these roads are personally liable to indictment' for improper combination' to raise the rates of faro, needs no argument. If they: assume to act, and do act for their respective com panies, and the result of this*action is - an unlawful combination, they are of course personally liable-to indictment for such conspiracy. I am, therefore, of the opinion that the presidents are liable to indictment for a conspiracy to increase tho price of single faros and of cxchango tickets on all the city roads. 'War. Henut Kawle, Pmx.Aßxni'Hra, June 18,1864. Intercstinjr Mate in the Jennie, Jimo' 15,1861, BKTWJSEX lION. -T. C. TEX KVCIt, OF NEW JEtISEY, AND lION, WILJ.AUD SAULSUURY, OF DKOAWARK. The Senator from Delaware having madoa stirrings haranguo against the bill for the organization of a Freedman’s Bureau,.(then before the Senate,) a do*’ spatch was read announcing another of the move- ments of General Grant, after which Sonator*Ten Eyck rose and said Mr. Tex Eyck; No doubt the reading of that despatch is as gratifying to the Senator from Dela ware ns it can possibly be to. me,-because it gives a further assurance that the authority of the Consti tution. the infraction of which lies so near his heart, is likely to be maintained, and the men who. are guilty of its attempted destruction are likely to be oyoreomo and overwhelmed. Although he has not mentioned. the circumstance that rebels in the South -arc guilty of a violation of this Constitution, and tho whole burden ofhissong has boon directed to.the violators of it, as he charges, in the North, still I hnvo not the slightest doubt it brlogs the live liest satisfaction and joy to his heart to fcarn that this Constitution, thus violated and thus trampled upon, is likely to be placed upon a sure, stable,' and firm foundation. Mr. S ATjr.sntmv. Allow me to interrupt the Sena tor. Mr. Ten Eyck, in a moment. Tho Senator will have an opportunity to reply when I am through— loften desire to puta question, er throw in a word, while a Senator is speaking, but I always restrain my: anxiety until he has concluded—and then nothing can afford me greater pleasure than to give way to the Senator. The Senator from Delaware has frequently distinguished me by proposing questions. Now I will propose one to him, as a legislator, not as a politician. It is this : whethor ho thinks the adoption of the amendment ofhis upon this bill ean boot any practical importance one way or the other 1 As I understand it, it is a roaffirmanee of certain cardinal principles of the Constitution of the United States, which we are all sworn to sup port; ,If wo disregard the Constitution and our oaths also—if. it bo true that there are men in the North who do that Jibing—will wo be llkelv to reverence and respect an act of Congress upon this subject 1 We reverence the doings of our ancestors when we pay but very little heed to the acts of thoseabfmt us—certainly not to as great an extent as the acts and deeds of our forefathers and the men who framed this charter of our liberties. I see, then, no practical use in incorporating thi3 declaration of wise and wholesome, doctrines in this bill. But if tlie object is to make a speoh, if the object is to attract the attention,of.the country, if the object is to arraign a pure and noble body oi Jiatriots in the Worth and to impress upon the pub io mind that tho Administration and Its friends are enemies to the Constitution, to the Government, and to the country, then I can understand why tho Senator should propose this amendment and make his comments, and hail the boasted accession of strength which, he anticipates as being on its way to join the true. friends of tho Union, of which the Senator from Delaware Informs us he is one. Ho is welcome to all the strength he can secure from such a source as that. He can boast In his new friends, “woolly horse” and all. - Sir, I could vote without any difficulty for this amendment; but where is the practical.use of it 1 V’ hat is tho object of itl I cannot Impugn the mo tives of tho Senator; Icannot dive into the heart of. the Senator from Delaware and ■ see the motive, design, and object .that he has in view; and there fore I cannot attribute motives to him. Still, I can form'my own opinions of his designs and purposes ; , hut being in the dark in relation to hisobject farther than from his declaration that -his amendment will bring a “thrill of joy” to the Northern heart, lean hot tally understand him. But, sir, as necessity has compelled the Government to lay Its hands on trai tors and to hinder them from phllingdown the fabric of our Government, I can . understand that a thrill of joy might rush through the veins of these if we should pass a law to fotter the action of the Govern ment, and to restrain"it from taking up these viola tors of the Constitution. It may bring a thrill or joy to the hearts of such men, but it wul bring sor row and regret to the hearts of patriots who are serving in the army, to the hearts of patriots who have lost sons and rein tives in the service, and whose bodies aro now. festering in bloody graves. Sir, I shall vote against this amendment for the reasons stated. . Mr.