THE PBESS,
PUBLISHED DAILY (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED).
f “BY JOHN W. POBNEY.'
OFFICE, No. 11l SOUTH FOURTH STREET!
THE DAILY PRESS,
' Fifteex Cents Pek Week, payable to the Carrier!
•Hailed to Subscribers out of .the City at Seven Dollaks
Per Annum, Theee Dollaks and Fifty Cents for Six
'Months, One Dollar, and Seventt-fivb Cents for
,Three Months invariably iu advance for the time or
dered. . : " '
- JtSiT Advertisements inserted at the usual rates. Six
JUnes consUtute a square.
THE TRI-WEEKLY PRESS,
Mailed, to subscribers out of the Citv at Four Dollars
Pfiß' AHNDH, in advance; ~ ■
WATCHES AMD JEWELRY.
*<3o2 chestnut street,
IB TAB CHEAPEST PLACE IN THE CITY TO BUY
«OLB or PLATED JEWELRY, SILVER-PLATED
WARE, PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, POCKET-BOOKS,
TRAVELLING BAGS, &c.
Gall and examine our stock before purchasing else
where.
The following 1b a partial "list of goods which we ara
•celling from 20 to 100 per cent.-less than, at any other es
tablishment inthe city:
1 • ICE PITCHERS.
STROP PITCHERS.
CREAM PITCHERS.
SUGAR BOWLS.
BUTTER COOLERS.
80BLETS.
DPS; 5
CASTORS.
. • ' WALTERS.
' CAKE BASKETS.
tARD BASKETS.
ALT STANDS.
TOBACCO BOXES.
NAPKIN RINGS.
FKUiT KNIVES.
. TABLE SPOONS.
DESSERTSPOONS.
. TEA' SPOONS. •
.SUGAR-SPOONS;
:BALT SPOONS.
©INNER and TEA PORKS.
ABUTTER'KNIVES.
•OYSTER-LADLES.
•Gravy ladles.
.♦SETS in great variety,
bracelets.
'BREAST PINS.
r «CHATALAINE CHAINS.
OUARD CHAINS.
MEDALLIONS.
•CHARMS. ' .
THIMBLES.
SINGS.
■GOLD PENS.
> GOLD PENCILS.
GOLD TOOTH PICKS. • :
GENTS’ PINS, beautiful styles*
GENTS’ CHAINS, “ fl
&)EEVE BUTTONS, f 4 "
STUDS.
ARMLETS.
V > ■ NECK CHAINB. • * * - -n - ,
POCKET-BOOKS.
TRAVELLING BAGS.
ALBUMS.
CIGAR CASES.
CARD CASES, &c. ♦*
-early and examine the largest and cheapest stock
goodß in the city.
D. W. CLARK’S,;
60» CHESTNUT STREET.
Batches i watches i
AMERICAN WATCH COMPANY.
-GOLD AND SILVER WATCHES.
COMPACT’S SALESROOM
■SOUTHEAST CORNER EIGHTH AND CHESTNUT ST.
I: B. MAKTER,
: • * ; AGENT. ;
: These watches have now been in use over twelve years,
-and, for •; •;
ACCURACY, DURABILITY, AND RELIABILITY,
in every conceivable manner, have proved themselves
'to be the most satisfactory time-pieces ever offered to the
public. - . .
This result has been brought about by a strict appli
■cation of mechanical science to the construction of the
watch from its inception, rendering it, when
■finished,. . .
IVLATHEMATIOAI<IjY CORRECT
..'in all . its proportions, and necessarily as perfect a time-
Vkeopcr as it is possible to make.
• . The Company-have tested their Watches, In many in
-stances, by actual daily noting, and the result of this
•test has been that they have exhibited a rate eo.ual in
•regularity to the best marine,chronometer.
. We invite attention to the
; - LADIES’ WATCHES,
finished,, and thinner than any we have
‘heretofore produced, with several improvements calcu
lated to.secure the greatest accurady of performance, and
■4O prevent the usual accidents and derangements to
which foreign watches are liable. . myls-l.ro.
WATCHES, '
JUST RECEIVED PER STEAMER EUROPA.
GOLD WATCHES,
LADIES’ SIZES, OP NEW STYLES.
SILVER ANCKES AND CYLINDRES. '
• GILT ANCRES AND CYLINDRES.
PLATED ANCBES AND OYLINDRKS.
Tor Sale at Low Sates to the Trade, by
D. T. PRATT,
60T CHESTNUT STBEET. ‘
jRi F INK WATCH REPAIRING
cdßflf. attended to, by the most experienced workmen,
and every watch warranted for one year. -
YPULCANITE JEWELRY—JUST RE
■ , ceived, a handsome assortment of Chatelain and'
Vest Chains, Pine,.Pencils, &c., and for sale at very low
prices. . ■ ~G.• RUSSEUi,'—^
ap2s-tf SJ3 North SIXTH Street..
GENTS’ FURNISHING GOODS;
•606. AEOH ™ ET - 606.
FINE SHIRT AND WRAPPER DEPOT.
■ AN EI.KCIAKT ABSOIITHENT OP.
BENTS’ FURNISHING GOODS,
i,' AT MODERATE PRICES. : '■
FOUR PREMIUMS AWARDED FOR. ■>
r SHIRTS; WRAPPERS. AND STOCKS.
Q. A. HOFFMANN,
Successor to W. W. KNIGHT.
• »p6-mws3m . 606 ARCH STREET. 606.
1 AND 3 N. SIXTH STREET.
PHILADELPHIA.
JOHN: C. ARRIS ON,
(fOBMEKLT J. BUBS’hOORN.)
IMPORTER AND DEALER IN
' GENTLEMEN’S FURNISHING GOODS,
. V . ’ ! • . also; ''. ■
: MANUFACTURER ,
OF THE IMPROVED
' PATTERN SHJRT.
: These SHIRTS are cat by measurement, so that all the
t parte exactly fit each other. They eurpase all other
s-Shirts • for neatness of fit on the breast, comfort in the
•-neck, and ease on the shoulder.
’ SATISFACTION GUARANTIED. . . my7-tf
-- . i ■ • - ’ ■
WINE SHIRT- MANUFACTORY.
■ The subscriber would invite attention to hi*
■ , IMPROVED CUT OP SHIRTS,. '
'Which he makes a specialty in his business. Also, con
'"•fcantly receiving,
NOVELTIES FOB GENTLEMEN’S WEAR.
J. W. SCOTT,"
GENTLEMEN’S BURNISHING STORE,
: No. 814 CHESTNUT STREET, > .
- jaM-tf ; Four doors below the Continental.
GAS FIXTURES, Arc.
*517 AEOH STREET.
O. Al VANKIRK <& OO.J
HANTTPAOTURERS OF
'* *, CHANDELIERS
* AND OTHER i
GAS'FIXTURES. ,
. Also,French Bronze Figures and Ornaments,Porcelain
*and Mica Shade*, and a variety of J
' FANCY GOODS,
WHOLESALE’AND RETAIL.
Please call and examine goods. delS-ly
FURNITURE, &c.
U R N ITU K E .
A LARGE -ASSORTMENT,
W. * J. ALLEN * BROTHER,
, mh9-3m .
CABINET FURNITURE AND BIL
- LIARD TABLES,
\ MOORE * CAMPION,
Ho. 361'Soati SECOHD Street.
*
*Jzi‘connection with their extensive Cabinet business, are
tbow manufacturing a superior article of
BILLIARD TABLES,
, 'andhave now onhand a full supply,, finished withthe'
i, - MOORE A CAMPION’S IMPROVED CUSHIONS,'-*-
.whlohare pronoanced by allwho have need tliein to be
-superior to all others.
. For the quality and finish of these Tablet, themanu
.facturers refer to tboir numorone patrons throughout tbe
onion, .who-are familiar with the character of their
-"rh. -■ . mh9-6m
oo l .
AO.OOO lbß. Fleece and Tub, Pennsylvania and Ohio,
•choice, m condition. ’
* 40.CC0 lbs. Canada and Western Fleece, light and clean,
SHEEP PELTS.
<6O bundles Dry Western,
a- -WOOLEN YARNS.
20 to Sicuts :flne, of superior makes, for Linseve Dol
toetß, Shawls, Hosiery, Ac., Ac. • ‘
COTTON YARNS.
standard makes, all numbers and description.
ALEX. WHILLDIN * SONS,
18 NORTH FRONT STREET.
tnyll-mwftf- - •- .
fi2s GOLDTHORP ffi CO.. fiOA
Manufacturers of 7 U/Q«
G»u* C a« “ 4
. Picture and Photograph Tassels, Blind Trimmingn ■
Military and Dress Trimglngs.Rtbbons, Neck Ties,
: , Ho. MS UtDB Street. '
“FS-fta - - Philadelphia,
G. BUSSELL,
aa North SIXTH Street.
1309 CHESTNUT STREET.
VOL. 6—NO. 247.
CARPETS AND OIL-CLOTHS.
Q.LEN ECHO MILLS,
M’OALLUM A OO.;
MANUFACTURERS, IMPORTERS. AND DEALERS.
809 CHESTNUT STREET,
(Opposite Independence Hall.)
oARPET I N G Sj
OIL CLOTHS, A*.
We have new on hand an extensive stock ol GARFBTa
I*oB, of our own and other makee, to which wo call
the attention of .ash and short-time buyer,. fa4t-Sm
JUST RECEIVED,
3,00 0 BO LIB
CANTON mattings;
To which we invite the attention of the trade.
M’OALLUM A 00.,
NO. 509 CHESTNUT STREET,
QIL GLOTHS AND
WINDOW SHADES.
CARRIAGE, TABLE, STAIR, AND FLOOR
GIL CLOTHS,
IN COTTON AND LINEN FABRICS,
quality and style unsurpassed.
WINDOW SHADES,
COMPRISING EVERY VARIETY OF-NEW AND ORI
GINAL DESIGNS. PLAIN and ORNAMENTAL.
These Hoods wiH be sold to Dealers and Manufacturer,
at Prices much below the present price of stock.
THOMAS POTTER,
MANUFACTURER OF OIL CLOTHS AND
WINDOW SHADES,
a*9 ARCH Street, Philadelphia, and
*» CEDAR and 95 LIBERTY Streets, New York.
myl2-2m ’■ ~ :
E M O V A Xj .
J. T. DELACROIX,
bus removed Ms
STOCK OF CARPETINGS,
From 47 South FOURTH Street, to his
NEW STORE,
No. 37 SOUTH SECOND STREET,
Where he offers to his old customers, and purchaser!
generally, a LARGE AND DESIRABLE STOCK OF •
CARPETINGS,
of all grades, and best known makes.
