rpviE PRESS, EXOEPTED ’> pOB ny JOHN W, FORNEY. g m , ill SOKIH FOURTH STREET. Tl l DAILY PRES*. irirEtvs OBXTS run Week, payable to the Carrier. Z to Subscribers oat of the City at S.X Iduui 55 Fooh Dom,ars for Bioht Moxtbs, ? *" sbPoL u«s for Six bioxtbs— Invariably In ad for the time ordered. ’ THE Tltr-WEEKLY PRESS, jlailed to Subscribers out of the City at I'hreb Dol- SUMMER RESORTS. SPRINGS, CAMBRIA (I } l „ntjHTT, PA.—This delightful and popular place J" „ t eß ort, located directly on the line of the of .Xenia Railroad, on the summit of the Allegheny ?«' n 'L n 3, twenty-three hntidred feet above the levol of ® Man, will be open for gneats from the 10 th of June , ihelOtb of October. Since last season the grounds ••been greatly improved and beantifled, mid a num- Cottages have been erected for the accommoda- ? r °of families, rendering Oreseon one of the most mnntic and attractive plaoeß in the State. The furni f® I, being thorougtdy renovated. The seeker of iI««iro ami the sufferer from heat and disease will find .i.Mtions here in a ftrst-olass Livery Stablo, Billiard Slhloi, Tenpin Alleys, Baths, &o, ( together with the 1 ~,jt air and water, and the most magnificent mountain to be fotmd in the country. ... IC frirket3 good f° r the round trip from Philadelphia, from Pittsburg, 83.05, fnrther tnfonnatioa, address yor mrtae. Q, W. MULLIN', Oresson Springs, Cambria 00., Pa, GROVE HOUSE— fi SCBOOUEY’S MOUNTAIN SPRINGS, NEW ivKCEY,—the above popular Hotel la now ready for TiebUMMER SEASON, haring bean thoroughly set in order tor the accommodation of rlsltors to Schooley’s r OBBBTO ROVE is a most oapacions House, de r.-hifiiUy located, with wido-spreading towns, and com miildlsg a view of scenery nnsurpaased in attraction and i “«ti" and offers to visitors a auiet retreat irom the fnmioii’and bnstle of city life. t Having no exorbitant tent to pay, the proprietor of the FOREST GROVE HOUSE will accommodate families Jjj vijitors at os low a rate as a strict regard to the re. wctaMHty of the House will afford, The moderate rhsrat'S of this House, as compared with the neighboring i nnrdius houses, is a loaturo which must commend itself ‘.,‘r attention of families who do not desire to pay ox* - !‘L t .„ a ,itly for a lew weeks’ reoreation, TERMS— Sven doluabs per week. 6 Visitors to the FOREST GIIO-VB HOUSE wilt enjoy air, pleasant drive., finest scenery, and: the purest of chalybeate waters, whi’at its accessibility to the cities renders it among the most desirable of Inland resorts. 1 All communications addressed to the undersigned will awei with prompt attention. ■ ■ ,■ jjSS-emlm P, MATHEWS, Proprietor cTTbathim-. fH AT ■ W LONG BRANOn, MONMOUTH 00., N. 3. METBOPOOItAN HOTEL, NOW OPEN. Address J. H. A I. W. COOPER, jylO.lm* Proprietors. SEA BATHING. OCEAN HOUSE, OArE ISUAND, N. J., I. now onen for the reception of visitors. S,®.6w* ISRAEL LAMING, Proprietor. Stab hotel, (Keo r^„PPOsUe‘ a he:Un«ed mates Hotel,) SAMOEU ADAMS, Proprietor. EMnner 60 “»•*• Abo, Carriages to Hlro. _ BOAfdsrS ftCCOQUIIOuBtOu OH tII6 most rOQBOQ&olfl ieW ' 3m COLUMBIA HOUSE. Oj ATLANTIC CITY, SITUATED ON KENTUCKY AVENUE, Opposite the Bnrf House. ter Terns to suit the times. , jeJO-lkn EDWARD DOVER. Proprietor nIA-SIPBi HOUSE, ATIiAN TIG H ottY. Hi J. BY DAVID SOATTKBGOOD. ANEW PBIVATE BOARDING HODSK, beautifol- I f situated at the foot of Pennsylvania Avenue. Now open for visitors for the season. je2o-2m Mansion house, ATiAHTIO CITY, E. LEE, Proprietor. This Bouse having been thoroughly renovated and en tu-eedi Is new open ter permanent and transient boarders. Che MANSION HOUSE Is convenient to depot, churches, md test office. The bathing grounds are unsurpassed on the Island, The Bar is conducted by Sir. EBIEt,, of Philadelphia, who will keep superior wines, liquors, and choice brands of cigars. je2o-2m Eagle hotel, atlantio OITY, is now cron, with » LARGE ADDITION OF ROOMS. Board 87 per weak, bathing dresses included. Je2a-2m COTTAGE RETREAT, ATLANTIC CITY, is now open and ready for Boarders, A few choice Bioms can be obtained by applying soon. The Proprietor furnishes bis table with fresh milk from his sows, and fresh vegetables from his farm. ; ■ Also, about four hundred desirable Cottage and Hotel Sots for sale by M, McOLEES, je2o-2m Proprietor. 6 Proprietors. OHAS. W. NASH, ) . jyl7-thstnßn! A CARD.—THE UNDERSIGNEDj late of the GIBAP.D HOUSE, Philadelphia, have leesrf, for a term of jears, WILLARD’S HOTEL, in; Washington. They lake thl« ocoaeion to retnm to their ?“ Wends and customers many thanks for past favors, ■no beg to assure them that they will be most happ7 to Bee them in their new (luarters.' _ SYKES, OHADWIOK, & 00. wissntoTOsr, Jnivlfl. 1801. an23-ly STATIONERY & FANCY GOODS. Martin a quayles ***■ STATIONERY, tot, and fancy goods XHI P 0 B JVM , Ho. 10S6 WALNUT STBBHT, BBI.OW BLITBMTH, _L_ ___ COAX,. fjOAL.—THE UND ERSI ON E D beg leave to inform their friends and the tmblio limy have removed their LEHIGH GOAL DEPOT IS BOB RN*BTRKET WHABF, on the Delaware, te arl b north we fit corner of EIGHTH and WILLOW LitiiSnS'iS? the J iut f, nil t 0 keep the beat quality of loo?.* H COAL, from the moat approved mines, at the ‘•west prices. Your patronage la reßpeottnUy soiioited. jos. Walton & co„ Office, 112 South SEOOND Street. EIGHTH and WILLOW.. mhl-tf CABINET FURNITURE. fjABINET FURNITURE AND 33IL CIAKD TABLES. Moore & campion, „ No ' 201 South SEOOND Street, noalil'» on witli their ext naive Cabinet Business, .Are w ®»nnfaetnring a superior article of MILLIARD TABLES, kwina?® . no „ < '. 0,1 hanii a 10,1 supply, flniabad with the FhlcW. 4 Oam PION’S IMPROVED CUSHIONS, who have used them to be 5 t i a ‘* ti ' Bt "I finish of these Tablea the manu re Unlo., t 0 nomerrua patrons throughout union, who are familiar with the character of thoir -- ml, fti26-0:n Worm an & ely, no. 130 pegg 2ABH B om t iSH^ , “ 0 i tarer * P f »•*“* CAST-STEEL HiTlON 3 KntpV ’wrSW* lately, patented COMBI- Bni SPOON, especially ***«n by ita exoeUence and cheapness, tthioh thar u oUetT now to the market, and ,BTt “ «" *‘*® n «^* VOL. 6-NO. 2. "Dargains in dry goods. -*-r The following lots will be sold at a great sacrifice to close them out—viz: lets Black Silk ana Wool Challies at 18c, worth Five pieces Barege Angle at 4c, worth 100. Five pieces plain Baroge at 12}£o, Also, a iargo lot of Shetland Shawls, at very low prices, splendid for travelling or at watering places. At JOHH H. STOKES’, 702 ABOH Street. Tweeds and c assimeres. 1,600 yards heavy Oassimores, just opened. A!so, 1,000 yards all. wool Tweeds,' 62 to 78 cents. Sommer and Fait Oassimeres, a full stock. Men’s and Boys’ wear, our stock is complete. DOMESTICS. •Bloaebed and Brown Shirtings. Bleached and Brown Sheetings. Ootton Flannelß, Botnet, ail wool, and Saojue do, Cotton Goods, at lowest market rates. HONIY-COMB QUILTS. * Marseilles and Lancaster Quilts. Bathing Flannels, Mosquito Nets. Linen Table Damasks and Napkins. Cheap lots of 4-4 heavy Irish Linens. CLOSING OUT. .< Silk Mantles, Thin Busters, Lace Goods. Boys’ Summer Clothing. Thin Dress Goods, Black Tamartines. . Ohallies, Mohairs, Mozambiques, &c. COOPER & OONARD, jy3l-tf S. E. corner NINTH and MARKE t sts. 'QUMMEII STOCK. O During July *nd Angnst we will sell Summer Bress Goods, such as Lawnß, Organdies, Bareges, and their fabrics, at very low prices to clear the stock. Tne assortments are still fair, and the goods of this Mason’s purohase. 