THE PRE6S, •ogiNDOID DAILY HUNDAYI KNOIPTIRA • BY JOHN W. BONNET, WWII Do. 111 OMB -DOUBTS OMNI, TiISV DAILY PRESS, gworsoo Cans Pea Wsak, payable to the Carrier. 11 ,..A to Sub-oribere out of the City at Erma DoLuatta cx ANg ny, FM'S DOLLARS FOR SIX MONTHS, Two DOL• 1,0 4 ?OR Tuitsit blotrrna—invariably in advance for the Re ordered. Advertleemonts inserted at the nand rates. Six iieae c onetliate a gamin , . TILE TILI.WEEKLY PRESS, piled to Einbacribors out of the City at Pons Dote 0 0 Fee Assam, In advance. COMMISSION HOUSES.. WELLING, COFFIN, & 00., 220 CHESTNUT STREET. Offer for aMe, by the reeksge— pfuNTS, BROWN AND BLEACHED SHESTINGS AND 6 BIETINGS. DRILLS. CANTON FLANNELS. cOTTONADES. CORSET JEANS. sILSSIAS, NANKEENS COLORED CAMBRIC% SEAMLESS BAGS. CK DOESKINS AND CASSIMERES. VNION CI.OTIIS, SATINETS. • 'MAID LINSEY% NEGRO KERSEY& KENTUCKY JEANS. ALSO, SKY-BLDE KERSEYS, INFANTRY CLOTHS. ARMY FLANNELS. 10 and IS-onnoe DUCK, dco., &a. dAinwfSin 117 . g I L AD•t . LPHIA °- " BAG" MANUFAOTORY. 1.1 P BAGS, OF ALL SIZES, FOE CORN, OATS, COFFEE, BONE DUST, d:o. ALSO, SEAMLESS BAGS. 6tiudard =keit, ALL SIZES, for sale cheap, for net .solt on delivery. • Gap:. altxcio. . jr,?4tf No. 219 and 221:011911.011./LLEY." ri OTT ON. YARN'. STPSEIOR COTTON YARN, No.'NX YOB SALE BY PEOTHINGHAN & WELLS. °au HAZARD, & HVTOEIINSON, No. 112 cEssTNuT orritiurr, COMMISSION MERCHANTS FOR THE SALE OF PHILADELPHIA-BIA.DIVOODS. saam ATLANTIC COTTON MILLS. OHEETINGS AND SKIRTINGS. CHARLES AMORY, JR., & 5105 CHURCH ALLEY. , PSITLADELP : • SEWING 'MACHINES. • , IS/V , AJW!.nOVVWVYVV‘r• STILL TH : EREI •• AT T.HEt' OLD STAND, IIES• CHESTNUT STREET. • Second floor, opposite Jayne'c WHEELER &. WILSON SEWING MACHINES. The undersigned has not removed, but is ready at,his Old Office to supply customers, at the lowest prices, with. every style and quality of WHEELER & WILSON SEWING MACHINES. li,chlines ko hire: Also, with rst-class opprators, to private families and LOW'S, by the day, Machine stitching done at short notice, in any quantity. Madll see repaired and operators taught. d 055,931- HENRY. COY, QINGER'S SEWING MACHINES, For Family Sewing and Ainaullethring Purposes. IeISBIO CEIESTNVT STREET. ma THE WILCOX & GIBBS • PAMIL A T SENV/V1) DiOTriNES UV) been greatly improved, making it- , ENTIRBLY NOISELESS,, sad with Self-adjusting Hemmers, are nowYeAdy for eat. by FAIRBANKS & se27-tr 715 511E87'51TP Street. CLOTHES-WRINGERS. WILLIAM YARNALrL, DEALER. IN HODSE-FURNISHING GOODS, No. 1020 CHESTNUT STREET, Wilt for the sale of HALEY, 'MORSE, & BOY-DRIPS PATENT SELF•ADJIISTING CLOTHES-WRING•ER, Believed to be the best:CLOTHES:WRINGER in nee. It will wring the largest Bed Quilt or smallest Hand kerchief drier than can possibly be done by hand. in very much less time. N. 13,—A liberal discount will be made to dealers. n03.3m Ll= jaaii=,L fIA_BINET FURNITURE AND LIAED TABLES. MOORE & CAMPION, No. 261 South SECOND Street, h connection with their extensive Cabinet Business, are DOW manufacturing a onperior article of BILLIARD TABLES, it ad hitYo now on hand a full supply, finished with the MOORE & CAMPION'S IMPROVED CUSHIONS, whtch ere pronounce' by all who have used them to be supe rior to all others, For the quality and finish of these Tables the manu facturers refer to their numerous patrons throughout the Union, who are familiar with the character of their Work, ati2:3-em DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. ROBERT SHOEMAKER ' . % --ii . -.. % - '':il' -- _.;:-,- . ' —*._•,_...., — ;;:—..r 0 !' _:,---„,4711 r . .tr'w.;44. . ..... . . . .....11 '... A . . • _ _ _._ ..... ... . .. . . . -...- -t- 4,k„ i f '''''.k . ' ... 77 , •••! , ,‘Z- - :;•:'• --- ':;., • ,41'111.1. -- ---_:!' ~ '`: . -- - Aiiir - V' - - _•.,-- , 1 .. la ' -.-„:.:!-..... . x. ,1 , ~._-_!---- . ...... - • ... A, -if'•.> -%:,... ...,,,,...,.• 4 .:._i " 7. - _ --- Notr . - ,.---:. --- - - :,I-,1 , . . . '. 11 . .< . / _,,_,_..: ~,_..tit,....1., .;....:„ i c4 ,...ki,!.,_ . .ii _O. d, . • ~., - A inle ....i .. i. ;-''' . •_ .1. ' .1 ,.._.... - ' .'1‘..'... .0 521 eirkzi... 1 ,( 5 00 6 2._t!--._, - , - : - . IL - _.:', a s - ',a ii.. - --_-- -- -t--- . —_ - _. _ _ A :_l___ -------:.----...--- - "..:.- - • - - MO - . nom --• ~.......-.• -- ..11/10 - ---." I 1 • , ....m . mm . olm , ••• •• . '-- ..""" --- •• IWO . , . . • .."7"..1i...., ' . . • . • . . • , ' . 'C'-=, ....:-. t -.1-0 r t 6 S' . . . ~ . • WEpNESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1863. New Publication's. In consequence of .the advanced price of paper, and all articles which enter into the manufacture of books, publishers every where have been compelled •to raise their prices. The adVance averages 25 per cent,, which, espeoially in fine books, does not cover the advance in production. Even thUll, American books continue the cheapest in the world. ' The Household edition of Dickens, published by. SheldOn & Co., New York, will: be a dollar per volume in future, instead of 75 cents. The increase will not take place until the issue of "David Copperfleld," 'in a few days, with original illustrations on steel, from Darley's designs. It will not be the fault of our publishers if every American citizen does not become master of the art of war, by the time that peace ,is restored. J. B. Lippincott & Co., of Philadelphia. and Van Nos trend, New York, hays published . numerous books upon the theory and practice. The latest is tin,.pc fay° volume, being a translation by Brigadier Gene ral George W. Cullum, of the Elements of Mpary Art kid History ; comprising the history and tactics: •of the separate-arms ; the combination of the arms ; ' and the minor operations of war, " freer' the French. : of Ed. de la Pawn Duparcq, captekrebeartillerk in the Army of France, Professor of -the Military Art in the imperial School of 'St. 0yr:" General Cal lum, himielf a good soldier, (he is our Commander in-Chief's chief of state) recommends it as - the best , .foreign work on military, and history ttlet, lie has Seen. The author holds a high position in *prance, and has devoted years to the study of the art of war. He traces the history and explains the tactics of the different arms—infantry, cavalry; artillery, and eegi neers—And then :treats of heir combinations and minor operations:`There is•elio an Appendix con taining notes upon .11kgiene in the Field. Wood engraiings and diagrams illustrate-the text, when necessary. The book, as a whole, is very complete. Received from J. B. Lippincott & Co. . Captain . o.p. Andrews' "Hints to Company Offi cers, upon their Military Duties," also published by Viin - Nostrand, is a hand-book of good, practical ad vice, which officers of all ranks may study with .ad vantage. In Mr. Charles J. Stille's pamphlet, "Howe Free People Conduct a Long War," a well-written and well-timed pamphlet, in which the English war in the Peninsula is made to illustrate our contest, we find it stated that England entered into that war partly to "protect her own soil from invasion by the French, by transferring the scene of conflict to dis tant Spain.". Napoleon/a intention of invading England received Its death-blow at Trafalgar, in October, .1805, by the defeat and almost total annihi lation of his fleet by Nelson. He established a con tinental blockade :of England, after the battle of Sena, by issuing his Berlin Decree, which excluded the British flag and• British produce from continental harbors.. He did this, because his own navy was de stroyed. Consequently, when England went into the Peninsula war, in 1809, Napoleon had not the means of invasion, nor England the slightest cause for fear. It was to repel the French invasion of Spain and Portugal, by land, that Moore and Wel lesley were sent thither, in command of English troops. It was late in 1809 before Wellington gave orders, from Lisbon, to construct the famous lines of-Torres Vedras, consisting of entrenchments, in undations, and redoubts, which secured more than five hundred square miles of mountainous country lying bet Ween the Tagus and the ocean. It is entirely true, as Mr. Stine states, that Wellington's de fensive policy was much opposed in England, that hi's army was too small for its work, that he com plained of incompetent officers, and that themorale of hie troops was very far below that of an American army. During, the Bonaparte war, England bor rowed $2,500,001000, besidee largely increasing the revenue by taxation. Some months ago, Mr. Robert Dale Owen pub- Hulled, in New 'York journals, three letters, ad dressed to the President, and to the Secretaries of War and 'of the Treasury, on "The Pollak of Emancipation." They are now republished in a 12mo pamphlet of 48 pages, by S. B. Lip pincott & Co. Mr. Owen contended,.sie far back as last August, that the only way to end the war was, at once, while_ ve have the pecuniary ability, to purchaire the slave property of the South at a fair valuation, and that any other settlement of the ques tier' would Only amount to a temporary. cessation of hostilities. The money required he estimated at two hppdred million dollars, in shape of compensation to loyal sleveholders—which is only double what Eng land paid to her slave-owners in 1834. Professor Francis J. Child, of Haivard College; has prepared a delightful volume, published by Sheldon & C0.,-New York, entitled "Poems of Reli gious Sorrow, Counsel, Comfort, and Aspiration," judiciously selected from the best A.naeriCan. and British -writers. There are 101 lyrics in all - and not one that is not good. The volume , is sieliadapted, especially in these sad times, as a family-gift book. It is on sale by Smith, English, & Co. " Lyra Ccelestie, Hymns on Heaven? selected by the Rev. A. C. Thompson, is a .collection of sacred poems, including many translations, few of Which are generally met in the course of ordinary reading. They are arranged-under different heads, but an index of first Linea should have been ap pended, inasmuch as the. titles of several of -the pieces have been changed here. • Received'- from • Smith, English, & Co„ William ()bouncer:Fowler, lias published a volume of Histosikel. Collections, Which he en titles " Sectional Cegiatroversy ; or Passages in the Political History ot the - United States, including the Causes of the War between the Sections," in which, going back to,the formation of the United States as a nation, he plainly shows the various circumstances whiph, at the close of Mr. -Bu chanan's Administration, made the States drift toward disunion. He asks " Where does the blame rest I Not solely