OIL CLOTHS, MATTINGS, AND WINDOW SHADES,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
AT THE LOWEST PRICES.
j. t. Delacroix,
Mo. 87 SOUTH SECOND STREET, above Chestnut.
YARNS, BATTING. & WADDING.
A. H. FRANOISCUS*
No. 433 MARKET,
No. 6 NORTH FIFTH STREET,
Haa In (tore the largest stock in this City of
YARNS, . BATTING, WADDING,
yarns) .batting, WADDING,
YARNS, BATTING, WADDING,
YARNS, BATTING,- WADDING,
YARNS, BATTING, WADDING,
YARNS, BATTING, WADDING,
Cotton Batting, Wadding,
Carpet Chain, Cotton Yarn,
. Twines, Wiching, Ropes, &c.
Goods Sold at-Lowest Cash Prices.
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE.
A. H. FRANCISOUSj
183 MARKET, and 5 North FIFTH Street,
Calls the attention of dealers to his
IMMENSE STOCK -
OF
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE,
WOODEN AND WILEOW WARE,
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE,,
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE,
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE,
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE,
• WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE, .
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE,
WOODEN AND WILLOW WARE,
WOODEN AND/ WILLOW WARE,
: BUCKETS, TUBS, CHURNS,
BRUSHES, BASKETS, BROOMS.
LOO'KING-GLABSES,
TABLE AND FLOOR OIL-CLOTHS,
WINDOW-SHADES, v
CLOCKS,
FANGY BASKETS, dliO. ,
A LARGER STOCK OF THE ABOVE GOODS THA*
ANY.OTHER HOUSE IN THE COUNTRY.
CLOTHES WRINGERS.
THE GREAT CLOTHES WRINGER.
M PUTNAM
«SELF-ADJUSTING CLOTHES WHINGER"
Is warranted to be superior to any other in nee.
BVEBY FAMILY SHOULD POSSESS A
1 CLOTHES' WRINGER
BECAUSE,
' Ist, It is a relief to the hardest part of washing day.
2d; .It enables the washing to be done in one-third leas
time.
3d. It saves clothes from the injury always given by
iwiflting.'
4th. It helps to wash the clothes as well as dry them.
WE BELIEVE IT ADVISABLE TO PROGUBJB ‘ :
THE -
PUTNAM SELF-ADJUSTING GLOTHBS WRINGER,
PUTNAM SELF-ADJUSTING CLOTHES WRINGER;
PUTNAM "SELF-ADJUSTING CLOTHES WRINGER,
PUTNAM* SELF-ADJUSTING CLOTHES WRINGEB,
PUTNAM SELF-ADJUSTING CLOTHES WRINGEB,
PUTNAM SELF-ADJUSTING CLOTHES WRINQSB*
BECAUSE.
Fibbt. The rolls, being of vulcanized rubber, will
bear hot and cold water, and will neither break nor tear
offbuttons. -
Second. The frame being of iron, thoroughly galva
tized, all danger from rust is removed, and the liability’
to shrink, swell, Bplit, &c., so unavoidable in wooden
machines, isprevented.
Third. The spiral springs over the rolls render this
'machine self-adjusting,, so that small and large articles*
u well as articles uneven in thickness, are certain to
receive uniform pressure. - .
■ Fourth. The patent fastening by whioh the machine
■ tightened to the'tub,/webeiieve to he superior in sim
plicity and efficiency any yet offered.
Fifth. It will fit any tab* round' or square, from one
half to one-and-a-quarter Inches in thickness, without
he least alteration.
BLETAIL PRICE :
No. 1, a5... .......N0. 2, 83.50..;...Letter "A,” 88.
4SB“ Agents wanted in every county.
Sellable and energetic men will be liberally dealt
With.,
For sale at the
•‘WOODENWARE ESTABLISHMENT”
OF
A. H. FRANOISOTJS,
No. 433 MARKET St. and No. 3 North FIFTH St.
mh2S-2m V Wholesale Agent far Pennsylvania.
BONDS AND SHADES.
B LIN D'S AND SHADES.
B . J . WILLIAMS*
NO. 10 NORTH SIXTH STREET,
MANUFACTURER OF
VENETIAN BLINDS
AND ' ,
WINDOW SHADES.
M* The Largest and Finest Assortment In the city, at
the Lowest Prices. '-Blinds Painted and Trimmed- efinal
to new.- .Store Shades Made and Lettered. / ap6-2m
DURGUNDY PORT.—I7S QUARTER
’J/ ■. Casks ust received per ship* “ Laura. ” for sale in
bond, by CHAR. S. A JAS. CARSTAIBS,
*m wo wawtot*l xjtsMfisaftNsW
GERMANTOWN. PA.
PHILADELPHIA.
CLOTHING.
JOHN KELLY, JR,
TAILOE,
HAS BEHOVED F80M1022 CHESTNUT STREET.
EDWARD P. KELLY'S,
112 Booth. THIRD Street.
Where he presents to former patrons and the public
the advantages of a STOCK OF GOODS, equal if not su
perforate any in the city—the skill and taste of himself
and EDWARD P. KELLY, the two beet Tailors of the
•ity—at prices much lower than any other first-class esta
blishment of the city. ' apl-tf
Fine Clothing,
for...
Spring 1 end Summer*
WANAIHAKER & BROW
S. E. cor- 6th & Market.
Hedium and Common
GRADE 8,
Cut and Made In
Faultlouable Style
SOLD AT LOW PRICES.
T> LACK CASS. PANTS, $5.50,
-O At 784 MARKET Street.
BLACK CASS. PANTS. *5.150, At 704 MARKET Street.
BLACK CASS. PANTS, *5.60, At 704 MARKET Street
BLACK CASS. PANTS, *5.50. At 704 MARKET Street.
BLACK CASS. PANTS. $5.60. At 704 MARKET Street.
GRIGG & -VAN GUNTEN’S,. No. 704 MARKET Street
GRIGG A VAN GUNTEN’S, No. 704 MARKET Street
GEIGG & VAN GUNTEN’S, No. 704 MARKET Street.
GRIGG fc VAN GUNTEN’S. No. 7M MARKET Street.
GRIGG & VAN GUNTEN’S, No. 704 MARKET Street
mh22-6m
SPRING MILLINERY.
MILLINERY GOODS:
M. BERNHEIM,
No. 736 CHESTNUT- STREET,
Has just Received
DRAB, BUFF, AND
WHITE RIBBONS,
IN ALL WIDTHS
DRAB, CUFF, AND
’ a
WHITE-ENGLISH CRitPE.
BONNET SILKS TO MATCH;
A FRESH LIKE OF FRENCH FLOWERS.
CALL AT
No. 726-CHESTNUT STREET,
1863 B P B I N G
WOOD & OAKY.
No. 725 CHESTNUT STREET,
Have now In store a complete stock of
STRAW AND MILLINERY GOODS,
INCLUDING
BTBAW HATS AND BONNETS.
MISSES* AND CHILDREN’S STRAW GOODS..
FANCY AND CRAPE BONNETS.
FRENCH FLOWERS. RIBBONS, Ac.
To which they respectfully invite the attention of Mer
chants and Milliner*.
CASH BUYERS will find special advantage in examin
ing this stock before purchasing. mh7-3m
41. STRAW GOODS, 1863.
: FRENCH FLOWERS,
LACES AND RIBBONS,
OF THE LATEST FASHIONS,
JUST OPENED
THOS. KENNEDY & BBO.’S,
No. T»0 CHESTNUT Street below EIGHTH.
ap3-2m
SPRING 1863.
BROOKS & ROSENHEIM,
(Late Rosenheim, Brooks, & Co. >,
*O. 431 MARKET STREET, North Side,
Have now' open, and are daily making additions thereto.
A HANDSOUB VABIETT OF
RIBBONS, BONNETS,
'MISSES’ AND CHILDREN’S HATS, FLOWERS,
MILLINERY GOODS IK GENERAL,
to which the attention of the trade is respectfully soli
cited. . . ■• • ■ ‘ , mh23-2m
MI L LI N E R Y
AND
STRAW GOODS.
JOSEPH HAMBURGER.
as South SECOND Street,
Has now open alarge stock of Ribbouß, Artificial Flowers,
Ac. ,' to which he respectfully invites the attention of
Milliners and Merchants. Goods received daily from
New York auctions. -.mh29-2m*
DRUGS AND GHEMICAIS,
ROBERT SHOEMAKER & CO.,
Northeast Corner FOURTH and BAGS Streets*
PHILADELPHIA,
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC
WINDOW AND PLATE GLASS,
MAHUPAOTUREKS 07
WHITE LEAD AND ZINC PAINTS, PUTTT. &0.1
ROBOTS FOR THE CELEBRATED
FRENCH ZINC PAINTS.
Dealer! and consumers supplied at
. ■. VERY LOW PRICES FOR CASH,
mna-sm
Q.EORGE A. MILLER & 00.,
506 MARKET STREET,
PHILADELPHIA,
WHOLESALE DEALBBS IH
X> B TJ a s,
MEDICINES, CHEMICALS; "
PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES;
WINDOW AND HOLLOW GLASS WAKE,
Special attention given to the wants of the Gitr Trade.
ap2l-lm . - .
SEWING MACHINES.
gEWING MACHINES.
THE " SLOAT” MACHINE,
WITH GLASS PREBSER FOOT,
NEW STYLE HEMMEB, BRAIDER,
and other valnahle improvements.
ALSO.
THE TAGGART & FARR MACHINES.
Agency—933 CHESTNUT Street. ' . nftB-tf
FOR THE SALE OF
UNITED,.
STATES TAX
STAMPS,
No. 57 South. THIRD Street* first door above Chestnut.
A fall supply of all kinds of TAX STAMPS constantly
on hand, and for sale in Quantities to suit.
A liberal discount allowed on amounts of $5O and up
wards.
Orders by Vail promptly attended to.
Ofilce Hours from 9 A. M. to 5 P." M.
JACOB E.„RIDGWAY,
'dtf-tielQ Street,
PHILADELPHIA, WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1863.
%\ t ft
WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1863.
DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
The Port Gibson Victory Congratulatory
Order from Gen. Grant* >
Headquarters army op .the Tennessee,
in the Field, Harkinson’s Ferry, May 7.
Soldiers .or the Army off' Tennessee.: Once
more I thank you for adding another victory to the
long list of those previously won by your valor and
endurance. The triumph gained over,the enemy
near Fort Gibson, on the first, was one of the most
important of the war. The capture of five cannon
and more than 1,000 prisoners, the possession of
Grand Gulf, and a‘ firm foothold on the highlands be..
tween the Big Black and Bayou Pierre, from whence
we threaten the whole line of.the enemy, are among
the fruits of thiß brilliant achievement.