102 4 CHESTNUT STREET. Invites the special attention of Ladies who in tend spending the summer ont of town to a very large assortment of MADE-UP GOODS just re ceived, in SLEEVES, SETS, HANDKERCHIEFS, ‘ <£c., in every variety of material. Also, a large assortment of MUSLIMS, suitable for GARIBALDIS, &0., togolher with every va riety of WHITE GOODS, LINENS, LACES, EMBROIDERIES, HANDKEROH’FS, VEILS So . ■ : : ; Just opened per latest arrivals front Europe an invoice of very beautiful and entirely new styles PUFFED FRENCH CAMBRIC, for GARIBALDI’S, MODE: GRENADINE VEILS, and SWISS COLLARETTE RUFFLING for trimming thin Dresses, etc—a new and very de sirable article. Also, an invoice of 1024 CHESTNUT STREET TAS. K. CAMPBELL Os Oo.: If 727 CHESTNUT STREET, OFFER AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, Very choice Goods of recent importation. Black Silk Checked Grenadine, extra anatity. Foulard Silks, elegant styles and fine quality. Black Bilks, best brandß. Broche Barege, Hernanis and Mozambique*. 8-4 Paris Til d’Chevre. Poil d’Ohevre, all wool filling. Grenadine Veilß, in mode and other Bhades, WHITE GOODS AND LINENS In great variety, at extremely low prioOß. rj-OOD MUSLINS BY THE PIECE. x3T Now York Mills Shirting. Wamsnttas, 'Williamsrille, Whitorocka, Sheeting, Mnslins, first qnalitr. EYBK & LANDEEIi, FOTJETH and AIIOH. o.OOD FLANNELS, UNBHEINKA- VjT BLB.—Wolah and Baxoni Flannels. Ballard Yale Flannels. Magenta Colored Sackings. EYBE 4 LiNDBIjXj) FOURTH and ARCH. H STEEL & SON, • So. 718 North TENTH St, nhovo COATES. Are now closing out their entire stock of IANOY SILKS, BAREGES, OHALLIES, MOZAMBIQUES, ORGANDIES, JACONET AND CAMBRIC LAWNS, TRAVELLING MIXTUBE3, end SUMMER DRESS GOODS, Of all kinds, ftt EXTRAORDINARY LOW PRICES. LACE GOODS BKDUCBD. #25 Lace Mantles reduced to SIS. 820 Laoe Montlos reduced to 810. *lB Lace Mantles reduced to 88. £lB Lace Mantles reduced to £7. *l2 Lace Mantles reduced to £5. £lO Lace Mantles reduced to 554. 38 Laee Pointes reduced to $3, £l2 Lace Pointes reduced to $5. £lB Lace Pointes reduced to £B. £25 Lace Pointes reduced to 312. SILK COATS AND BACQUE3. Closing out UNDER COST PRICES ■\TEW SPRING PRINTS, il CHOICE BTTLSB. MBBBIMAOS, BPBAGDE, PACIFIC, - ALL TWELVE AND A HALE CENTS. A Urge lot beet styles and fast colors at 10c. ... „ _ OOWPKBTHWAIT A 00., aanlD-tf It. VT. oor, SIOIXTE and EMBROIDERIES, WHITE il GOODS, Ao.—Just opened, a general assortment of desirable French and Scotch Noedlo-worked Bands, Edgings, Insertings, Handkerchiefs, Collars, Sleeves, etc., at very low prices. ALSO, A full line of ail descriptions of White Goods for Ladies’ wear, of the most approved makes. BBEFPABD, VAN HABLINGEN, A ABBISON, je4 1008 OHESTCTDT Street. p 003) BLACK D8J833 SILKS. V3T Heayy-corded Dress Silks. Glossy Black Dress Silks. Widows’Silks, without gloss. ETBE & LANDKiiti, FOURTH and ARCH. THE UNDERSIGNED, SUOCES SOBS to OHAFFKES, STOUT, Si CO., hare THIS DAT formed a copartnership, under the firm of STOUT & ATKINSON, for the purpose of conducting the "Wholesale Dry Goods business, and have taken the store, No, 623 MARKET Street. PhiladblphiA, Ju1y.21,1862 TVTOTICE.—ME. WM. K. HEMP JLI HIXiXi’S interest in onr honse ceased on tbe 31et TWKLLS & 00., 118 NOETH WHABVES. May. jyl-lm mHB COPARTNERSHIP heretofore J_ existing tinder the firm of SIEGED, BAIBD, & 00., is this day dissolved. FETEB BIEGEB, JACOB BIEGEB, TO. 8. BAIBD, JOHN WIEST. Joss 30. jyl-8w OF LIMITED PARTNER JL3> SHIP. —The snhsorlbers hereby give notice that they have entered Into a limited partnership, agreeably to the provisions of the several laws of the Common wealth of Pennsylvania relating to limited partnerships. That the name of the firm under which said partner ship is to be conducted is BIEGEB, WIEST, & EB yiN. ■ That the general nature of the business Intended to be transacted is the Importing and Jobbing of Dry Goods. That the nameß of the General and Special Partners, all of whom reside in the city of Philadelphia, are JACOB BIEGEL, General Partner, residing at 627 North Sixth street; JOHN WIEST, General Partner, residing at 822 New street; D. B. ERVIN, General Partner, residing at 1515 Girard ayonne; HENRY S. FIS'IEIt, General Partner, residing at 410 North Third street: JOSIAH RIEGEL, General. Partner, residing at 416 North Third street; PETER SIEGEP., Special Partner, residing at 717 North Eighth street; WI. B.' BAIRD, Special Partner, residing at the Continental Hotel. , That the aggregate amount of the capital contributed by* the Special Partners to the common stock is One Hundred Thousand Dollars, of which Fifty Thousand Dollars in cash has been so contributed by Peter Sieger, Special Partner, and Fifty Thousand Dollars in cash has been so contributed by Wm. S. Baird, Special Partner, That the said partnership is to commence on the first day of July, A. B. 1882, and Is to terminate on the firßt day of January, 1865. JACOB BIEGEIi, JOHN WIKST, D. B. EBVIN, HENBT S. FIBTEB, - JOSIAH BIEGEB, PETI’B SIEGER,) jyl-ew WM. S. BAIBD, 5 s rpo FAMILIES RESIDING ■ in the RURAL DISTRICTS. We are prepared, as heretofore, to supply Families at their country residences with every description of FINE GROCERIES, TEAS, &a„ &0. ALBERT 0;R0BEB3S, je2l-tf 00BNEJ5 ELEVENTH AND YIN® STS. MACKEREL, X V 160 Bbls New Largo No. 8 Mackerel. 160 Half Bbls “ « « In store and and for sale by ‘ MURPHY & KOONB, jel4.tr Ho. 146 North WHABYSS. PHILADELPHIA. MACKEREL, HERRING, SHAD, LvJL &0., i-o. 2,600 Bbls Mass. Nos. 1,2, and 3 Mackerel, late caught fat flah, in assorted packages. 2,000 Bbls New Eastpor,!, Fortune Bay, and Halifax Herring. . ■ . ■ ' >*'..■ ■"' 2,600 Boxes Lnbeo, Scaled, and No. 1 Herring. ISO Bbls New Mess Shad. 260 Boxes Herkimer County Cheese, So. In store and for sale by MTJBPHY A KOONB, jel4-tf No. 146 North WHABVES. LATOUR OLIVE 01L.—463 baskets LATOUB OLIYB OIL, just received, and for sale by JADBETOBB A LAYBBGNE, 202 and 204 South FBONT Street. CAUTION.—Having seen a spnrions article of Oil branded “J. Latonr,” we caution the pnbiio against .pnrchaßlng the same, as the genuine J. Latour Oilcan be procured only from ns. 1 , i JABBHTOHE 6LAYBBGNE, myl3-tf 202 and 204 South FRONT Street CkRAIN PlPE.—Stona Ware Dram mJ Pipe from 2to 12-inch bore. 2-inch bord, 260 per yard; 3-fnch bore, 800 per yard; 4-inch bore, 400 per yard; 6-inch bore, 600 per yard; 6-inch bore, 650 per yard. Every variety of connections, bends, traps, 1 and hoppers. We are bow prepared to twniab pipe to any mantity, and on liberal terms to dealers and those pur chasing to large quantities. _ _ ORNAMENTAL CHIMNEY TOPS.—Vitriaod Terra Jotta Chimney Tops, plain and ornamental deeigns, war ranted to stand the action of coal gas or the weather in snv climate. ’ - • . • GARDEN YASEB, —A great variety of omamenta carden Vases, to Terra Cotta classical designs, all sizes, wd warranted to stand, the weather. Philadelphia Terra Cotta Works, Offlce and Wars looms * 1010 CHESTNUT Street, *ie™tf B. A. HABBIBOM. ICKER’S AND FAHNESTOCK’S FARINA - jyl6 No. 107 Bouth WATER Street. RETAIL DRY GOODS. SHARPLESS BROTHERS, CHESTNUT and EIGHTH Streets, E. M. NEEDLES PURE WHITE FRENCH PLAID ORGANDIES. - jyl COPARTNERSHIPS. D, B. EBYIN, H. B. EISTEB, JOSIAH RIEGER, GROCERIES AND FRO VISIONS. A year ago, certain lectures on the Science of Language, before the Royal Institution of Great Britain, excited as much attention among the fashionable as well as the literary circles of London as did Sir Humphrey Da. vy’s celebrated lectures on Chemistry, in the same place, at the commencement of the pre sent century. At first thought, such a subject .as Comparative Philology would not seem at tractive and popular,—-for the history of lan guages and the nature of human speech are apparently" “caviare to the general,”—but Max Muller, the lecturer, was well known to have mastered his subject. His style as a .writer is singularly clear and captivating, and, : only a few months before, he had stood a contest at Oxford University, of which he is a member, for the professorship of Oriental languages, in which he was. defeated,—partly by the superior influence of his opponent, and 1 partly by, a series of recommendations from The Times,, so strongly imperative that many persons voted against Max Muller, to. show their dislike to being dictated