-SAtTLSncnv.’ The honorable Senator from New Jersey has referred to the joy that he felt on hearing the despatch from the Secretary of .War read.’ Ho has expressed iris opinion—at least ho says he has no doubt—that I felt the same joy. I am sorrv to hear that honorable Senator admit that at least one portion of that despatch brought joy to his heart; for, sir, thero was one portion of it that brought no joy to mine. When it was announced by.the Secretary of-War that General Sturgis had been 'defeaiedj'aha with- great loss, and was on his retreat to Memphis, I felt no joy.; and I do not pro ‘shine that-it -gaveany joy to the heart of the hono rable Senator from How Jersey.- It was a word in cautiously said,'nofuroporly. weighed. I confess to the Senator that I felt nojoyin hearing such an nn nonriccment upon this-floor. , : Mr. Tek Etok. I meant the general progress and success of our arms. Mr. SAUtSBUBT. I have never, tinder any cir onmstanoes, in private or in public, whatever may be my opinion, of this war aria of Its. utter futility, felt any joy when those who bore the standard of the country in the field have met with disaster. Sir, I was,bom under that .flag. I expect to livo and die under that flag, and under no other, pro vided the friends of liberty can be successful in pre venting despotic ; power from tearing it down, and provided thoy can in the future, as they have In the. past, cause it to bo the emblem of that constitu tional liberty achieved for us by patriotic sires, "When that disaster shall come over my country, I shall not be found among those who raise tho stand ard of revolt against.it. Should my State suffer the humillailon of continuing to be a subject province, . and her eons be permanently denied the enjoyment of liberty, I wilt see whether an-asvlum of liberty cannot be found upon some distant shoro. I will not seek it where that flag has been stricken down, but, bidding farewell to the graves of my fathers, I will seek it across the waters, where, at least, I can cherish the recollection that land iny fathers were born finder it and lived,under it, untiFali the prin ciples of which it was once the glorious emblem have been destroyed. The honorable Senator says I do not refer to those Southern men who’ raised. the standard of revolt against that flog. I appeal to. the records, of this Senate whether I have had any more narticipatiou In, their movemenkthantho.Senator from New Jer sey. As-Ihavo before said on this floor, on the day when Mr. Buchanan sent in his. last annual mes sage and Hr. Wig fall and Mr. Iverson made their speeches, proclaiming here: in their seats the intention; of the South to retire from tho Union, though at that time the youngest member of this body, .scarcely. warm in my seat, before even the Senator from New Jersey rose, I, was tlie first man to proclaim, that the; State of Dela ware, which always has a watchful care, I should like to have said; over New Jersey, which always respects New Jersey, havirig;.beon the first to enter this Union, would be the'last to abandon ir.. Wo have made no attempt to abandon it oven when de prived of our constitutional rights. I haveseen,in violation of: those principles of the Constitution which my amendment seeks to reaffirm, my neigh; hors and friends, lour mono day, snatched from their helpless families and carried, by order of General Schenck) to Baltimore, denied a hearing, refused a statement of the charge against them, refused a trial, and banished the same afternoon to a hostile shore. I have seen, in violation of the principles of fundamental law which my amend ment seeks to establish, tho constitutional rights of my people taken away of even voting for. those who shall make tho iaws under which they shall live. Sir, the people of my State have -witnessed, all tkis.-but they have never attempted to follow the leaders of secession. . Sir, it is fruitless here to be always denouncing the: men who have seceded from the Union. I ask the honorable Senator what good that can do 1 He approves of their course as muclras I do, I have but one mission now during tho remainder of mv brief term In. tho Senate, iffy mission is ono and,; single; the advocacy of civil liberty, to hold up be fore mv countrymen the example of our fathers, and on all fit occasions, if I possibly can, to Induce my associates here to reaffirm those principles of civil liberty upon which were laid, tho deep foundations of this Government. I invite the co-operation of my honorable friend from New Jersey, tho patriotic and gallant "State of New Jersey, whose Witherspoon and other heroes and sages of revolutionary renown helped to frame this Uonstitution; I invite him to join me in this noble work of reaffirming what they . did, of saying now that New Jersey, in thoso days when these principles are being constantly violated, ; will imitate tho example of New Jersey’s sons of revolutionary renown, and reaffirm: tho principles which they so fondly chorishod. Mr. Tta! Byok. Perhaps I may claim tho indul: genee and the patience of tbo Senator from Massa chusetts and tho Senate for a minute while I reply to one or two of tiie points taken by tho Senator,* irom Delaware. .. 