The march from Milliken’s Bend to the point op
posite Grand Gulf was made in weather,
oyer the worst of roads. Bridges and ferries had to
be constructed. Moving by night as welLas by day,
with labor incessant, and extraordinary privations
endured by men and officers, such as have been rare
ly paralleled in any campaign, - not a murmur or
complaint has been uttered. A feiy l days' continu
ance of the same zeal and constapoy will secure to
this army crowning victories over the rebellion. „ :
More difficulties and.privations are before us 5 let"
us endure them manfully. Other battleß are to be
fought; let us fight them bravely. A grateful coun
try will rejoice at our success, and history will re-'
cord it with immortal honor. U. S. GRANT,
- Major General Commanding.
MISSISSIPPI SQUADRON.
Tlie Victory on Grand Gulf—Porter’s Ad*
I take this occasion to thank the officers and men
engaged in the attack on the forte at Grand Gulf for
the unflinching gallantry 'displayed in that affair. :
Never has there been bo long and steady a fight.
against forts Eo well and ably commanded, yet at the
end of five and a half hours.the guns.were silenced,
four or five dismounted, (aB we learn byJdeeerterß,)
another commanding officer and his aid killed..
- We have met losses which we cannot but deplore;
still we should not regret the death of those who
died so nobly at their guns; Officers and men: Let
us always be ready to sacrifice-when duty
requires it. Those who have shared
ment of the 29 th of April may always speak oHt '
witlf honest pride. It is not'our fatfit "that the'
enemy’s guns and munitions of war-are notin' our
handß—ourß is the duty to silence batteries—it ■ can
not be expected that we shall land and take posses
sion. DAVID D. DORTER, ,
Acting Rear Admiral Commanding'Mias. Squadron.
' Below G-rakd Gulp, May 3, 1863.
The Case of Mr. Vallaudigham.
JUDGE LEAVITT’S REFUSAL TO GRANT THE WRIT
OF -HABEAS CORPUS—AN IMPORTANT DECISION
ON MARTIAL AND CIVIL LAW. .
[From the Cincinnati Daily Times. >
The decißion on the application lor a writ of habeas
corpuß wafl delivered by Judge Leavitt this morn
ing. We have not room to publish, it in full, which
we should otherwise be glad to db, bb it is an able
document, and one which will be universally read.
' After a general statement of the case, which need
not be repeated here, as all the particulars are -fa
miliar to our readers, the judge remarked that the
doctrine was well established mat the writ could not ;
issue, of course, but only on sufficient cause shown.
He then referred to the Rupert case, decided in the
same court in October, 1862, which was sub--,
stantiftlly the same as the present, in which the writ
•was disallowed. That was made with/ concur
rence of Judge Swayne, and he could not
verse it if be would. The fact that Rupert was a
public man did not change the aspect of the case.
The ground for the application was that Mr. Yal
landignam was not in the military or naval service,
and waß consequently not amenable to the military
authority; and the constitutional provisions for the
protection of liberty were read by counsel, and com
mented upon at length; “But,” says the. Judge,
. “ the court cannot shut its eyes to the fact that,
war exists, involving the most imminent public dan
ger, and threatening the aubveision and destruction
of the Constitution itself. In my judgment, when
the life of the Republic is imperiled, he mistakes his •
duty and obligations as a patriot who is not willing
to concede to the Constitution such a capacity of
adaptation to circumstances as may be necessary to
meet a great emergency, and save .the-nation from ”
helplegaruin. .
. “ Self-preservation is a paramount law,'which av
nation, as well as an individual, may find it necessa
ry to invoke;'*- ... . /
Our fathers, the foreseeing the re* : -
suit of ambitious schemes for'^» S g«a4Vdizement pro
vided for just such, an - emergency as
grantingV CoDgfesk power to raise and : support
■ miesr, and create a navy.- When .they made-these
grants they were aware of the magnitude of the
conferred, in order to give the clauses effect..
The rebellion of called for the enactment -of as
law in pursuance of these provisions of- the,Oonsti
tiition, and it was enacted.' It was under this"statute
that the President issued his call for volunteers after
the bombardment of Fort Sumpter.
“It iB not to, be disguised,” he says, “that the
country is. in imminent danger, and. that the crisis -
demands’of every American citizen a hearty support
of all proper measures for the restoration of the
Union and; the return of an honorable peace. - * :
The President may not be the man of our choice,
and his measures not be such as all can fully ap
prove ; but these are minor considerations, and ex-"
cuse no one from the paramount obligation of lend
ing his aid to the salvation'of the country. All
should remember that no evil is so great as disu
' nion.” .
1863
And again : “It is clearly no time for any one
connected with the judicial department of the :Go
vernment Jo allow himself, except from the -most
stringent obligations of duty, to thwart the Execu
tive in his efforts to deliver the country fromithe
dangers which press bo heavily upon it.” It Genf
Burnside has exceeded hia authority, it is theduty
of the President to apply the remedy. The Presi
dent, being Commander-in-chief of the army, must
judge of the military necessity.‘ v He is responsible
to the country for a violation of his duties, and can
be impeached.
The power of the. President undoubtedly implies
the right to arrest persons who are mischievous and
disloyal, thereby endangering the existence of the Go-'
vernment and the success of the army; and, possess
ing it, he can delegate it to the commander of a de
partment.
Martial law is defined to be “ the will of the mili
tary commander, 1 operating without restraint, save
his own judgment, upon the entire social and indi
vidual condition of the people. To the objection
that no proclamation of martial law had been, is
sued, it need only be said that no such thing'is ne
cessary.”
A high eulogy on the capacity and integrity of
General Burnside is here pronounced, which is alto
gether merited. v
He then adds: Artful and designing politicians,
disguising their latent treason under hollow.pre
tences of devotion to the' Union, were striving to
disseminate their pestilential heresies among the
masses of the people. The evil was one of alarming
magnitude, and threatened Beriously to impede the
military operations of the Government, and greatly
protract the war.” It was with this fact before him,
that - General Burnside promptly issued his famous
;order No.. as, which had been brought to the notice
; of the court. ‘ „
He would not dwell further upon it, and only re
ferred to it because General Burnside, in his manly
and patriotic letter to the court, gave his reason at
length for issuing it. r In the judgmentof the com
manding general it was necessary, and it was not for
the judiciary to reverse it. The legality of the ar
rest depends upon the necessity for making it, and
that was to be determined by the military com
mander. ' r‘ :
And here, without subjecting myself to the charge
of touching upon, the domain of political discussion,”
I may be indulged in the remark that there is too
much of the pestilential-leaven of disloyalty in the
community. There is a class of men in the loyal
States who seem to have no just appreciation of the
deep criminality of those who are in arms, avowed
ly tor.the overthrow of the Government, and the
establishment of a Southern Confederacy. They
have not, I fear, risen to any right estimate of their
duties and obligations as American citizens, #o a
government which- has strewn its blessings with a
profuse'hand.' a, I may venture the assertion,thatthe
page of history will be searched in Ivain for ’ah
example of a rebellion so wholly destitute '6f ex
cuse or ‘ vindication, ,and so dark with ‘ crime as
that which our bleeding country is now callediupoih
to confront, and for the suppression of which/all
her energies afe demanded. Its cause iB to he found
in the unhallowed ambition of political aßßirants
and agitators, who boldly avow as'tlieir aim, not the
establishment of a Government for the better secu
rity of human rights, but one in which all political
ppwer is to be concentrated in’an odious and . de
spotic oligarchy. It is, indeed, consolatory* to
know that in most sections of the North, those who*
sympathize with the rebellion are not so numerous
or formidable as the apprehensions of some»would
seem to indicate.
It maybe assumed, I trust, that, in most of
theNortherji States, reliable and unswerving-patri
otism is the rule, and disloyalty and treason the ex
ception. But there should be no'-division of senti
ment upon thiß momentouß subject. Men should
know, and lay the truth to heart, that there is a
course of conduct not involving overt treason, and
not, therefore, subject to punishment as sueh, which,
nevertheless, irbpließ inoral guilt and a’großa offence
again st theccuntry.; Those who live under,the pro
tection and enjoy the blessings of our benignant G-o- •
vernment must learn that they cannot atabrits vitals
with impunity. If they cherißh hatred and hostility
to it, and deßire ita subversion, let them' withdraw
from its jurisdiction, and seek the fellowship and pro
tection . of those with whom.they are in sympathy. ;
If they remain with uh, while they are, not^of ‘us,'
they must be subject to such a dealing [as
the great law of self-preservation prescribes and will
-enforce.' And let them not complain if the stringent
'doctrine of military necessity should find them to be
the legitimate subjectsDf itß action. I have no fears
that the recognition of this doctrine will lead to an
arbitrary invasion of the personal security or per
sonal liberty of the citizen. It is rare, indeed, that
a,charge of disloyalty will be made upon insufficient
grounds. -.
But if there. Bhould be an occasional.mistake,'such
an occurrence is not,to be put in'competition’ with
the preservation of the life of the nation; and I con
fess I am but little moved by.the eloquentappeals of*
those, who, while [they indignantly denounce viola
tion of personaMiberty, look with no horror upon a
despotism as unmitigated as the world has ever wit
nessed. But I cannot pursue this subject further. I.
am aware .there; are points made by the learned
counsel representing Mr...Vallandigham to which I :
have hot adverted. I "have had neither time nor
strength for a more elaborate consideration of the
questions involved in this application. -
For the reasons which I have attempted to set
forth, I am led clearly to the conclusion that I can
i ot judicially pronounce the order of General Burn
tide-for the arrest of Mr. Vallandigham as a nullity,
and must therefore hold that no sufficient ground
has been exhibited for granting the writ applied for.
And I may properly add here, that I am'fortified in
my conclusion by the fact just brought to,my notice,
that the Legislature of Ohio, at its late has '
passed two in which the legality and vali
dity of arrests in the State, under military authori
ty, ere distinctly sanctioned. This is a clear indica-.
tion of the opinion of that body, that the xightsand
liberties of tne people are not put injeopardy by the
exercise ofthe power in question ; and is, moreover,-
a concession that the present State of the country.
requires and'justifies its exercise. , It is a clear in
timation that the people of our patriotic State will
sanction such a construction of the Constitution as,
without a clear violation of the letter, will adapt it
to the existing emergency.
There iB one other consideration to which I may,
perhaps, properly refer, not ns a reaspn for refusing
the writappUed for, butforthe purpose of saying that’
if granted there is no probability.tHat it would be
available in relieving- Mr. Vallandigham from his
present position. It is at least morally certain it
would not be obeyed.. Andl oo'hfess I am somewhat
reluctant to authorize a process knowing it would
dress to tlie PJcet*
GENERAL ORDER.
not be respected, and that the courtis powerless to
enforce obedience; yet, if satisfied there were.suffl
cient grounds for the allowance of the writ, the con
sideration to which I have adverted would not be
conclusive against It. '
, For these reasons, the writ is not allowed.