on the North, nor solely on the South. Maces intra, mums peccatur, et eeb.a. The careful reader of this small volume will be satisfied that all the political intelligence and virtue of the country is not to be foUltd nOrth of Mason and Dixon's line, nor "south edit ; and that political and sectional Prie. • and intolerance, and hatred, and desire of:, oftice, confined to neither section, have brought the Union of the States to the verge of ruin." For our* own part, we are not satisfied that !slob hi the case,. - Dr. Fowler endeavors to steer clear between the two parties, and his book, though supplying much information, judicinnsly collected and condensed, will scarcely please. dither. Published. by C. Scribner, New York. • "A Manual of Elementary Instruction, contain ing a graduated course of Object Lessons for training 'the Senses and developing the Faculties of Chil dren," by E. A. Sheldon, assisted by Miss M. E. M. Jones, and Mr. H. Krusi, has been published by C. Scribner, New York. As a book to assist teachers, it possesses considerable merit, not only from the accumulated information it contains, but from its lucid and gradual arrangement of subjects. , "The Employment of Women : a Cyclopcedia of Woman's Work, by Victoria Penny" (published by Walker, Wise & Co., Boston), is an eminently prae. teal book, showing a great variety of ways in which among us, as in France, females can be advantage ously employed; hundreds of ways, in fact, in each of which they can do the work as well as men, and many ways in which . they can do it much better. From merely mechanical to the highest intellectual pursuits, the field ought to ;be open to them. As saleswomen, in most descriptions of business, surely, neat-handed, tidy, end civil females, should take the place of great, hulking, brass-faced, leering men, who too often are to be met behind shop-counters.= The book, Which is wortireading, is _on sale by T. B. Pugh. The January number of the American Journal of the Medical Seienees, edited by Isaac Hays, -AL D.,: and published by Blanchard ;& Lea, has reached.us. It contains much to interest the profession,-and we= only regret that the :number of articles contributeAt from this city, and indeed from this State, is'so• small. Such periodicals as this are.entitled to the. support of medical men. '" Lady Dudley's Secret," which has caused as , much excitement in England as "Lds Alisdrables" everywhere, has been republished in ~:a 00-cent oc- , tavo, by Dick S.- Fitzgerald, New York. It is won-• drously interesting, and worthy,of. the great popu larity it has won. On ,sale herefby Patterson & Brothers and W. P. *Hazard. „ - Robert Burns' Birthday. On Monday evening, at Handel and Haydn Hall, the Burns Associationhad s stipper to celebrate the 104th anniversary of the poefkbirth. Daniel Mcln tyre,. Esq., war in the chair, and Thomas Duncan, Jr., and David: S. Wittebfeiner, Rags., were the al . eient Tice Ptesidents. The repast, which was sub stantial and plentiful, was supplied by MI. A.la- Barth, _and" was partaken of by one hundred and fifty gentlemen, of Whom about a fourth were Scotch: but the imizionalitY of Burns is universal. There ,were o!_,ht regular toasts, commencing with " The kemoiy of Robert Burns," and ending with "The t types." Dr. Shelton Mackenzie spoke briefly to the toast of " Scotland, the Land of Civil and Re ligious Liberty," and, a little later, Dr. Burns, of Frankford, made some extremely, appropriate and patriotic remarks' in acknowledgment of the toast, "The Burns Associations throughout the World." The Chairman read telegraphic and other communi cations from Burns, societies in Baltimore, Chicago, New York, Wilmington, and. Cincinnati, proposing toasts, in response to the toast sent from Philadel phia to sixteen BUrns Clubs in the United States, and seven in Canada."_The toast from Chicago was the most striking of these tributes, viz " Burns , poetry—like good Scotch Whisky, it improves with age." If there was a commendable brevity of speak ing at this celebration, there was a good deal of capital singing, serious and comic, by Messrs. Daniel Mcln tyre, Thomas .Duncan, Jr., R. S. White, Aleiander Robb, Mr. John Shedden, Mr. James Taylor, Capt. Finnie, and others. Two songs, chorus by the company, went off particularly well—" The Star- Spangled Banner" and "God Save the Queen." The room was tastily decorated, at each end were suspended the American and British flags, and un derneath each side-burner was placed a small " Stara and Stripes" flag. The only drawback was, that owing to negligence on the part of the proprietor of the Hall, or of the persons in charge of it, the supply of gas was so limited that at no time was there any thing like full light, and it is singular that, in another large room in the same building, there wwki,as much light, as if for an illumination. The negligence or the stinginess, whichever it be, which caused the discomfort we mention, is perfectly inexcusable. If it occurred during a concert, a ball, or a public meeting, it would scarcely have been.as patiently submitted to as it was on Monday evening, PHILADELPHIA., WEDNESDAY,WANUARY 28. 1863. UM OF THE POTOMAC. Review of Gen. Burnside's Campaign—The Late Movements, and the Causes of _Failure. • WASEUVOTON„ Saturday, Jan, 24,1863 I had occasion last week to visit the Army of the Potomac', and, as I found it on the eve of a move- . meat against the rebel forces in its front, I remained to watch its progress and results. You will have received from our regular correspondents full reports of both before this can reach you. uoncerning the causes of the failure of this movement, they may not have said as Much as the good of the service and the welfare of the country require. I write this letter mainly to supply that defect. The sudden change in the weather on the night of Tuesday, the lath, was the immediate cause of the failure. The movement was intended to be a sur prise. The *hole army was, put in motion during the day on Tuesday, and each, portion of, it was to have been by, midnight; in the position, designated by the commanding general, for the commencement -of operations at 6 o'clock below, and lee o'clock above-Fredericksburg, on Wednesday morning. At 8 o'clock on Tuesday evening it began to rain, and throughout the night the rain ,continued, with a' 'tempest of wind. Owing to other causes, of which I shall speak hereafter, those portions of the army designated to lead the movement had not moved with the vigor and energy which the nature of the eserince required. They were arrested, therefore, some miles short of their appointed positions by the condition of the roads, suddenly softened by the heavy rain, and through which, by morning, it had become impossible to move' either pontoons or artil. lery with the celerity demanded.. The enemy mean time discovered the movement, and instantly ral lied to Meet it. The movement for the surprise hair passed, and therefore the movement was abandoned. This is the surface view of the matter. As things stood; the weather affbrded sufficient excuse for aban doning the enterprise—indeed, made it necessary to do ke, 'nut if everything else had been right, this ole :stacle would have been overcome, or rather, would, . not have arisen in time to offer any difilOulty. But the Army of the Potomac is like the soil of Virginia; theupper crust is hard, but thin; a little, rain soaks it,s-7and underneath - lies a treacherous quicksand. Break through the crust, ancryou sink instantly to a depth which makes movement impossible. A good deal has been said of the demoralization of the army:- The word is:too strong. It does not apply to ' the mass of the army at all. But it does apply to a good many of the - officers. They are demoralized, in every sense of, the word, and they are a ,source Of cliscourneement—of. discontent—*of disheartenment (if there is such a word), to their subordiaates and to the ranks. I do not hesitate to say that, the failure of this latest movement were due, primarily ' and mainly, to the insubordination--the word is not too strong—of sonic of the geuerals in com mand under Burnside. I ask no better evidence of this than the language openly held by them ; in pre- Sence of their subordinates, of newspaper reporters, and of all who chose to listen, before the movement, while it was in pi ogress,eind after it had been aban doned. Unless common, report, which receives the countenance, if not the distinct confirmation, of the officers most concerned, is entirely at fault, the com manding general was overwhelmed' with protests from his subordinates against his movements, after they had been decided upon and nvith_ exaggerated and untrue reports of the obstacles in his way. 'So far as I know, no one of them went so far as to re ` fuse obedience to his orders; but everything short , of that which, officers could do to embarrass and .thwart his plans was done, aced done, too, as on some. previous occasions, with effect and success. .