1 think it was rather an unfair application of my remark by the Senator. from Delaware, when ho stated that he had no joy in hearing tiio report that General Sturgis had been worsted and was falling back on Memphis. -AVhy, sir, tho joy I felt was on account of tho constant general success, and pro gress of our armies, which, through the heroism of our noble troops, are like a great and mighty torrent sweeping away all treason: and rebellion from before them. .1 thought it wasaverylltUo point Indeed for the-gentleman to seise hold of, and by way of escape, that ho: could not rojoloo nt the discomfiture oi Sturgis. Sir, ho did not rejoice, or at least he did not declare oven in his reply that he rejoiced in tho general progress of our arms; and I havo never heard him on this floor or anywhoro olso express his gratification on that account. : The Senator professes, and I: do not” dispute it, that he is a warm friend'of the Union and of tho flag of the Union. Ho tolls us that his ancestors 1 were born under It; that ho was born . under It, and that he has lived under it. May I ask the Sena tor if be expects to die under it! 1 have not hoard of Ids taking any step during the fivo years ho and, I have sat sido by sido upon this floor to maintain its supremacy over the length and.breadth of tho Union established by our fathers. If so, In what: respect'! What has ho said, and what has he done. that he might continue *to live under it, and that whon tho day oamo for him to oloso his eyes in death, his last faint gaae might rest upon tho em blem of our sovereignty fluttering In tho breeze 1. I do not expect the Sonator to go into tho field and: fight; hisefuties as a Senator could bettor be per formed hero than elsewhere; .but .whon did he ovor raise his voice in behalf of the army or navy, or tho ‘ prosecution of tho wart .Wlmt vote did lie over give to raise a man and put him in the Hold, or to raise a dollar to maintain and keep him there 1 If ho has over given such a vote It has escaped my observation. . The Sonator, In tho kindness of his heart, Is , willing to extend tiio care of Delaware unto Now - Jersey. I thank the Senator for tho warm and gushing Impulses of his heart. I. remember tho early history or the “Blue Hen’s Chickens,” and : It is a jiroud one; tho record Is as proud as that oftho early “Jersey Bluesbut I trust tkoSe nator will not undertake to Indoctrinate our people, when he Is exercising this caro over l them, in the scntlmonts ho has given utterance to, upon this floor. There are too many men already in the, State—it is with shame and sorrow that I speak it—indoctrinated with such sentiments as tho No natorfrom Delaware utters here from day to day. Sir, thore are a fow men thoro who reluso to glvo a dollar to sustain that flag to which tha Senator from Delaware has alluded. There are noble, patriotic hearts in Delaware. We will unite with Them in putting down this fleteo rebellion; wo will spare with them our last remaining man, and our last dollar in this holy purpose, but Heaven pre-, ,crve us from sucli friends as havo only praiso and sympathy: for; rebellion, and denunciation and abuse for those who pass then working Says and THREE CENTS. jjJcEplcss nights in noblo efforts to maintain the UnJon transmitted by our fathers. . • _ There is bnt one other point to which i win allude, ami that is the ntility of this amendment. The Senator thinks there is great utility livie enacting the solemn declarations of the Consti tution, that it would biing joy to the hearts of the citizens of the North, aird send a thnil throughout their veins. Jf there he not sufficient loyalty to the Constitution and the iGctfcrnmcnt In the people now under the Constitution/ there will he not sufficient under an act Of Congress that _ you may pass. I protest that no such violation of the Constitution has been comV’ofttcd I*7 those who are charged with the public service: and, by way of “excluding a conclusion, ** J will say if such, has been the case; if, under the stern necessity of the times 2, when this Government so to speak, has been gasping for its breath. beneath the bloody stabs.of traitors; Jf, under such exigencies, unusual, undefined, or unfamiliar powers, which I nowise admit, have been resorted to to sa vt the. nation’s life, will the Senator from Delaware dose his eyes to the great motive, and go ho wlinjg through the land against'the men who may hatm 1 done this thing to preserve the country, while traitors awl traitor sympathizers hai-o striven to destroy It, and that, too, be it said, without rebuke or «sven com* ment from the Senator from Delaware 1 - Mr. President, I