L ~!f -,~L~ + THURSDAY, AUGUST 20, 1863 We, We can take no notice of anonymous commu• nioations. We do not return rejected manuscripts. air Voluntary correspondence solicited from all parts of the world, and eapecially from our different military and naval departments, When used, it Will be paid for. irowertni Southern Argument against the RebeZlion. The masterly article transferred to our columns; from the Raleigh, N. C., Sandard, of the 31st of July last, and known to ema nate from the pen of one of the ablest states men in that Common Wealth, and to be pub lished with the sanction of Gov. VANCE himself, is one of the marked events of the times, and points.'out the road to the speedy overthrOW'or the traitor -chiefs of the great Conspiracy. We gather from this article some most significant facts. We see in it the increasing weakness of DAVIS and his associates, and the increasing boldness and courage of the true friends: of the old Union in the seceded States. We find in 'it a tremendous argu- Melt in support of the entire war policy of Mr. TAWCOtN'S Administration, considered in reference to the contrast so startlingly drawn between the moderation and resolu tion of the Federal Government, and' the. false, arrogant, and disreputable course of the authors of the, rebellion.' If the men who send forth this manifesto do so at the risk of . their lives, then is their intrepidity entitled to the'applause of all the civilized races ; and :if they speak these strong words because they know their strength with the southern people, then in deed is the boasted edifice of the Slave Power tottering irresistibly to an early and a lasting fall. And what a. rebuke this great appeal, and the statesmen making it, to the Northern sympathizers with secession, who, in their safe seclusion and in their •comfort able distance from all danget, deny or con• demn the truth so plainly and elocetently presented to the Southern people ! There is not one of the self-constituted leaders of the Northern Democracy who will not read the paper we reprint from the Raleigh Standard with shame and remorse. The Democratic masses' can now realize for themselves the baseness . of these leaders, when they behold them constantly repudiating the facts and ptinciples,so earnestly uttered by the op pressed and imperilled patriots of the South. We de - nef, of course, agree as to the mea sures hinted at in this fine article as likely to produce a peace ; but that is a point that May.well he .waived at this moment. All that we now insist upon is, that thete can be no'negetiations with the rebel con spirators or their usurping Confederacy. The first are traitors .and outlaws, and the last has always been held by the Administration and by our loyal ptiblicists as the spawn of Treason. The only persons that can ever be received as the envoys of submission to the Federal Government are those who have suffered from the cruelty of the tyrants of Slvery, and who know that their only safety and security will consist in the over throw of their oppressors, if not in the gra dual and permanent desiruction of slavery. The Republican Principle. In all the world's history there, is no in stance-of the establishment of a great and pernianent,, reptiblic. In all empires, power has passahnperceptibly from the people to the few, or has been Wrung: from .their re luctant hands..by:the violence of sudden tyranny. ,W,e . need not multiply examples ; it is sufficient to recall with what enthusiasm glory-maddened France, after her first revp lution;threly herself at,the feet Of NA.IPOLEON, `and with what ease the' second French . Re public.was betrayed by its own President. Thus, partly because history records no successful experiment of self-government on a large - scale, chiefly because of natu ral hostility to the republiCan principle, the ,advocates of limited monarchy have . for fifty years predicted the ruin of America. Englieh statesmen; especially, have prophe eied of the time when this great'Republia, an imposing but imperfect Structure, should be rent apart by the stress of Its own weight, to shock the world by its fall. In. the belief of such that trine has now come, when they behold the Union shaken: to its foundation by civil war, and all the years. of past brotherhood forgotten :in the desperation of the strife. But, because all republics have failed, it is illogical to infer that no 'republic can-suc ceed. Eighteen hundred years, ago, the seine objection might have been made to Christianity; for, previously, all religions, however pure in their intent, had become in-_ struMents of oppression and deceit. Would it have been reasonable to argue that, there fore, Christianity must become an instru ment of oppression and deceit ? On the contrary, there never was and is, in reli gion or in republicanism, any reason- to in fer the failure of the abiding principle frOm that of the transitory facts In which it was imperfectly embodied. Show to us a thousand unhappy marriages; we will not, therefore, disbelieVe in the possibility of a perfect marriage. Picture for the discou ragement of human hope a thousand ruined republics, destroyed by the folly of their own citizens, betrayed by the wickedness of their public servants, or conquered.by foreign enemies ; we ,shall not, therefore, deny our faith in _man and freedom ; we shall not cease to believe that the American experi ment of self-government,•the, latest and the noblest, is to be the successful, vindication of the sublime principle by which it lives. Bven if the' tomorrow, Republic should fall to utter ruin to:morrow, freedom would not be proved utopian; it would simply be proved that the American people were unfit to ap predate their own system of government, or that the world was yet too ignorant of its own wants to protect 'its highest good. We have recently been told that the Uni ted States is " the last and saddest example of the tendency of the modern expansive Republic to separation and civil war." An assertion vague, and showing a blindness to the plainest:facts which is very discredi table to the intellect of its author.. The re hellion is not a consequence of any centri fugal tendency Of republican institutions ; it is not an evidence that the American people • are too ignorant or passionate to govern themselves for centuries without disttutance. But it is, unmistakably, a proof that in the formation of this Republic, an element of discord was introduced, which could not fail to produce civil war, (hav ing been permitted to grow to its present strength), and which, unless.removed, must inevitably cause separation. This disco' , dant element is, the anti-democratic institu tion of slavery, upon which has been found , ed an anti-republican aristocracy. It is- not because'of the vast extent of the territory. of the Republic, of its immense population, or of its expansive- tendencies