• As every one knows, there is a kind of obedience ' worse in its results than flat refusal, for it leaves the commanding officer without• a remedy. While it answers inf orm all the requirements of the service, it insures, by its halting, half-hearted, and possibly. premeditated inefficiency, the failure of the plan which it pretends to second.: .One general, for example, was expected to have pontoons enough for four bridges-44 in all, I be lieve—at theappointed spot by daylight on Wednes day morning. Ile had but eight or nine miles to go, and there was no reason whylie should not have had them there before the rain. He spent a good deal of ,his time on Tuesday in demonstrating that the chances of failure were 19 out of 20,; on Wednes - day morning he had fifteen pontoons placed in open view of the enemy, and thereat were stuck in the mud from two to five miles back. He certainly-had done nothing to disturb his own calculation of chancea, and can now refer to it as proof of his own sagacity. Another general was unreserved in the expression of his opinion against the movement, and did every thing in his power, even after the march of his troops had begun, to have it arrested. It may seem a Severejudgment, but I cannot help believing, from-what saw and heard, that each of the generals alluded to, and , several of. their.subor climates . who naturally take. their cue from them, fejoiced ' zn thefailure of the movement. They had com mitted themselves openly and publicly to the opinion that it would fail :perhaps it would be unreasonable to expect that they should . work- with 'any excestof • vigor to secure the failure of. their own predictions. Some of theni, unless I have been misinfornied, sought to throw the blame upon their , men, and alleged that the result of recent political demonstra tions at.the North had disinclined their men to fight; and the election of Wall to the United States Senate from New Jersey was cited`as one thing which had so far affected-the troops from that Sate as to ren der them unreliable on the field of battle. I'do not believe that. this is true; but even if it were, it would much better become a =general of division to try to overcome it then to cite it as a reason for inactivity. If this, were the-first instance in which the wil ,lingnese of certain ofticers to behold -with entire equanimity the defeat of Gen. Burnside's plans could be traded in their language and conduct, I should hesitate ,in attributing the failure of this 'movement - to that cause. But it is not. This is the fourth active movement which Gen. Burnside has made against the enemy during the short time that 'hits elapsed since: he, supeyseded Gene-McClellan. Let us see whatlappened in each: 1. Hie first plan was to throw his, army rapidly upciFitledouth, cross over instantly; take leases sion of the heights of. Fredericksburg, and thus com pel the enemy either to fight, him in that strong position, or fall back repidly upon Bichmond. ,The one thing absolutely essential to its success was the prompt arriraF , of the-pontoon train. This was under the direction of Gee. Woodbury,'-and`no satisfactory explanation - of his delay has ever. yet been made. But that delay defeated the execution of the plan. 2. Next came the crossing and the battle at Frede ricksburg, which was certainly a failure, and which the country generally brands as a blunder. I think it was in General Burnside's power to have core rected that opinion in his testimony before the Con gressional Committee. He did 'not avitiehimself of that opportunity; but said that the country would never know how near the retirement came to being a I , General Wool and the State Militia. success. I see no reason why the cou.ntry, should not ,know it ; and I cannot help believing that when the NEW Yonx, Dec. 27.—1 t is satisfactory tostate that the re Which have been published in cer official reports of that battle are permitted to see the port = - - light, the grounds of G-en.. Barnside'a opinion will tween General Wool and themilitary authorities lam newspapers in regard. to a fracas existing: be be evident to all. It is generally assumed that the New - main attack on that occasion was against the of the ' rebel - front, posted and entrenched on the crests in reef' of out even t York State militia' is altogether with- he shadow, of-foundation, and it is she) Fredericksburg: This is fl Irxistalie which was cor- ill feelingexists between any of-the "untrue that any divisions of the said militia and the General, re- by the General in his testimony. The main attack was designedio be upon the rebel right, and the reeting the'former ordering 'reports tsibe furnished to ) his department; and that they were'refused: Such object of it, was to break their line there where it was weakest, turn them,. and then—with the co- .reports can only have had their origin in the fruit operation of Sumner' attacking in front—to corn- fu, but nevertheless untruthful, cranium of some pieta the victory, and convert it into a rout. Gen. wee", who would wishdepart- Franklin see this important depar ment• of the service dispensed with. These facts we Franklin led the main attack with his own grand have from the source best* qualified to give the true division, and two small romps from Hooker's. His and correct statement of affairs. • orders , were to attack with al least one corps Gen. Wool, since his appointment to the.command -vigorously, and' then to' follow up the attack of the Departmentlie now cootrols, has never de • with prompt and heavy,supports. - He sent Gene- cal Meade to the attack commanding the smallest mended any reports, emblicly or privately, from the corps of all. General , Meade' attacked with rn militia of the State r have , any Keen received at - his headquarters from - the SDODT4d," or any other great vigor, broke- the rebel line, and actually division ; and.the eestilt ls, that, if, the officers -who ;pushed, Ins advance into the midst of the ammunition COMpose the General's efaff ere itiPOkel;to - 6:1 - the isessonS and baygaye-train in their rear, had'eqm, . 0 2411: suceeeded in the Stilpointed work ; the fordei subject, they find themselves in a position to con tradictsuch an uncalled-fornor, and deny it' v; oeed to him were 1-Clll - ?!J,- land 4,01. - . 1 - ',-altogether. The object of such a publication in the nee ed was prompt and effective support. L ASYeral newspapers in which the statement appear did not receive. Gen Franklin sent another small- ed, le - evidently to show:that dissatisfaction has corps to his aid, but it arrived too late,- The enemy, already ar i s eii•at these - headquarters, and that the seeing Meade come to a stand, had rallied; reinforce- , mi n n i o s the se-very -gtatexo . l , New York and New. ments were pushed forward, and before Meade's sup ports came up his force was driven back, and it be- England have expressedean , ,unielltiagnes6 to obey the orders' ofthe General, in the r -Depatinient to came impossible to re-establish the line. General Franklin gave as a reason for : not sending forward wjach he has been ad judiciously "appointed by the Miffed States Goveruntdmt.' heavier and prompter supports, that he was 'afraid the enemy would seize his Midges and cut of his means When the 'chief offiiii of-the staff was spoken to of retreat. Gen. Sumner, meantime, haeppe.ned tke On the subject, he appeared astonished, that a eredu fight to retainas onnch'of the, rebel fermi'' front loin people : should :,e, sly and his honest and st htforward y was :- "These divisions possible, for tee relief of Franklin; aindfati,keoe.ver have not been askekto urnish anyi reports, therefore does anything but with the utmost' iinpetifositee, we could notenor reeeived any reports from had pushed the movement till IV- had 'assumed:llm e Second division which itis stated so tions of a terrible eneasement This'sliows • t hem. I note.. v.e-4.-th i x. hOw r near " the battle came ' to - Ifeing success:' bas rurrushell i their- reports to us . ". And, again he said;: "Wo.-lie attending to the duties which the 3. The affair at Fredericksburg, and the investfga= Govern appointed Gen. Wool th perform; tons that followed it, were - no sooner over than d 'hopei3isid trust we shaliinot depart- froni our General Burnside prepared 'for another aggressive instruations; and lam persuaded the General..will movement. It embraced an attack in front, at a ot."• . point selected with "care;-and forthidable raid of Major General Wool has upon firs staff officers of cavalry and light - artillery ; which was to threaten recogrited , ..sibility and of high attainments and a t enemy's cam municatio'n, and divert his attention uir Prince:rid the public may reseenatisfled that from the main attack. It was a bold plan, but, if q. • vigorously executed, was reasonably certain of sue- tneYavill pm . ` form' their task, which is no easy one, to his ....4tit'Government's satisfaction, cess. Every preparation had been made for it. A picked force of cavalry and artillery was got ready, under the command of that dashing and most com petent officer,.General Averill; and the execution of the movement was fixed for the 31st of December. The columntleistined to'reake the raid was actually immotiore4en a telegram from President Lineoln announced to General Burnside that hp must make no 'Movement without first consulting him. The' General at once arrested the march of his troops, and repaired to 'Washington. The President in formed him that the reason of his despatch was that some of,General Burnside's subordinate officers had protestavekiemently against the movement. Thus •failed the - third attempt, through the interference' and insubordination of officers of :the army. 4. The fourth and latest of these attempts was the one ,of - last Wednesday. G-en. - Burnside'`-had`- "prepared it with care. He had examined personally; and repeatedly - the ground onewhich it was .toebe• ` executed. He had fixed the position which - ester division was to- occupy on crossing the river. - He, had ascertained by spies the movements of the; enemy, whom be had , completelyideceived by feints_ as-to the point of crossing, and 'counted; with thee utmost confidence, on taking him by surprise.- Howl this movement came to fail; I. have already: eat deavored to show. „ Before Closing this long letter, I desire to correat: an impression.which has become quite current, that: General Burnside's letter to General Halleek, arow-" , ing the entire responsibility of the battle of Feede-.' ricksburg, was - written under some kind of preimire: from the. Government,- or at least at the 'instance`-: andin some sort with the connivance of somarriong its officers. I have taken very great pains to asoar- ,, tail" all the facts connected with that transactirin 4 and-I know this impression to be without the, slight-,- eat., foundation. The letter was wholly . Generale Burnside's own—in .tbe original purpose of Writing; it,-in its actual composition, and in - its thial'pliblica- , tion. Alter the battle, General Ralleck paid, Gen.: Burnside a brief -visit; but during his-stay not one syllable wsuisaid" by either concerning the "risepon- .. . stbility" for the battle 'of Fredericksburg. On the' 19th of Detember, Dr. Church, one of Gen. Biirrudde's staff, went to Washington on business and returned , the next day, bringieg with him` sundry newspapeee., In the evening, General Burnside, beingein - hia with several of the gentlemen of his staff; and read ing these papers, fell upon paragraphe-in Ahern ste verely assailing the Secretary of War and Elem. Hal- - leek for having ordered him to make:-the attack, contrary to his own jtulgment. He asked Dr. Church if that was the general impression itt and was told that It was: He at once said he would soon put that right, and on the spotneiotees brief - despatch intended for the Associated. sind erri bodying the substance of his letter: - -Some of bla sted' remonstrated against hie noticinglhe matter at all; but he answered all their objections by - saying that no man should bear an ounce of eesimensibility that belonged to him. He did yield, however; so far as to change the form of hie letter, and addressed it to Gen. Halle& instead of the Press. EF 'came to Washington next day, rewrote the letter iselibi own room, had it copied by his private secretary-and sent it to the Press before he had exchanged aevord with any member of the Government on the subject. These I know to be the facts of the cathei - and in jos.' tice to Gen. Burnside, whose nqble:Aearted magna nimity is among the most conspicuous traits of his character, as well as to the members Of the Govern- went, they ought to be generally'keown.