to by a newspa per. • With all its power, the advocacy of The Tnnes has sometimes injured those whom it appeared desirous of serving. The Lectures were published, as a hook, soon after delivery, and ME Charles Scribner,: a New Foik publisher of no small taste and j udg ment, has republished them, in a handsome post Bvo. volume of 416 pages, printed at the Riverside press. We have no intention-of re viewing this work; a daily journal has no space for such a criticism, in these times of war news and political speculation, but we shall draw attention to some of its statements, curious or interesting, and, perhaps, induce some of our readers to peruse the book itself. First, let us more particularly mention who and what its author is. Frederic-Max Muller, now in his thirty-ninth year, was born in Dessau, in North Germany, a thriving town on the Elbe, sixty-seven miles southwest of Berlin, as LippincoWsGazetteer very exactly informs us. Of this town, Men delsohn, the great musical composer, was also a native. His father was a German poet. Max Muller was educated at the University of Leipsic, where, under the tuition of Hermann Brockhaus, he devoted himself almost exclu sively to the study of Sanskrit. In 1844-45, he extended this course of study at Berlin, under Professors Bopp and Schelling, noted orientalists. In 1545, being then in his 22d year, Muller went to Paris to procure materi als for an edition of the “ Rigveda,” with the commentary of Siiyanacarya. In the follow ing year, recommended to tho East India Company, by the late 11. H. Wilson, Boden Professor of Sanskrit, in the University of Oxford, ho proceeded to London, and thence to Oxford, where his work was published at the expense of the East India Company, 1849-54, in Unco volumes. In 1850, he was appointed Deputy Tayloriau Professor of Literary Hißtory and"'Comparative Grammar in the University of Oxford, and in 1851 ad mitted an honorary member of the University, and also nominated honorary member of the University of Munich. In 1851 ho was elected Professor of Modem European Languages— the chair, indeed, having been expressly created for him. Among Max Muller’s works, the most noticeable, besides the “Rigveda,” are translations from the Sanskrit; a treatise “On tho Comparative Philology of the Indo- European Languages in its bearing on the Early Civilisation of Mankind,” (which gained the Volney prize in 1849;) “Buddhism and Buddhist-Pilgrims « History of Sanskrit Literature,” ana cumriwi<>»» to Tuum-pw ■ riodicals. He is probably the best Oriental scholar in Europe, and writes.the English lan guage with as much ease, elegance, expres sion, and force, as if he had known it even from infancy. We new proceed to point out some notabilia in Muller’s Lectures,. . ’Without actually counting the number of words in some dictionary accepted as correct, no one can tell how many words the English language possesses. Dr. Worcester claims to give 22,000 words and meanings not given in any other English dictionary. Knowles, (fa ther of Sheridan Knowles, the dramatist,) published a Dictionary in 1835, in which he stated the number of words, given by him, at 90,000 —or 20.000 more than given by Dr. Johnson, and 55,000 moie than by either Sheridan or Walker. It may be assumed, that including compounds and the variations caused by grammatical rales, there cannot be less than 125,000 words in the English lan guage. J. W. STOUT, T. T. ATKINSON. jy22-lm* ■ On tills point Mas Muller says, “ Thomme rel stated the number of words in the Dic- tionaries of Robertson and Webster as 48,566. Todd’s edition of Johnson, however, is said ,to contain 58,000 words , and the later editions of Webster hare reached the Dumber of 70,000, counting the participles of, the present and perfect as independent vocables, Fiiigel esti mated the number of words in his own Dic tionary at 94,464, of which 65,085 are simple, 29,379 compound. This was in 1843, and he then expressed a hope that in his next edition the number of words would far exceed 100,000. This is the number fixed upon by Mr. Marsh as the minimum of the copia vocabulorum in English! ; - Add to this total such of the slang a 3 has been engrafted upon our ordinance, and the words, now nearly obsolete, which still turn up in old authors, and we may fairly coun -125,000 words in the English language, being nearly thrice as many as the Chinese have. Against this, put the fact that the vocabulary of the ancient sages of Egypt, as least as far as is known to us from the hieroglyphic in scriptions, is estimated by Bunsen to amount to about 685 words; in Sharpe’s “ Egyptian Hieroglyphics,” in IS6I, the number of hiero glyphic groups amounts to 2030. Yet, it may be presumed, the Egyptians even with this paucity of words found no difficulty in ex pressing themselves ? The curious thing is that, with some 125,000 . English words, people can get on with very few. Mr. D’Orsey, a philologist of ability, records that a country clergyman in England told him that some of the laborers in his pa rish had not 300 words in their vocabulary. On the average, the children of persons with ordinary education do not use more than 200 words, until the age of ten. Max Muller says: “A well-educated person in England, who has General Partners. iciel Partners. SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1862. Curiosities of Our Language.* been at a public school and at the University, who reads his .Bible, his Sbakspeare, The Times, and all the books of Mudie’s Library [t. c. nineteen-twentieths of all the books pub lished in England], seldom uses more than 8,000 or 4,000 words in actual conversation. Accurate thinkers and_ close reasoners, who avoid vague and general expressions, and wait till they find the word that exactly fits/their meaning, employ a larger stock; and eloquent speakers may rise to a command of 10,000. Shakspeare, who dis played a greater variety of expression than probably any writer in any language, produced all his plays with about 15,000 words. Mil ton’s works are built up with 8,000; and the Old Testament says all that it has to say with 5,642 words.” The history of particular words has exer cised Max Muller greatly. Some of them are eccentric and amusißg enough. Let us men tion a few. The word cat (the German kalze) is supposed to be an imitation of the sound made by a cat spitting. But, we are told, if the spitting were expressed by the sibi lant, that sibilant does not exist in the Latin caius, nor in cat, or killen, nor in the German hater. "The Sanskrit mtijara, cat, might seem to imitate the purring of the cat; but it Is derived from the root mrij, to clean, mar jar a meaning the animal that always cleans itself.” Who can perceive any relationship between words so dissimilar in spelling and meaning as Lectured on tlio Science of Language. By Max ' Mfllleri M. A., Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford; ] : Corresponding Member of the Imperial Institute of i France,. From* the second , London edition, revised. 