which : pro- mice to extend its dominion over the whole continent, that civil war has haPpened.' It is the result, of the " irrepressible conflict" between slavery and freedom, and no hu man power could have prevented it. The ,republican principle must not be held responsible for evils it did not pro duce: Plant" slavery and freedom side by side in a monarchy; and conflict is the certain result. The greater the intelligence, the higher the spirit of 'a 'people cursed with this element of dissension, the fiercer will be the struggle ; therefore, in America no lasting compromise was possible ;- but as surely as fire must evaporate mite'', or water extinguish fire, Slavery was destined toput its foot on the neck of Freedom, or Freedom to place Slaiery in chains. To us, this war is an assurance of the proud future of the_ American .Republic, for it demonstrates daily the fecblenets of the wicked spirit. Proof upon ~proof has been given of the tendency of the ,American people to union, for they for thirty years sacrificed their principles to maintain it. , No where in. our history is the tendency to civil war evi dent, except upon the'solitary question of slavery, nor would that have' ever been the cause of war had it been possible to ,regu late its monstrous evils, and to . provide for its gradual extinction.- For years. we thought this possible, but suddenly .and - without warning, the South taught us our error. The Republic, then, has not failed, though the clement of ruin it contained was power ful enough to destroy the strongest of em pires. Nor, had it failed, could the mo narchist have justly accused the republican principle, for the United States would then have fallen to the earth in disgrace, not that it was a Republic, but that it was not enough of a Republic ; because within it existed the pure monarchical principle—the enslavement of man by man. Thus all the world would have learned that monarchy, after all, had destroyed its enemy, and that republican ism had not again •failed from any weak ness of its own. Ours is, however, a nobler fate and, a prouder future, and the very war which threatened to destroy the nation will become the instrument of its redemption. For in this mighty struggle slavery has already received its death-blow, and America, pilrified of evil, will hereafter have no internal enemy, and republicanism no stain. We shall decide the question of man's capacity for self-government, and re publicanism shall cease to be an experi ment. "Rome was, and young Atlantis shall become The terror or the wdhder of the earth." Let her be as she IS,- . the winder ; but if the terror, still let the world dream its beau tiful dream, for Freedom is the mightiest, and her lovers shall be rewarded in the end. The : Five-Twenty Loan. No matter what captious critics at home and abroad may say about the causes which have led to the success or failure of our ar rnie,s in the conduct of ' this war, there can be no - question as to the wisdom and ability displayed in supplying its pecuniary sinews, The prowess and sagacity that have charac terized the financial arm of the Government since the commencement of thewar—how ever mortifying it may be to sympathizers at home, or unpalatable to jealous capital ists abroad—cannotfail to command the re spect and admiration of the world. , In the " five-twenty" loan, (a six-per cent. interest bearing loan, so called on ac count of its being redeeniable by the United States any time betwe s en five ,and twenty years hence, the management of which has been entrusted to the great bank ing house of JAY COORE & CO., of this city), the Treasury Department at Wash- . ington has struck the most responsive Chord in the financial heart of the Republic. The promptness and liberality 'with. which this loan is being taken by all sexes and classes throughout the loyal States, we regard as One of the grandest exhibitions of the intelligence and patriotism of our people. Through this conversion of le gal tenders into a handsomely-paying, non-taxable loan to the Government, there has been . for months a steady stream of wealth ponring'from the pockets of our peo ple into the treasury at an average•rate of half a million to a million and a half dollars per day, the conversions now teaching abont three quarters of a million daily, or nearly five millions per week. —_ And yet, great as this amount seems, when we consider the .extraordinary abun dance of money, and the unequalled attrac tiyeness, in every respect, which this loan of fers to persons having money to invest, in large or small amounts, the wonder is that the entire halance of it—which is now not very large—is not absorbed alniost instantly, andt here are no doubt thonsands of persons now procrastinating, for no particular refl.- - son, who, in less than .a fortnight after the conversions are discontinued at par, Will buy the bonds at a premium. The universal confidence felt in this loan by . men-of all parties and opinions is striking and significant. From letters constantly being received by the agent in this city, it is quite evident that, whilst, sympathizers with traitors rail at our GovernMent, they have the fullest confifience in its "promises to pa - Y." They are in this respect, to their credit - be it said, like that son in the 'icrip tm-es who, when he was told to_go to work in his' father'S - vineyard, said `''.l will not," but afterwards...e,hanged his mind and went. However these men may affect to love their "brethren in arms," the vineyard of Secession presents to them.a, barren field. From accounts; deemed rediable,,, the South ern armies are dwindling from desertions,. and it is not improbable that in a little while JEFF DAVIS, with a few - straggling sa tellites, will be left to tread the wine press alone in his anger, when of the :people none will be with him. The rebel loan abroad has met a staggering blow from which it cannot even recover under the resusci tating galvanism of "the Thunderer," and it is not surprising, therefore, to find a num ber of "eleventh-hour" patriots turning their attention towards an investment in which the true friends of the Government had the most Abounded confidence from the beginning. - The Confederate Loan. The last monetary report from England, dated August 8, represents the Confederate loan as having settled down to a discount of; 24 per cent. It may be remembered that, iihen started, with blast of trumpets loud enough to have knocked down the walls of Jericho, twenty times over, it was bulled up to a premium ofl2 per cent. The present situation of the , Confederate scrip is this : The holders, either purchasers of the scrip or persons who originally' sub Scribed for it, are under an obligation to pay ninety pounds in cash for every hundred pounds of scrip. This would be a Clear profit of ten-per cent., provided that the scrip -holders and cash payers had a certainty that their investment was safe. At this moment there has been paid,.on every nominal £lOO of scrip, the :actual sum-of £65. Therefore, there re mains tfie sum of .