apologise for having tafcen up so i much time 5 but it seemed to me before tSfe vote ; was taken upon the call of tho yeas and was perhaps proper, or at least excusable in me, testate why 1 did not consider it necessary on thlsand evory other occasion; to re-afflrra the doctrines of the Con stitution framed over seventy years ago, and w htch „ our fathers and ourselves have faithfully lived up to and maintained from tho day of its adoption down to the present hour. Mr. iSAfensmfny. Mr. President, ! shall not con tinue this debate any further than is absolutely ccssary to take particular notice of some few re marks of the honorable Senator from New Jersey, /With the general spirit which he has manifested in this discussion lam pleased ; and yet I have been surprised that one ’str familiar with thoproprieties of dcbate'should be found using the words he has ut tered in this instance. He spoke of the Senator from Delaware “professing” to be a friend or the . Unionj and of my “going howling through the land.” The Senator is a man of taste. Mr; Tun Eyck. I- should like to withdraw that declaration. Sometimes in the hurry of debate wo use expressions that we would uot otherwise do, I did not propose to use that term? , Mr. Saulsuuet. So far as 1 have conducted this debate; in-my humble way, I have made no personal allusions-whatever to tho honorable Senator. lam not now speaking in reference to those expressions. 1 do not ehoose'to be put on trial upon every occa sion by any Senator as to the propriety or impropri ety of the course which I as a free American Senator choose to pursueinniy judgment uponmatters. Btrt thcSenatorhassofaragain forgotten what is in issue between,him and me, the diecusaion of principles, as to refer to our personal course since we have been Senators. Bo asks, what has the Senator, from Delaware done since the commencement of these troubles 1 aiul be proclaims to the country the noble dseds and noble acts which ho has performed. Sir, X need no trumpeter of wliat little tame I have got, and if I needed ohe I would not be my own. But, sir, the Senator has chosen to make a contrast between what he has done andwhat T have done upon this floor. The Senator and myself were both Senators when these troubles eommenced, before a gun was fired, before a drop of blood was shed. He cannot forget the scene that transpired in. these halls then. He cannot forget the anxiety of his countrymen from the lakes to the Gulf and from ocean to ocean that theie calamitiesshouldbospared to this great people. He cannot forget that from every quarter of the land there came- up in trumpet tones a prayer to him, a prayer to me, a prayer to everyone entrusted with the discharge of- official duties, “Do what you possibly can 1 to avert such: a dire calamity as war ; do not allow brethren of a common oriainjind of a common renown to imbue their hands In each otheris blood.” He recollects tiiat responsive to that call a great statesman, a link between the ulorlous past and the then agitated but mighty present, a man who had seen Washington, who had been familiar with the great men who laid the deep foundations of this Government in the principles of constitutional liberty; that man, whose head was frosted with 5 age, ana trembling in every limb, stood up in his hearing in this Coun eil Chamber and implored tho warring sections to cease their strife. Ho offered an olive-branch of peace, which contained nothing but what had been judicially decided to be true by the highest legal tribunal of the eountry. The Senator saw the peo ple of one entire section of tho country, through their representatives, willing to receive those propo sitions of peace, and to accept of that olive-branch, that peace might prevail in the land, that the unity of the Government might be preserved, and that constitutional liberty might be transmitted- to their posterity forever. The Senator saw the tables of many of the Senators upon this floor/ loaded with, petitions for the establishment of those princi ples of peace so patriotically offered. He saw the Senator from Delaware persistently and con tinuously, when present in the body, voting to accept that olive-branch'of-peace, voting to agree upon these common terms upon which brethren should live. Although that honorable Senator could cot mistake the voice of the people, nor be indifferent to the anxiety of his countrymen, upon every, occasion, according to my recol lection, he persistently voted against those proposi tions. Nothing but war, bloody war, a little more blood-letting,in hisjudgment, could savothe-Union. He turned a deaf ear to their entreaties. He would not heed.even the counsels of his own State; for he cannot disguise the fact, and he would not disguise It If lie could—fori mean to deal in ho discourteous language toward him—that the sentiment of hia State was then, as it is now, in favor of those prin i Ciplcs of peace. ’ He thought that one section of this country, because it was numerically stronger