THE REBEL ARMY.
Tlie Battle ou the Rappahannock.
[Extract from the coirespondence ,of the Richmond
Enqairar. j
Fredericksburg, Va., May 13,1863,
It cannot be denied that we allowed the enemy to
get off too easily. His whole force ought to have
been . captured, or rather that which crossed at
Banks’ford, why the failure to cut off and cap
ture:* larger number than were brought in it is not in
my power to decide. I believe General Dee expeefc
ed.a more brilliant result. It was no fault of his
that there was failure at any point; and‘while the
credit belongs in common to Dee and Jackson up to
the ill-fated hour when Jackson received his wound,
it is butjust to say that after that period the whole
i creditfbeloDged to General Dee, not only for plan
'ning. but for being in convenient distance, and
watching with his own eye to the execution, in bo
far'as He could make it successful. The enemy ought
to have been attacked at two o’clock on Monday
evening, May 4; The reason, however,which de
ferred’ it until six it is not proper, in.thejudgmeni.pf
•yguriorrespondeht, to be communicated.. When, in
an*jftfierday, history writes the reason, its sufficiency
wilDbe readily acknowledged. Just here let me
l upon the. newspapers, as the organs of public
: opinion, to insist that General Dee shall never here
after, again expose; his valuable life to the missiles
'orgeatfi. It And, now that Jack-
our great hero ; and chieftain,
- owes it to usi if hot to himself, to be where the shock
of battle cannot reach. Ten thousand, or even .one
/hundred thousand men slain in battle might be re-
if Dee Bhould fall, who could take
«bi£ptece? Ec.ro answers, who] I have passed over
the.whole battleground sincethe fight. It reaches
from Deep Run—indeed it, may be said to extend
. frokuHamilton’s Crossing, five miles below Frede
- ricksburg, where the artillery duelling between oiir
•batteries and those of the enemy first occurred—up
■toFredericksburg, arid from the town up aB far aB
Wilderness, fifteen miles above. The country above,
wberetbe main fighting took place, has been aptly
. described by Gen. Dee, as“'a tangled wilderness,”:
arid yetfihis sectionof densely-wooded land, covered
with the closest undergrowth ever seen, has been
literally cleared by the grape, canister; shrapnel,
and solid .Bhot which for'so many days rainea
through it. Everything betokenß the severity of:
the fight, and attests the courage and invincibility of
the viotors., The fortifications are on the moßt ex
teneiveflcale, andfrontedin every direction. Hook
. cr’irplanß seem to have been'to ditch to Richmond.
-HiS idea was to fortify hiraßelf in a position some
what in'the form of a square at Chancellorville,
.While Sedgwick'crossed below at Fredericksburg,
our right wing, and seized thereilwayat Ha
‘miltonlc crossing. Stoneman’s part in the programme {
meantirne,was evidently to create a panic, if possible,
in~our?'rear,cut the railway communication, and so
cripple-Dee for supplies as to secure for Hooker a
bloodless victory. This a Yankee surgeon narrated
to me as-the “plan.” He frankly confessed, how
eveiythat Hooker had ; been out-generaled'and whip
v tfee^^^'-^-^eneraiTEn/er^
* s The evidences of panic which are every where to be
} -I : *i)ave f previoußiy mentioned from report. To
;all that has been said, and to much more, my own
\pbeervation can truthfully bear witness. I passed,
over, thfefield, near Chancellorville, as late as Satur
-day lastj and even then, though every class of soldier
and civilian plunderer had goneoyer it again and
, again, and though Government wagons had been and
were-still engaged in carrying away the blankets,
overcoats, canteens, cartridge-boxes, and every va
riety of article suitable to the soldier, the ground
was-still literally strewn with these articles, which
seemed fo lie as much, unnoticed and as little valued
-as the pebbles by the sea-shore, while small arms of
all kinds were stacked like cord-wood in every part
of the field, and they were still being brought in.
Here and" there, too, could -be seen caissons, which
we had captured from the enemy, and at least four
.or fiveApieceß of artillery which we had captured,
but which, up to that time, had not been taken from
the field: ..' T also saw in its slaughtered state some of
the fine'cattle which he brought along in droves to
feed his men upon after the cooked meats had given
out."-;Some of these, freehly slaughtered, fell into
our hands. Chancellorville; a single house, ten miles
aboye, or rather southwest of Fredericksburg, where
the plank , and turnpike roads come together, and
from which a road leads off in the direction of Ely’s
and ' thence branches to United States ford, is the
central point of this great transaction. It was here
.. that Hooker had his headquarters, and it is here that
he-was wounded slightly.
. The retreat to the United States ford from Chan
cellprvllle bears evidence of the-defeat which the
had sustained. There were no less than
seven lines of breastworks reaching from a half mile
beyond Chancellorville back to the ford. * These
breastworks or trenches were on the moßt extensive
Bcale,‘and were constructed of dirt and logs, with
dfead horses worked in, and theapproaches protected
. by felled trees.
Leaving the battle of Chancellorville, and coming
back to'this point, it may not be out of place' to
mention, what/T have from unquestioned sources,
that-the. Yankees were dealt rations ofwhiskyin
order to*get them up to Marye’B heights, and,that-"
each „Mndmoßt man was ordered to atrike_down,..
with the drawn bayonet, the man-riir'*liis "front who
.faltered ; that the rear guard, withchargedbayonets,
on the whole column, ten lines deep, and that
the men. thus charged because the Yankee officers
“cppld not rely upon their men to use the bayonet if
once the pressure of the bayonet was withdrawn
from theidear. the.second charge. In ?
tthe-'flsßt charge even this precaution did not hinder
' •&- baotr -
«3ffFTaras the other side of the^nver." Thusme
. my, throwing ten regiments against one, carried the
“crest.” But the difference between this time and
December was that two brigades then held the stone ;
wall ;=now its defence was entiusfced to a single bri
gade, and the-point where the enemy forced our
-Tines was guarded by a single regiment. . Gen. A. P.
Hill assumed command on Saturday night at Chan
; cellorville, as soon as Gehral Jackson was wounded, '
but he in tumibeingcompelled to quit the field from
a flesh wound, the command devolved upon General
Rodes for a time. Gen. Stuart, however, was at
once sent for, and on his arrival upon the field, as
sumed control of the movements .of Jackson’s
corps—General A. P. Hill still, however, remaining
near the field, and advising in all the import ant'ope
rations of the corps.
i- .The messenger who carricd.General Dee the intel
ligerice of this severe misfortune tells me that he
found the genera! on a bed of straw, about four
o’clock in the morning, and that when told of what
had occurred, his words were these: “Thank God
. it iB no worse: God be;j)raised that he is still alive
and that he further said: “Any victory is a dear
one that deprives us of the services of Jackson,
even for a short time.” Upon the informant men
. tioning that he believed it was General Jackson’s
intention to have pressed them on 'Sunday, bad he
not have fallen, General Dee quietly said : “ These
people'shall be pressed to-day,” at -the same time
rising about 4 A. M. Hastily dressing and partaking
of his simple fare of ham and,cracker, lie sallied
forth, I hearunattended, and made such dispositions
as rendered that Sabbath a bletsed day for our cause,
even though a Jackson had fallen among its leaders.
As every incident connected with these two great:
men .must interest the reader, Itwill mention as
quite current, that when .General Jackson received
the letter which General Dee sent him on Sunday
morning, bursting into tears, he said, “far better for
the Confederacy that ten Jacksons should have
fallen than one Dee.” .
. To.makea recapitulation of the leadinge vents, we
would say there were the following battles and par
ticipants: 'Wilderness, fifteen miles above Frede
ricksburgjWhere'Jackson succeededin turning the
enemy’s flank.•=. This may be called, for a proper un
derstanding of the matter, the battle of the “Wil
derness.” /It was here that Jackson turned the ene*
: my’s flank on Saturday evening, with D. H. Hill’s
and Trimble’s divisions. The next was the fight of
Chancellorville, to which point the enemy fell back
on Saturday evening, and around which they centered
and made their best fight, lasting from dawn until
near midday of Sunday. .In this fight D. 11. Hill and
Trimble pressed them from above, while A. P. Hill,.
\McLaws, and Anderson not only held them in check
in attempting to force our lower lines, but aided in
driving them from their. breastworks, and accom
plished the great victory of Sunday, which, indeed,
was the turning point in the whole affair. The ta
king of the heights on Sunday morning may prmerly
be called the battle of Fredericksburg. Therewere
at this point Barksdale’s brigade, of McUaws’ di
vision, and a part, I think, of Hayeß’ Louisiana
brigade, though of thisT.am not positive. The next
-engagement was on Sunday evening. The troops
here engaged consisted of Anderson’s and McLawa’.
This occurred near Salem Church, about four miles
southwest of Fredericksburg, and may, we suppose,
be regarded as the battle of Salem Church. The re
sult of this fight'was that our men drove the enemy
back fully a mile in the direction of Fredericksburg.
The closing engagement occurred along the line of
-the plank road,>nd toward Banks’ ford, by which
route the enemy succeeded in reerossiDg the river.
The troops engaged on our side were the divisions
of Anderson and McLaws, who held the position
nearest the river, on the upper and the brigades
of Hays, Hoke, and Lawton, oh the lower line; while
the Misfissippinns under Barksdale, and Smith’s
brigade of Early’B division, guarded the rear from an
attack outward from Fredericksburg: the heights
having been previously taken, without the firing of
a gun, on Monday morning, by Gordon’s brigade,
with charged bayonets. This was a glorious achieve
ment. tbe atowning act'of'the grand drama. It
may te fitly called, we think, the “rout at Banks’
ford.”
THE SUMMER CAMPAIGN—GEN. HOOKER
. AND CAPTAIN.SOIIALK.
[From the Richmond Wing, /May.' 14.]
, ,Our glgrious victories .at: the Wilderness and
:Chancellorville.. augur, well for the coming cam
paign. They surpass the victories at Williamsburg,
and Seven Pines, .which preluded the
brilliant achievements of the summer of *62; ; let us
hppe that the approaching contests will ’result in'
triumphs proportionably great. Yet wc can scarcely
hope for another summer of successes so magnificent.
At all events, we ought to be, and are, we trust, pre
pared for more moderate fortunes. The intrepidity
and daring of our troops was never bo conspicuous
as in the recent engagements; but we must,not,
therefore, expectmiracles of them. Jackson’s death
is to be avenged, and the avengers are ready for the
work; yet'they ought not, in bo doing, to be allowed
to sacrifice themselveß rashly.: Steady is the word.