1 vol. poet Bvo, pp. 416. New York: Charles Scribner. Philadelphia; J. B, Lippinoott A Co. PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1862. thunder, tender, and thin ? Max Muller says “ Thunder is clearly the same as the Latin. iomtru . The root is tan, to stretch. Prom this root tan, we have in Greek lottos, our tone, tone being produced by* the stretching and vibratfog of cords. In Sanskrit, the sound thunder is expressed by the same root tan, but in the derivatives tanyu, tanyaiu, and tanayilnu, thundering, we perceive no trace of the rumbling noise which we imagined we perceived in the Latin ionitru and the Eng lish thunder. The very same root tan, to stretch, yields some derivatives which are anything but rough and noisy; The English tender, the French tendre, the Latin tener are derived from it. Like tenuis, the Sanscrit lanu, the English thin, lever meant originally what "was extended over a larger surface, then thin, then delicate. The relationship between tender, thin,' and thunder would be hard to establish if the original conception of thunder had really been its rumbling noise. ' . r . Again: —The Latin word homo , the French I’homme, which has been reduced to on in on dit, is derived from the game root which we have in humus, the soil, humilis, humble. Homo, therefore, would express the Idea of a being made of the dust of the Catth. Mortal comes from the Sanskrit Marta, he who dies. .Man from the . Sanskrit Ma.' To treasure means to think, as derivative. From this the Sanskrit maim, originally thinker, then manj the Gothic man, and the German matiiii The common contraction Sir, may be traced back t O-Sienr, contraction of Seigneur, modifi cation of Senior, older, a Latin translation of the German Elder, which was a title of honor —still used in Mdennan, and in what is origi nally the same, the English Earl, the Norse Jarl, a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon Ealdor. For the benefit of the fair sex, we shall show how the word Madam has been formed. Ma dam and Sir are Norman words,imposed on the Anglo-Saxons by their Norman con querors. The Norman Madam is traced to the French Madame, a contraction of the Latin Mea domina, my mistress. Domina was changed into domna, donna, and dame, and the same word Dame was also used as a masculine in the sense of Lord, as a corrup tion of Domino, Domno, and Donnb. The French exclamation Dame ! simply means Lord! Dame-Diev, in old- French, is Lord God. A derivative of Domina, mistress, was dominicella, which became Demoiselle . and Damsel. The pronunciation of words has much changed in the course of time. The word mercan-file in England is disfigured in Ame rica as mercan-fecZ. Rome, China; lilac, and gold were pronounced Roome, Chaney , layloc, and gootd in the last century. When an Irish washerwoman talks of “ a raking pot of tay and gets laughed at, she might cite the autho rity (did she but know it) of Pope, who has this couplet: Where thou, great Anna, whom these realms obey, Bust sometimes counsel take and sometimes tea the last word being pronounced tay, as by the Irishwoman. The tendency of a language is to deteriorate, we fear. The French of Cornielle, Moliere, Racine, and Voltaire would seem rather stiff ana ronu»i-m-Erance, at the present time. In what is called King James’ "translation of tile Bible, in 1611, are now 888 obsolete words— or nearly one-fifteenth of all the words in the Bible. Every year, the English language be comes less stately. Bus and cab are natural contractions of omnibus and cabriolet. In this country, vulgar words soon become common. We can have no opinion of the man who would write “ Mrs. Cunningham’s bogus baby,” or (despite its pretended Greek derivation) sub stitute the abominable skedaddle for run away. Bushwhacker and Secesh are frightful words created during the present war, and worthy of base companionship with skedaddle. Any one wilfully using such vile words should he tried Jjy_3-d cumhead court-martial of school-mas-• ters, imprisoned'ni a , -V— anrl lowed no stronger drink than an infusion of orthography, which is easily marie by steeping two leaves of Worcester or Webster in a quart of iced water, and filtering it through char coal. . The literature in which bad-spelling is, a substitute for hunivr has greatly injured the language." In this, ThacKeray" aif«r-j>rpres3<>r ■ Lowell, highly educated men, have much to answer for. It is possible to write in a familiar manlier without running into vul garity, "and we should be glad to see our young writers aim at perspicuous expression and eschew- the abomination, so full of pre tence, of “ fine-writing —for nothing is harder reading. A man cannot put h's thoughts, if he have any, into language tco plain. Good writing, like good speaking, consists in simplicity and force -of diction, and not in inflated, curiously balanced, j>r elaborately constructed sentences.. The best writing is hut a degree above the best cai versatiom—and that, only because the wriler has a little more time to select his words tin the speaker has. f U. S. Army Hospital at "West Philadelphia. The ; United Stales Army'General Ho3piti at 'West Philadelphia is, in all respects, the most »m -pieteand extensive in the Union. Its looatita is close to the intersection of Forty-fourth and Pine streets, being the very highest position in the pity. It isupon an eminence affording a fine view y the rebels upon the exchange of more owing to the demur of our Government at deliver ing jup Political prisoners in exchange for military prisoners,, as required by the rebel Government: No hesitation should be used. The demand should he immediately complied with, notwithstanding its impppriety. We have yet 5,000 sickand wounded in Bjchmond prisons, with miserable fare, no change of Nothing, no new bandages, and deficient attend ant?. Of these, the chief rebel surgeon says 1,000 wiiidio. No time.should bo lost. Etiquetto should notbo considered. The reliof of one groaning man Is; worth all the etiquette, and.all the political trators in creation. -'jhe steamer Georgia hero this morning, wiji 130 exchanged rebel prisoners, from Washing ton, on their way up the James river, under charge ofpaptain Higgins and Lieut. Miller. The officers’ mines aio Colonel Reynolds, 29th Mississippi Regi jriwt; Captain Monighan, 6th .Louisiana; Lieut. GlumeT, Wheat’s Battalion; Lieut. Mosby, Vir giiia Cavalry; Capt. Bryant and Lieut. Caywood, Corps ; Lieut. Plaster, 2d Virginia Cavalry; Ifleut. Thompson, 24th Virginia Cavalry ; Lieut. James, Ilth Virginia Cavalry. N. ■ I LETTER FROM NORFOLK. [Special Correspondence of The Press.] % ■ : V ■' Norfolk, July 30,1862. dibits Cumberland careening in the distance spot of the Monitor and Merriniao; the Eip-S«, fJi _ seeming, afar off, but an island of loose roeks ; the batteries of Scwall’s'Point, erected by rebels, who were shelled out by Onion cannon, and, as the city is approached, innumerable piles, driven in the -jcjyer by the Confederate authorities as obstruc tions to Union Teasels. Between these, in the Centre of the channel, a space eighty feet wide is now open, revealing, an ion gf the huge stakes rising above ; the water. TEis~to-wn;Tmu - exception of a little life exhibited on the main street, may be called a city of silence. The stores on that highway are half of them closed, and their yellow shutters, begrimed with dirt, bespeak hopeless bankruptcy. On the by-streets, dwelling after dwelling may be seen with doors and windows hermetically sealed; grass on the brick pavement in front; moss in the interstices of its black ened stone steps; a pall of gloom over shadowing the dingy brick. wails, and its garden, overgrown with grfisa and stalwart weeds. The heads of these, houses have joined the rebel army, while the fornale members have fled to slave- State localities, in many directions. A few steps from Main street reveals a tall, showy lodge of I. 0. of 0. F., indeed, who have gone to fight for —they know not what. Its portals, blinds, and basement stores are also shut, and: farther on a sad little church, of blackened brick, lend 3 the sanc tion of religion to the general deoay. Its name is St. Paul’s; date of erection, 1719. Its yard lias evidently been subjected to an earthquake. Gray, old gravestones of last century lean towards each other in gloomy fellowship,Andtombs of crumbling brick, destitute of slabs, axe embowered by weep ing willows and tangling weeds. An organ faintly sounds. I enter. A lady organist is practising, while a little negro is pumping at the bellows. The dim, gray walls are stained with trickling rain, the windows soiled, the pews of sombre walnut. Heaven should be bright, indeed, to atone for this gloomy gateway ! Around and within this town are marshes, which the lot-owners have lacked the enterprise to fill. Though nominally salt, the water is but Brackish, and, in addition to crops of mosquitoes and of frogs, breeds sufficient malaria to warrant the posting of an order, by the military Governor, that their pro prietors should fiE them up. No response comes. The proprietors are in the rebel army, and the muddy marshes still fester in the sun. Pour addi tional orders have recently been posted on the street walls. I will cite : “ Civilians are strictly prohibited to carry wea pons, either openly or concealed, upon penalty of arrest. »' “No trader wiU in future he allowed to sell any greater quantity than ; one pound of tea and one half bushel of salt, to any purchaser whatever, un 'less upon a written permission from these head quarters.”: This is to prevent smuggling supplies to Rich mond. ' “ All passes for fishing or other use of boats are hereby revoked. Holders of such prsses will re turn them to the provost marshal’s office at once, when theywi 1 be renewed, if deemed expedient.” This is .to prevent letter oarrying. “ Assemblages in the street, for purposes of poli tical discussion, being provocative of civil disturb ance, are positively forbidden; and the exhibition of badges and flags being indicative of disloyal sen timent, will not be tolerated. Parents will be held responsible for the conduct of their children in this particular.” . .. ■ . Theae are all signed Brigadier General Military Governor Egbert Jj. Vide. A word upon this gentleman. Grave charges exist against him by Union men of a carolo33noss of their interests, and an undue partiality towards Secessionists. They assert that he neglects the duties of his position, and spends much time in trifling talk with Secession inhabitants of the place, both male and female, who visit him daily by soores. To many of these he has granted passes to the North without requiring an oath of allegiance, when Union men of humbler social grade have had difficulty in obtaining them. He broke up, not long ago, a Union Association; numbering over six hun dred members, ' under plea that it gave offence to the Secessionists and led to quarrels; and also re fused to muster in three hundred Union recruits raised by Col. Watson, and authorized by both Go vernor Pierpont and the Secretary of War, without vouchsafing a reason. Prom a charity fund of $1,500, intended for Union people, he is said to have distributed, last week, a portion to needy Se cessionists. A Union man, disorderly under the in fluence: of liquor, ho has punished by imprison-: •mont, while a Secessionist of a loading family, amenable for a similar cause to the same retribu tion, he has dismissed with a reprimand. Information has been repeatedly given him of the carrying of privato mails to Eichmond, The route has been indicated, and a mode pointed out for the arrest of offenders. Ho gave no ear, and the recent apprehension of Stevens and Williams, engaged in that pursuit, was entirely through the enterprise of Colonel Saunders, of the 19th Wis consin; who, as officer of the day, gavo the subject especial attention. Those men are now in prison ; hutfparßaro entertained of tboir dismissal. . Great • complaint is made of the currency. Bills of Nor folk banks are worth iittle or nothing at the North, and but slightly more at heme, where many refuse them. General Viele is required to request these banks to redeem their bills, at least in part, with specie or treasury notes, that business men may purchase goods. If they cannot do so, they should acknowledge the faot and confess their weakness, that men may know their standing. General Viele does not comply. It may be remarked that wealthy Secessionists, who are intimate with the bank" directors, betray no lack of specie, and have abundance for their needs. As a corollary to all this, "Union men, of whom - their are five thou sand in Norfolk and the neighborhood, who have taken the oath of allegiance, are said universally to condemn him, while the Secessionists invariably pronounce him a “ gentleman.” General Viele is universally esteemed among his acquaintances as a man of polished manners, and a good fellow. He findsamong Secessionists persons of similar attributes; and naturally entertains towards them a kindly feeling. Both he and his wife receive and return their visits. -Unionists here do not enlist their attention, because they are of- a different social circle, and not because, as is asserted, Viele and his wife are. Secessionists at heart. These manifestations of good fellowship iriay be allowable in private individuals, but it is doubtful whether, in his official position, General Viele has a right to display them. His intercourse "with the enemies of his country should bo strictly of a business nature, arid distinctly conducted, and, moreover, there is no reason why he should not enforce a : universal taking of the oath, or request refusers to depart within the rebel lines. Our nation is now struggling for existence, and unarmed enemies among us constantly betray the move ments of pur troops. To guard against this, it is but fair that those who persistently acknowledge themselves inimical should leave. They cannot complain. The Confederate Government has treated Unionists in precisely the same way, much to their pecuniary loss. It is said that General Viele has been ordered by the War Department to parry out this policy, but remonstrates against it. The harm it may do will be to send the few dozen Seces sionists yet unen listed into the rebel army, but it Cannot make enmity more determined-than it already exists. , Leniency merely creates a per sonal regard for the official who exorcises it, but does not conciliate Secessionists in the slightest de gree towards the Government he represents. They ssy that if thus coerced into an oath, they will not consider it binding. Very good ; but it debars them, on pain of being shot, from aiding the ene my, and they , will be careful to refrain from doing so. The powerful steamer Dirigo, now lying at this place, with an apparatus attached for raising sunken objects, will proceed immediately to Hatte ras Inlet, to raise various sunken property, lost during the Burnside expedition. The commander is Captain L. B. Pratt. The propellers Wasp and Emily are being rapidly repaired here, with a view to joining the Aroostook propeller, which already runs between Norfolk and Currituck, to connect with a daily line from Roan oke and Ncwbern, North Carolina. The Petersburg Railroad has been put in good order as far as Suffolk, and a new locomotive, tho “ United States Government,’’.came rattling over it yesterday for the first time. The tracks are rusty, and have been long guiltless of wheel-grease. BATTLE OF THE CACHE, ARKANSAS. 400 Against 2,000.