than the other, couldrestore this Union ami preserve our liberties by .force of arms, I, in the exercise-of my judgment, never, from the beginning of these troubles to the present time, have had. any such faith.. But because I could not believe in the poten cy of the means which the Senator chose to adopt, for the,restoration of the Union, is thatany evidence : that lam less patriotic than he? Is a difference in judgment as to the means of restoring the-Union to be, evidence of the loyalty—l heg pardon for using the word—the patriotism of the one and the want of patriotism of the other? I shall go into no vindica tion of my votes dr, my record in this body. I. be lieve that , the judgment of-o. large majority of the people of this country now, as I know it was when . these ls in perfect accord with, my own. But, sir. I'am surprised to hear the honorable Senator talk about ibis war being a war for the restoration of the Union. Whatever was its origi nal decigii, in view of the bill under consideration, and another bill which we have been notided is to come up for consideration on Friday next, can the Senator believe that those who are prosecuting this war—l mean those who. have its management— mean a restoration of the Union and the preserva tion of the Constitution? I have no doubt'there are hundreds and thousands of men advocating this war . who arc doing it for the honest purpose, as they think, of restoring the Union and preserving, the Constitution; -but, sir,. looking at the acts of those entrusted with the management of public affairs, the acts of this Administration, does any man be lieve it?- If so, I ask how do you reconcile that ' with the fact that when the gallant and noble State of Kentucky, notwithstanding her localia3titutions, notwithstanding her geographical position, and the . State of Maryland and the State of Delaware; and other States, geographically situated as they were, came honestly to’tell the Executive what policy would conduce most to enable their people to sup port with cordiality the war, for the maintenance ofi the Union, ho turned a deaf ear to all their en treaties, and set up his judgment against that of those States 1 ' Hr. Ten Eyck. Mr. President, ! must say. in all kindness, X think I ought not tohavo withdrawn the word of which, the Senator from Delaware complain ed. Prom the emphatic manner of his- speech and style, perhaps I would not havebeen much amiss If I said lie** snouted” instead of“ howledbut, sir, - I .wish toPc courteous, and avoid anything'that looks like personal offence even toward gentlemen from whom I so widely differ. But, sir, I ought to say a word im relation to my State. Allusion lias been made to the StatoofNew Jersey: and, although Ido not care-about prolong- : ing this discussion m its personal aspects, still X i should be recreant to the State I love, that 1 regard" with the tender emotions I do the memory of tho ; mother who boro me on her bosom* itl did not reply i to a declaration of the Senator ,in relation to-the character of jny State. He says “New Jersey was always in favor of peace;” that it wa3 the sentiment of her people, * and that tho Senator from New - Jersey has disregarded her .well known voice, Sir,-1 dqny that that now is or cyer was the sentiment of her-people. I admit that, owing to certain circumstances, about the time of the commencement of this war, or a. little before, certain persons got possession of seats in the Legis lativc councils or our State, and held the majority on certain political questions and they did—*l do not know whether it was tinder the care or teaching of the Senator from Delaware—pass certain resolu tions in favor of tho Crittenden compromise, so called, or Crittenden resolutions. I donotrefer to tho resolution—also called tho Crittenden resolution —introduced afterwards in the Senate by Ana. John son, the present candidate for Yico President, and who, with Abraham-Lincoln, I believe and trust, will be elected; but I mean the resolutions intro duced by tho late venerable Senator from Kentucky, one of which was designed to boat down the division line between free and slave soil, and open the free North to the slave power of tho South. In my humble capacity as a Senator, without professing to, have much firmness, and believing it to be a crime against both God and man, I voted against that re- Eoluttoa. I would have done it if an impending blow, deadly as a Bash from heaven, had fallen on my brow the Very moment that I did it. Last year the Legislature of my State undertook to pass a set of resolutions in favor of a pcaco. . I believe'some, of them were willing\to send com missioners to meet ofcbors from the rebel States, and desecrate the consecrated ground of Independence Square by patching up a peace upon thatsacred spot with traitors and with rebels; but there were many worthy men in that Legislature, Democrats as well as Republicans, who denounced and utterly abhorred the thing; and tho guilty authors of that : deed