JHow long it will take Hooker to regain his self
confidence is a problem-whioh a Yankee alone can
• solve. A freßh, newly-equipped .army, of 150,Q00
may do much to inspire him with hope; hut he will
not easily forget .the uselessness of a fine position in
rear.of Lee, the weakness of>the;best fortifications
-and abattiß men ever had, and -the folly of-brilliant
strategic movements by which Mb forces were di
vided, and whipped by piecemeal. And notwith
standing the fabrications of correspondents, and the
muzzled telegraph at Washington, he knows full
well that he*was whipped, by vastly inferior forces,
outol workß stronger than any Lee. had at Frede
fricksburg, -He has been taught caution; but caution
in a braggart is timidity. The resource of aVrash
man when foiled is rashness still greater. Hooker
never had the judgment and courage" combined
which make a good general.
v>‘ S o far, then, as Hooker is concerned, wchave not
a very great deal.to fear. . That he will retain com
mand is certain. -Rosecrans ought by rights to take
his place ; but Rosecrans cannot be spared. Wc may
safely count upon a renewal, rV an early day, of
“ Fighting Joe’s ” attentions. He will'clamor for
reinforcements as loudly as McClellan, and, being
an Abolitionist, will get them readily ; enough.
After he has received them, and hiß, men have been
supplied with fresh muskets and knapsacks; he will
begin the preliminary dancing around of the mili
tary boxer. Already he is digging industriously in’
the vicinity of West Point; which; alarms us very
much. We Bhall not expect, however, to receive
any. special favorß from him until about the 10th’ of
June. Should he visit us before that time we shall
’be entirely unprepared to receive him—as- much bo ■
asrwhec he surprised us at Deep Bun and Kelly’s
Ford.' :
■v Active operations in the valley, the State of Pier
pont,* and along the line of the Blackwater, are; not
anticipated. It is said our pickets have entered Suf
folk; ‘which the enemy have abandoned, .on the sup
poaition tbat- Lougstieet had. retired to reinforce
Lee—as if Lee needed him, or could possibly handle -
more than 300,000 men in such a'country as that
around Fredericksburg. 4 •
The policy of cavalry raids and concentration upon
Hooker will be adopted by the’ enemy ; and Hooker’s
future movements will in all likelihood be guided by
the suggestions of an ingenious Dutchman-one
Emile,Schalk, or Emily Chalk^-whoknows more
• about .nnlitary matterß than any man in America,
and has pointed. out. in a thin book the exact
way in which both parties—Yankees andOonfede--
whip each other with absolute certainty
and very little'difficulty.
. y Chalk advieestheYankeesto push their "Way in
solid "column, some hail million strong, Along the
eastern 4 slope of the Blue Ridge to Lynchburg, and
so turn Richmond, take it, and drive the Confede
rateß into the Atlantic Ocean, where they will proba
bly all get strangled and come out to be taken- cap
tive. This is a very fine plan. Hooker will follow
it SB well as he is able. He will not attempt to
march overland to Charlottesville until the dirt
diggers at the White House are sufficiently nume
rous to compel Lee to fall back for the protection of
his rear. As Boon as this is accomplished, he will
send Stoneman to the care of Gen; Elzey in Rich
mond, rush his main body to Gordonsville, and
thence carry out brilliantly the entire Chalk pro
gramme.
Should .Hooker refuse to obey Chalk’s precepts,
and attempt some vagary of his own, we fear he will
gethurt. Do what he will, we feel as confident as
the Washington Chronicle that the summer campaign
in Virginia, if left wholly in his hands, will be one
Of the most memorable in history. :
VAN DORN’S DEATH.
[Correspondence.of the Richmond Enquirer,!
Chattanooga, Tuesday, May 12.—A gentleman
just from Spring Hill, in Maury county, gives me
some particulars in regard tq the death of Van Dora.
The facts are singularly tragic, and in time of peace
would create a national furore. The crowded con
dition of! the great war canvas, however, will dis
tract the, public eye from a quiet domestic melo
drama. '
Since taking up his.quarters at Spring Hill, Van
Dorn has been upon termß of criminal intimacy with
Mrs. Dr. Peters. Shewaß a Miss MoKissick—young,
handsome, and intelligent. Her fatnilyis one of the
highest respectability, and considerable wealth. Her
husband has been one of the most esteemed citizens
—an amiable man, a member of the State Senate,
and a heavy planter. A brother, Major Peters, is
chief quartermaster to Gen; Polk. The pair have
been married (second marriage on the part of the
gentleman) for about five years.
On the day of the occurrence, Dr. Peters called
upon Van Dorn, and obtained a pass to go to Nash
ville. Van Dorn gave it readily, doubtless feeling
glad to get rid of a disagreeable and dangerous in-'
cumbrance. They were alone together in an upper
room, aDd it 1b supposed that Peterß shot from back
of Van Dorn’s head, which was split in twain by
the bullet. The report was not heard, however, and
Peters mounted his horse, rode away, crossed the
lines with the pass previously obtained, and entered
Nashville. He. has been, I learn, received with
marks of distinguished welcome.
ThebodyofVan Dorn was coffined and sent off
for interment. Mrs. Peters has returned to her own
family.
These are the facts, hard and dry. Rumors of-the
conduct of iVan' Dorn, not only in this one instance,
but in others near Columbia, have been prevalent
forsometime. Without doubt he has acted very
badly. My infonnaht tells me that he has degraded
the cause and disgusted every one by his inattention
to his duties:&nd his constant devotion to the ladieß,
and that to the exclusion of all else. Wine and wo
men have ruined him, - as they have ruined many an
other brilliant but reckless man. That Van Dorn
was a man of daring genius there can be no doubt.
Being handsome, with dark, flashing eyes, a magni
ficent mustache, a superb rider, showy address, quick
witted, and graceful, he was also a man of sagacious
foresight, keen, intelligent, but was wholly and
thoroughly unreliable. He always sacrificed hiß
business to his pleasure. He was never at his post
when he ought to be. He was either tied to a
woman’s apron-stringß or heated with wine.
, “THE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS.”
*TFrbm‘ the Richmond T/iepatihJ
We stated briefly a few days'agtfeOme'moral-and_
fanciful reasons why the great battle in which Jack
son fell should be called the Battle of the Wilder
ness. The matter of fact, however, is stronger than
anything else in behalf of the name. The great bat
tle was really fought in the Wildemeaß, a country
of gravelly-clay soil, and a black-jack growth,
presenting, in many, places, an almost impene
trable thicket. There were occasional small open
ings of cleared and'cultivated fields, in which the
enemy had his works for defence. The position
was one of great strength, and was very proba
bly alluded to by Hooker a short time Bince as
one he knew of from which the whole Confederate
army could not dislodge him. If he thought he
knew -such an one he would certainly go to it,
and no .doubt did, in preference to all others ac
cessible to him. It was indeed a strong one. Yet
Jackson’s impetuous charge, in the very jaws of
death, as it were, could not be resisted by the Yan
kees, and they were driven from it. The name
“■Wilderness” will perpetuate the nature of the po
sition thus heroically stormed and carried ; it will ’
commemorate the last great fight of that hero of
many bloody fields, whOßelast achievement was liis
greatest;
v Ornthe other band, “ Chancellorville” is the name
of a place with only one dwelling house, situated
several miles from the great fight of the two days’
combat; and. unsuggestive as it is at best, it could
not therefore be applied with topographical truth
fulness to designate the bloody struggle with the
ruthless invader. . ,
. GENERAL JACKSON’S REMAINS.
[From the Richmond Whig, May 14. ] . "
The body of Lieutenant General Jackson was
taken to Staunton yesterday on .a special train.
From Staunton it wilbbe conveyed to Lexington-for
sepulture. Governor Letcher will attend the body
to its last resting-place.
The pall-bearers in the procession Tuesday were:
Maj. Gen. Ewell, Maj. Gen. Elzey,
Brig. Gen. Winder, Com. Forrest,
Brig. Gen. Corse, Brig. Gen. Gai nett,
Brig. Gen. Kemper, . . Brig.:Gen. Stuart.
*Thtf newflag-whicli draped the remains of General
Jackson, while lying in state in this city, was pre
: sented by his Excellency the President to the widow
of the illustrious general. v
: THE RAID IN' WEST VIRGINIA.
CFrom the Richmond Whip;, May 14. J
The Lynchburg Rcpublican h&s intelligence that
, General Jones was entirely successful in his raid
with him two thousand hotaes and mmetC bne thou
aand head of cattle, and five hundred head of sheep,
and six hundred priaonera, who reached Staunton on
Saturday. Fifty-two of them were sent to Sich
mond on Saturday by way of the Central Railroad.
During hia raid General Jones visited both Mary
land and Pennsylvania, tore up and destroyed the
track of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in several
places, and also seriously damaged the Chesapeake
and Ohio Canal, so much seas to make It useless for
several months to come. In conjunction with the
destruction of, the. trestle work across Cheat river,
accomplished by General Imboden, the damage done
to the railroad is great, and will embarrass the enf;-
my’s means of transportation on that line for a long
time to come. The Yankees, after this exploit of
General Jones, when contrasted with their abortive
efforts at raiding by Stoneman, had better quit the
business. They are not fitted for it.
AMERICA AND ENGLAND.
The Cotton Trade*
LORD LYONS TO EARL RUSSELL.
nr. nr V ~Y ' , WASHINGTON, Dec. ID, 1552.
Mi. Moore, her Majesty’s consul at Richmond, having
been mforined.tliat only consols in person would be al
lowed to pass into the Northern States, deemed it to be
ms-dnty, at inconvenience, to bring me,
hjmselt, the despatches for your lordship and this lega
tion, which had been sent to him from the other British
consulates m States.;. He arrived here on
tim loth mst., and set ontonliis return to his post this
morning. •
From information which he gave me, it appeared «evi
denfc that a very sreatdesire existed on the; part both
of uie so-called Confederate Government and of private
persons m the South to make large sales of cotton to neu
tral purchasers, and that the Confederate authorities
were prepared to gaarantee the safe transport of neutral
cotton till it had passed beyond' their own military lin es
It seemed that they had even gone so far as to urge - Mr.