—Editorial Cor. N. Y. Times, • • MUSTARD IN CALIFORNIA.—There were shipped from San Francisco last week, says the Sa cramento Bee, two hundred and thirty-four bags of mustard for New York. It is known that the wild mustard, or the mustard which grime wild on hun dreds of thousands of acres in Southern California, counting from Santa Clara down; is superior to im ported' English mustard. This home mustard is in general use in this State, and for many years it has been gathered by patties and shipped abroad. The supply seems almost endless, and the business of gathering it ought to'be, and will yet be, when labor becomes cheaper, a leading one in the commercial interests Qt . the State. DEPARTMENT OF THE -GULF. The Haiti:ems sunk by an Orithisi- . ..lftrther Details of. the Affatir-r.Anothbr Engagement in Loulikum. • " • 0117 GALVESTOW, Texas; Jan. 13, 1863. Of the first Galveston disaster you know all. The rebels occupy this city with a strong force of five or seven thousand men. The city is well fortified with batteries all round. On Sunday evening a strange sail appeared off the harbor. The gunboat Hatteras went in chase about seven o'clook. A heavy fire was soon afteisheard, and the sfoop-ofwar Brooklyn and the gunboat Sciota started in pursuit. The firing ceased before these vessels reached the spot—soine twenty miles from Galveston. At daylight next day Capt. Lowry, of .the Sciota, picked up a boat containing an officer and•flve men belonging to the Hatteras. TheY reported that at seven o'clock on Sunday evening Me Hatteras . ranged up alongside af a steamer which looked like the Alabama. She was hailed by Captain Blake, and reptfed that "I am' her. Britannic Majesty's steamer SpOre." Capt. Blake said, "Heave to--I will send a boat on board of you." A' boat was •lowered, the one spoken of as having.been picked up. Just as the boat shoved off the strange steamer opened a furious' fire on the. Hatterai: Both vessels then engaged in fierce com bat, running ahead of, the boat, but soon after—say about- twenty minutes—the officer in the boat saw . the Hattexas stop, evidently Crippled. Then there was loud cheering on boardthe rebel a t eamer.- ' The Brooklyn and Sclota'craised all night, and next morning found the wreck of the Hatteras sunk in nine fathoms of water. Some of her boats were picked.up.-which contained arms and bloody clothes. , But the victor bad 'disappeared. 'The - Hatteras was a purchased 'iron vessel; sister to the steamer St.. Mary. She was Unfit for a min-of-war, halring no powers of; endurance: Her- battery consisted of three small rifled guns, and four short thirty-two %pounders. The rebel had heavy guns, sixty-eight pounders by the sound. Opinions .differ as to who • she was. Some think she was from Mobile, And not - the 290. . • , (From the New Orleans Delta; .Tan. 16.1 • We learn by passengers from Berwick, yesterday, that an engagementtook place yeste - rday between General Weitzel's forces and the rebels. At the time the train left, it'was reported that - the 'Unionists had killed six and captured -forty of the rebels. Heavy cannonading way heard - afterwards, which indiVatedlhat tl7e 7,llnboatS were • We also received yesterday the following despatch from Berwick's - Bay; by.which it will be seen, that our navy has lost another efficient officer : To the Editors of the Delta :' _ • BEnwiox% Bar, Jan. 15, 11363.—1 have jai learned the particulars of an ' flair; of some importance, - which took place yesterday. Early in the (lay Com mander,Buchanan went up. the Teche, with the Cal houn, until he came to the obstructions placed in the • channel by the•rebels. At•this point . unluckily, the gunboat got aground. • Commander Buchanan; hoW •ever it is said, went forward some distance, and was shoethrough the head from one of the rifle pits near. A man named hitehurst,• also . belonging to the Calhoun, was killed at the same timi3.' Col. Thomas, -of the Bth Vermont, hearing •the Bring, ordered his regiment to charge the pit, which resulted in the '.capture of thirty rebels and the dispersion of the :rest. I hare been told that six rebels were killed. I learn on good authority that the captain of the -rebel gunboat Cotton Was killed, and it is also re .ported that the boat is captured. I shall send you :further particulars as soon - as I op. . SKETCH OF THE TECHE BAYOU. The Teche (pronounced tech) is a bayou of Loui siana, and commences in St. Landry parish, a few miles from Opelousas, and after flowing in ,a south easterly direction, in a verytortuous course of about .'twohundred milestunites with the Atchafalaya .13ayou, near the-southeastern extremity of Lake 7Chetimaches. The chief towns on its banks are St. 'Martinsville and Ffanklin. It is bordered by fertile prairies and plain; in whichcotton and sugar flou rfah.,• During high water steanitialts can ascend this bayou for a distance of nearly . two hundred miles from the Gulf of Mexico. THE DEATH OF COMIANDER BUCHANAN. [From the New. Orleans Delta, Jan. 16.) - We.are called whin to mourn the death of Lieut. Thomas McKean-Buchanan, commander of the gun boat CalhOgn, yvho was shocthrough the head, on .board of his vessel, on Wednesday morning. His vessel had got aground before the obstructions near - the entrance of the Teche, and while •he was for ward endeavoring to float her he was shot by some Southern scum from a rifle pie. Col. Thomas, of-the Bth Vermont, avenged hie death by a prompt assault of the pits and the capture and rout of the devils. Lieut. Buchanan was a noble sailor. He was • cou rageous and generous, and everybody who came within the influence of his manhood liked him. He won high titles :while on the New. London, and we think that we bestow no leis than just praise when we say the navy has lost one of its bravest officers, and the American Union one of its-truest sons. He was a nephew.-of the rebel .naval. Commodore-Bu chanan; and a connection'of ex;Preildent Buchanan, but in name only was he like him. SKETCH OF LIEUTENANT =COMMANDER THOMAS McM-BUCELA.NAN Lieutenant' Commander Thomas MoKean Bu . chanan, reported killed at.'Teche Bayou com paratively a yOung man haying eritbrdethe Naval Academy aaa-cadet ; on - thelet of Odtober, 1851. He was a native- and eitilen' of. Pennsylvania, lIIVra which Statehe was spiSointed.to,.the service.. In the Naval liegiatelTOr 1856„1ds name Stands at the head of the list of 'mernbers'or the first class of act ing midshipmen on probation at the Naval Academy. On the 9th of June; 1858;he!graduated, and was at tached to the sloop Constellation, twiinty-two guns, Oaptain Bell, then stationed in the 'Mediterranean, in Commodore SarnuelL. - Breese's squadron. In January,'lBsB,-hei4etunied from the station, eand on the 4th:of November, - 1858, - was promoted to' master, and ordered to - the sloop St. Mary (twenty tiCosune),Xeptain. Thorburn, then engaged - irrlbe Pacific, in Flag Officer Long's squadron. - On the 18th of July,. 1860, he was promoted to.a ilieutenancy, and attached to. the steam sloop Xis .sissippi. Under the.new act the subject of our sketch became, at the ;end of 1861' one of the lieu .tenant commanders--d new grade of the United States naval service. He was then in command of the Mississippi (twelve runs), in the Western Gulf .squadron. He was nett attached to the New Lon don, the "black devil " of the Misaissippi Sound. He was afterwards Attached td the gunboat'Cal! houn, on which he lost his life on the 14th of Janu ary,lB63. DEPARTMENT OF THE EIST, DEATH - 0E AN AUTHORESS.—Mrs. Katha; rine Thomson,. who died at Dover id gastric fever on the 19th-ult., waft the widow of .the late eminent phyaletan; Dr,•A. Todd Thomson, and daughter of hlr:Thomas.'Byerley, of Etruria, in ' Staffordahire. Shewha knownio the public as the author of many' works:of biography and fiction, the first of which, a " Life.of Wolsey," was written for the Society for the Difitisiot•of Useful Knowledge. Her first novel, called ."instance," was published anonymously and met with success—an animated picture of coun tr . L4ife.some,torty years ago; it also paints the elm. • tacter'..of,lle. Parr, with whom the authoress was ~:WelEacquainted. t.Thetnext two novels published with her name .were•less popular, and Mrs. Thomson turned to `.4sldelphy.. The Life of Raleigh," "The Memoirs .of e Court of Henry the Edghth " were followed : 'Memoirs of Sarah, Duchess o f Marlborough." •- Therese:arch and reading requisite for these works •, gave her Material for a , series of historical novels— ' " Anne Boleyn ' " "Raglan Castle," "The White 9 Mask," "The Chevalier." In addition to -these works she published "Lives of the Jacobites," and two novels; "Tracy, or • the Apparition,' and "Widows and Widowers."' The death of Dr. Thom sonl'intlB.l9, put a stop for a time to her literary pursuits. On Mrs: Thomson's 'return to England, after some years' residence abroad,- she published a novel, ",Court Secrets," founded on the well-known story'of Kasper Hauser, "Faults on Both Sides," and." Memoirs of Villiers, Duke of Buckingham."' Her later works were written conjointly with her son,-and published under the noms de plume of Grace and. Philip Wharton, "The Queens of Society," and "Wits and Beaux." "The Literature of Society," only just given, to the world, was Mrs. Thomson's lainproduction. -IS ESP METH... .OF AMPUTATION. Dr. Chassaignac, surgeon to the Hospital Lariboisiere, hfiepublished a paper in the medical journals on a new method of his of amputating limbs without the aid of the knife. For this purpose he uses what he calf a canitie bracelet; consisting of a ring, round whfch are placed little crystal cups of arectangulai form. The ring is applied to the exact place where the amputation is to take place; a pledget of lint, : impregnated with a solution of :perehloride of iron `at - 35'degrees, is placed above and under the ring, and the cups are then charged with fragments of the Filhos caustic. The member to be amputated is sub jected to a considerable degree of compression, which removes some portion of the liquids of the body from the dlseaseil:part. As the caustic proceedi in • its action, . copious • bleeding mieht occur, to remedy which, the operator or his assistants exercise a digital pressure on the. principal artery until the operation is completed. There is considerable difference in the behavior of a muscle separated by the knife, or by the action of the caustic. •In the first case it contracts, and a large in- Tterval is left between the two parts that have been divided ; but, under the action of the caustic, the muscle does not recede either way. Dr. Chassaignac • has tried his method twice, in cases where the patients were so feeble as to render ordinary amputation dan 'gerous; iii'both cases the operation was crowned with success. The bracelet in one case was applied five times for twelve hours each, before all the soft parts could be eaten away by the caustic. As soon as the bone became apparent, it was cut through by means of the chairrsaw.