have most ol them already hoard the voioes of an outraged people on the subject. The Senator from Delawatosays Ihave been indi vidually opposed to peace, and “ in favor of blood— of a' little moro blood-letting.” Sir, I was not so much in favor of blood-letting as I was in favor of maintaining ike Constitution and the laws. If It became necessary to maintain that Constitution and the laws to shed tho blood of traitors, I was ready for it, and to carry on tho war until the last of thorn succumbed. That is tho way I stood; that is the way I stand to-day; and that is the way I moan to stand, first, last, and all the time. : But the senator says it will bo seen in tho future whether his policy would not have been tho boat and wisest to pursue, and that the people of the country will denounce the measures of this Mmin istration. Sir, lam not afraid of that; I will accept that test. _ But, Blt. President. I -will say finally, without re flecting upon tlio Senator, that ho has, unintention ally, tl hope, slandered the oharaoter of the dead -when ho says that the soldiers who have fallen In battle, if they could speak; would- send it voice from the grave in.favor of peace. Sir, it is not 50... Esta blish a peace before obedience is secured to the Con stitution and t,hc laws, and you will not only do an act or gross injustice to the hosts.who now are bat tling in the front, and from whom wo-.kear the shouts of victory day by day, hut also, an act. of gross injustice to the sacred; dead.who.have oSOred. up their precious lives a sacrifice to. this prin ciple. So from voices of denunciation coming - from the grave in oaso you do not. esta blish peace upon the terms, the Senator from Delaware would have it, establish, peace by surrendering your rights, by acknowledging seces sion, and without infScting poniskmont upon crimi nals and rebels, and.you willhavo a voiee_of con demnation coming ftom the. oods In hospitals where on yesterday I saw our heroes in the cold embrace', of death, others in their last gasp, and others suf-, .Poring l.ii In and agony without a sigh or groan. Sir, establish penco upon the principles sought: by tho donator from Delaware, and. you would have, if such ,1 thing wore possible, tho soldiers slain, in battle, whoso bodies lie upon tho road to Richmond, rising from their graves, bursting tho orust of clay how ■ resting on their bosoms, stalking forth upon the earth, and, with bony arms extended, denouncing fiercely all that class of men who madly talk about a “ peace ” boforo this foul rebellion is subdued. A Sikoulau OibotjjtSTANOE.—A girl who work ed in tho laboratory at the arsenal, whore the heart ronding calamity occurred on Friday last, escaped jVomporilby a singular circumstanqo. Ike young lady is usually remarkably taciturn, but on this day she felt an irrepressible desire to talk; and for no renson that sho-can imagine, her tongue ran on at such a rate that sho was reprimanded by the Over seer of Uto room. This did , not check the unruly member, and finally he sent her home to get rid of. her loquacity- Before she readied herd welling, the explosion oocurred, which sent out of existence a score of those who wow at wprfc ftiound her,—lKoslf ingten XejwMicen, TUB WAJEfc JPK.KSS, (PUBLISHED WEEKLY.) The Wax Paras will 1)8 seat to subscribers by mail {per annum in advance), at.......... $3 00 Three copies 5 00 PiYS copied! 8 00 Teneopics..... 15 00 . Larger Clnbs than Tsn will be charted at the suns rate. $1.50 per copy. Thepnoney must always accompany the order* and (n tto instance can these terms he deviated/rom, as then afford wry UtUe more than the cost of paper. ffsT Postmasters are requested to act as agents for The War Pnsas, #3* To the getter.up of the Club of tan or twenty, ad extra copy of the Paper will be given. Military Books. Mr. Van Nostrand, of Now York, stands snap proachsd as a publisher of military Works. .Already they lorn a substantive library, which alt persons Interested; to the war may study with odtanfege. Thoy ere won printed, with excellent type, on good" ptU>er, and hare an uniform appenranco. Hln most recent books are arlbllows f " Field Tactics ror In fantry; comprising the Battalion Movements and Brigade Evolution useful in the Field; on the March, and in Ihe Presence of the Eusmy.” This small volume Is by JrJajbr General William XI. Mor ris, and lays down, a system of tactics combining simplicity,'celerity, assd ; least fatigue to the men, which can readily be. adopted by all familiar with the old U. S. Tactics. . N-ilucrous diagrams tend to simplify and facilitate thesuggestea improvements. “Military Bridges; with suggestions of new ex pedients and constructions fdr’erossing Streams and Chatms ; including, also, Designs for Trestle and Truss Bridges for Military Railroads, by Hermann Haupt, A. BT., Civil Engineer-late Chief of Bureau, in charge of the eohstrnotlon and operation of United States Military Railways,” Is aif Bvo. volume of 310 pages, with sixty-nine lithographic