--“ Terrible Carnage”- Col. Hovey in Command-. Official Report. HEADQUARTERS 2d BRIGADE, GEE. StbEI.E’S BIYISIOX, A. S. W., July 7.1662. Catt. : Pursuant to orders, I directed Col. Harris, with parts of four companies of his Begiment, the 11th Wisconsin Infantry, and parts of fonr companies of the 33d Diihois Infantry, and one small steel gun of the Ist Indiana Cavalry, in all a little less than four hundred men, to make a reconnoissanoe In advance of our lines. He fell in with the rebel pickets at Hill’s plantation, and fired on them. Passing the forks of the road at this place towards Bayou Boyiew, he had proceeded but a short distance when I overtook and turned him back, with instructions to hasten down the De 3 Arc road, and if possible rescue a prisoner just captured. He marched rapidly for half a mile, and fell into an ambush. The woods swarmed with rebels, and the firing was terrific. I have since learned that over two thousand Texastro-ps were hero drawn up in line of battlo. Capt. Miller led our advance, and waß immediately followed by First Lieut. Cheesebro, both of whose companies were de ployed as skirmishers. These companies began the fight. The little cannon was planted ri short distance to the left of the road and opened fire. _T.herebAl advance fell back - on the main line, which was concealed by thick underbrush fromourmen. Col. Harris pushed on his advance until they came within range when suddenly the enemy began amurderors-fire. r Onr force thus fiercely and unexpect edly assailed was ordered to fall back, and in executing . this order fell into some little confusion. The Bangers charged. Bere Colonel Harris was severely wounded,' but stiil kept his horse and, though fainting, fonght. I bad now reached the field. The rebels, a full regiment strong, wore charging at a galiop on the little steel gun , which was left with Lieut. Benneman and odb man. All others were gone. Captain Potter with his company here came to the rescue, aided in limbering up and with stood the. charge of cavalry till iheguu had fairly gained - tha.rc;ad, when it wasbaken in charge by Lieut. Par-' tryfio- tc yr^-ir; , V^‘‘aairiour , "-»«uiidc-d. \ infau&v'mto the oornfielar“®feie“ffctsLbßate, and die I; victory, came charging np the road at fall speed,'Sharin' great force in pursuit, the infantry fired. The rebel I column hesitated, but moved on. Another volley, and' the ground was covered with their, dead. Bideriess horses rushed wildly in all directions; ' The Bangers wa vered and; halted. The third fire completed their demo ralization and overthrow. They left as suddenly as they came, and in great disorder. It was now certain that we had engaged alargeforce of well-armed men; how large, it was impossible to tell, —y-aLdidi know their Strategy, or have any but the most imperfect'ldea' or the topography of the adjacent grounds. It seemed prudent, therefore, to hold the position already chosen and which had proved to'Wo a good one, and wait events. I soon discovered a large cavalry force filing past, in front cf my position, brit just beyond musket range... When fully in front, they halted, and ordered a charge. 1 could distinctly hear the order—“ Charge, charge on the cornfield!” but for some reason ho charge was made. The column was again put in motion,'with the intent, as I supposed. to gain my rear aad cut off communication and reinforcements. Fortunately, the force which had been ordered back' from the first onset was how in position, to check this movement, and again the rebels were forced to retreat. • Hardly had this movement failed, when I was apprised of an attempt to turn my left, and immediately despatched Captain Elliott and bis company to thwart it. Baring these shiftings of positions I conld plainly see them caring for their dead and wounded, and; removing them,: hut to what extent-I have no means of telling. .They now formed on their original line of battle, and I.moved .upon them,' extending my line till it became merely a line of skirmishers, to prevent being flanked, so great was the disproportion of the forces No men could behave more handsomely thsn did the ‘Wisconsin 11th, on my right, and the Illinois 3Sd;~on my left, while; Lieut. Benneman, with hie gun, supported by as large, an .infantry force as Icould spare, held the centre. The rebels gave; way, and, while driving them from the field, I heard a shont in the rear, and before fuiiy comprehending what it meant, Lieutenant Colonel Wood, of the Ist Indiana Cavalry, with one battalion and two more steel gnOB, came can tering np. It wail the work of a moment for Lieutenant Baker to unlimber his pieceß and get in position: The woods were soon alive with shot and shell. The retreat became a rout. Onr cavalry, ied by Major Clendenning, charged vigorously, and the day was ours. Already one hundred and ■ ten (110) of the enemy’s dead have been found, while their prisoners, and the offi cer in charge of tho flag of truce, speak of the “ terrible carnage,” and estimate their dead at more than two hundred, and their wounded, at a, still greater number.. Their loss in dead was, undoubtedly, much greater than the one hundred and ten whose bodies were found. I have been unable to ascertain the number of their, wound ed, or to make a reliable estimate; Dor have l a report of the prisoners taken. A large number of horses were captursd, and many left dead on the field. Sixty-six were counted within an area of half a mile square. Onr loss was seven killed, and fifty-seven wounded. The rebel force—TexßS troops—engaged in the "fight could not have been far from two thousand (2,000) men, and was supported; by a Btili larger; reserve force, all under the command of Gen. Bust; The loyal force was less than four hundred (400), in creased just at the close by a cavalry force of abont two hundred (200). Where officers and men so uniformly behaved well, I can almost say heroically, it is, perhaps, invidious to par ticularize ; and yet I may be pardoned for calling atten tion to the gallant conduct of Col. Harris and Capt. Mil ler, of the 11th Wisconsin; Mej: Clendenning, of the Ist Indiana Cavalry, and Capt. L, H. Potter, of the 83d Illi nois. Surgeon H. P. Strong was on the field throughout the action, and his services deserve recognition. Later in the afternoon, reinforcements came up, and General Benton pursued the fieeing foe five or six miles towards Bes Arc, killing Beveral and taking prisoners. All along the route, be found the houses filled with the dead and wounded; curb stones were wet with blood, and in one case, even the water of the well was crimson with gore. General Benton’s force consisted of the Sth Indiana, Colonel Shunk ; a section of Manter’s battery, Ist Missouri Light Artillery, Lieutenant Schofield; part of the 11th Wisconein. Major P’att; one howitzer from Bowen’s Battalion; the 13th Illinois Cavalry, Colonel Bell, and a battalion of the 6th Illinois Cavalry under Major Apperson. - . After the battle, and while the Wounded were being collected and cared for, another body of rebels appeared on the Bajou Be View road and drove in our pickets. I immediately sent Lieutenant Colonel Wood, of the 11th Wisconsin, with a force of infantry, and the Ist Indiana Cavalry, to pnrsuo and capture them. He proceeded to Bayou Be View, shelled the rebels from their camp, and prevented the hurnirig ' ef the bridge, on which faggots had already been piled.’ By this‘time, .it was dark, and ; .the forces rested. . - v " • ' - Very respectfully, your obedient servant, O. H HOVEY, Colonel Commanding. To Captain J. W. Padduok, A. A. General,; News from Nassau, N. P. By the arrival of the British echooner Mary Harris at New York, we have Nassaupapers to the 19th of July. The Bahama Herald of that date . has the following: The schooner Artyle arrived on Thursday; morning from Port Boyal. 'We have understood she liasbrougbt Southern papers to the 6th: Inst.i and that” they contain intelligence to the effect that a most signal defeat of fee Federal army had taken place before Eichmond; that the Southerners had succeeded in -completely routing them, and that; had they not been protected by their gunboats, a complete victory would have been obtained. As it was, a very laiga number of prisoners' were taken (report says ten thousand ) and a great s number killed; We also hear that Gen. McClellan Is mortally wounded. ekolish cAncons eh route south. The Bteamcr Columbia (Leslie, master,) arrived on Wednesday, from Plymouth, England, with a cargo to Hv Adderly & Co. On the following day the steamer Dispatch, from Liverpool, with a cargo to the same firm, On the Bame day the ship Boscee also arrived from Liver pool, with coal and salt to Saunders & Son, and yesterday the brigantine Wild Pigeon (Johnson, master,) arrived from New York, with a oargo to Messrs. Sawyer & Menendtz. ■■■ ■ CAPTURING BRITISH VESSELS. In relation to the capture of the schooner Agnes, the Herald says: . ' “ The capturo of vessels in eur wntora hits been of late of Buch frequent occurrence that it. is usolcsb for ns to comment further on the subject, sufficient having been already said. We suppose it wilt acme time bo put a stop to—most likely at the cost of the capturera.” A LOSING SPECULATION.