£25 to be further paid, to make up the promised £OO per centum, on each scrip certificate for one hundred pounds. At first, the market-price of such certificate was £l2 above its nominal value, (with the obligation ,on the purchaser or holder, of course, to paY up the sum of £9O upon it, when "called for,) but it now is £24, and has been £35, below pax. In other words, holding a bit of paper on. :which £O5 had been paid, frightened speculators had been content to lose that money, merely to'avoid paying up The - other instalment of £25. - Selling at a discount of 24, the vendor about gets out Of this obligation, and loses all that the scrip originally cost him. -. This This is not the brightest lookout for dabblers in Confederate stock. But, when people gamblrin the money-market, or any where else, they must expect to abide by the ha lard: FOr instance; Mr. ZACHARY PEAR SON; a great English shipowner and.mer chant, doing busineas at Hull,. got into a great traffic with. " the so-called Southern Confederacy," and had a little fleet em ployed in running the blockade. He owned the Peterhof', of which our readers have heard, which wa . s seized by . the United States_., Government, and " all went merry as a marriage bell," until, ene fine day, it ap 7 peared that he had been swifter than a pub lic functionary whom debtors do not like to meet—in a word, ZACHARY had "outrun the Constable," the inexorable hand of Law put its strong grasp upon him, and he was brought :up on the flat of his back, on the floor Of the Bankruptcy Court, helpless in deed, ?but spasmodically active as a lively turtle, after his captors have turned him over on the strand of the Tortugas isla.nds. PEARSON had contrived to owe $15,000,000 more than he could pay.. That amiable and vi , ealthy discounting firm, OVEREND, & Co., Lombard - Street, London, (fa mous as large subscribers, ere our war, to the Ariti-Slavery Society . of England,) thonght fit to aid Mr. Pkinsow in the risky businas - Of running the blockade,. in order to '"ahl; abet, 'and comfort" the slave oWners of the South, and find, as the result, that theJsenkrupt owes them $7,500,000 for cash advanced. When the estate is "wound up," Tit is " run down" just now,) Mr. Gun- NEY and his partners may possibly receive a dividend of five cents in the dollar. Of course, nobody pities them. The game was hazardous, they chose to play it, and they haVe lost. But it will be some time, we suspect, ere any other English house of wealth and serious character will risk seven or eight million dollars on the pretty game called "running the blockade:"- People who went into the n Confederate loan were more or leg influenced by the gambling feeling which has brOught the great Lombard-street discounters bite -grief. LrNDSAT and LAIRD; SPENCE and MollErs.:- nr, GREGORY and Roanvcx, either' did not, 'subscribe to this loan, or, having done so, to save appearances, got rid of their scrip at a premium, and greedily drew, on the mo ney that came in, for the respective amounts of their own "little bills." The persons who now hold the scrip will suffer—niany of them may be ruined. Their own securi ty, after having parted with their money, was a Confederate promise to be repaid by shipments of cotton, invoiced at such low prices that, when sold, the profits would bp within one or two hundred per cent. We never have been able to learn how the cotton was to be conveyed to Europe, and whether at the risk of the rebel Government or the individual scripholders.- , But, now that the cotton-produeing States are being hemmed in by our brave troops, now that the bubble Confederacy is about to burst, the rebel Go vernMent has issued strict orders to all its officers to burn all cotton on hand, to pre vent its being seized by, or for, the United States GovernMent. That is, the cotton which the Confederates represented was held by them as tangible security to those who subscribed to the loah, is now or dered by the Confederate Govermnent to be burned when -it cannot be safely removed. The moment this little fact is known in Ea rope the Confederate loan may be expected to dwindle down to its :full market value; of one hundred per cent. below par. The fool ish people - who parted with their money did not know, perhaps, that JEFFERSON DA.v.is, the pseudo-head of the-pseudo-Southern re public, was the champion of repudiation in Mississippi ; his- great principle - - is, that a State should borrow as much as it can, and. not pay its debts unless compelled to do so. Mr. JAMES SPENCE should have mentioned this amiable weakness in his employer's cha racter, and The Times should havepublished it. Mark the contrast between the true and the false republic. In the case of the Con federate Lohn, we find capitalists seduced by false representations to advance their money for the permanent maintenance of slavery in the Southern States, and orders given to destroy the property which is the only security these capitalists could have against loss. In the case of the United States, we see an expensive war conducted, to the approaching, issue of success, without borrowing a single dollar from, any foreign capitalist. The war has necessarily been costly, but the patriotism and the wealth of our population has advanced all the means required to carry it on. As a nation, the United States has always met all its pecu niary obligations. Were it to go into the European money market to-morrow; .and ask for a .$250,000,000 loan, at four per cent., the whole would be sitbscribed for in twenty days, and the stock would start at a premium and-so. remain. That is the difference between the mock and the real republic, and the Confederate scrip -holders know it by this time. Peisonal. Fleet Surgeon J. K FOLTZ, who has`been in the Southwest with Admiral FARRAGIIT, has arrived in this city, having returned on the Hartford with his gallant chief. He is now in this city, at his residence on the-cor ner of Broad and Cheatnut, receiving the calls of his numerous friends., He is in fine health and glorious spirits, and speaks, with -pride . and exultation of the doings of the navy in the Southwest, and, more particu larly, of the results achieved by the activity, the courage, the genius, and the patriotism of that distinguished naval chieftain, Admiral FARRAGIFT. Dr. FOLTZ has been in - the service since boyhood, and -it merely a compliment to his high skill, and no refine; tion upon those associated with him in the service, - when we say . - that he stands in the first rank of surgeons of the navy, and holds an enviable position among the.sur geons of the country. A large number of the crew of the Hartford,. now in the Northern States on a furlough, reached Philadelphia last evening: The gallant sailors were enthusiastic and public in their:;:-appreciation of the kind, con stant, And attentive care shown Ito them by. Fleet-surgeon Forrz, and affection ate- in "their - devotion to their gallant old admiral, FAIMAGITT. Dr. FOLTZ has had many opportunities of observing the temper of the people of the Boutb,.and more par ticularly of those leading the rebellion. He thinks that the victories on the Mississippi have done much to overturn- the spirit of the Southern rebellion, and that the re sistance to the Federal authority is weak and timid compared with what was seen in the beginning. All that he has observed in the Southwest, however, convinces Dr. : FOLTZ that there can be no real peace; no permanent triumph over the rebels, no re storation of the Union, no lasting peace, until slavery is destroyed and extirpated. THE LATE ROBERT WILSON, ESQ —This forenoon all that was mortal of Mr.'