—Galignani. A SOUTHERN PROPHET.—ISIr. Boyce, of South Carolina, said in 1861: "I object, in as strong terms as I can, to the secession of South Carolina. Such is the intensity of my conviction upon the subject, that if secession should take place,l shall consider the institution of slavery doomed, and that the Great God, in our blindness, has made us the instruments of its destruction)' RHODE ISLAND.—Acconding-to the report of the Adjutant General to the Rhode . Island Linglela= ture, that gallant little State has furnished for the defence of the nation, by land and Bea, 16,(10tirnen, or thirty per cent, mote than her quote. XXXVIIth CONGRESS—Third Session. WASHINGTON, January 27, 1883. SENATE. United States Courts. Mr. HOWARD (Rep.), of Michigan, introduced bill in relation to the time of holding the Circuit and District Courts of the United States. Referred to the Committee on.the Judiciary. The Military . Establishment. Mr. POMEROY (Rep.), of Kansas, introduced a bill supplementary to an aot to provide for the better organization of the military establishment of the United Staten. Referred to the Military Conimittee. States to Pay the. Troops. Mr. WILSON (Rep:), of Massachusetts, intro duced a 'bill to authorize contracts to be made in such States as may advance the pay and allotment to volunteers. and the militia in the service of the United States. Referred to the Military Committee. Iliercase of. Pay. Mr. HALE. (Rep.), of New Hampshire, offered a resolution instructing the Committee on • Naval Affairs to .inquire into the expediency of increasing the compensation.to paymasters' clerks in the navy. Adopted. Increase Of Bounty. Kr. BROWNING (Rep.), of Illinois, offered a re solution; which was adopted, that the Military oom mittee inquire into the expediency of authorizing the President to offer volunteers now in the service such bounty as he may deem necessary to secure their re-enlistment. Also, into the expediency of authorizing, the President to offer such bounty for the re-enlistment of such volunteers for one year or a longer time. Also; into the expediency of provi ding by law for three-months volunteers, either by enlistment or draft. Agriculture. Mr. RARLAN (Rep.), of lowa, offered a resolu -lion that the rules of the Senate be so amended as .to provide ler a Committee on Agriculture. Laid over. -- The Porter Court Martial. Mr. LATHAM (Dem.), of California, moved to take up - the resolution calling for the record of the Fitz John Porter. Court Martial. Mr. HALE (Rep.), of New Hampshire, objected: He thought it was a bad practice for the senate to make of itself a Court of Error, to go over these courts martial. • • • Mr. HOWARD (Rep.), of Michigan, hoped the re • solution would be adopted. He thought the recoil ought to go to the country and be read by, every one. Nor, N:gSSENDEN, (Rep.), of Maine, said he, was :.rather in favor of hat the record printed aidgo to the country ; but the record had been printed:lie had Medved a copy and read it. ' He believed the :result arrived at amply justified by the facts, and - no other result could have been reached in any court. 'But the record was very voluminous, and would create a vast expense under the present circum stances ; and as it was:already, printed, he did not - think it best to adopt the resolution. Mr. 'FOSTER (Rep.), of Connecticut, was of orii pion that Congress and the Senate had nothing to da with the control of the army or with the courts mai , . tial. The motion was disagreed to—yeas 18, nays 22. The Indians. LANE (Rep.); of Kansas called up the billto provide for the removal of he Indiana from Kansas, and it was assed. • , _ W KINSON (Rep.), of Minnesota, Called up the bill to provide for the removal of the SiOtuk Indians from Minnesota. The bill was passed. Capture of British Vessels. A message was received from the President, trans mitting a report from the Secretary of State and do cuments concerning the capture of British vessels sailing from one port to another, having, on board articles contraband of war. Suspension of the Habeas Corpus. • Mr. TRUMBULL (Rep.) called up the bill for the indemnification of the President and other per sons for suspending the writ of habeas corpus, and acts done in pursuance thereof. Mr. DAVIS (U.), of Kentucky, proceeded to speak at length against the passage of the bill, character izing the proclamations of the President, suspending the writ of habeas corpus and,concerning emancipa tion, as tio most extraordinary documents ever is sued, and cLaiming tlfat the Preaident had no power ;to do anything of the kind afill,that such acts were palpable violations of the Goristitutioff and the laws of:the:United States.. The President might as well havec.-issued a proclamation to. suspend the Consti tutioltitself.:' Mr. Lincoln has fairly.,shouldered the abolition policy .to destroy :slavery in violation of all Constitutional. laws and his oath. But the people hatiedeclared that the Conititution shall'not be destroyed. • Mr. HARRIS (Rep.). of New York, moved to amend so as to make the provisions of the bill apply to criminal as, well as civil cases. Mr. POWELL (Dem.), of Kentucky, said the whole bill was to preventversons who have been in jured by the myrmidons of power from getting any relief in the courts ; but the people would treat with scorn and contempt the wickedness of this Adminis tration and its usurpations, and no upright people could do otherwise. Kr. DOOLITTLE (Rep.), of Wisconsin, said he had listened to hundreds of speeches from the Sena tor from Kentucky, and the whole burden of them had been in denunciation of the. Administration, who are struggling. to put down the rebellion; but he never heard any one word in condemna tion of those men dripping with the blood of their countrymen, who • are stained with perjury, corruption, and treason, who were his late as 'Sedates. From day to day he denounces the -President of the United States,-and asperses his motives. The present . Administration bears , upon its shoulder a responsibility never twine since the days of Waihington, and the responsibility has been borne with a single purpose to preserve the Constitution, and liveup to the oaths taken to de fend and protect it. As to this question of .the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, there is an'honest difference of opinion, and 'the President, of the United States, than whom a morehonest rind patriotic man does not live, believed he was acting under the Constitution when he made these arrests. The Senator from Kentucky'and others spend most of their, time in denouncing and trying to break down the Administration, but never spoke a word against the febels, who were .trying to overthrow • •the Government. Re had listened to this until he was tired. • Mr. POWELL replied that he had said that-thoSe who went into the rebellion were doing wrong, felt it -his' dpty to denounce all violations Otthe Constitution. -• F• R LAN asked it-the Senator was not pre judieed in arraigning the President, as that was the duty of the other Maude. A Senator was to act as a judge. POWELL,aaid he had'a right as a Senator of a sovereign State. He thought the President ought to be arraignedi. , • Mr. COI:LAP:IER- (Rep.), of Vermont, said the Senator seemed to think that there must be no coercion to preserve the. Government, but others thought differently. The last. Preeident of •the Vqited . States held that no.. State had a right to so. CoVe:', but nobody had a right to prevent it. That was thought to be something new; but it was not. It was as old as Dogberry's instructions to the watch, to. "arrest all vagrom. men; to bid them stand on the Prince's name; and if they would not stand, to let them go, and tie thankful that they had got rid of a villain:” The Senator would have no force used to carry, out the laws of the Government, or men to preserve it in a struggle for life. This bill simply providesfor the transfer of these cases to the United States courts. If there were constitutional questions to be decided under the United States laws, _it was 'proper that such cases should be transferred to the United States courts. - After further discussion, the - amendment waS agreed to—yeas 27, nays to. k;xciiing Stene in the §enate—The Prest- dent Denounced as ass Imbecile—Senator Saulsbury Arrested. A long - debate ensued on the merits of the bill, during which Mr. SAULSBT_JRY:„(Dem.), of Delft ware, made a lengthy speech. • • lie was called,to order several times in the course of his remarks. Finally, when censuring the' ourse of the Preiddent of the , - ' United States, calling him an imbecile, and terming him as such by name, The VICE - PRESIDENT' called the Senator to order, and requested to take his seat. Mr. SAULSBURY continued his remarks, When the VICE PRESIDENT said, if the Sena- . tor did not-take his seat he should order the Ser geant-at:Viniii to take him in charge. . 