—A few months since acme of the Secesh prisoners in Fort Warren deposited their funds, consisting of gold l coin,^with the Antler at that post for safe keeping. Thinking, no doubt, that he could turn a penny,'as gold was eight"per cent, premium, be brought it to the city, and disposed -of: it to a broker at that rate. A day or two-since the-prisoners, having beennotiiled of their release, made demand,on the antler for their fends. The'sutler, after trying' in vain to in cl ucetbemto take treasury notes, was under the necessl ty’of repurchasing theTgoldlafca pramtum of. eighteen per cent., by which nice little financial operation he is seve ral hundred dollars out of pocket. TWO CENTS. IMPORTANT FROM NEW ORLEANS. Rebel Account of the Arkansas’ Doings—Na val Attack near Pascagoula—How General Butler Deals with Guerillas—Correspond ence with theßebel General Buggies. ■ MOVEMENTS AND FEiNS OF THE ENEMY.- New Orleans, July 25.— 8 y the arrival of the Ken- Bington on Tuesday flight, from Vicksburg on Sunday Bight, I learn that an attempt to cut out the Arkansas from under the rebel batteries was to be made that night. Commodore Fanagut says he wilt have the ram, if he loses every vessel in his fleet in the attempt, and he will accomplish his purpose, if brilliant daring and indomi table energy are good for the work. Iu this connection we have to mourn the loss of Captain Glynn and five of his men, of the 4th Wisconsin Begiment. They were of the lend force sent to assist in capturing the Arkansas before she should leave Yaroo City. .The intention of the ram was evidently to rundown to New Orleans, if possible, and knock the few war ves sels we have here into a cocked hat, and then a move ment would have been madefrom Camp Moore, and yory likely a rising in the city. Such a combined movement might result in.our being “gobbled;” but the city would be laid in ashes firßt. We hear that Megruder has arrived at Camp Moore, and_ taken command, probably with the intention of col liding aii the-forces he can with which to attack .this city. Bet him come oh; ho wili find General Phelps pre pared to receive him at the magnificent line of entrench ments which “lord lovell” left to the army of the Gulf. I think there is no doubt but what the rebels are rebuilding the bridge at Pass Manchac which the 12th Maine Begiment, with Captain Buchanan, of the gun boat Grey Cloud, destroyed a few weeks since. Within a few days there will be an expedition up there to recon noitre, and if the bridge is being rebuilt to again de stroy it. . NAVAL ATTACK HEAR PASCAGOULA, -.Copt- Buchanan, now of the gunboat Grey Cloud, but formerly, of the Now London, in which ho, with Oapt, Beodrilled in battalion movements and the manna], and stories to that effect are freely circulated * hut it Is entirely a mistake, and arises from the fact that I have related above.-~One of the most important ob- Asctsjsf Got. Shepley’s mission to Washington is to try of conduct tor n«-~- s i« K tj ;OJ j eo ] >lr6 Eom9 j tcia te e |2»- CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN 'aauhiect. tbs rebeXj' guerilla, gbit.' a - Headquarters,' First District, Department Mississippi and Bast Louisiana, Tangipaho, La., July 21,1862. To Major' General Butler * Commanding United Slates forces, New Orleans* La.: General : The bearers of this note, Lieut. Ooloael Charles Jones, volunteer aid-de-camp, and First Lieut Alexander Barrow, Confederate States army, are charged with delivering to you, under a flag of truce, a commu nication concerning prisoners of war, which will, I trust, receive your earliest consideration. . I have to request that these gentlemen be permitted to retnro by the best practicable means and under proper protection. lam, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant, DANIEL RUGGLES, Brigadier General, commanding department. . - . ; Headquarters, First District, ; Department East; Louisiana and Mississippi, ; - Tangipaho, La., Julv 15,1882. To Major General Butler, Commanding United States forces. New Orleans, La.; General r.I have received petitions from officers of the Ist Begiment Louisiana Partisan Bangers touching the case of Henry Castle, a private of Company H, of that regiment, and also an application respecting Thomas C. Pennington, a private of Captain Wilson Tate’s com pany, of the same regiment, and I deem it expedient to request your early consideration of the subject.lt ap pears that Private Castle was captured by a detachment of Federal troops in the vicinity of Baton Rouge, on or about tbe 7th of the present month, and Private Penning ton on or about the 28th day of June: that they were taken to New Orleans, and are now held either there or at ono of the forts in tbe vicinity, in close confinement, with the threat that they rto to be tried and executed as members of a military organization not sanctioned by the laws of civilized warfare. It is to be observed that the first great law of nature, the right of selF-defence, is inherent in communities as well as individuals. No law condemns the individual who slays the robber or assassin: end no Just law can condemn a com munity for using all its power to resist the invader and drive him from their soil. ■ The exercise ef thia right, go universally Tecegnized, becomes an Imperative duty when the invader, as has been the case with the Federal troops in this district,_disregardg those rules of warfare recognized and respected by all civilized nations, and adopts that code which has heretofore been confined to the rudest savages. Tbe proof of thi* is unfortunately too abundant in the vicinity of Baton Rouge. It is at tested by helpless women and children flying from their burning homes, and'by desolation of plantations, by the plunder of private property, and the wanton destruction of growing crops. Such acts are crimes against humanity, and justify all men in taking up arms against their per petrators.! Their dependence of nations has rarely been achieved by regular armies. Our own Revolution—that Revolution which successfully established the great prin ciple for which the Confederate States are now contend ing, “ that all governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, 3 ’ was mainly fought eut by men who left the plough at the newa of tho enemy’s ap proach, and returned to itwhen he had been driven back. It may be conceded that in Europe, where the Govern ments mainly rely upon large standing armies, which are as much as possible disconnected with the people, and where the policy is to prevent the people from bearing arms under almost any circumstances, some very absurd refinements on this subject have been asserted, and, to some extent, tolerated. But such doctrines have never been recognized on .this continent. The United States especially have repudiated them. r - The various revolutions which have agitated the Cen tral and South American States have been conducted by the people, frequently without organization and without leaders other than those chosen upon the spur of the oc casion, to direct a single enterprise. And to recur to the Revolution of our forefathers, the history of that im mortal struggle abounds with instances where the hardy yeoman—as at Lexington and Banker Hill—-were tike the clansmen of Roderick Dhu, called by a concerted signal to some “Limerick mead, 3 ? and there select their officers upon the very field of battle. But whatever difference of opinion may exigt on this point it has never been claimed, even by the most Btringent advocates of legiti macy, that one belligerent has any right to complain of the Dame or form which the other may choose to give to its military organization. The right'to adopt these to the peculiar serrico required has been universally con ceded ; so far, indeed, has this practice been carried in naval warfare that privateersmen, “the militia of the teas, 33 with charters as broad as the ocean’s bounds, are recognized as legitimate among belligerents. And now, tnd&cd. .the extraordinary spectacle is presented to the contemplation creryn*™.