` Wilson, silversmith, corner of Fifth and Cherry streets, will be committed to the grave. He•has died, in his twenty-ninth year, and his family may be assured that he never dis graced the high reputation which made his name de servedly honored in this city. Mr. Wilson's grand father came hither, from Scotland, we •believe, ere the close of the last century, and founded the Mist. Dent which was carried on by the late William Wil son, Esq.- Of the gentleman whose early death we deplore, we need not say a word, --every one knew and respected him as a high-principled, honorable, genial, and liberal gentleman. To his young chil dren and their amiable mother he leaves that best legacy, the character of a good man. ' PHILADELPHIA BOOK TRADE S ALE.-WE have already announced that the sixty-first trade sale of boolcs, stationery, copper and steel plates, en gravings, stereotype plates, &c., would commence at the auction rooms of Thomas & Sons, in South Fourth street, on Tuesday; September 15. We now have the catalogue before us. It is a stout octavo of 230 pages, and contains the invoices of nei.rly ninety publishers and stationers, in all parts of the Union. There has not been a better catalogue than this for years, and we anticipate that our friend T. B. Bell, the beet of book ,auctioneers, "spread himself" thereon accordingly. As usual, the sales will be wholly without reserve. WASHINGTON. Special Despatches to The Press; WASHINGTON, August 19,1863. The _ Poet Office: Instructions were to-day issued by the Post Office Department that all mail matter deposited in' any post office, and addressed to any executive depart ment, or to any officer therein, on which the postage is unpaid, and which is not properly franked, must be forwarded to the dead.letter office. Diplomatic. Count Ni cnotas GRORGI was to-day introduced to the President by the acting Secretary of State, delivered his credentials, and was received as minik ter resident of his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, The Retaliation. _ The following is the language of Major General HALLEox to the agent for the exchange of prisoners "It is, directed that immediately on receiving official or other authentic information of the execu tion of Captain Sawyer and Captain Flynn, you will proceed to hang W. H. Lee and the other rebel officer designated as herein above directed, and that you notify Robert Ould, Esq of the said proceed ings, and assure him that the Government of the United States will proceed to retaliate for every similar barbarous violation of the laws of civilized war." Collision in the Chesapeake. The schooner Statesman, one of the Georgetown and New York packet line, with a valuable cargo, while on her way up the Chesapeake, last night, off Point Lookout, was run into by the steamer Illi nois, cutting off her bow to the water's edge, and otherwise Injuring her.. The steamer Baltimore went to her assistance, and towed her into a harbor. No lives were lost. The Political Gathering at Rochester. ROW:LESTER, Anglia 19.—The committee of the Constitutional Union Meeting is still in session here with closed doors, considering the resolutions to be adopted. Not more than a dozen delegates are here now. The committee commenced its session this even ing, with closed doom, and adopted a long series of iesolutions instead of an address, the purport of which' denounces the Abolitionists, ,Secessionists, &c., and favors the.union of all conservative men in' the next Presidential campaign.. About twenty dele gates were present. Attempted Eseape or Lieutenant Iteed;tlte• Pirate. :BosTorr, August 19.—Lieut. Reed, formerly of the pirate Taoony, now a prisoner at Port Warren, came near escaping, last night. He got out of his case. mate, and was found this morning in the grass. Three other pirates did effect their escape by float ing on a target over to LovelPh Island. They there stole a sloop boat 'of ten tone, and were to come back for their leader, but in this they failed. As the wind was southwest and fresh, they must have steered north along the Coast. Lookouts are after theni. From New Orleans. , NEW YORK, August 19.—The steamer Columbia has arrived from Drew Orleans, with dates to '.the 13th. The paperx axe barren of news, THE PRESS. - PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY, AUGUST 20, 1863. Foirrnass MONROE, August 11.---Steatner City of Richmond, Captain Kelly, sailed for Port Royal, S. C., last evening. U. S. transport steamship . S. R. Spaulding left here, this evening, for New YOrk. FORTRESS . MOIVROE, August 13 —Captain Hodg hiss, commander of the navy gunboat General Put nam, and one of his men, were killed, yesterday morning, by guerillas, on the Pasquotank river; The Captain's remains have arrived at Fortress Monroe, and will be embalmed today. U. S. steam propeller Mississippi arrived, this morning, from Boston. U. S. frigate St. Lawrence arrived at 11o'clock, to• day. She will remain here as ordnance ship. The Rev. Father Ouilet has arrived at Fortress Monroe, and is to remain at this post: lie has been with General Foster at Newborn, N. C. The U. S. transport Creole arrived to.'llay, noon, from New Orleans, but brings - no news. Two gentlemen (brothers) have just arrived here from Richmond, residents of Beaufort, North Caro lina, and left North Carolina on the last day of last May. They were arrested for being Unionists and ta ken to Richmond and incarcerated in Castle - Thunder, where they remained till the 25th of July, when they were conscripted by order of - Confederate States Attorney Aylett, (after having been relieved from their imprisonment from Castle Thunder.) When conscripted, they Were taken to Camp Lee, where they remained nine days, when they succeeded in making their escape and came down the 'Peninsula, via pamunky river, to Yorktown. They proclaimed.themSelves sworn enemies to the rebel cause from beginning to end. They report that most of the fortifications about Richmond have no guns mounted, and they saw none to mount, and the rebel forces are my limited in or about Richmond. Jenkins' brigade, only mustering 3,500 men, are sometimes in Richmond and sometimes in North Carolina, Gen. Wise is near Richmond, and has opt over 900 men in his command. Gen. Lee's men are deserting him by hundreds—co inpaniesat a time. Orders of Gen. Grant in Relation to Cotton. Cain°, August la.