engravings. In one oflxis former works (“ General Theory of Bridge Construction”), Mr. Hanpt had established hisabili ty as a writer, and shown his practical skill as aa engineer. Here, knowing how the "movements an army may be retarded by the transporting bridge-trains to pass rivers, (even a moderate show er at rain in the Peninsula often rendering earth roads impracticable for wagons;) ho suggests practi cable means whereby, with materials to be found to 'most'localities, ten or twenty thousand men pen hourmay-heeonveyedacrossstreams.wlthcntwaitlng for bridge equipages or even for pontoons. He says: “ The Potomac Creek Bridge is a remarkable illur trationof what may be accomplished under unfa vorable circumstances. The detail of workmen foe the construction of this bridge consisted of SCO com-' moa soldiers, tho refuse of three regiments; very few of them were mechanics; many of them could not even handle an axe; none were engineer troops; none trained to the special duty to which they were assigned; some were not able, and many not willing to work; and yet, by interrogating these men as to their previous occupations, by clas sifying and forming thstn Into squads, a degree of efficiency was secured which had satisfactory, and uiMer the circumstances, very extraordinary re sults.” Besides .showing how to improvise means of crossing rivers, a variety or materials being pressed into the service, as convenience or necessity .permitted, Mr. Haupt shows how to destroy bridges and locomotives with-the greatest expedition, and has a special chapter on torpedoes. , What foreign countries have done In the construction of military bridges is also stated here. Barrels, ropes, blankets, inflated skins, air-tight eases, logs, pontoons, and so on, are practicable materials for bridges In Mr. Haupt’s hands. His book id of the greatest value. General J, G> Barnard, who was Chief Engineer of UieArmy of the Potoraacfrom its organization to Pile Peninsular Campaign, lias written an Svo volume entitled “The Peninsular Campaign and Its Antecedents, as developed by the Report of Major General George B. McClellan, and other published documents.” It is illustrated by a large accurate, and minute map of part of Southeastern Virginia, compiled at the . United States Coast Survey Office from numerous authorities. Having written by far the best account of tha Battle of Bull Eon,, which Dr. Win, H. Eos3ell described without seeing, General Barnard is en titled to be heard as’a military critic. There if©’ points in his comments upon McClellan’s campaign , and Report which appear unanswerable, and show a thorough personal, as well as prolbssionai.'W quaintance with his Eubjoct. Air. Van Nostrand wiltsoon publish a translation of Baron de Joinim’s Political and Military Life of Napoleon,long a standard work to Europe. All his publications can be procured at J. B. Llppincott’s, Market straet. p*A*' -y - “ The .Htetory of the Kebemon,-:ltr®jlhers and Cwsa," an - octavo volume* of S9B?pages;Sipoii which Joshua E.'GMdings bestowed tbreo years of labor, has been published by Follett, Foster,Co., and appears after the death of it 3 lamented and pa triotio author. It treats freely and fearlessly of the authors of the rebellion, most of whom Mr. Gt ti dings knew, having long been a distinguished mem ber of Congress, backing John Quincy Adams when put on his trial, in the' House, for his anti-siavery action there, and being himself persecuted, in the same place, about the same time, for similar manifestations. Indeed, the greater part of this volume is. the parliamentary history of the thirty years before the election of Mr. Lincoln, related with graphic power, and veritable, because written by one who tell 3 what ho witnessed and shared in. There is a minute account of the election of Mr. Bank 3, as Speaker, in 1850, when the oath taken by that functionary was administered by Mr. Giddings, the oldest member of the'. House.- The . hisEffry is Carried’down to a'perfod .subsequent to theinaugu ration .of President Lincoln, and is evidently the production of ah able, earnest, patriotic, and expe rienced statesman. It is enriched with an excel lent-analytical index. For sale by J. JB. Lippincott & GO. . \ ‘ “Christian Memorials of the VVar,” a 12mo vo lume published by Gould h Lincoln, Boston, is a compilation with historical notes by Professor H. B, Hackett', whose preface leaves it doubtful whether the book Itself was written by Mm. It consists of a variety of anecdotes and incidents illustrating tho religious faith,.patriotism, and bravery of the army. It is readable, and may be found useful—especially to youth. .... Already we have mentioned two volumes of the Bed, White, and Blue Songs, collected and edited. by Frank Moore, of the. Rebellion Record, the best running history of the .war. A third series, called “ Songs of the Soldiers,” hasjust been published by G.P.Putnam, Hew York,and maybe said to re present the feelings of the army, for the larger por tion