-a this boasted nineteenth century of the Christian world, of a nawjra bo civilized, in violation of its constitutional obligations, inaugurating deliberately servile war by stimulating the half-civilized African to raise his hand against Ma mas ter and benefactor, and thus make war upon the Anglo- Saxon race—war on human nature. This with the Federal Government is legitimate warfare; but the defence of their firesides by Southern citi zens is treason and murder. In military organi zations, the Polish Lancers, French Zouaves, and British corps of scouts and guides in the late East Indian war are caseß in. point. The. Confederate States claim and have exorcised thiß undoubted right. The formation of companies, battalions, and regiments, of partisan ran gers* has been specially authorized by an aolof Con gress. The officers of this corps are commissioned. The men are regularly mustered into service, receive pay, rations, and equipments, from the Government, and are entitled to the same privileges, and governed by the same regulations, as all other troops, in the Confederate ser vice. It is asked, therefore, what pretext can be offered bv the enemy for subjecting the members of this corps to a different treatment from that extended to other prison ers of war? Certainly no such distinction can be recog nized or tolerated by -us • The v Government, having called these men into service, is bound by every obli gation of good faith to protect them to the extent .of its power; and.if ,found necessary for their pro tection, as* weU SB for that of numerous zens, who have been subjected to outrages unparalleled in 1 civilized warfare, will nothesitate, I feel constramw to declare, ic rcßoi t to retaliation,.even to . the extent ’ sanctioned by the Jewieh law—and Tor an eye, a tooth for a tooth, and life for Hfe I,await an answer containing ah explicit declaration of the intentions of the United States Government respecting these prisoners. 1 VerYrsspectfnite^on^o^ffient^nV^ Brigadier General Commanding District. To which General Butier repUed as follows: Headqojmers, Department op tiih Gulf, > NKU OELEAS3, La.i Jnly 33,1862, 5 General : It is the intention of the United States Go vernment to let these men go oh their parole, end one of them has been gone more than a week. I have the honor to bo yonr obedient servant, - BENJAMIN F. BUTLEB, i Major General Commanding. Brigadier General Boggles, commanding at Tangipaho. MAINE AT WORK— Nearly one hundred towns in Maine have already furnished their fall quota of the £OO,OOO. THE WAR PRESS, (PUBLISHED WEEKLY.) Tu« Wab Pees* will bo sent to subscribers by mail (per annum in advance) at......... ~...$2,0» Three Oopioa » « ' 5.00 Five •< « 2,50 per bbl. FBUIT.—The market is bare of Oranges and Lemon*. .A few raisins sold at $3.25 per box. Pineapples sell at S6®7 per 100. Domestic Fruit is more abundant, and Green Apples sell at $1.50®2.50 per bbl., ae to quality. Dried Apples are nomiual at 3)4®6e. A few Green reaches fold at 51.50®2.50 per basket. Berries ara abundant and low. FREIGHTS to Liverpool are steady at 83 6d for Floor, T2«l4d for Grain, and 30036 s for wefeht. To San Francisco the asking rates are 30®32Xc 4? foot West India freights are firm at 40®42c for Sugar, and SS.oOffl 3.75 for Molasses from Cuba. The Boston packets are getting 250 for Floor, and Gate for Grain, Colliorsare ecarro. GINBF KG is scarce, with a sale of clarified to note oa private terms. GUANO.—The season has not yet opened, and tha sates arennimportant. HEMP is Tery ciuiet. A sale of American was made at 8100, cash. " . HIDES are firm, with eales of Brazil at 17 0, on time, and the stock light. HAT is selling atss®7sc for new and old. HOPS are selling in a small way at 18ra20c for first sort Faetern end 'Western. LEATHER has been Tery active, and prices are well maintained and firm, with large sales at fall rates. LUMBER.—There is a fair business doing for tho season, with sales of White Pine shinning Boards at 514®16, and Yellow sap do at 513®14 thensand feet. Two cargoes Eastern Baths sold at 81.25a1.30 thou sand. . MOLASSES.—There is a moderate inquiry and holders are firm at the recent advance; eales of 400 lihds clayed Cuba at 26c, and Muscovado at 28®34c, on usual credit. NAVAL STORES.—The stocks of all kinds are very light, and there is not much doing Usales of common and No. 2 Rosin at sl2ffll4 hbl. Tar and Pitch are scarce and remain as la;t quoted. Spirits of Turpentine sells in a small way at §1.95®1.97 & gallon, cash, which, is an advance. ' OILS.—The upward tendency noted last week in Firh Oils still continues; sales of crude whale at 64®65c,/fid winter at 72®75c. Lard Oil is held higher; sales ofNo. T winter at 72®75c, cash and time. Btoseed Oiliss/arce, and selling in lots at S3eß4c. In Petroleum there has been a fair trade doing; sales of crude at 9®lo/Jc, and refined at 26®30c, as to quality. ' PLASTER is in good request, with further sales of soft at 82.50 ton. BlOE.—There is very little Carolina here; a sale of Rangoon was made at 6f®6Xc. terms. - SEEDS.—There is very littleOloverseed coming in; sales at 55.25a0 00 V bushel. Flaxsoed is scarce and much Wanted by the crushers at 52®2.25 bushel, SUGAR There is a fair inquiry, both for refining and the supply of the trade; the market is quite firm; Bales of 1,800 hhds Cuba at 88 X ®9X«> and Porto Step at Off® SPIRITS —Holders of foreign are firm in their views, and the market is quiet. New England Rum is selling at 47®50c. Whisky is dull, ana prices nominal; sales of Ohio at' 31«32e; Pennsylvania at 30c, hhds at 30c, and drudge at 290 gallon. ’ TOBAOOO —We notice some sales of Pennsylvania seedlearatl2ffll4o. In Kentucky leaf no" sales. Manu factured continues very high,, : TALLOW is held firmly, at IOJfoWXc for city-ren derwi, and P&'olOc, cash, for country. WOOL.— There! s no; falling off to the activity noted for some time past, and the tendency of prices Is still up ward, with sales.of 150,000 fts., including medium and fine at 55®57Xc cash for low grades, and foreign at 33® 45. ME. WASHBURNE TO THE GERMANS.—-On Wednesday evening Hon. B. B. Washbnrne. of delivered an address to the,German Committee or new York. He said: Yourbrave German Generals, SigeU Max Weber, WilUcb, and others, we i ni™ t r» a “| glory or the Germans on all the battle-fields of tnft country. The German common soldier Is honoring Him self, and maktog.a great name for his countrymen, by his persistent courage, his endurance, and his aevotm to his adopted country.. I have, spoken of the politieM principles of the Germans. They are. men who Toy* liberty and hate slavery everywhere. Their efforts in overthrowing the elave Democracy, and in the electiott of ft BeirabHcan President, entitle thenar to the gratefnl thanks of, all lovers of the country. * to the fullest extent, their claims upon l the and the country, and it has afforded me pleaaore to lend my feeble influence in their behalf. r * • : sTTiniDE FROM DISAPPOINTMENT.— Mary Ma : herian totoresUng girl, at Buffalo, committed sniddeou Friday, by drowning herself in a mill flume, uanse, dis appointment to love., ■ ■ - -*l NOT! A SUBJECT FOR JOKING.—The Poughkeep sie Emit notes the elopement of Joseph Pint, seventeen years old, with Molvina. Gaines, fifteen years otd,,hoth.of Poughkeepsie. So it appears that, ill spite of Oil opposi tion, Melvtoa Gaines her Hat.