—General Grant has issued an order that all persons having cotton or other pro duce, not required by the army, be allowed to bring the same to any military post within the State of Mississippi, and abandon it to the agent of the Trea sury Department, to be disposed of-in accordance with the regulations of the Secretary of the Trea sury. At posts where there is no agent, the quarter- master will receive, and, at the option of the owner, hold it till orders are received from the -agent, or send it to Memphis. The 63d Massachusetts Regiment, Col. Kimball, am.l,the 23d Connecticut, arrived here to-day, enrOule for home. NEW YORK, August 19—Noon.—The draft'in the Sixth Congressional district is progressing 'quietly. There is no trouble "in any part of the city, nor Is any apprehended. Business is going on as usual, .and a general feeling of perfect security ilervades the whole community. The military arrangiMents are - most perfect - for the full maintenance of order. NEN% YORK, August 19--Evening.—The, draft, to day, has proceeded without other demonstration than jolly remarks relative to the "elected." The military arrangements, however, will continue of the most perfect char:icter, and Gen. Canby, who commands the Government forces here, is unceasing in his vigilance, remaining, with his staff,' at-head quarters day and night. It is proper to - state that througlLthe measures taken by this officer a mob could not exist one:hour either in New York city or Brooklyn. About 1,000 names - were drawn to•day. The militia are all at their armories, but will not be called upon unless private property cannot be pro tected by the police. The provost marshal and other Government officials are fully protected by de. taohments of the 37th Massachusetts and other-regi ments. S CONCORD, August 19.—The draft in the'Second district commenced to-day. Good order prevailed. The names of 572 conscripts were drawn, and among them was that of the Hon. William E. Chandler, Speaker of the House of Reprecentatives. Rebel News. MEMPHIS, August la.—The Selma (Ala.) "papers of the 12th inst. say that the subject of foreign in• tervention has ceased to be a theme of discourse. A despatch from Columbia pronounces the story f r about` ice's resignation untrue. He 11 on White' river, rlrMisas, in command of his division.' ',, • ' A espatch from Horton, Missh, August 9; says that General Logan attacked the Federals, seven hundred strong, a few days before, near Jackson, Alabaina, killing -a large number and capturing twenty, with two pieces of artillery. Fourteen hundred conscripts from West Tennessee were at Okolona awaiting arms. • There is no news of interest from Vicksburg:" *'- General Sherman's headquarters were two miles • from the Big Black, near General Osterhaus' old camp. .- - General Dodge is muchbetter. He will'probably go North to recruit his health. HANOVER (N. H.), August 19.—Professor E. D. Sanborn, of St. Lords, has bees elected professOr of oratory and Belles Lettres, and Professor Oharles'A. Young, of Hudson, Ohio, professor of mathematics, Death Or Captain Cannon. HAVRE DE GRACE, August ie.—Captain L. Cannon, of the Ist Delaware Cavalry, son ,of Go vernor Cannon, died yesterday at Bel• Air, Md.: His death was caused by fatigue and exposure incidental to hie duties. PTRiv YonK, August 16.—The United States steam. er Vanderbilt was passed July 14th going into lto de .Taneiro. The - United States steamer Mohican sailed from Rio July 16th. NEW YORE, August 19.—The 12th and 19th regi ments of lieg - ulars arrived here to-day , by steam, from Washington. , BUFFALO, August 19.—The 28th Connecticut Regi ment left for home at 8 o'clock this morning via the Central road. ROCHESTER, August - 19.-The Diocesan Conven, tion of the Protestant Episcopal Church met here this morning. There is an unusually large attend ance. ---- • - - - BOSTON, August . 19.—1 n the trot to-day between Fullinkham and Butler the first-named hors won the first, 'second, and fourth heite, Butler vi ring the third. Time-2:32, 2:28, 2:27M, and 2:30U. BOSTON, August 19.—The steamship Africa sailed at eleven o'clock to•day. She takes out $40,000 in specie, and ; LS passengers for Halifax and 63 for Liverpool. ST. Joings, N. P., August 19.—The steamer Sido was boarded this afternoon off Oape R.:3011. Sh brings Liverpool dates to the 11th, and via Queens town to the 12th inst. The steamers City 'of Limerick and City of Lon don arrived out on the - 11th inst. It was rumored that reinforcements will.be sent to the army in British North America. The American and Polish questions remained in atatu quo: The latest news via QueenstoWn states that it is generally asserted the* Prince Maximilian will ac cept the Mexican crown. The United' States corvette St. Louis sailed from Cadiz, August 2d. The London Times Jaya a rumor is current at Chat ham, that in consequence of the recent menacing news from America the Government intends send; ing additional troops to British North America. The Times says it should not be surprised if some thing arose out of the alleged proposition of Jeff' Davis to Napoleon for an offensive and defensive al liance between Mexico, under the French protec tion, and the Confederates, which would be quite consistent with the late French policy. The"' world might look with - favor on such a contingency, but absolute neutrality_would be England's poligy. The Times looks upon the election of the Arch duke Maximilian in Mexico as important, and says it will have a tendency to a union between France and. Austria, and a division between France and America. The Northerners must be incensed against Napoleon, and the Federals can hardly fail to come in collision with the new empire. The Daily News Is bitter on the French policy, and does not believe that the Archduke will accept the throne. La Patric asserts that the Archduke made the ac ceptance dependent on the consent of the Emperor of Austria. La France says that if he accepts,France and Eng land will recognize him immediately, and the other Powers will follow. The Emperor and Empress of the French cent congratulations to the Archduke. The Paris Bourse was Rat. Recites; 671.15 c. The Polish question exhibits no neiv phase, but the public opinion is for peace. It is reported that Austria sent a proposition to Russia containing a slight modification of her late note. La. France asserts that the French note• firmly maintains the claims advanced by the three Powers, but is drain up in a spirit of moderation. Engagements continue to take place between the insurgents and troops. Twenty. seven of the German princes have ac cepted the Emperor of Austria's invitation to a con ference at Frankfort. A telegram from China announces that the :Japan question has been temporarily settled. The Ameri can legation has been burned. SHIP Nmws.