of its contents was recommended, suggested, and sent to Mr. Moore by the soldiers themselves. As tbe favorite war lyrics of the camp, this collec tion is therefore .peculiarly interesting. There are over one hundred and fifty war lyrics here; a few arc feeble, some are pretentious, but; most bave a dash, a lire, and feeling In them, and are racy of the , soil. Lippincott & Co. are the publishers here. “The Poor White for, The Hebei Conscript," is a juvenile tale, published by Graves & Young, Bos ton. It is well written, barring the improbability of the main incidents, and winds up effectively with, a battle scene on Koanoko Island. Two other volumes we must class together. The first, published by Walker, Wise, & Co., is a fanci ful biography of Mr. Chase, Secretary of the Trea sury, and is called “ The Ferry Boy and the Finan cier." 'The other, published by Eoberts Brothers, also a Boston firm, is a life of General Grant, and is entitled “The Tanner Boy, and how he became Lieutenant General.” Both books are handsomely got up, printed, and illustrated; and, we are bound, to admit, seem generally faithful as to fact. More of Mr. Chase’s early life is given j: more of General Grant’s military career. Any Tad who detees to know from what commencement, and by what Steps our leading'financier and our foremost military leader reached their present position, will find it, fairly enough told, in these volumes.. But we can not fancy the titles of these biographies. .IT,JHr. Chase, before ho was in his teens, did occasionally,, chiefty out of good nature and without fee or re ward, ferry a traveller across a river, in Ohio; and this only for a few months, it is absurd to call him a ferry hoy, and represent him as haring risen from that grade. His'father was very near being Go vernor of 3Sew Hampshire, one nnele was Chief Justice of Yormont, another was tho venerated Bishop Chase of Ohio, and his: own education was of the best.; So, with General. Grant, who is represented as a “Tanner Boy,” be cause. his excellent and industrious father had a. tonnory as well as a farm, and the lad may have as sisted "him on both, while a sekool-bqy, prior to his becoming a cadet at West Point. The titles of these books, and there are at least halfia-dozen more of the same class, are deceptive—for.they indicate that Mr- Chase and General Grant rose from being a ferry-boy and a tanner to what they are. If true, the more creditable to them. But each had the ground-work of an education which, fitted him for the 'great part he is playing now. Lippineott has these books also. - , One of thc-most satisfactory books on the "War has just been published by Crosby S Nichols, Boston. It is “Tho Potomac and the Rapidan: Army Notes from ,the Pailure at Winchester to the Reinforce ment of Hosecrans,ls6l-3,” and its author Is Alonzo H/Quint, chaplain of the 2d Massachusetts Infantry. This ‘gentleman’s correspondence with The Congre gationalist forms the basis of this volume, and wo : desire no better chronicler. Tffe hook has a good index, ami a map,printed: in colors, of the parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Yirginia referred to in the text—actually from Gettysburg to Richmond. Tho charm of Mr. ftuint’3 writing is that he tells a great deal of what he saw and ‘shared in, and says very little about kimsoif—unliko an army chaplain, whose book, lately noticed, had a sermon stuffed In at the end, to make up the, requisite number of pages. Mr. Quint eschews cant and exaggeration,, but few men have better described tho campaigns and. the country in which they were made. On sale by T. B. Peterson & Brothers. Bj.-ax.rgH Magazixks.— From J. J, Kromer,Mo3 Chestnut street, wo have tho Comhill Magazine and jrcmple Bar, for June. The loading attraction in the former is the eighth chapter of “ Dobis Duval,” the novel which, Thackeray left unfinished. The story-breaks off leaving the hero Aboard of the. Seraphs, just at the commencement .of tho great eu-, gagement with the Bon Hommq Richard, ..com-, mantled by Paul Jobes. An Interesting note by the. editor shows how Thackeray meant to have wound; up tho story.; In the August number, Mr. Gasklll, author of “ Cousin Pbil’is,” will commence a now novel, and a new serial Story by Wilkie Collins is also promised. Temple Bar is much more readable, with, its serial iioyols by Mias. Braddon, Mr., Yates ■ and Mr. BysßSjfc There la also a desultory street sketch in SfiMKh 1 ; by Mr,, Sala, and a variety of other articles," Dummy Engines ox Strkkt Railroaps.—A committee or the Board of Aldormon of Bostpa have,recently gone to Philadelphia to the operation of the dummy engine tho street rail rosul*! (if that oitv with a vtew to iK introduction, heref in accordance with the petitioner the Metro politanroad.Tr-sostfih Post. ■ ■ .-. An Ibon-clad PronT.— OaTucisaaylastthcrcJieil battery on Hewlett’s gut find onthe Tames encased our fleet under Admiral long an hour’s firing tho action ceased, with no damage to eittw contestant,