Moore to convey proposals from them to English mer
chants. • This Mr. Moore, having no mean 3 of communi
st with the Northern States or with Europe, except
those afforded by the United States Government in virtue
of its understanding with the British and French lega
lions-here, could not do without a breach of good faich.
and he, ot course, refused to listen to the'solicitations
which were made to him; nor, indeed, could the propo
sals, if made, have led. under present circumstances, to
any practical-result, for it appears that the Confederates
choose rather to burn their cotton than to run any risk
of ]is falling mto tie hands of the P o darals, while fo
reign merchants will.of course, not risk their money
ty"® a sufficien t guarantee that they shall at
purchases* 9 1° if theybe not able to export, their
I lostnotimein making M. Mercier acquainted with,
the information mven’-me .by Mr. Moore, and I asked
l ether he thought there was any mode, consistent
with the maintenance of onr good faith, with this Go
yemment, uuwhich we could' turn to account, for the
benefit of our. respective countries, the growing desire of
the Confederates to dispo.se of their cotton to neutrals,
Plan which we could devise was to endeavor to
obtain fiom the United States Government some definite
calculated to give confidence, both to buyers
and sellers of cotton In the South. We had very little
hope ol succeedingat themomentinelicitingany declara
tion sufficiently formal and explicit; but we agreed that
hfirm in my mentioning to Mr. Sew
«?a t i^ Datlir ® of the information which had reached me,
from Mm ' exactly what se
curity the United States Government would really give
kjlTers, and what facilities it would afford for
the exportation of their purchases.-
X e ?V° Mr v Seward on the 16th instant,
ana said to him that J concluded that he was not Tina.,
ware that the Confederates made England aud France
themosttempiingoffers of cotton. Theysaid, “Here is
cotton m abundance; buy it, or we shall be ! obliged to
burn it: • I observed ihat this course could not but be
.successful,-m one respect at least, unless the Eederal
Government took means to defeat it. It could not bnt
raise bitter feehngs.towards the United States in Europe,
could not Mr. Seward give me some assurance which
would tend to diminish such feelings?,
• 1 observed to Mr.,Seward that what the Confederates
wanted was to be assured that cotton sold to neutrals
would not fall into the hands of United States officers.
lo this Mr. Seward answeied that the offers of the
rebels were insidious. Why had not cotton-been al
ready gold to neutrals?. Why-had it mot been brought
to The Government of the United States had
given every facility; it had declared that it would re
spect cotton, the property of neutrals, however obtained;
it bad even tune conceded that cotton bought in
the South might ba paid for in gold instead' of . in United
States currency; that no inquiry should be made as to
how the gold had been conveyed to the insurgent States;
no question asked as to who the cotton had been pur
chased from. A neutral would have had nothing to do
but to take his cotton to New Orleans and export it
Still no cotton had appeared. The only effect of all
these concessions had been to.demoralize the,army.
. - 1 asked Mr. Seward whether all these concessions’had
been recorded in ofiicial. ddcuinents so distinctly as to
leave no doubt of their existence or their extent. The
communicationsconcerningthem had, I observed, taken
place during my absence. 1 might not he fully acquaint
ed with them; but certainly the impression on my mind
was that the facilities for bringing and exporting cotton
had been Djr.no means so great as he represented them I
woul ask him twtfquestions: Was there any formal de
claration that neutral cotton would-be respected, so clear
as to be calculated to remove all doubt from the minds
of neutraldniyers, as well as Confederate sellers ? Again,
might an English merchant at this ihSment safely buy a
large quantity of cotton in the Southern States, and send
it to New Orleans with a certainty that he would be al
lowed to.export it?. .
•‘MivScward observed with’regard to thefirat question,
that neutral, property was guaranteed by assurances
. given over and over again-by this. Government. To the
second Question. General Butler's proclamation would,
he said,: have been a sufficient answer; but the case
might now be altered, for General Banks had probably
by this time superseded Gen: [Butler, and the new plan
might have been putin force. •_
1 communicated to M. Mercier what Mr. Seward had
said, ail'd after some consideration we came tothecon
clusion that the- only thing which would have, any
chance of- being attended with a practical result would
be to endeavor to obtain from Mr. Sesvard:'some assu
rance m writing.
On reflection, however, I became convinced that a
mere informal declaration from Mr. Seward would not
be sufficient. I could not feel sure that such a docu
ment would be held, to be binding by all the depart
ments of the Government. I remembered with regard
to the proclamation of General-Butler, on which. Mr.
Seward laid so much 6tress. that at the very moment at
whioh.Mr.;Sewa-rd had accepted fr >m • Mr. Stuart com
pliments oh this proclamation, orders had without 4 Fi9
knowledge been issued which rendered the concessions
made by it altogether inoperative in practice. I, came,'
therefore, to the conclusion'that nothing would, be
gained unless I procured a regular.formal document de
claring the intentions of the whole Government. With
this,, view Iwroteto'Mr. Seward the letter of whichija
copy is ienclosed. It*was read and approved by Mr-
Mercier on its way to the State Department.'
I am not sanguine as to the success of this or any other
attempt to obtain practical facilities for tho exportation
of cotton. It is difficult, if hot impossible, for the Govern
ment of the United' States to devise any plan by which.
sales of cotton can be effected in the South without occa
sioning a very material addition to the resources of the
so-called Confederate Government: This is to the United
States a certain and immediate evil. Against if they
have only to sot the remote and uncertilu danger that •
the want,ot cotton may drive the European Powers to
take part withthe South in the war. v •••
LORD LYONS TO KARL RUSSELL.
, r T ■ Wastiimjton, Dec 26,1862
My Lonn: With my despatch of; the 19th inst I had
the. honor to transmit toyourl-rdship a copy of adetter
which I had written toMr. Seward, with a view to as
certain whether the Government of tlie United States
was willing to give definite assurances calculated to
give confidence to .Confederate sellers and neutral pur
dia«ers of cotton."' I spoke to Mr ■ Seward ' alSout
this letter yesterday;-and endeavored to obtain from him
some definite,answer to the questions put in it. Such an
answer, however, he was evidently unprepared to give.
J then inquired whether ha could furnish me with any
information respecting the intentions of the Government
which would be calculated to allay disquiet in Europe,
and to give a 1 turn to. public opinion favorable to the
United States. . ..
Mr. Seward said that- one of the impediments to the
.restoration of the cotton trade had. been an impression,
that the possession of New Orleans by the Federal.\Qo-_
vernment would be only‘temporary. , but - that there was.
proof that this impression was fast fading away from the
THREE CENTS.
Southern wind. I might, indeed, Mr. Seward added,
confidently assure people in Europe that, in a very, short
time. General Banks* military talents andadniiniefrrative
ability would restore loyalty to.the whole State of Lou-,
isianaj.that by a vote of the loyal inhabitants that State
would resume its normal position in tbe Union, and that
thiß could not fail to revive the cotton trade. T
I observed to Mr. Seward, that this prospect was dis
tant and vague, and that'my pnrpofo would be much
better answered by some distinct 7 assurances as to mat
ters at the present moment under the control of the
Federal Government. If'any English merchant should
apply to me, might I advise him to make at once pur
chases of cotton in the'so-called Confederate States, and
send them to New Orleans? Might I tell him that he
would he allowed to export his cotton without obstacle ?
In answer, to this, Mr. Seward reverted to the new
regulations which it is proposed to establish, and in
virtue ot which cotton is to betaken possession of by the
Federal officers, and sent by them to the Northern
markets, no other inode of exportation being allowed. "
I observed to Mr. Seward, as I had done on more than
one previous occasion, that I thought these regulations
would cause alarm rather than satisfaction in Europe;
that they would be regarded as placing neutrals in a
worse position than they were already. Could not
the United States Government at least give some addi
tional facilities to purchasers?- If neutrals were
sure of retaining control of their purchases, they might
be willing to buy, with a view to holding the cotton in
the hope that some contingency (such as that which he
had mentioned of the restoration of loyalty in Louisiana)
would enable the Government to remove all the restric
tions on its exportation. This might, at least, save a
great deal of cotton from destruction by the Confederates.
Mi 1 . Sewavd said that the great difficulty lay in the
mode of payment of the purchases. What were neu
trals to send to the insurgent States in return for cot
ton? Here a military question arose at once. Could the
generals allow salt, or shoes, or clothing to pass?
Could they-not allow gold? I asked. And I added that;
in fact, tne only practical mode of facilitating purchases
would be to bar all inquiries as to how the cotton was
paid for; to let the buyers and sellers settle that matter
as best they could.
It became evident that there was no use in continuing
the discussion. Mr. Seward was plainly not in a posi
tion to make any concessions.at all to neutrals. Nor is
this surprising, for the only mode iu which the Federal
Government can, under present circumstances, bring
cotton to market without adding to the resources of the
so-styled Confederate Government, or diminishing the
privations of the Southern people, must be by seizing it
by force and confiscating it: and, consequently, the only
facility likely to be given to neutrals is that of having
fromthe Federal authorities cotton.thus seized. This
seems to be the meaning of the new regulation*.
I have, &c., LYONS.
HISBU ABB POLAND.
The Russlan Reply to tlie English Mote*
St. Petersburg, April 14,1553.
M. ie Baron; On the morning of the sth (17tli) of April
'Lord Napier delivered to me a copy, herewith enclosed,
of a despatch from her Britannic Majesty’s Principal
- Secretary of state, relative to the present situation of the
Kingdom of Polands
The first papt of this document is devoted to a retror
spective examination of the question of right. The
second expresses the wish that peace may be restored to
-the Kingdom of Poland, and established on a lasting
basis. 1 will reply, to these two points of Lord Russell's,
despatch.
As regards the question of right, her Britannic Majes
ty’s principal Secretary of State reproduces the argu
ments already recorded in his despatch of the 2d of
March. I can, therefore, refer to the observations which
. I.then made to the Ambassador of England.
The'Government' of her Britannic Majesty takes a po
sition omgrouiid where the Imperial Cabinet will nAver
hesitate to meetitr-that of treaties.-
. Nevertheless, it is herea question less of the text than
of the interpretation of treaties. We have the right not
to admit, withoutreservation,everyinterpretation which,
might be wished to give them. -
libftldtussglLgays-in his despatch that, by article l of
the the 29th of May (9th of
June), 3Sls,.“the Duchy of'Wamfrwas.erected into
a kingdom of Poland, to be inseparably
Empire of Russia under certain conditions.’* •
New, this is what the act of Congress of Vienna stipu
lates in respect to those conditions:
Poles, subjects, of Russia, Austria, and Prussia respec
tively, shall enjoy representation, and shall obtain na-r
tional institutions to be determined in conformity with,
the political exitsence which each of the Governments
to which they belong- shalXconsider: it useful and expe
dient to gram to them.
The Emperor .Alexander I. developed these principles
in accordance with Ills personal views. He granted to
Poland the Constitution qf the 12th (24th) of December,
ISIS. It was a spontaneous.act of his sovereign will, aud
it did not constitute an irrevocable engagement towards
foreign Powers, inasmuch as the act of the Constitution,
posterior to the Treaty of Vienna, was not even commu
nicated to them.
Lord Russell contests the principle according to which,
the revolt of Poland in IS3Q, having resulted in the de
claration of the forfeiture of the sovereign dynasty,
should be'held to annul the bases of political existence
granted in virtue of the act of Vienna.
Although history has more than once confirmed this
conclusion of natural right, theory may afford matter for
controversy. We think it may be laid down that if the
revolt does not invalidate the national engagements, it
at any rate annuls the spontaneous development of them
which had heen'generously added, and which have led
to fatal results to Poland and to Russia.
But the principal Secretary of State of her Brittannic
Majesty gives to this argument a prominent place in his
despatch, while I had only incidentally put it forward,
in the course of my conversation with Lord Napier.
The English Ambassador alludes to it in the following
terms in thefiespatch which he had the goodness to com
municate to me: _•
' "Prince Gortchakoff also said to me that, desiring'to
treat'this question in a spiritof conciliation and huma
nity, he had abstained from employing an argument
whichlay at his disposal—that of the right of conquest.*?
Moreover,, everything has been, said on both sides in
this discussion, and to prolong it on that ground would *
be a useless task.
Meal solution *We t?£HJiffiat sftch is also the desire of
the Britannic Majesty. Since its aim
is assured to the kingdom ofPoland the repose and
welfare which are the objects of the solicitude of hisjfa
jesty the Emperor, it appears to us difficult not to arrive
at au understanding.
The difference in,our points,of view, lies in. the fact
that the English Government appears to- believe - tliest-fehe —
Constitution of ISIS is the sole panacea calculated to calm
the present agitation of Poland. • •
, But the English Government and nation, whose prac
tical good sense has founded the greatness of England,
can hardlj* assert that there is only one form .of govern
ment possible for all peoples, whatever may be their
'■history and development. -Before arriving at the politi- -
•cai maturity of which England offers the example, there
are many.degrees to pass through, and each nation must
proceed in this path according to its own instincts. It is
just and natural that a sovereign, animated by.the most
benevolent intentions, should calculate the hearing aud
extension of institutions destined to place his subjects in
the most favorable conditions of existence.
The idea of our august master has been shown ever
since his accession to the throne, and cannot be ignored
. by any one in Europe. -
BisMajestr has resolutely entered upon the path of
reform; Relying upon tho trust and devotion of his
people, he has undertaken aud accomplished in afdw
years a social transformation, which other States have
only been: able to realize after a long lapse of-time and
many efforts. His solicitude has not ceased there. A
system of* gradual development h>s been applied to all
the branches of the public service, and to existing in
stitutions. It opens to Russia 'the prospeofc of a regular
progress. The'Emperor perseveres in it without pre
cipitation or impulse (.enirainement), taking into . ac
count the elements which it is the work of time to pre
pare and mature, but without ever deviating from the*
line he has traced for himself.- .
This measure has conciliated to him the gratitude and
affection of his subjects.We think it gives him a title to
the sympathies of Europe. . * . .
The same designs-have net ceased to influence his Ma
jesty since his solicitude has been brought'to bear upon
the kingdom ofPoland. -
We shall not enter here into ftn enumeration ofthe na
tional institutions, for the most part elective, with which -
this country has been endowed. - .
They do not appear to have been sufficiently'under
stood in Europe, either on account of remoteness, or, ra
ther, because chimerical passions-and interested labors
of a hostile party'have stood in the way of an equitable
and impartial judgment.
The system inaugurated by our august master contains
a germ which time and experience must develop. lUs
destined to lead to an administrative autonomy on the
basis of the provincial and municipal institutions which'
in England nave been the starting point and the-fouuda
iion of the greatness and prosperity of the country. .But
in the execution of this idea the Emperor has encounter
ed obstacles - which are found principally in the agita
tions of the party of disorder.
This party has understood that if It allowed the peace
able majority of the kingdom to enter upon this path of
regular progress, there would be an end to their aspira
tions. Their, intrigues have not allowed the hew insti
tutions to be earned into effect. It.has been impossible
to show how they work, or how far they respond to: the
real necessities, and to the degree of maturity to the
country. • '
It is only when this experiment shall have been made
that itwill bo possible to passajudgment upon this work,
and to complete it. . .
The manifesto of the 31st of March'indicates the wishes
of our august master in this , , :
By the side of an act.of clemency, to which it has heen
possible to give a large extension since the dispersion of
tho most important armed bands, the Emperor has-main
tained in force the institutions already granted,‘and has
declared that he reserved tp himself the power of giving
to them the developments indicated by time and the re
quirements of the country. -I '
His Majesty can then refer to the past' in the rectitude
of his conscience; as to the future, it necessarily
on the confidence with.which these institutions will be
met in the kingdom.
In takinga stand upon this ground onr august master
considers that he acts as the best friend ofPoland, as the
only one whose aim it is to secure her welfare by prac
tical means.
Lord Russell, calls upon Russia, to discharge those
duties which, as a number of European society, she
owes to foreign States. . . « . ~ ’
Russia is too directly interested in the tranquility of
Poland not to understand the duties of her position to
wards other nations. •. ,
it would be difficult to assert that she has met, in this'
respect, with scrupulous reciprocity. .The continual
conspiracy which is being organized and armed abroad,
to keep up disorder in the kingdom, is a fact of public no-'
toriety, the inconvenience of which principally consists
in the moral effects which the favorers of the insurrec
tion deduce from it, in order to lead astray the peaceable
population, by gaining credit for the belief in direct
assistance from abroad. \;.
In this manner we have seen produced two influences,
both equally grievous—that exercised by foreign agita
tion on the. insurrection, and that which the continua
tion of the insnrrection itself exercises, in its tarn, upon
public opinion in Europe.
These two influences react one upon the oilier, 'and
have ended by bringing affairs to the situation which
the Powers at present point out to the vigilance of the
imperial Cabinet. -
It is asked of it to restore the kingdom'io the condi
tions of a lasting peace.
The Powers are inspired with this desire.by the con
viction that the periodical troubles of Poland cause to
the States placedin the immediate vicinity of its fron
tfers'a shock, the reaction of which is felt by the whole
of. Europe ; that they excite the minds of the people in a
disquieting manner, and that they might; if prolonged,
bring about, under certain circumstances, complications
of tho most serious nature.
The Government of her Britannic Majesty, in eXDress
ing this desire, farther relies upon the‘engagements of
1815 which affect the condition of the different parts of Po
land. We do not hesitate to declarelhat these wishes
are entirely in accordance with those of our august
master. . .
His Majesty, admits that, - in the peculiar position of the
kingdom, the troubles which agitate it may affect the.
tranquillity of the adjoining between which
were concluded, on the 21st of April—3d of May, 1816,
separate treaties, intend* d to determine tile condition of
the Duchy of "Warsaw, and that they may interest the
Powers who signed the general transaction of the ISth of
May—9th.of June, 1815, in which were inserted the prin
cipal stipulations of these separate, treaties.
The Emperor believes that explanations on the basis
and in the spirit of the communications which have just
been addressed to us may.conduce to a rosult conform
able to the general interest;
Our august master notices. with,satisfaction the senti
ments of confidence which-the Government of her Bri
tannic Majesty testify-iowards him in relying upon.him
to bringback the kintrdomof Poland to conditions which
would render possible the realization of his -benevolent
views. ' ' r ...• ? .
But the more the Emperor is disposed to taka into ac
count the just prepossessions of the neighboring States,
and the interest wnichtho Powers who signed the treaty
of ISIS show in a state of things winch is a cause of deep
solicitude tohis Majesty himself, the more our august
master considers ft a. duty to reqaest the serious atten
tion. upon the true causes of this situation, and upon the
means of remedy ingic. of the courts who havs addressed
themselves with confidence to him.
It the Government oflitr Britannic Majesty lays stress
upon ireUve) the reaction which the troubles of Poland
exercise on the peace of Europe, we must he still more
struck with the influence which the agitations of Europe
havein bll tiroes had the. power to exercise upon the
tranquility of Poland. •
Since ISIS this country has witnessed the development
of a matt-rial welfare unknown until then in her aunals,
while other States haye in the ; same interval undergone
many interior crises.
. This repose Wfs only 'troubled in IS3O bv the conse
quences of commotions coming from abroad. < Eighteen
years later, in 184 S, while almost the whole of Europe
was convulsed by the revolution,: the Kingdom of Po
lan d was able lo preserve its tranquility. .
We are persuaded that it would be the same atpresent
were it notlfor the continual instigations of the party of
cosmopolitan revolution.- if this party everywhere de-:
vottd to the overthrow of order, at present concentrates
all its activity upon Poland, a grave error would be com
mitted in supposing that its aspirations will stop short
at that.limit; What it seeks there is a lever to overturn
tberestofEuiiope. , -■ - :/i . v
Those cabinets which'attach importance to seeing the
kingdom of Poland return a moment earlier to the: con
ditions ofa durable peace cannot therefore more certain
ly insure the realization of this desire than by-laboring,
on their ride,-to appease the inoral and . material disor
der which it is sougbt to propagate m Europe, and thus
to exhaust the main source of the agitations at which
their foresight is alarmed., . ■ . - . .
We entertain thg.firm hope that,m strengthening m
th's respect the ties which bind them together, they will
effectually serve the cause of peace and oJ the general
interests. - . .
I have the honor to request that you will communicate,
a copy of this despatch to the principal gecretaryof St ite
of her Britannic Majesty. GOBTCHAKOFF
The Reply to France. 4 ....
Sr. PurnKsnußa. April 14
Prince Gortchakoff to Boron Be Budbera qt'Paris : ■
, . Moxsibcr i.e Barox : On the mornmg of the oth (17th)
of April the Ambassador of France communicated to -me
a despatch from M. Drouyu de I Huys, relauvejto the
condition ofthe kingdom ofPoland. , .
. 1 transmit to vour Excellency a copy of that document,
which I immediately submitted to lus MtqestyitUe Em
reror. : • ■ -
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master came to the conclusion that the
S?£«u£i ln - tbe name of the Emperor Napoleou
CO mlr t* y harinonize with his own.
Government expresses, as regards the sad
events which hare taken place in the kingdom of Po
-land, sentiments which cannot fail to be shared by every
government which is a friend to mankind at conld not
fo^-0^ 8 f? 1 -t ln * e^ t A a^^- ma doabt of the deep affliction
which this state of affairs causes to our»ugusfc master, of
the bjriy solicitude with which it inspires his Majesty,
nor of tbe ardent desire he entertains to be able to out an
end to it. ;
The French Government pomtß out the reaction which
these agitations exercise upon neighboring States, and
the anxiety to which they give rise in the'rest of Eu
rope.
Our august master admits the just interest which the
bordering Powers and those who co- operated in settling
the state of Europe must naturally take in all complica
tions of a nature to disturb its harmony. •
But the Interest which Russia takes in events which
touch her so nearly cannotsurely-be less profound, as
more than all she desires to Fee .tranquility restored in
the kingdom, and the safety of Europe assured.
The Emperor Napoleon finally expresses his confidence
in the liberal intentions of our aUgust-master, and is in
spired with a sentiment of reserve which his Majesty
appreciates when hepoints out to ns, in conclusion, the
opportunity for taking measures to place Poland in the
condition of a durable peace.
Nothing eouldhstter respond to the wishes of the Em
peror. •
But it is precisely upon the selection of those measure*
that it would be desirable to come to an understanding.
. The French Minister of Foreign Affairs points out the
intensity of-the evil and the insufficiency of the combi
nations hitherto imagined to reconcile Poland with the
position granted to her.
This is an additional motive not to recommence expe
riments which have been a source of misfortune to Po
land as well as to Russia—a cause of trouble to Europe,
ana which, in all probability, would end in the same
results. ss,
The evil from which the kingdom is actually suffering
is not an isolated feet. The whole of Europe is infected
by it., Revolutionary tendencies, which are the curse
of our age, are now concentrated in this country, be
cause they find sufficient combustible materials there to
give them the hope of making it the focus of a conflagra
tion which would extend to the whole of the continent
The Government, whose duty it is to cure this evil,
cannot devote too much attention to it, too muchpru*
deuce and allowances, so as to distinguish the elements
which ought to be removed as 'a common danger, from
those tbe developments of which, followed with perse
verance and ma urity, may serve to form a lasting fu
ture.
Our august master has devoted himself to this task,
which is connected with that which,'since his accession
to the throne, his Majesty has imposed upon himself to
accomplish, eo as to bring every portion of his empire
into the path of regular progress.
I have explained these views of our august master in
the annexed despatch, which I have just addressed to
the ambassador of his Majesty in London, in reply to a
communication, from the Government of
Majesty analogous to that of M. Drouyn de l’Huys. By the
Emperor’s orders you are requested .to hand a copy of
that document to tbo-French Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Be will see what part, according to our views, the Em
peror Napoleon can take to accelerate the realization of ■
the wish which he expresses to ns in the name of hu
manity, and in that of the permanent interests of Europe
Be will assuredly admit that, whiiethe elements of cos
mopolite revolution spread in nearly everv country, and
which fix upon even* point where there is a chance of
disturbance or subversion, the task oj restoring quiet
and peace should not depend upon the efforts of a single
Government, and that to ask us to extinguish a confla
gration which is Iconstantly being supplied with inex
haustible fuel from without, would be to confine the
question within a circle without an outlet.
The concern which the French Government evinces to
obviate it, the solicitude it expresses for the general in
terests of Europe, the friendly relations which exist be
tween us, the sentiments of confidence in our august
master, contained in the despatch of the French Minister
of Foreign Affairs, authorize us to hope that.appreciating
the question in a high point of view with all the diffi
culties it implies; and all the allowances it requires, the
Emperor Napoleon will.not refuse the moral support
which may depend upon him, so as to facilitate to our
.august master the task pointed out to him by his solici
tudefeTTßrM&sdO™ of Poland, his duties towards Rus
sia; and his relations'with his neighbors
and with the great
I request you to express this hope to M. Drouyn de
l’Hnys, and to leave him a copy of this despatch.
gortchakoff.
Reply to Sweden, Spain, and. Italy.
. St. Petersbubo, May 6, 1553
The Journal ae St. Petersburg, of to-day, publishes
the text of the note addressed by the Swedish, Spanish,
and Italian Cabinets to the Russian Government on the
Polish question, together with the replies of Prince Gort
ebakoff to. the same.
The Swedish Cabinet in its note trusts to the humane
acd generous principles of the Emperor, and is sure that
words of clemency and obl'vion, with a perspective
repivneof wise liberty, would suffice to completely re
store order and tranquility. .
The Spanish note bitterly regrets that the impatience
of the Poles should not have waited for the continuation,
of. the system of concessions'already accorded by the
Emperor. Having acquired the experience that modera
tion pacifies more usefully and certainly than severity,
the. Queen of Spain asks pardon and indulgence for the
Poles. ...
The reply of Prince Gortchakoff thanks the Queen
amicably. •'.• . •
The note of the Turin Cabinet is couched in most ami
cable terms, and hopes that the Russian Conrt will see
in the date of its communication a proof of the desire oi
Italy to always entertain the frankest and most sincere
relations with Ruesia.
prince Gortchakoff states in his reply, that the itfmDe
ror has received the amicable assurances of
Government with pleasure. As to the wishns^' express
es in favor of Poland, the Prince obsft’fnfTrvnf Itabaii
Government is
Notices of New Books.
“The Army Chaplain’s manual,“ by the Rev,
J. Pinkney Hammond, M. A., Chaplain U. S. Army,
(attached to the hospital,Annapolis, Maryland,) is
a neat volume of 286 pages, published by J. B. Lip
pincott & Co. The design of this book is better than
Jts.grggUlm7li—All-in i£that
itß theoretical part is heavy and sermonly, (no
other word so well describes religious didactics,)
and only swells out the proportions of the volume.
jit closes with a selection of Devotional Hymns—
are Hymns ever MOjf devotional I—which appeadfto
have been chiefiy ' chosen on account of the large
number of wretched rhymeß which they contain.
Last year we noticed “The Results of Emanci
pation,” translated by Mary li. Booth from the
. French of M. Augußtin Cochin, and published by
"Walker, Wise* St 00., Boston. The author was
crowned by the Institute of France for having writ
tena book upon Slavery. first part; showing
.what Emancipation had done in the colonies of
England, France, &c., has had large popularity here.
.The second, entitled “The Results of Slavery,”
done into English by the same translator, is full of
deep interest, and contains a multiplicity of facts
which no casuistry can set aside. Of course, writing,
as M. Cochin did, for an European public, what he
says about slavery in the United States oannot give
us any nihv information. But, in 130 pages, it plain!?
states the whole case, philosophically, statistically*
and historically.
.is a model of accuracy and terseness.. After show
ing what Slavery was with us, the author exhibits
in the colonies of Spain, Portugal, and Holland,
and then treats of the African Slave Trade, the im
migration of free negroes from* Africa, and the ex
ploration and evangelization of that continent. -
Finally, he treats of Slavery before and after Chris
tianity, arguing that the New Testament is opposed
to Slavery. M. Cochin may be congratulated on the
spirited version of his work which Miss Booth (the
translator of the Count de Gasparin’s works on
America) has placed before,this country. It has
been executed with his full concurrence, and is all
that can be desired. The two volumes may be said
. to exhaust a subject upon which hundreds of writers
have employed their talents and knowledge. (Phila
delphia: J. B. lappinco.U & Co.)
Walker, "Wise, & Co., Boston, have republished
“ The- Book of Common Prayer for Christian
Worship,” by the Rev. James Martineau, of Lon
don, brother to the well-known Harriet Martineau.
It has been slightly altered, by the omission of
prayers for the royal family, etc., to adapt it to the
use of the churches in this country.. The prayers
are largely taken from the fine' Liturgy of the
Church of England, but none of the three Creeds
are given, and .we that all references to the
Trinity are also omitted, as well as the Absolution—
which last, indeed, is a relic of Catholicity. There
are ten different Berviceß of daily prayer. AU this
has been done to give the prayers for Christians
generally, without distinction of sect. The com
piler is a Unitarian clergyman. We cannot dismiss
this volume without particularly noticing its ex
quisite typography. Welsh the University printer,
and Houghton of the Riverside Press, here have wor
thy rivals in John Wilson & Son, siereotypers and
printers,Boston. (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott
& Co.) .• :•*.
Oddly enough, thenext volume that we take up is
also printed by Wilson fe Son. It is a large octavo
volume, by Fearing Burr, Jr., entitled “ The Field
and; Garden Vegetables of America, containing
nearly full descriptions of eleven hundred species
and'varieties, with directions for propagation, cul
ture, and use,” and is published by Crosby and
Nichols, Boston. What is appropriately called the
Kitchen Garden is treated of in this book. Every
vegetable grown in field or garden and used for hu
man food ia here described under the distinctive
class to which it belongs, its varieties are also no
ticed, the process of its cultivation is stated, and the
manner in which it is used as food, ia also mentioned*
Of course, the characteristics of all the varieties are
stated. There are numerous illustrations, on wood,
from drawings by Mr. Isaac' Sprague, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.. Mr.' Fearing Burr has drawn the con
tents of this volume, destined to attain a high place
in horticultural literature,-from personal experi
ence and observation, from the communications of
others, and from the best works on the subject, pub
lished at home and in foreign countries. An Index,
of twenty pages, in double columns, makes the book
unusually complete. In all typographical respects
this book is also worthy of high praise. (Philadel
phia: J. Challen & Son.)
11. W. Ellsworth, a well-known and able teacher
of penmanship in the public schools of New York,
has produced a text-book of his art,-published by I).
Appleton & Co.' It shows the practical philosophy
of penmanship, illustrating it hy argument and en
gravings. Vast experience as a teacher, close ob
servation, and immense labor, havecombiaed to pro
duce this book—the best of its class we have ever
seen. Besides its practical part, it treats of punctua
tion and. letter-writing j the construction of lan
guages (including grammar); thehißtory of writing;
notes on pens, &c, - The book is equally adapted for
teachers and pupils, and its principles may be put in
practice with any well-arranged series of copy-books.
(Philadelphia: W, P. Hazard.)
Exgltsu Publications Beceiveu.— From Mr.
J. J,; Kromer, newspaper agent, 403 Chestnut
street, successor to S. C. TJpham, we have the If
htstraled London News t of May 2d, ivith numerous
wood-engravines, and Temple Bar and the Comhill
Magazine for this month. These periodicals are
pleasant .reading—intensely English, for the most
part, butßtill touching on a variety of subjects, and
handling many of them gracefully. Both magazines
devote an article to the late Sir James Outram, the
Indian commander, brother-in-arms of Henry Have
lock. Both rejoice in novelß by eminent writers—
Temple-Bar leading off with three chapters of “ J ohn
Marchmont’s, Legacy,” by Hißs Braddon, and also
continuing ‘‘ The Trials of the Tredgolds,” a power
ful tale, by Button Cooke; and the Comhill continu
ing. Miss Evans’ ‘‘ Romola,” Trollope’s ‘‘Small
House at Allington.” Mr. Thackeray contributes no
thing to the ComTri/Zthiß month, while Sala has two
papers in Temple Bay : As we have already said,
both periodicals are readable, amusing, and, even to
a certain degree, attractive.
It hqa been understood that a gentleman con
nected with the national treasury recently Bailed
for Europe to effect a large European loan. This,
the New York Lve-nmg Post positively denies,
such loan is contemplated.
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