—Arrived from Philadelphia, ship Al lessandria tit Belfast. - , Commercial liitelligene e. I IrERPOOL. I ugnst sales of Cotton for Satur day and Monday have been 18,000 bales, at an advance of N'('‘l)Rd. The sales to speculators and exporters were 5 COO bales. The market closed firmer with an upward tendency. The advises from Manchester are favorable. Breadstuffs are .dull and unchanged. Wheat is still di alining.. Richardson'm and Wakefield's circulars quote as follows: Flour dull and nominal; Wheat heavy at a decline of ig2a; mixed Corn steady at 26s lklakia 6d. Provisions steady. Beef steady; Pork steady; Bacon firm; Lard quiet and steady; Tallow steady. " PRODUCE. --Flagar firmer: Coffee quiet and steady; -Ashes-inactive: Linseed Oil firm: common Rosin with out sales; Spirits Turpentine nominal; Petroleum sales LONDON. Angustll.—Breadetuffs easier; Wheat steady; Coffee firm; .Tea quiet and steady; Tallow quiet at 4389 AMERICAN SECURITIES.-Illinois Central - Railroad 75.%©14,4.di5c0unt ; Erie Railroad 713b072g. LIVERPOOL, August 12.'-The sales of Cotton to-day at Liverpool were 10,000 bales, including 4.000 to specula tors and exporters. The market, is, unchanged, though having en npwafd tendency. Breadstnffs inactive. Corn firmer. • LONDON. August 12.--Consols for money. NM. BAL.m.ronx,.August i9.—Flour dull ; Ohio extra $5.15@5.81,g. Wheat declined 3@sc for Kentucky. white ; Southern steady.. Corn very dull; white 82@83c. Whisky firm at dit@aMo. THE "NAVAL ,FIGHT ON THE COAST OF MAINE." —The newspapers, it seems, were somewhat sold by the report of a naval tight oft the Maine coast; Dr. Crabtree, of this .city, writes .to the Press that he witnessed the affair, and all there was of it is this : -The United States gunboat Montgomery was prac tising her guns, and.fired twenty. one in an hour and a quarter. There was no rebel craft about, unfor tunately.—Hartford Courant. THE. NATIONAL DEBT OF 'ENGLAND.—At the close of the last financial year—that is to say, on the 31st of March,JB63—the British national debt consisted of .£783,33GA39 funded debt. and ..C.16,49.5,- 400 unfunded—making . .in all ..£199,832,139. This shoWs that the debt of Great Britain is more than three and a half times larger 'than was that of the United States on the Ist of July last FORTRpg'.IIIONROE I , The Draft in New York. The Draft in New Hampshire. Prolessors Elected. Naval Altars. Arrival_ of Troops. Return ot'a - Connecticut Regiment. Episcopal Convention. The Boston Baces.- peparture of the .Africa. T.T co The Steamer Sidon Olt Cape Race. THE LITEST QUEENSTOTN. Markets py Telegraph. NORTH CAROLINA IND . THE REBE LLION. A Rentorkable Article from a:Tourism( in the Rebel States—Rerietr,of the History of the Secession Holieinent—What the Lenders Promised To Do —Whitt fr hey Have Foiled to Accomplish. The following is the remarkable article with% ap.. peered in the Raleigh (N . . C.) Standard oil July 31. It is reported to have' beerrwritten by Floe. I?. H. Donnell, speaker of the House of Commons of North Carolina,.eided by F. 13. Satterthwatte, president, the Governor's Council, and to have been published with the approvaimf Governor Vence. We publish the article, and italicize; &c., as it was printed In the Standard: TUE SIZCIESSIONISTB—TIEBIR PROMISES AND 19114 ItORMANCICS—THE CONDITION INTO WHICH Tif ICY RAVE DROUGHT THE COUNTRY-I'llB RIMEDY, ET(I. Mn. EDITOR. : There is, so far as I remember, nb war to be met with in history entirely analogous to the one Dow raging between the North and, the South. That- produced by an attempt'-on the part of three of the Swiss Cantons to separate themselves from the Confederation, a few - years since, in some re spects, resembles it moat nearly. That attempt, it will be remembered, was arrested, and the rebellious Cantons speedily reduced to submission by the arms of the Confederacy. It is frequently compared to our old Revolutionary Struggle with the mother country, but there is scarcely an analogy between the two eases. The thirteen Colonies were not like - the Southern States, equal in political rights with the other States' of the British Empire. They possessed no sovereign power whatever. They Were not, as we were, entitled to repro eentation in the common Parliament of the British Union, but were mere colonies—mere de pendencies upon the' mother country. In an evil hour the administration of George Grenville, and afterwards that of Lord North, attempted to impose a tax upon the colonies. This oppression was re sisted, and the resistance was made the pretext for other oppressions, more unjust still. The colonies continued their resistance in a constitutional way for nearly ten years, by representationg, remon strances, and petitions for the redress of grievances ; but all in vain. At- length they took up arms, with the avowed object of enforcing such redress. They solemnly disclaimed all intention of sepa ration from the parent State, for they were as loyal in their feelings of attachment to the British Constitution as were the inhabitants of. Surrey or Cornwall. This resolute step they confidently expected would procure the desired re dress ; but the advice of all the ablest states men at that age—of Chatham, of Camden, of Burke, of Fox, of Rockingham, and others—was thrown away upon the narrow. minded monarch and the bigoted ministry which then 'swayed the destinies of the British Empire. Still in hope, they continued the struggle for one whole year. At length the British Parliament declared the colonies out of the protection of the parent State.' -And. then, at last, no other course was left them but to proclaim their. independence and defend it, if need he, with their life's blood. The battle of Lexington was fought on the 19th of April, 1775, and on the 12th of April, 1776, the Provincial Congress of North Carolina "empow ered their delegates in Congress to concur with the delegates* of the:other_ colonies in declaring inde pendence and forming foreign alliances ;" and onthe 16th of the following month Virginia, through her Convention, instructed her delegates in the Conti nental Congress " to propose to that body to declare the United Colonies free and independent States, ab solved from all allegiance to, or dependence on, the Crown or Parliament of Great Britain." and on the 4th of July following the ever-memorable Declara tion was made. But how different has been the course 'Of the Seces rioniats ! They seem to have resolved. years ago, that the Union should be destroyed, and