'Mr. SAULSBURY. Then, the voice of freedom is not alio - Weil:to be heard in the American Senate ! The VIerPRESIDENT. The Sergeant-ate Arms will take the - Senator In custody. . The Sergeant-at-Arms obeyed the order, and con duCtedzidr. Saulsbury out of •the Senate, the latter displaling . .a.treyolver, which he took-from his coat pocket:.l.; Aftet alilibittime had elapsed, Mr. Saulsbury re turned.to:the Senate and began to speak. Mr. DO:QPITTLE (Rep.), of Wisconsin, called the Senata order,pn the ground that hehad been called to order - for contempt of the Senate, and should not be allowed to go on without leave of the' Senate. Mr. SAULSBURir..:Does the Senator from 'Wis. Cone in Baythiniani tithe contempt of any honorable The triEWH (Dlr. Clark, of NeW Hampshire). The Senator from Delaware will take his seat, as he Is out of order.. ' Mr. SATIT.SBYIBT. Just as I please—not other wise. Cries of "order !" - • The CHAIR. , The Senator will take his seat, or the Sergeant-at-Armswill take him into custody. -.After some further discussion, Mr. SA ULSBURY again attempting to speak— . The CHAIR. The Senator will take his seat. Xr. SAULSBURY. No, sir! Air. SUMNER (Rep.), of Maisachusetts, rose to a point of order that—the Senator from Delaware had been committed to the custody of the sergeant at-antis, and yet he saw him on the - floor of the Se nate. The CHAIR said the Senator was in the custody. of the sergeant-at-arms, - and if he made any further disturbance, he should be removed from the Senate. Mr. Saulsbury then took his seat,- shaking his fists and swearing at the sergeant-at-arms and Mr. Sumner. Mr. SHERMAN (Rep.), of Ohio, offered an amendment that any person, not in the military or naval service of the United States, and not subject to the•ArHeles of War, who shall be arrested in any State or district wherein the .process of the courts are not obstructed during rebellion, for aiding re bellion or obstructing the execution of any law or military order, shall be discharged, unless within ten days, chargfl'are filed in the clerk's office of the dis trict, wherein he was arrested ; and it shall be the duty of the Judge to discharge such person, or hold him to bail, as may be deemed necessary for the safety, ofthe country. • • . The bill waepassed—yeas 33, nays 7. • • . At 10% o'clock P. M. the Senate adjourned.. • . . ROUSE or Epanutsincrinfra . Soldiers , Pay and Bounty. The House considered the Senate bill providing for the pay of certain persons over forty-live years of age who entered the military service. Mr. HOLMAN (Dern.), of Indiana, offered an amendment, which was debated, to increase the pay of the soldiers two dollars per month, and those who are honorably discharged before the expiration of their term of service, their proportionite amount of bounty. During the discussion, the justice of such legisla tive action was enforced, while on the opposite side it was contended that if the soldiers were wounded they received hospital attentions besides being placed on the pension rolls. In addition to this, many of them had received State bounties, and it was necessary to pay the debts already. contracted, instead of incurring additional obligations. " The bill was recommitted to the Committee on Military Affairs. : A. Personal Explanation. Mr. WICKLIFFE (U.), of Kentucky rose to a question of :privilege. He had been charged with being instrnmental in violating the rules of this House. He explained , that in consequence of his crippled condition one of the doorkeepers had been in the habit of Inviting into the hall persons wishing to see him, instead •of compelling him to go out for that pur ose. The of er day, he received a card signed by a man named Garnett. The businees was unpleasant to him —Garnett: wanted* to borrow money, and he had none to lend, and -therefore eoon dismissed him. [Laughter.] This statement was written to the Cincinnati Gazelle by'-the clerk to the Committee on Military Affairs. The gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Vallandigham) thivsame article was said to have shown Mr. Garnett (a paroled rebel officer) around the Hall'after haVi L ekliffe) had been deprived of his Confedera nanion. He thought the writer of that letter . ~ •teifeaipelled as a clerk to the committea:' • - ' VALLANDIGIUM (Dem.),, of 'Ohio, die oloimed Any kuowledge of Dlr, famine( t, and ammo. THREE CENTS. terized the statement as unqualifiedly false, without the shadow of foundation. Deficiency Appropriation Bill. The House then went into Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union on the deficiency appro priation bilL Mr. CONWAY (Rep.), of Kansas, said, in his judgment the war had not been conducted with any purpose of securing triumph to the national arms, or the subjugation of the public enemy. At no stage of its progress has the Executive sought the conquest of the. South. His exclusive aim has been to restore the constitutional relitions of the people of the seceded States to the Government of the Union; and this he has endeavored to accomplish rather by holding_ back than by marching forward the armies of the Republic into the enemy's country, and putting him down. The President has not seemed to regard himself authorized to make ware= the slaveholders, if, by other methods he couldinduce them to return to their allegiance. He has, therefore, sought to exhaust every other agency before showing eveua disposition to resort to vigorous action in the field. -Even for his I ate proclamation of emancipation he seeks justification on the exclusive ground of its absolute necessity to the end of restoring the Union. • To this policy he had been strenuously opposed from the commencement of the war. He had regarded it as utterly unsound in principle, and calculated to produce consequences the most disastrous. He had not regarded the seceded States, during the period of civil war, as having any constitutional relations whatever; nor had he regarded the leniency and pro crastination of the Executive as calculated to have any other effect than defeat to us and ultimate tri umph to them. He was not in favor of restoring the constitutional relations of the slaveholders to the Union, nor of the war to that end. On the contrary, he was utterly and forever opposed to both. He was in favor of the Union as it exists to-day, and in favor of recognizing the loyal States its the American na tion, based as they are on the principle of freedom for all, without distinction of race, color, or con dition. He believed it to be the manifest destiny of the American nation to ultimately control the American continent on this principle. He conceived, therefore, that the true object of this , war is to revo lutionize the natural Government by resolving the North Into the nation, and the South into a distinct public body, leaving us in a position to pursue the latter as a separate State. He believed that direction of the war to any other end is a perversion of it, calculated to subvert the very object it was designed to effect. To his apprehensioni this war is a mani festation of Northern power, impelled by natural forces, seeking embodiment' in a national form, and aspiring to the dominion of this continent. It is the result, of an idea, and, of Northern growth and character it seeks to ereate anew. Until re cently, the Nort h had never p6theetred any other - than a merely subordinate political existence. It had no distinctive political character. It was more South ern than Northern; nay , it was altogether South ern. The idea of the 'outh was slavery, and the existence of slavery, required it to subordinate all parts of the nation to its own will and purpose. And so the 'North was overruled and assimilated by the South. But this fact eventually preci pitated • a revolution. It furnished the North with the motive, the justification, and the instruments of self-development. The work of the North to day is to organize the nation on the identical prin cipleiof the Jedkrsonian ordinance of 1787; to the -end of ultimately bringing the whole continent under its beneficent sway. The first step, therefore, which should have been taken in the progress of the war, was to•acknowledge a revolution, to recognize the Smith in its new character, to assume the Northite :be exclusively the nation, and then to pursue the .:erso‘. e 4Or conquest, or not pursue it at all, as `‘fight have seemed most expedient and proper for the time being. It is evident that all the forces of the country—civil, military, political, diplomatic, and others—have been manipulated in a way to de feat the legitimate result of this great progressive movement of the North. The Administration has seemed to endeavor first to restore the Union on the terms of the Constitution as it is and, • failing in this, to so dispose the elements as to insure the ascendancy of a Democratic fusion party in the next election, maintaining the question undeter mined long enough to be able to deliver it over to the new Adniinistration for settlement on the basis 'of tompromise, thus making the power of the slave holders in the nation, and over. the continent, su preme and permanent. • " , Mr. SHELLABARGER (Rep.), of Ohio, said that the effort of his, colleague (Mr. Valiandigham), in his recent attack upon the Government of the United States, sought to discourage persistence in the struggle against rebellion. This was innocent, if it ,could be said to have in it no other element than madness. It was more than mere madness. He .would not, stop to prove—he would warn the country, add declare these attacks made in the North neon the GoVernment were acts in a conspiracy, in. conjunction with the rebellion . itself, to destroy the . Government. The key-note of this conspiracy was struck by Alexander H. Stephens, at Savannatn. when he said the process of disintegration.in. the-old! States would go on until the great States- or the- . Northwest would gravitate around the nuelbus of , the seceded. States, "but not until they are ready, to assimilate with us in principle;" and these' at tacks are a. part .of this process of disintegration.. His colleague (Mr. Vallandigham) had declared that. the Government, " with an arbitrary power" which. neitherthe Czar of Russia northe Emperor of Austria dareexercise, had struck down every badge and mu . niment - of freedom. The gentleman from Kentucky (Mr. Harding) had said essentially , the same. Both !Teethes were almost copies of - the last speech of Breckiruidge before entering the rebel service,' and the recent message of Jefferson Davis. Another Colleague (Mr. Cox) said in substence that the six hundred and forty-one days of Mr. Lincoln's Admini stration:had' divided the Union, debauched religion and moraia,' caused. national bankruptcy, .and murs. .deredlor.a_hundred and fifty thousand of its children by war.,. and as- many by disease. The gentleman from' Illinois '(Mr. Richardson) had made Mr. Lin coln and his 'Mena- responsible for the war.. He would not allui3o*to • false attacks as a part in the play-of the conspirators, for that would be unpar himentary.; nor would he mention them to object to criticism to acts of- the 'Administration which was the. right and duty of all. -Be would bow in blind adoration to no President, to no party, to no Admin istration, in this _frightful struggle for national life. - -He would honor him who would make the Govern ment stronger - by *showing its labile 'But to tell Americans, who' were not fools, that the arrests of Kane and Merryinan for abetting' the murderers of the defenders of their country, are striking down .every badge of republican government, is an accu orition-aublime-in its impudence. He alluded to the almost .daily 'arrests by military authority, and Without regard to habeas corpus, in the time of Washington, when the public danger was to ours now as nothing to infinity, on charges of "being inimical to the. liberties of 'America ;", for having " ditruied General Waihington and Congress ;" being "disaffected to the cauee..of.-American freedom,' etc. He referred' to Jefferson'i commendation of General Wilkinson's arrests' and deportation from Ngw , Orleans, and characterized as a calumny the charge that President Lincoln began the war. He .drew a graphic. picture' of the rebels' preparations, rarniing, seizure; and actual conquest of all Go vernment property, 4 4nd remnants of its army in the Soirth - ern States, the rebels,- meanwhile, boasting that they began the war. He asked by what name would; history call such truthless assaults upon our Government and ' institutions. They were not called treason, although they might destroy the Government, because treason is bold, and takes the hazard of crime. These attacks, therefore, are not technical treason, just because treason is no skulk or coward. Neither are these attacks argument—a contest of intellect with intellect. They are truth less dribbling' of inanity, as it stands vacant and emasculated, muttering to each passer-by its inco herent twaddle. Let them be forever to his tory what the ravings 'of .tiliags of .. the.drama are "to a deed without a najit He dwelt upon the "honorable compromise, leged to be in the reach of the President and his friends on the Brat of March' 1861, when rebellion was fully organized, ready to march upon the capital, assassinate the President, and seize the Government' the situation of affairs when the six hundred and forty-one days, referred to. by . .1.11r. Cox, commenced—days which are charged with the blood of three hundred thousand Americans. In regard to this "honorable compro mise," to be made by the Administration with a knife at its throat, he supposes the election of Mr. Douglas, on thepruiciple of popular sovereignty, and that when New England or Ohio should revolt and seek to establish a separate Government, conspire to depose the newly-made President, and, with a knife at his heart, demand -the abandonment of popular sovereignty, and incorporation of.the Chi cago platform in the Constitution, with a provision that "no future amendment of the Constitution shall affect this article," and then these men would condescend to' live under his Government- and for bear the instant cutting of his throat. Would that be an " honorable compromise'?" Would therefusal of Mr. Douglas have been the cause of slaughter, disunion, and bankruptcy following? But he would beg the pardon of New. England for the supposition. Would the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Richard son) have accepted so favorable a compromise? He would withdraw the question—it was to assume that he played the traitor and to suppose him a dog, and a mean one at that, if he were so cowardly and mean-spirited to surrender a principle entrusted to his defence by the people, and lay down the Government at the foot of a monstrous, cause less rebellion. There was another reason why he would not accept so honorable a compromise had . he been a member of Mr. Douglas' Cabinet, at the threat of Southern rebellion. That gentle man, representing Mr. Douglas at the Charleston Convention, was called upon with Yancey's knife even then at his throat, to immolate himself and Mr. Douglas upon the funeral pyre of Democracy over which the torch was held, and to accept this compromise gamely : "It is the duty of the Federal Government in all its departments to protect, when necessary, all the rights of persons and property in the Territories, and wherever its constitutional au thority extends." And for this an assertion was asked, not in the Constitution, but in the party plat • form. For the sake of Union and Democracy did he make this "honorable compromise" Just here he re ceived a despatch from Mr. Douglas, saying : "Ac cept the Cincinnati platform and Dred Scott, but go not a step ‘t heyond. ' Here, Mr. Payne, of Ohio, explained, IV e cannot recede from this ground of non intervention - without personal dishonor, and so help me God we never wilL" And another dele gate, I feel, praise the Lord, I've got through eating dirt. I have eaten my peck, and want no more." And thus the gentleman (Richardson)re jected the honorable compromise, divided the Demo-. cratic party, and brought on the war ! •So it was - "personal dishonor" with Messrs. Payne and Rich ardson to disclaim their principles, and assert the opposite in a platform, but honorable for the Repub licans to thrust into the. Constitution the opposite of a principle just affirmed by the people. He then controverted - Mr. Vallandigham's assump tion that the,basis of , Republican organization, the principle that territories are free, is a "high crime" —referring to the teaching of eminent divines of all creed., jurists. of all. ages, and distinguished poets . of all times. Among examples of our statesmen he sluoted Washington ' s opinions on the question of avery, ,and of Jefferso ,Freinklin, Hamilton, . Henry, Wirt; Oriusford, M ason, Pendleton, Mar shall, Monroe,Xinkney, Lee, Randolph, and other lightsof the Republic. He alluded to the deeds of those 'men- in favor of freedom, in an ordinance of 1787, the act of 1803, and said it is only the non-aban donment of this 'principle at this threat of treason that is denounced as the cause of this rebellion : against Washingtoi's republic• as a crime in politics. and as that which makes the six hundred and fort ; days of this Administmurderers of three hundred thousand ci Childraii. .• He considered; atieme length, the - evidence that the leaders of the..ze.bellion would have spirned and" spit upon acceptance of compromise, so dishonbrable - to us—referring - to - the last public utterance of Doll-, glas, to the testimony of Reverdy Johnson, and of !Weep hiriseelf, who declared that the Cons titution needed no alteration. :He also alluded to the votes of the rebel leaders against compromise, and the fact that Mr. Lincoln's friends were in the minority in both -Houses, and could not raise by law money to pay one soldier, buy a gun or a pound of powder. - In view of these facts, he said he knew no phrase of sufficient power to reach the depths of the perfidy that justifies the treason, and places its crimes upon the heads of those who are the victims of its foul murderers. He would say to -Mr. Vallandigham, who plumed him self upon • his foresight in foretelling failure, and he would call-heaven and earth to witness the truth of his prediction, that if we do fail to deliver the Go vernment from rebellion against the rights of popu lar auffrage, republican institutions, and the rights of the poor man, then the failure will be due to the efforts here to alienate the people of this Govern ment from its support; and if the meditated purposes of Northern conspirators should at last be realized, history will record high on the rolls of this infamy the name of him who made these promises to rebel lion. • Enlistment of Colored Troops. The committee then rose, when ' Mr. STEVENS (Rep.), of Pennsylvania, offered the substitute for the bill as heretofore offered by hlin, authorizing the President to enroll, arm, and equirin the land and naval service, such number of volooteno OE African cleitoent as he may doein Witr. THE WAR PRESS,. (PUBLISHED WEEKLY.) Tire Was PRAM will be sent to subacribers by mail (per annum in advance) at 82.00 Five " " di 0.00 Ten .4 di 17.00 Twenty Co - ples" 32.00 Larger Clubs than Twenty Will be charged at the same rate, $1.60 per copy. The money must alwave accompany the order. and in no instance can these term, be derdatedivera , ae t l i 4 V qford eery little more than the coot of the paper. 463 - Postmasters are requested to act ae Meats for Tan Was Passe. To the getter-up of a Club of ten or twenty. extra copy of the Paper will be given. ful to suppress the present rebellion, for such term as he may_Presorlbe, not exceeding seven years, &c. lWr. HIGICALAN (Rep.) offered a substitute, au. thorizing the President to raise, not exceeding three hundred regiments of persons of African descent, or colored persons. to be uniformed, armed, equippod as he may direct, for a term of seven years, unless sooner discharged. Also, proposing to establish a line of steamers for the deportation of freed persons of color to Liberia. The House then adjourned. PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATURE. HARRISBURG, Jan. 21, NM. SENATE. The Senate ivaa called to order at II o'clock . . The SPEAKER laid before the Senate the annual report of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company; also, the, annual report of the Lykens Valley. Coal CoMpiiiiY; also, the report of the fliiladelphia Savings Institute; also, .a communication from- the Auditor General, transmitting a tabular statement of the number and rate of licenses for hotell; &c., in the several counties. Petitions. Mr. CONNBLL presented the petition of the president and - directors of the Commercial Bank for recharter. Mr. SMITH, the remonstrance of forty citizens of Montgomery county against legalizing the act of the commissioners appropriating $25,000 for bounties for volunteers. Mr. STBINi a petition from Lehigh county, for a law 'to prevent, the Lehigh Navigation Company from constructing dams above Mauch Chunk. • Mr. REILLY, one of like import; also; petitions for the recharter. of the Farmers' Bank of Schuyl kill county, and the Miners' Bank of Pottsville. Bills Introduced. •Mr. CONNELL, a'•bill to extend the charter of the Commercial Bank. Mr. RIESTAND, a supplement to the charter of the Lancaster, Lebanon, and Pinegrove Railroad •Company. , Mr. CLYMER, a bill relating to ground rents in Reading ; also, a bill authorizing Courts of Common Pleas to compel the recording of deeds and other instruments of writing. Mr.RIDG-WAY, a bill to incorporate the Mar shall Silver Mining Company. Bills Considered. On motion of Mr. STEIN, the supplement to the charter of the Lehigh and Delaware Water Gap Railroad Company was considered and passed finally. - On motion of Mr. PENNEY, the bill authorizing the commissioners of Allegheny county to compro mise with the holders or bonds, given in payment of railroad subscriptions, was considered and passed finally. On motion of Mr. LOWRY, the joint resolutions from. the House, requesting the Governor to call .upon the General Government to return sick and wounded soldiers from this State to hospitals in Pennsylvania, was considered and adopted. The bill for the extension of Bedford street was called up by Mr. NICHOLS, and referred to the Ju diciary Comniittee. The supplement to the act incorporating the How ard'Sunday-school-Building Association was passed finally. On motion v theSenate adjourned. HOUSE !. 411 '041941 1 e 7 /6 6 . _called to order at 11 o'clock A. M • w In /4A:4'11: Skate Debt. MtirtiOPOWS;:rotW.tilihington, chairman of the Commtttee on:•Ways -and .Neans, agreeably to re. solutions of instruction previously passed by the How, made a report in reference to Mr. VIN CENT'S bill,.providing for paying the interest on the State debt The bill, which was reported with a negative re commendation, proposes to borrow specie from the banks, at the rate of 4 per cent., to pay the interest, in consideration' of which the Commonwealth will further legalize the bank suspension. Another bill, introduced on Monday evening by Mr. SHANNON,"of Allegheny, and which had been referred to the committee, was also reported negatively. It was as follows : Be it enacted, etc., That the State Treasurer be, and he is hereby, authorized to exchange with any bank or banks in this Commonwealth, an amount of paper currency sufficient in nominal value to pay the inte rest on the debt of the State, due and payable on the first day of February, A. D. 1863, for the same amount of gold and silver coin, and to execute and deliver to the bank or banks through which such exchange shall be made, the bonds of the Common wealth, agreeing to pay four per cent. per annum as interest on the amount of difference in value be tween gold coin and paper currency at the time said exchange shall be made ; said interest of four per cent. to be payable annually in the legal-tender notes of the United States, or in gold, at the option of the Commonwealth. SEC. 2. That the Commonwealth shall re-ex change or return said gold and silver coin within , thirty days after the resumption of specie paymehts 1 by the banks of the States of New York, Massachu setts, and. Ohio. Sao. 3. That the bank or banks of this State making such exchange of gold and silver coin for The paper currency in the State Treasury shall not be required to resume specie payments until the re exchange provided for in the second section of this act shall be made and all the provisions of the brat section of an act entitled an act requiring the re- sumption of specie payments by the banks, sp. ? proved April 11, 1862, are hereby extended to such bank or banks until the said re-exchange be made by the . Commonwealth. If the banks of this Com monwealth shall tender to the State Treasurer, in exchange for paper currency, more gold and silver coin than shall be needed to pay said interest, it shall be the duty of the State Treasurer to receive from each bank so tendering a pro rata share of the amount as required in proportion to the capital stook of each bank. . A variety oramendments were offered this morn ing, when the House received the reportof the Com mittee of Ways and Means, and proceeded to the consideration of the original bill of Mr.. Vincent. Among others were the following Mr. CHAMPNEYS; of Lancaster, proposed the following amendment: First. That all laws imposing _a tax upon State loans, by which the treasurer ordisbursing officer of the Commonwealth is authorized to deduct the amount of such tax from the interest due and paya ble to the holder of such loans, are hereby repealed, and the amount of interest becoming due on the first of February, and the first of August next, and there after,§ shall be paid by the said treasurer without any deduction in the legal-tender notes of the United States. - • Second. The banks of this Commonwealth are re quired, in addition to the loans already made, if it should becbme necessary to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, defend the-State in war, or to redeem the ,present outstanding indebtedness of the State, to loan to the Commonwealth; at a rate of interest not exceeding five per cent., one:fifth of their capital stock, to' be apportioned among ths : several banks according to their respective anfounl4 of capital. Third. The banks of this Comnionwealth shall not be required to resume specie payments until the banks of New York and Ohio stud/ resume, and all the penalties imposed against the' non-payment of liabilities in coin are hereby repealed until such resumption as aforesaid. Idr. GROSS, of Allegheny, proposed the follow ing amendment : First. That The State Treasurer be authorized to receive, as a special deposit from banks and bankers, sufficient coin to pay the interest on the State debt due February Ist and August Ist, 1863, and to issue his certificate therefor, payable thirty days after demand. • - Second. That the Treasurer shall be authorized to deposit with the bank or bankers depositing the coin an equal amount of currency, with the present market value of the coin added as an equivalent for interest on the coin, and that the Treasurer be au thorized to terminate this arrangement with any and all the depositors on thirty days' notice." Third. That in case the market value of the coin should be less than at the time it is deposited, the Treasurer shall have the right to withdraw sufficient currency to make the deposit equivalent to its value at that time. , • . During the,discimsien of these various amend• meats, OHAMPNEYS, of Lancaster, spoke at length against paying . the interest in coin. .Pdr. GROSh of Allegheny, contended that it would be unjust and dishonest in the State to refuse to fulfil the agreement originally made with the holders of certificates of her indebtedness. .11r. 'VINCENT, of Erie, assumed the same pa sition. Mr. JOHNSON, of Crawford, declared that he would do nothing to aid in legalizing the suspension. of the banks. The Home then adjourned, on motion, until 3 P. X. AFTERNOON SESSION Upon reorganizing at 3 P. M., the calendar of pri vate bills was taken up, and a number of bills passed the first reading. Among them were the following : An act authorizing Robert Lindsay, of Philadel- . phia, to change a certain trust. A supplement to the act to incorporate the Ma hanoy and Broad Mountain Railroad. The consideration of the bill of Mr... Vincent, (to pay the State interest in coin,) with its amendments, was then resumed. None of the amendments were agreed to. . Finally, the yeas and nays being required, the ori ginal bill was lost. The House then adjourned. Wore. It is understood that the Committee of Ways and Means of the House, fifteen in dumber, were unanimous in favor of paying the interest in coin.] MISCELLANEOUS. SUGAR REFIINTKG IN CALIFORNIA The Pacific Sugar Refinery, now being erected on Har rison street, is up to its fifth story. It ie said to be the largest building in the State, with the exception of the United States fort at Fort Point. It is 140 feet front, 7. stories in height, and the superficial area of its floors measures 77 000 square feet. In ad dition, the boiler house is 50by 50 feet, and the char coal retort house 100 by fAll feet. It is announced to commence refining on the Ist March next. Its ma-. ehinery has been on the ground for some time.—San Francisco Evening Bulletin. . . HOW GAMBLER'S . THRIVE.—The rooms in. Cleveland occupied by Conlisk, a noted gambler, and one of those - concerned in the fleecing of Pay master Cook, were cleaned out by an execution lately, when some curious discoveries were made. There were peep-holes in the walls, through which an accomplice of the gambler, • stationed outside, could see the. hand of hts victim, and a system or wires and hammers tult.t. the floor by which he could communicate to h - r 4 ST the results of his observations.. The c o vanes looks very much like an infringement .o . patent . of the well known spirit-rapping.machine.. ~. , MR. LINCOLN'S` . T JOICEA....A Waihing ton correspondent of ,ii 'New England journal says that the President bake haggard and careworn, yet he preserves his gtxklhature, and some new sto ry or ton mot from him ill Abirays in circulation. The last nvc was uttered on Ss , at the public reception, when a Western pa ter. in full major's attire, was introduced, a :said : " Being here, Mr. Lin coln; I thought. Ed - teall and pay my respects." "From the complaints. of the soldiers," responded the President, " I gutss - that's about all any of you do pay." THE ARAB HORSES OF EX-GOVER NOR SEWARD.-=The Arabian horses of ex -Gov. Sewardovhich have attracted so much attention at the.annual,Airs of the State Agricultural Society, have beeiklet for the ensuing year to Win. Hurst, of Albany, and lion. E.'Cornell, of Ithaca. Mr. Hurst has the bay, - and Mr. Cornell the sorrel—A Mang WAR OF RACES IN CANADA.--Cesuiderable discussion la going on among the Canadian journala relative to the power and rights of the two nations of people; French and English,:of which the popula tion is composed. From the discussion, it appears that the Anglo-Saxon population is 127,000, while the French population is 850,000.. T33E CUEI - 1333E OF FLAX —English papers are agitating the subject of an increased aftention to the culture 'of flax as an oflket to the scarcity of cotton._'lt is well known that machinery has been perfectd for its manufacture both in this country and Eurnpe, and a permanent prosperity will no doubt result. ' 'MEASURING HAY.—!-Thelfollowing method of ascertaining the amount of hay in a mow we find recommended for those who may live a distance from hay-scales : Multiply the length by the breadth, and If the bay is somewhat settled, ten solid yards make a ton. Bay will take ten to twelve solid yards per ton. DESTINT.—A quaint old gentleman, in speaking of the different allotments of men, by which some betiome useful citizens and others worthless va grenta; by way of illustration, remarked, "So one slab of marble becomes a useful doorstep ] while suck. tiller becomes fl lying tombistooe,"