then to have set themselves to work to forge such grievances as would seem to give them a decent pretext for the ac complishment of their premeditated schemes. The first effort was made in the days of nullification by the Secessionists of South Carolina. The grievance then complained of was the tariff; although the State of South Carolina, herself, had been from the founda tion of the Government nearly up to thatperiod, as strong an advocate of a high tariff as any State in New England. That question was compromised —South Carolina obtained all that she ostensibly de manded. A revenue tariff, with incidental protec tion, became the settled policy of the Government, and, except for a short period under the tariff of 1842, was never departed from. But still they were not satisfied. Immediately after Passage of Mr. Clay's Compromise bill, the - newspaper organ of the Feccesioniats at Washington declared "that the South could never Abe united on the tariff question, and that the slave question was the only one that could unite them." And Mr. Calhoun, if I mistake not, said the same thing in a speech at Abbeville, in South Carolina, about the same time nand, of course, was followed by all the lesser lights among his adhe rents. Then commenced that violent agitation of the slavery question which had nearly' culminated upon the admission of California, in ISSO. Again, by the efforts of those immortal statesmen of the last age, Messrs. Webster, Clay, and others, was the matter compromised. The - whole country at first appeared to be satisfied with the settlement, but it soon- appeared that there were a number of restless spirits among the extremists of the South, that would-be satisfied with nothing short of a disso lution of the Union. Of this class of politicians W. L. Yancey may be fitly selected as representative man. He immediately began to agitate the - question again. He went to the Democratic National Con vention at Baltimore, in 1852, as a delegate froth' - the State of Alabama, and there proposed as the ultima tum on which he could continue. to act with the De mocratic party, and upon which, in his opinion, the slave States could consent to remain in the Union, that the doctrine of non-intervention by Congress in regard to slavery in the Territories should be in corporated in the Democratic platform. In this he failed, and therefore did not support.the nominee of the Convention, Mr. Pierce. He could not, how ever, at that time. succeed in creating a great schism in the Democratic party, so great had been the calm which the Compromise measures of 1856 bad produced. 1856 he again went as a delegate from the State of. Alabama to the Cincinnati Con vention, with his old ultimatum in his pocket. Con trary to his wishes and expectations, it was incorpo rated into the Cincinnati platform, and being thus left without an excuse, he supported Mr. Buchanan for the Presidency in the fall of that year. In the meantime, however, that fatal measure, the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, had been consummated. It was brought about by the extremists of the South, aided by, a few partisan Democrats -at the North. The avowed object of its author was to open to :slavery the Territories north of the Missouri Coin promise line, notwithstanding the agreement of 1520, that said line should forever divide the Territories between the slave and free States. It is said, how ever, that the Compromise of 1820 was unconstitu tional, but what is that to 'the purpose? It was a most solemn compact between the two sections of the country, made for• the settlement of a most per .plexing question, and without- any reference to its constitutionality, should have been regarded as an organic law, and observed as sacredly as the Consti tution itself. _ . . . The effect of this measure was great and rapid, and there can he hnt little doubt that it was such as a majority of its authors contemplated. The result was the formation of a great party at the North op posed to the further extension of slavery, and which party very nearly succeeded in electing their candi date for' the Presidency, Mr. Fremont, in 1856. After the election, this party seemed to be on the wane, until the antl•slavery spirit of the whole North was aroused to madness by an attempt-on the part of Mr. Buchartan'a Administration to force the Lecompton Constitution, with slavery, upon the people of Kansas, in opposition to the known and ex pressed wish of three-fourths of them. But for this most unjustifiable measure, the Republican party would undoubtedly have dwindled down to moderate proportions; and even after this, it is doubtful it they could have succeeded in the Presidential election of 1860, if the Secessionists. with Yancey at their head, had not determined that they should succeed. After Mr. Yancey and his party had, against their wishes, succeeded in getting their ultimatum of nomhoterven lion incorporated into the Cincinnati platform, they wentt work to conjure up another totresent to the Charl- rn Convention. Abandoning their doc trine t inon• intervention, .they went : to the op posite xtreme and demanded that the inter vention of Congress for the protection of slavery in the Territories should constitute a part of the Charleston platform. This demand . they well knew would not he content . d with, nor did they de sire that it should be. Their object was to procure the secession of the delegates of the cotton States from the Convention, and hus by defeating the nomi nation of Mr. Douglas, and rending asunder the De mocratic- party, to insure the electiop of Mr. Lin coln, and thereby forge for themselves a grievance which would seem torustify them in the execution of the long.meditated designs of destroying the Union. All of this they accomplished. and the elec tion of Mr. Lincoln was perhaps hailed with greater joy at Charleston than at New York. I will do them the justice to state that they also claimed to have some other grievances ; among them, 'that some of the Northern States by their statutes obstructed the execution of the fugitive slave law, but the only States that could:complain much on that score were willing to remain in the Union, while South. Carolina, the State which set the ball in -motion, ,perhaps never lost a slave. , But it must be borne in mind that no act of the. National Government constituted any part of their grievances. They did not pretend that any net of Congress infringed their rights, and the decisions of the Supreme Court were mainly such as they would themselves have made. Nay, even at the very time of Mr. Lincoln's inauguration, if the Cotton States had allowed their senators and representatives to remain, they would have had a decided majority in both Houses of Con gress in favor of the extension of slavery, and in opposition to the policy of the party which erected The great cause of complaint wasi;that a man op posed to the extension of slavery in - .the Territories had been elected President of the United States, ac cording to the forms of the. Constitution which he was sworn to defend and protect, and who disclaimed any other than constitutional means in the accomplish ment of his objects. Under such circumstances it seems that if they had labored under any real griev ance, their course was plain. They should have taken the course of our Revolutionary - fathers. When the States assembled in Convention, instead of proceeding at once to declare their independence —for the idea of secession,. peaceable of rigid, seems, as Publius says, to have exploded and given up the ghost—they should clearly and concisely.have stated what their g rievances were, and demanded redress in respectful, yet firm anti decided terms. They should have exhausted every constitutional means of obtain ing guarantees—if any were needed—by representa tion, by remonstrance, by petition ; and, failing in all these, they should have done as our Revolutionary sires did; i. e. fight in the 'Union for th - eir rights until they were driven out of it. Such a course would have procured for us, as it did for our fathers, the respect, the sympathy, and the assistance of other nations, Instead of that, 'we have not a friend in Europe. But such was not the course which these—in their own estimation—wise statesmen chose to pursue. When such a course was suggested or recommended to them; they evaded it bye long list of magnificent promises, which looked so splendid as almost to daz zle the mind with their brilliancy. - First and foremost, they promised that secession should be peaceable. . Sccondly. They, promised that if perchance war should ensue, it would -be a very short war; that it would riot last six months—that-the Yankees would not fight—that one Southerner could whip from ten to one hundred of them—that England and France would speedily recognize us, and render us every assistance we might desire—that whatever might be their abstract opinions .of the subject of slavery, their interests would Impel them to promote its perpetuity in the Southern States ; that if, after all, they should not be disposed- to assist us,' Colton was King, and would soon bring all the crowned heads of Europe on their knees in supplication to us; would compel them. to raise - the blockade—should one he established—in thirty days. in sixty days, in ninety days, in one hundred and twenty days. in six months, in nine months, in one year at furthest. Thirdly. They promised us that all the slave States, except Delaware, would join the Southern Confede racy ; that slavery should not only be perpetuated in the States, but that it should be extended into all the Territories in which the negro could live ; that all the grievances occasioned by the non-execution of the fugitive-slave law should be speedily re dressed ; that slave property shou d be established upon a basis as safe as that of landed property. Fourthly.'- They promised us that the new Govern ment should be a mere Confederacy of States, of ab solute sovereignty, and equal rights ; that the States should be tyrannized over by no such "central despot ism', as the old Government at Washington; that the glorious doctrine of State rights and nullification, as taught by Mr. Jefferson and. Mr:Calhoun, should. prevail in the new Confederacy.; that the sovereignty of the States and their judicial decisions should be sacredly respected. - - - Fifthly. They promised us the early and perma nent establishment of the wealthiest and best-Go vernment on the earth, whose credit should be better than that .of any _other-- nation ; whose prosperity and happinese should be the envy of the civilized 'And,lastly, they promised us that if war should en aue„: they would go to the battle-field and spill, if ne cessary, the last drop of their blood in the cause of their beloved South. While such have been their promises, what have been their Serformances? Instead of secession being peaceable, - is they promiskd that - it would, it has given.rise to Bush a war as has never before desolated any country aince the barbarians of the North over-- ran the Roman-Empire. , - So far froin the war's ending in six months, as they maid it would, should it ensue, it has already lasted more than two years ; and, if their policy is to be pur-• sued, it will last more than two years longer; and, - notwithstanding-their predictions, theliankees have fought on many occasions with , a spirit and determi nation worthy of their ancestors of the Revolution—. worthy of the descendants those austere old Purt. tans, whose heroic Writ and - religions zeal made Oliver Cromwell's army the terror of the civilized world—or of those French Huguenots, " who, thrice in the sixteenth century, contended with heroic spirit 'and various fortunes against all the genius of the house of Loraine, and all the power of the house of Valois." England and France have not recognized us—have not raised the blockade—have not shown us any sympathy, nor is there any probe flinty that they ever Will, and that cotton is not king Is now universally acknowledged. And Maryland has not joined the Confederacy, nor has Kentucky nor Missouri ever really been with us. Slavery has not only not been perpetuated in the States, nor ex funded Into the Territories, but Missouri has passed rut net of emancipation, and Maryland Iv ready to do on rather then give up her place in the Union, and the lot hope of obtaining one foot of the Territories for the purpose of extending slavery has departed frnM the OnntedOraey forever. The grievances amused by the failure of some of the Northern States to execute the fugitive-slave law have not only not been remedied, but more slaves have been lost to the Mouth forever since secession was inaugu- Wed than would have escaped from their masters in the Unlen in live centuries. And how have they kept their promises that' they would respect the sovereignty and rights' Of the Statesl Whatever the Uovernment may be In theory, in filet we have a grand military ranitatidtalon, which almost entirely ignores the existence of the States, and disregards the decisione of their highest Judicial tribunals. The great central despotism at Washington, as they were, pleased to call it, was at any time previous to the commencement of the Secession movement, and even to some time after It haul commenced, a most mild and beneficent Government compared with the central despotism at Richmond, under which we are now living. Instead of an early and permanent establishment of the "wealthiest and beet Government in the world, with unbounded credit," what have we got 7 In spite of all the victories , which they profess to have obtained over the Yankees, they have lost the States of Missouri, Kentucky, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi,