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SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1.862.
Washington's Birthday!
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Forever float that standard sheet
Where breathes the foe but falls before us ?
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet,
Alai Freedom's bauuer streaming o'er US
Anniversary of the Birthday of Washing-
ton—His Farewell Address
There was peculiar propriety in the proclamation
of . President Lincoln requesting the people of the
States to a§semblo today, in their angle
mary places of meeting for public solemnities," to
" celebrate the anniversary of the birth of the
Father of his Country, by causing to be read to
them his immortal Farewell Address."
We are too apt to neglect a recurrence to first
principles, and to underrate the value and import
-anee of the counsels of the Fathers of the Republic.
Hnt few who read or bear the immortal document,
whose solemn truths will be imprinted more forcibly
than ever upon millions of minds to-day, can fail
- to perceive its wonderful applicability to current
-events, and to the present condition of our country.
Washington wrote like the inspired penmen of
old, not for one generation but fur all time. He
not only triumphed over the difficulties which beset
the struggling colonies in the war ot'lridependence,
and the dangerous contentions which threatened at
one time to prevent the successful establishment of
a stable Government, but his wise and patriotic
*Tit foresew the perils of the future, acrd left on
record an imperishable warning against them. No
living statesman, with the whole record of the ex
isting rebellion spread before him, could at this
day prepare a more pointed and conclusive rebuke
egainfit the eOrreeiraters who hero endeavored to
destroy the noble fabric Washington labored so
faithfully and successfully to establish.
Wherever his address is reed, the friends of the
Vnion will be inspired with new zeal and energy ;
and its foes will quail at the implied censure of
their infamous schemes which pervades it. The
arms of our soldiers will be nerved for new deeds
of valor and heroism ; and peaceful citizens will
resolve to cheerfully submit to all the sacrificed
whirl may be necessary to resist the division of the
Republic, and to render it us indestructible as is
Own rivers and mountains.
It will surprise those who have repeatedly read
his Farewell Address in times when the Uuion was
not seriously menaced, to see, on a reperusal, to
day, with what wonderful earnestness he urges the
preservation of the Union at all hazards, under all
circumstances, and despite all the insidious attacks
that may be made upon it. lie reviews every phase
of argument that has been or could be urged by the
advocates of Secession, only to condemn their theo
ilea. Ito abjures his countryman to resist Disunion,
4IS solemnly as the Creator abjured Adam and Eve
- to mist temptation in the Garden of Eden. He
shows that those who urge a disruption of the na
tion are necessarily men of weak judgments or of
bad hearts; that they are animated by winked Am
bition or reckless selfishness; and that the only hope
for the future safety and permanent greatness and
prosperity of our country is based upon a stubborn,
unyielding, and successful resistance to the schemes
of Disunion conspirators.
There are warnings in the address, too, which
should not be entirely lost upon those who are
thoroughly loyal in their feelings. The excess of
party spirit has doubtless proved one of the most
serious evils which have at the nation, and it
'bag been in many ways a prolific source of corrup
tion, of nibmanagement, of extravagance, and even
of treason. Too many have habitually placed party
abiwe country, and have repeatedly supported tneu
measures condemned by their judgments and
totems, for the mike of seeing a triumph of
Arita politicians, at the expense of the general
tiara. - Now that we are entering upon a new era
tational existence, the admonitions of experience
the chastening influence of sore dangers and
Is should not be lost upon us. We should learn
realize more fully than ever that the purity anti
irvation intact of our Government should be an
At of paramount importance to every good citi-
L ; that the advice of demagogues and unstrupt*
is partisans should be despised, and not obeyed ;
, we owe our highest allegiance, not to the party
Brutus or of Antony, but of Rome.
Never, since the foundation of the Government,
• an anniversary of the birthday of Washington
'Ted at a period when his counsels were so pa
lly pertinent, and when the American people
greater cause for rejoicing over their trium
int deliverance from imminent peril. The stars
se Republic, long obscured by clouds of hunaill
in, defeat, and disaster, now shine brightly in
firmament. The brazen shield of treason has
) pierced, and its life-blood is fast oozing away.
finger does it belch forth insulting and defiant
ices, but its shrieks and moans are going up
A wailings of the damned. The blows of our
army and navy are falling thick and fast
its doomed head, and it will soon be forced to
int in despair, like a lost spirit, for the rooks
,unteins to fall upon anti annihilate it. It no
stalks abroad, boasting of its prow
and uttering vain-glorious threats, bat
cowers away into dark and gloomy dens
\ inaccessible fastnesses, listening with dread,
a furtive murderer, for the approaching foot
of retributive justice.
late national triumphs have unmistakably
. the superiority of our arms and the impossi
of a successful rebel resistance to our invinei.
roops. Hatteras Inlet, Port Royal, Tybec
Dranesville, Prestonburg, Mill Spring, Ro-
Island, Fort Henry, and Fort Donelson, and
minor triumphs, amply attest the skill,
a, and unyielding determination with which
miner of the Union is being uphold. These
les, great and. glOrietli ac they are, are eri ,
but the precursors to still more important
The circle is daily narrowing around
:Ilion, like a wall of fire, and burning with.
3d fury each new day. Along the whole
is coast we are rapidly Requiring power and
- Whether we look to Eastern Virginia,
Carolina, South Carolina, or Georgia, we see
dads becoming more and more closely hemmed
'cool, Burnside, or Sherman. On the Gulf of
le all the Se4oSkieh 'perk+ are hormetieally
, and the expeditions already stationed near
can easily be so strengthened as to regain and
possession of the chief cities of the Gulf
Along the line of the Potomac the enemy
reported to 136 preparing; to retreat, awl it is
that even their boasted streeembl at
is about to be abandoned. From glo-
Kentucky they have been driven in dis-
It is alleged that they are on the point of
►tiig colambas, and if they do not make this
of necessity, we can speedily compel thorn to
as it. Clarksville, Fort Henry, and Fort
in Tennessee, are now in our possession,
speedy fall of Memphis and Nashville is
ttly anticipated in the South as well as in
The banditti under aommand of General
have been driven from the boundaries of Misl
ead pursued within the limits of Arkansas,
the national flag boa been triumphantly
never again to be removed. Generals
mad Lane will soon be prepared to deport
iir march into Texas, to restore to the loyal
of That State the freedom and prosperity of
conspirators have robbed them. Along the
frontier of the district still held by the rebel
'outs of brave Union troops are brightly
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VOL. 5.-N0.172.
gleaming, and the march of our six hundred thou
sand noble patriots will be as resistless and invin•
cible as the tread of destiny.
Thus treason is killed at every point. The Re
public looms up as triumphant and powerful as it
is free, beneficent, and indulgent to its citizens.
The existing generation shows, on many a hard
fought field, and by the endurance of many hard
ships and sufferings, that the blood of the Revolu
tion courses freely through its veins.
To crown the general happiness, a largo body of
the prisoners captured in the earlier and more un•
fortunate struggles of the war have just been re
leased from the rebel prisons at Richmond, and
many of them, who are old Philadelphians, are ex
pected to arrive here in time to participate in the
parade which is to take place to-day. In the midst
of the universal exultation over great national
triumphs, there will be a gush of profound and
heartfelt joy caused at many hearthstones by the
safe return of long-absent fathers, brothers, lovers,
sons, anti friends.
This glorious anniversary will be desecrated at
Richmond to-day by the inauguration of Jeff
Davis as the rebel President. But he will see the
hand-writing on the walls which dooms to destruc
tion the evil kingdem he has striven to raise, as
plainly as Belshazzar beheld it at his famous feast.
And while we are celebrating the victories which
have made the Union perpetual, those who par
ticipate in the hollow mockery of placing upon the
rebel chieftain a pretended robe of office most feel
that they are conferring upon him not an honor but
a curse as fatal as the shirt of Nessus. They must
know that at a very early day they will witness
the complete triumph of patriotism over treason,
of nationality over sectionalism, of the defenders of
the Union over its assailants.
Rev. Dr. Krauth's Lecture on Washing
ton, at Concert Hall, Last Evening.
The second lecture in behalf of the Lutheran
Board of Publication, wan delivered at Concert
Hall, last evening, by the Rev. Charles P. Krauth,
D. D., editor of the Lutheran and Missionary.
His subject was " WASHINOTON his Life, CAl
racier, and Opinions, with special reference to our
Times." He bad a large audience, and the treat
ment of - his subject was at once scholarly, novel,
attractive, aid peculiarly appropriate to the hour.
In thus presenting the "Father of his Country"
in his life and acts, the venerated hero seemed to
live again and speak to us the sentiments of wis
dom and statesmanship with which the great pa.
triot was inspired when on earth.
He commenced with a reference to the interview
between his hero and Chateaubriand,a Frenfl author
and statesman. The young traveller, soon after his
arrival in this country, had dined with Washing
ton, nho~ in the course of conversation, made al
lusion to the obstacles his pleat was exposed to
meet in his intended expedition, (for the purpose
of discovering a northwest passage.) " But, sir,''
said the traveller, "it is less difficult to discover
the polar passage than to create a nation, as you
have done." The allusion to this interview
minuted the quettion, " Was Washington
the creator of this nation ?" That Wash
ington was indeed the founder of this country
as a nation, could readily be shown. As without
Luther the Reformation might not have been, as
without Cromwell the Commonwealth would never
have risen, as Without Westley Methodism would
never have organized itself, so without Wash
ington our land might never have been the
home of an independent, free, and united na
tion. No one in the groat struggle of the Revolu
tion could have taken his place. Assisted, he had
been. Hamilton was, he said, the Malanethon of
the Revolution, but, compared with Washington,
the noblest of our Revolutionary heroes grew pale.
God bad meant us to be free, and therefore had
created a Washington. God gave but one sun to a
system—but one Washington to a nation. No other
qualities than those possessed by Washington could
have availed at the juncture in which he appearthi
upon the world's stage. There wee AVOW setnathieg
in the name of Washington that ought not be over.
looked. The world's heroes had, in feet, ever had
names to fit the world's mouth. Great men, if we
observed, never had sounding first names, and little
last names. The man *hose first 'name was
Thomas, and whose last name wee Jefferson, had
been a statesman; but Jefferson, whether it be the
first name of a Davis or a Professor Brick, tells of
no statesmanship. Leonidas, the Grecian, had
fought well in a tight place ; Leonidas Polk might
soon find himself in a tighter one by his under
taking to fight in a bad cause. [Laughter and ap
plause.l
Introducing hie subject proper, he said, that but
for this war our nation would probably never have
understood Washington thoroughly. It was his ob
ject to view Washington mainly in his relations to
the history of our country, and to the great govern
mental question which now agitates our laud.
The four different forms of rule under which the
people of this land had lived were next briefly re
ferred to—the Colonial, the Revolutionary, the Con
federate, and the Constitutional, which commenced
at the formation of the Constitution, and in support
of which our nation was now in arms. He then drew a
parallel between the present war and the Revolution.
The war in which Washington unsheathed his sword
was, he said, as really a civil conflict as our present
war. It had been fought against the Government
' under which the people lived, against people of the
same race, and of the same nationalities. It had,
in short, been a war to obtain the nationality which
this war was waged to defend. The inharmonious
elements pervading the colonies were next referred
to. In every State there had been a party favor
' able to the British Government, and the ratio of
Tories then, he held, had been quite as great as the
proportion of Secessionists in our country to-day.
Washington's views respecting the course to be
pursued towards the Tories were also given in this
connection.
The fundamental principle upon whi c h our
country rested was that of unity. As detached
colonies they would have remained colonies forever.
The spirit of American liberty was of necessity a
spirit of American unity. Union, therefore, was
not the child of American Independence, but its
mother. The first great step towards the recogni.
that of this American unity had been taken by
Virginia in 1769. Much was here introduced by
the lecturer to show that not States rights, but
American liberty, bad been the sole object of the
war of the Revolution. With this understanding,
Washington had accepted his commission as Com.
mender-in-Chief of the American army at the handl
of Congress, on the 15th of June, 1775. It bad
been his zealous object, uniformly, to discourage
mere local attachments, and to enforce the Amen:-
, can idea. These sentiments had continued to be
eheTigiegt ky Washington until his death, " Every
citizen should take pride in the thought that we
are now a distinct:nation," had been Washington's
own words ; and in that matchless document, his
Farewell Address, he had said, "The name of
American, which belongs to you in your national
Capacity, must always exalt the just pride of pa
triotism more than appellatives derived from local
discriminations." In a letter to Patrick Henry,
in 1795, he had said " I want an American Charac
ter." To some extent what followed here was a
aynoptieal history of the country during the Revo
lutionary period. .
The philosophy and mode of-effective union,
although early recognized, had yet to be solved.
Washington, as already shown, had been profoundly
impressed, by bitter experience, with the defects of
the old Confederation ; 'especially with the defeats
of the Union it formed ? which wanted pent' to
enforce its own acts and to centrel the disobedient.
His part taken in the formation of the present Con
stitution was next referred to. Ile had taken the
oath of office to sustain that Constitution,land in' his
Farewell Address was a grand appeal to his nation
to observe its requirements inviolate forever.
The central political idea of Washington had
manifestly been that of the necessity of the
strongest government compatible with freedom—
Union which should be indissoluble, with a can•
tral power that should ne supreme. This the lee
tepee prooeeded 50 demenatrate by documentary
evidence on the subjeet.
The views of Washington and those of Secession
were next finely contrasted. The one stood by the
"people ;" the other gave to each State at will the
right of trampling upon the Constitution as a whole.
TIM Constitution which Washington signed bad
given us the name which we yet bore—the United
States. The dimities and tendencies which had de
stroyed our national peace had been as well known
to Washington as they were to us. But for him,
these theories would have prevented our country
from coming into being. In the Revolution the
British and the Tories, combined, had nut given him
as much trouble as this narrow jealousy between
the States. This same disintegrating spirit in the
Revolution had sunk millions of money, cost
many precious lives, prolonged the struggle, and
heightened all its miseries. At the end of the wax
it had risen with a Strength whlokappelied Waste
ington, and inspired him with doubts whether it
would not have been better for him never to have
drawn his sword. The experiment of the Con
federation, abort as it was, had almost destroyed
the land. Its fruits had prepared the people
for the adoption of the Federal Constitution, in
which Washington bore so Conspicuous a part, and
which in reality had been the first great triumph
of the spirit of nationality over the false doctrine
of States Rights, just as its glorious maintenance
in our present war was destined to prove , a 0 . 0.??4
and anal one. We were fighting in the last half of
a day on the morning of which Washington was
triumphant ; the enemy had rallied, and we had
but to follow in his steps to finish the work.
The great burden upon the heart of Washington
had been the fear of Local and State poli
tical jealousies and prejudices ; which he
foresaw would only weaken and destroy, if al
lowed to obtain the mastery. A :Maul= of ex
tracts were here given to show Washington's con
victioes of the ruinous tendency of this confederate
laxity, and how deeply ho felt the need of vital
and efficacious union. Ile bad foreseen the dangers
of the Republic as clearly as he had seen its ad
vantages. Of the four things designated by Wash
ington as essential to the well-being, and even to
the existence, of the United States as an indepen
dent Power, the first was an 7.7/dissoluble Union,
of the States under one Federal Ize2!l.
That this theory was correct the lecturer pro
ceeded to demonstrate from history, and the
philosophy illustrated by the examples of the
present hour. This attempt at dissolution, he ad
mitted, had been logical, and if the oligarchs had
but had power to enforce their logic, their object
would most certainly have been attained, Tide
Secession, bad as it is, was unquestionably the most
plausible one that could be got up. Washington
bad clearly seen that the failure of this Union
would lead to anarchy, and that anarchy would
lead to a final and hopelees overthrow of our
liberty.
Reasons wore given to show that we must either
be the freest nation on earth, or the most servile;
that we must either have tho largest liberty, or
none at all. We had, he said, taught the world
new lessens of freedom, and, if we fell, we were
destined to teach it new lessons of arbitrary rule.
The oppressed now flew to us; 11% fell ) they would
nee trent us to lands now trodden by the oppressor.
To show indifference to the preservation of our
Union was a crime. The next point made was that
Washington had foreseen that our only safety was
wrapped up in the spirit of unity. Without this,
our independence was a sham. The history of the
past year had afforded a terrible confirmation of his
fears.
In conclusion : had the dissolution of our land
been greater than it bad been at the darkest hour
still would there, said the leCNrcr, have been One
name left to us which alone would have prevented
our sinking in despair. That source of hope was,
that God had given to us a Washington. God
could not have given the grandest name in all hu
man history to the most ignominious failure that
history records; and such a failure would Otit
Union be if it ever became extinct. " Think of it,"
said the speaker, the life of our nation shorter than
the fourscore years of a human life ! that if our
Union were overthrown there were men and women
in this country who could say, t , we were born be
fore our country bad a being, and We have lived to
gee her die !" lalmt an impotent experiment,
on which to lavish such lives as were given to our
freedom and our Union ! To think that a Floyd, a
Mason, a Wise, and a Pillow could overthrow, in a
few months, what a Franklin, a Madison, a Hamil
ton bad built in the toils and sorrows of years!
What an experiment to begin with a Washington,
and to terminate au soon and ignominiously, amid
the tears of the good and the scoffings of the owil
throughout the world! No, it was impossible.
The glorious memories of the past were the assu
rances of the present. And though there had been
clouds of gloom fora moment, still our visions of
the future were grander than romance could depict.
With throbbing hearts we could look back upon our
history, and, in the light of trust, which comes
from the mausoleum of Washington, see a glorious
destiny for our strian eeuntry. The memories of
Washington were all with us in this struggle, and
we must triumph. Soon should the fears of the
hour vanish forever. Resting on God, our pros
perity would be abiding, and we should yet con
tinue to be bearers of blessings to others. If we
trusted in God, He would never forsake us. The
picture of our future, as a nation, was eloquently,
we may say thrillingly. drawn by the lecturer, and
called forth the warmest demonstrations of ap
plause.
Washington's Farewell Address.
FEBRUAIIT 22n, 1162
[For Tho
oh t h gluey of wisdom, prized but ill—
An ocean oft mistaken for a rill.
Not a rich sentence spreads its length of gold,
That does not counsel delicate enfold;
Not a pure page but Union fosters true,
And alien interests repels from view
Enforcing order, truth, allegiance stern,
The Sage may profit and the Child may learn.
Dere see the Constitution rear its form,
In life-like fintings, and in outline warm:
While Argument is pressed to hold the mind,
And bid it rest where safety it may find.
Say, when did Solon or Lycurgus give
A purer lifittyllet on WhiCh F,tates could live '1
What classic code bee breathed a father's care 1
Where shall we find it 2 Echo answers, where?
Experience drafted all its precepts high ;
Let Love embalm its blissful momory.
Yet may these dying counsels save our ship,
When Fate her tempests seem to have let slip ;
Yet may the burning page a beacon shins,
To keep us tangent to our Duty's line ;
And that Address our pure palladium prove,
While his dear duet we venerate and love.
[For Tho Press.]
... Washington's Old Flag
When mountain chains asunder fly,
When cleaves In twain the river,
Our States, perchance, you may untie,
And stars from stars dissever.
The steam-car leaps across theline,
Anti leaves its haat of iron ;
• The flag that God and Nature own
Is not the flag to fire on.
0 Washington's great soul
Ills battles does renew!
Then Washington's old flag unroll,
And charge them! charge them through and through !
For Washington's old flag !
The nation is a network grand ;
The State, apart and banished,
Is but a bole within a net
Whose knots and cords bare vanished
Your single stars, the sons of Mars
Divide with one :mother t
John Bull can't get within the bare,
When brother stands with brother.
0 Washington's great soul, &C
The States are glass, the nation brass,
With extra ribs of iron ;
Tho wandering star of upstart flags
Is just the Aar to lire on.
Your single star the doge cf war
Will eat, then hunt another ;
What earthly forces stronger are,
Than brother leagued with brother
0 Washington's great soul, &c.
Columbia's stars, in other warn,
Shone out, forever bright'ning ;
The glory treasured in their fire,
Shall flash again in lightning
There's lightning in that brave old flag,
Its foes to r. nd asuuder
And tram the pert-halts el lb, sts.il,
You soon shall hear its thunder.
0 Washington's great soul, he.
Up goes the flag for battles won,
A mighty shout awaking ;
Lone stars surrender to the sun,
When morning's light is breaking.
From Donelson and Roanoke
The victor's strains are pealing;
A generous nation heals the stroke,
Her flag she gives for healing.
0 Washin,TtOn'e great bout, &c.
THE 112T11 BECIMENT PENNSYLVANIA
ToLcavatens.—Colonel Angeroth's Heavy Artillery, now
encamped at Diamond Cottage, Camden, N. J., was filled
about ten days ago, and is now awaiting marchingordera.
Three of the companies (D, G, and H,) were ordered to
Fort Delaware on the 9th of .japmry, where they are
now receiving instruction in the use of heavy artillery.
The following is a correct list of the °dicers of the regi
ment:
Colonel—Charles Angeroth.
Lieutenant Oolonet—Jobn H. Oberteuffer
Major—Wm. Oandidne, Sr.
AdjuLtaPt — PlAar Gt. Zimmermann,
coartermester—A. P. Bi - 'yen.
Burgeon—H Griswold.
Assistant Surgeon—Jas. D. Linton.
Chaplain—di o. H. Hassler.
lion-connuitsioned Staff.—Sergeant major, Pant L.
Higgins; Quartermaster sergeant, Wm. H. Matcher;
COMMIENLICY, Win. B. Borger chief bugler, Hugo Tinto
insidt ; hospital stewart, A. 3.Bohathirt.
Battery A—Captain, Charles Auer; first lieutenant
senior, Chas. Haulier; first lieutenant junior, Otto Lutz;
second lieutenant, Henry Clahn. 92 men.
Battery B—Captain, Choi. &eat:her; first lieutenant
senior, Milton Benner ; first lieutenant junior, irederick
Meyer; second lieutenant, Max Heine: 93 men.
Battery C—Captain, Joseph Loeven• first lieutenant
senior, Erhart Fiedier ;
2rits, second lieutenant, Decatur lice
Prat lieutenant junior, Chalice
art. 85 men.
Battery D—Captain, David Sadler; first lieutenant se
nior, Charles Heine; first lieutenant Junior, NV:heists
liagge i second lie utenant, Edwin Lenumire Oa MM.
Battery E—Captain, E. S. Rowand ; first lieutenant
senior, John H. Oberteuffer, Jr.; first lieutenant junior,
Florence W. Grugan ; second lieutenant, Wm. O. Dick
son, OS men.
.. • • • •
Battery F—Cantalm Wm. M, McClure; that lieutenant
senior, Wm. Canning, Jr.; first lieutenant Junior, S. D.
Strawbridge; second lieutenant, J. Moore Worm. 03
men.
• .
Battery o—Captain, James L. Anderson; first lieu
tenant senior'
Mini. Cadwalader : first lieutenant ju
nior, Richard Id. Graundie ; second lieutenant, Joseph
N. Abeey. 101 men.
Battery 11—Captain, Thos. Wilhelm •, that lieutenant
senior, 3. B. Jardiu ; Brat lieutenant junior, Rdward Do
U. Loud 1146tha Ilentenioit, John It. Hamilton. 05 men.
Battery T---Captain, GIISZATII3 L. Brown; liret lieu
tenant senior, Chae.jAugerothOr.3 first lieutenant junior,
A. B. A ngeroth second lieutenant, J. X. Kelsey. 85 men.
Battery K—Captain, Amci S. Fuller; liret lieutenant
senior, 'Presley Cannon; first lieutenant junior, Jno. B.
Krepps .3 second lieutenant, John. H. Guisinger.
A PHILADELPHIA COOK AT SORT
Boxecsow.—Oharles W. Baker, killed on the gunboat
Carendelet, at the storming of Fort Bertelsen, was a
Philadelphian, and the cook of the gunboat. Ile wee
well known in. Southwark. The fatal shot entered the
deck in the starboard side, and sassing through
glanced downward to the shell room, striking the Alfa
ceok in the bead, literally tearing the skull off.
PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1862.
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS
TO THE
PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.
FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CI TiZitNa : The ported for ft new
election of a citizen to administer the executive govern
ment of the United tastes being not far distant, and the
time actually arrived when your thoughts must be etn-
Veyed In designating the person who is to he clothed
with that important trued, it appears to me proper, espe
cially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of
the public voice, that I should now apprise you of the re-
Million I have formed to decline being considered among
the number of those out of whom a entice ia to be made.
I Leg you, at the same time, to do me the justice to he as
sured that this resolution has not been taken without a
strict ref evil to all the considerations appertaining to the
relation Which binds a dutiful citizen to his country q and
that in withdrawing the tender of service, which silence,
in my situation, might imply, I am influenced by no di
minution of reef for your future interests; no deficiency
of respect for your past kindness ; but ant supported by
a full conviction that the step is compatible with both.
The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the
°Mee to which your suffrages have twice called me, have
been a uniform sacrifices of inclination to the opinion of
duty, and to a deference for what appearei; to be your
desire. 1 constantly Loped that it woultfhave been mach
earlier in my power, consistently, with motives which I
was not at liberty to disregard, to return to that retire , .
meet from which I had be'en reluctantly draws. The
strength of my inclination to do this, previous to the lea
e'ectien, had even led to the preparation of au address to
declare it to you i hut mature reflection on the then per
plexed anti critical posture of our affairs with foreign
nations, and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to
nip confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea.
I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as
well as internal; no longer renders the pursuit of incl.:-
Doti% ine4filloalibiti with the sentiment of duty or pro.
priety ; and 010 persuaded, whatever partiality may Le
retained for my services, that, in the present circum
stances of our country you will not disapprove of
. my
determination to retire.
The impressions with which I Bret undertook the au:la
wn trust were explained on the mow occasion. Ls Ilse
diecharge of this treat, I will only say, that I have with
good intentions contributed, toward the organization
and administration of the Government, the best exertions
of which a very fallible judgment was capable. Not un
conscious, in the outset, of the inferiority of my quail
cations, experience, in my own eyes—perhaps BUR more
In the eyes of others—has strengthened the motiveg to
dillidence of myself: and every day the increasing weight
of years admonishes me, more and more, that the shade of
retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome.
Satisfied that, if any circumstances have given peculiar
value to my services, they were temporary, I have the
consolation to believe that, while choice and prudence
invite me to quit the political scone, patriotism does not
forbid it.
In looking forward to the moment which is to ter
minate the career of my political life, my feelings do
not permit me to suspend the deep acknowledgment of
that debt of gratitude which I owe to my beloved coun
try for the many honors it has eunfernal ttrall ME; dill Mere
for the 'steadfast confidence with which it has support
ed me, and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed
of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by services
faithful and persevering, though in usefulness unequal to
my zeal. If benefits have resulted to cur country from
those services, let it always he remembered to your praise,
and as an instructive example in Chr annals, that, tins
tier circumstances in which the passions, agitated in
every direction, were liable to mislead; amid • appear;
antes sometimes dubious; vicissitudesl'of fottune often
discouraging; in situations in which, not nufrequentlY,
want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism
—the constancy ofyour support was the essential prop of
the efforte, and a guarantee of the plans, by which they
a ere effected. Profoundly penetrated with this idea, I slat
carry it with me to my grave, as a strong incitement to
unceasing wishes, that Heaven may continue to you the
choicest tokens of its beneficence; that your union and
brotherly affection may he perpetual ; that the-free con
stitution, which is the work of your hands, nifty lee
sacredly maintained; that its administration, in every
department, may be stamped with wisdom- and virtue;
that, in fine, the happiness of the people of those States,
under the auspices of liberty, may be made complete, by
so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this
blessing as will acquire to them the glory of 'recommend
ing it to the applause, the affection, and adoption of
every nation which is yet a stranger to IL
Here, perhaps, I ought to stop ;.but a solicitude - for
your welfare, which cannot end but with my life, and
the apprehension of danger natural to that solicitudl,
urge -me, on an occasion like the present, to offer to your
solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your fre
quent review, some sentiments which are the re
suit of much reflection, of no inconsiderable observation,
andistieh appear to me all-imperisul ; the permanency
of your felicity as a people. These will be offered .to .
you with the more freedom as yon can only see in them
the disinterested warnings of a parting friend, who can
possibly have no personal- motive to bias his.counsel.
Nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, yottr,ta
dutgent reception of my sentimenteok a 'tanner and
dissimilar oceasion.
Interwoven as Is the love of liberty with every liga
ment of our hearts, no recommendation of mine Is ne
cessary to fortify or confirm the attachment.
The unity of Government which constitutes you one
people is also now dear to you. It is justly so ; for it is a
main pillar in the edifice of your reel independence—the
support of your tranouillitr at home, Your I'44e..shrew:l,
of your safety, of your prosperity, of that very liberty
which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to foresee
that, from different causes and from different quarters,
much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to
weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as
this is the point in your political fortress against which
the batteries of internal and external somules will be
most constantly and actively (though often covertly and
insidiously) directed—it is of infinite moment that you
should properly estimate the immense value of your Na
tional Union to your collective and individual happiness ;
that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable
attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and to
lima of it as a palladium of your political safety and 'pros
pertly; watching for napreservation with jealous anxiety:
discountenancing whatever may suggest even a anapicion
that it caa, in any event, be abandoned; and indignantly
frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to
alienate any p,rtion of our country from the rest, or to
enfeeble the Pacrea tics which now liu) together the Vt.
rious parts.
For this you have every inducement of sympathy and
interest. Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common
country, that country has a right to concentrate your
affection.. The name of AN,6tUCAti, which belongs to
yea in roue national capacity, meat always exalt tho
juet pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived
from local discriminations. With slight shades of dif
ference, you have the same religion, manners, habits,
and political principles. You have, in a common cause,
fought and triumphed together; the independence end
liberty you possess are the work of joint councile and
joint efforts?, of eennutei deegere, essfferingeosnd success.
But these considerations, however powerfully they
address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly out
weighed by those which apply more immediately to your
interest; here every portion of our country finds the
most commanding motives for carefully guarding and
preserving the union of the whole.
The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the
South, protected by the equal laws of a common Govern
ment, finds in the productions of the letter great addi
tional resources of maritime and commercial enterprise,
and precious materials of manufacturing industry. The
South, in the came intercourse, benefiting by the agency
of the Nortb, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce
expand, Turning partly into its own channels the sea
men of the North, it finds its particular navigation In.
vigorated and while it contributes, in different ways, to
nourish and increase the general mass of the national
navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a marl
thee strength to which itself is unequally adapted. The
East, in like intercourse with the West, In the
progressive improvement of interior communication,
by land and water, will more and more find a
valuable rent for the commodities which it brings from
abroad or manufactures at borne. The West derives
from the East supplies requisite to its growth and com
fort; end, what is, perhaps, of still geeeiee eeneeqssence, it
mutt of necessity owe the secure enjoyment of the indis
pensable matte for itsown productions to the Weight,ln
fiuence, and future maritime atresath of the Atlantic
aide of the Union, directed by an indfeeoluble community
of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which
the West can hold this essential advantage, whether de
rived from its own separate strength or from an apostate
and unnatural connection with any foreign Power, must
be intrinsically precarious.
While, then, every part of our country thus feels an
immediate and particular interest In union, all the
parte combined cannot fail to find, in the united mass of
means and efforts, greater strength, greater resource,
proportionably greaten security from external danger, a
less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign na
tions ; and, what is of inestimable value, they must de
rive from union an exemption from those broils and wars
between themselves which so frequently afflict neighbor
ing countries not tied together by the same Government,
which their own rivalehips alone would be eutticient to
produce, but which opposite foreign alliances, attach
ments, and intrigues would stimulate and embitter.
Bence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those
overgrown military establishments, which, under, any
form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and are to
be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty,
in this sense it is that your union ought to be considered
as a main prop of your liberty, and that the love of the
ono ought to endear to you the preservation of the
other.
These considerations speak a persuasive language to
every reflecting and virtuous mind. and exhibit the con
tinuance of the Union as api imam , /shiest of p Oitati
desire. Is there a doubt whether a common Govern
silent can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience
solve it. To h6teu to mere speculation, in such a ease,
were criminal. Wo are authorized to hope that a proper
organization of the whole, with the auxiliary agency of
Governments for the resnective subdivisions, will afford a
happy issue of the experiment. It Is well worth a fair
and full experiment. With such powerful and obvious
motives to lateen, affecting all parts of our country,
while experience shall not have demonstrated its imprac
ticability, there will always be reason to distrust the pa
triotism of those who, In any quarter, may endeavor to
weaken its bandit. .
In contemplating the causes which may disturb our
Union, it omits, an Matter of serious concern, that any
ground should have been furnished for characterizing
parties by geographical .discrimination—Northern and
Southern—Atlantic. and Western; whence designing
wen may endeavor to excite a belief that the& is a real
difference of local interests and views. One of the expe
dients of part" to acquire influence within particular dis
trict! is to misrepresent the opinions and alms of other
districts. You cannot shield yourself too much against
the jealousies and heart ! burnings which spring from
these mbirepreseutations; they tend to render alien to
each other those who ought to be bound together by tea.
ternal affection. The inhabitants of our Western
eountrylaie lately hid a useftil lawn on this head.
They have seen iu the negotiation by the Executive, and
in the unanimous ratihcation by the Senate, of the
treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that
event thre ughout the United Shaft,, a decisive proof how
unformdai were the suspicions propagated among them,
of a policy in the General Government, and in the Atlan
tic Elutes, unfriendly to their interests In regard to the
t ht w i o e s t i i a p t p i
e i
8 .
— T t h h e a y t have ,li o b e r e e n a
t u D it r n i
t e a s i e n e s a
r t i e d t i l h te at f o w r
h e i s ! o ri n a
j o a f
—which secure to them everything they could desire, in
respect to our foreign relations, toward confirming their
prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the
preservation of these advantages on the Union by which
they were procured? Will they not henceforth be deaf to
those advisers, if such there are, who would sever thorn
from their brethren, and connect them with aliens 7
To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a Go
vernment for the whole is indispensable. No alliances,
however strict between the parts, can be en adequate
enbelitute; they must inevitably experience the in
fractions and interruptions which alliances in all time
have experienced. Senate of this momentous truth,
you have improved upon your first essay, by the adop
tion of It Covatitution of Government better calculated
than your lousier for an intimate union, and for the °M
onett us management of your common concerns. This
Government, the offspring of our own choice, uninflu
enced and unwed, adopted upon full investigation and
inatilfe 4h:111,0n/41mi, compieteiy free iu its principles, in
the distribution of its powers, uniting security with en
ergy, and containing within itself provision for its own
amendment, has n just claim to year confidence and
your support. Respect for its authority, compliance
with its lima, acquiescence in ir3 mean, es, are duties en
joined by the fundamental maxims of true liberty. The
basis of our political system is the right of the people
to make and to alter their Constitutions of Government ;
but the Constitution whlph at any time exists, until
changed by an explicit and authentic act of tee whole
people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea
of the power and the right of the people to establish go- •
vernment, pre-supposes the duty of every indiuidosi to
tv Ober the cctitl , llbhcil Government,
All obstrtletlOns to the execution of the laws, all com
binations and associations, Hader whatever plausible
character, with the real design to direct, control, coun
teract, or awe the regular deliberations and action of the
constituted authorities, are destructive of this funda
mental principle, and of fatal tendency. They nerve to
organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordivary
force, to put in the place of the delegated will of the na
tion the will of a party, often a small but artful and en
terprising minority of the community i and, according to
the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make the
public atindnistration the mirror of the iii-concorted Bud
incougruous nroJetts or faction, rather than the organ of
consistent and wholesome plans, digested by common
counsels r and modified by mutual interests.
Flowerer combinations or associations of the above de
scription may now and then answer popular ends, they
aro likely, in the source of time and things, to become po
tent stables by which cunning, ambitious, and unprin
cipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the
people, and to usurp for themselves the - reins. of Govern
ment; destroying afterward the very engines which
have lifted them to unjust dominion.
Toward the preservation of your Government, act
the permanency of- your present hum) , state, It is re
clUitAtq MA only that you steadily dis.Cottutenanew
opposition to its acknoaledged authority, but also
that you resist with care the spirit of innovation upon
its principles, however specious the pretext. One me
thod of assault may be to effect in the forme of the Con
stitution alterations which will impair the energy of the
system, and thus to undermine what cannot directly be
overthrown. In all the changes to which- you may 1.44
Invited, remember that time and habit are at lead as
necessary to fix the true character of the Government
as of other human institutions; that experence is the
surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the
existing constitutions of a- country; that facility in.
chat-Lgesi 1 .49 n the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion,
exposes to perpetual change, from-the endlees variety of
hypothesis and opinion ; and remember especially that,- for
the efficient management of your common interests, in a
country so extensive as ours, a government of as much
vigor as is consistent with the perfect security or liberty
is indispensable. Liberty itattfwilt bra in Inch a govern
recta, with tatrers property distributed and adjusted, iii
surest guardian. It is, indeed,.httlo else than a name,
where the Government is too feeble to withstand the en
terprises of faction, to confine each member of society
within the limits prescribed by the laws, and to- maintain ,
all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of
person and property.
I have already intimated to you the danger of parties.
in the State, with particular eeforet ce to the founding of
them upon geographical discriminations. Lot me now take
a more comprehensive view, aud•warn you, in. the niost
solemn manner, against the baneful effects of the spirit
of party generally.
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our no
tare, having its root iu the strongest passions of the hu
man mind. It exists under different shapes in all Go
vernments, more or less srlfled,controlled, or repressed;
bat in those of the popular form it is seen in its greatest
rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.
The alternate domination of one-faction over another,
Sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dis
sension, which in different ages and countries has perpe
trated rho matt horrid enorraitietk.is itself a frightful
despotism. Dot this leads at length to a more formal and
permanent despotism. The disorders and miseriea which
result gradually incline the minds - of men to-seek secu
rity and repose in the absolute power of an individual;
and, sooner or later, the chief of some prevailing faction,
more able or more fortunate than his competitors,. turns
this disposition to the purposes of las 09411 elevation on
the ruins of the pnhitc
Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind,
(which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely out of
eight,) the common and continual mischiefs of the spirit
of party are sufficient to make it the interest , and dutr of
a wise people to discourage anti restrain it.
It serves always to distract the public councils and
enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the Com
munity with ill-founded jealsusies and false alarms; kin
dles the animosity of one part against another; foments
occasional riot and insurrection. It opens the door to
foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated.
access to the Government itself through the channels of
party passion. Thus, the policy and will of one country
are subjected to the policy tutu will of another.
There is an opinion that parties in free countries are
useful checks upon the administration of the Govern
ment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This,
within certain limits, is probably true; and in Govern
ments of a monarchical cast patrielient May look with
indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party.
But in those of the popular character, in Governments
purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From
the natural tendency, it is certain there will always be
enough of that spirit for every salutary purpose; and
there being constant danger of excess, the effort ought
to be, by force of public opinion, to mitigate and assuage
it. A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigi
lance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of
warming, it should consume.
It is important, likewise, that the habits of thinking
in a free country should inspire caution, in those en
trusted with Its administration, to confine themselves
within their respective constitutional spheres; avoiding,
in the exercise of the powers of one department, to en
crouch upon another. The spirit of encroachment tends
to consolidate the powers of all the departments in ono,
and thus to create, whatever the form of government, a
real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power,
and proneness to abuse it, which predominate in the hit-
Men heart, is entfielent to Kitt* us of the truth of this
position. The necessity of reciprocal checks in the ex
ercise of political power, by dividing and distributing It
into different depositories, and constituting each the
guardian of the public weal against invasions of the
other, has been evinced by experiments ancient and
modern ; some of them in our country, and under our
own eyes. To Drawers them must be as libabailart as to
institute them. If, in the opinion of the people, the distri
bution or modification of the constitutonal powers be, in
any particular, wrong, let it be corrected by an amend.
meat in the way which the Constitution designates. But
let there be no change by usurpation; for though this, in
one Instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the
customary weapon by which free Governments are de
stroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance,
in permanent evil, any partial or transient benefit which
the use can at any time yield.
Of all the dispositions and habits which load to political
p o prosperity ,
Tth w
s religion otil " dt et h:t man claim tl7ar the tribute
Itlli
15PeUl e7 u p!.
•
triotlem who should labor to subvert these great pillars
of human happiness—these firmest props of the duties of
men and citizens. The mere politician, equally with the
pions mam'ought to respect and to charnel them. A TO.
1111110 could not trete all their connection with private
and public felicity. Let it be simply asked, where is the
security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense
of religions obligation desert the oaths which are the in
struments of investigation in courts of justice 1 And Id
us with caution indulge the supposition that morality
can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be
conceded to the Influence of refined education on minds
of pounder structure, reason and experience both forbid
us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclu
sion of religions principles.
It is substantially true that virtue or morality is a ne
cessary spring of popular government. The rule, indeed,
extends with more or lees force to every species of free
goveramene Who that is a sincere friend to it can look
with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation or
the fabricl
Promote, then, ae an object of primary importance, in
stitutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In pro
portion as the structure of a government gives force to
public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should
be enlightened.
Ae a very Important source of strength and security,
cherish public credit. One method of preserving it is to
use It as sparingly as possible; avoiding occasions of ex
pellee by cultivating peace, but remembering also that
timely 11.0buzsemeuts to prepare for danger frequently
grater dishurectuenia to repel itj avoid.
ing, likewise, the accumulation of debt, not only by
shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exer
tions in time of peace to didcharge the debts which
unavoidable wars have occasioned, not ungenerously
throwing upon posterity the burden which we ourselves
ought to bear. The execution of these maxima belongs
to your repreernutaliven, but it is necessary that public
opinion should co-operate. To facilitate to them the
performance of their duty, it is essential that you should
practically bear in mind that toward the payment of
debts there must be revenue; that to have revenue there
must he taxes; that no taxes can be devised which are
not more or less inconvenient add unpleasant ; that the
intrinsic embarrassment, ineeparaidg rpm the peleetion
of the proper objects, (which is always a choice of dint
colties,) ought to he a decisive motive fora candid con
struction of the conduct of the Government in making it,
and for a spirit of acgalescence In the measures for ob
taining revenue which the public exigencies may at any
time dictate.
Obwrvo good loath and j netica toward all nations;
cultivate peace and harniony with all. Religion and mo
rtally enjoin this conduct; and can itbe that good policy
does not equally enjoin it 2 It will be worthy of a free,
enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great nation, to
give to, mankind the magnanimous end too novel ex
ample of Mee iglrgre guided by an exalted justke
and benevolence. 'Who can doubt that, in the course of
time and things, the fruits of such a plea would richly
rePaY any temporary advantages that might be lost by
a steady adherence to it? Can it be that Providence has
connected the permanent felicity of a nation with its
virtue? The experiment, at least, Is recommended by
every sentiment which ennobles human nature. Alas !
it is rendered impossible by its vices.
In the execution of Ruch a plan, nothing Limon) enloll.
tial than that permanent invetetato ahtipathles against
particular nations, and passionate attachments for others,
should be excluded ; and that, in the place of them,
just and amicable feelings toward all should be culti
vated. The nation *NO, indulges toward another au
habitual hatred or an habitual fondness is, in tome de
gree? a slave ft is a slave to ltd animosity or to its af.,
fection, either of which is sufficient to lead it astray from
its duty and its interest. Antipathy in ono nation
against another disposes each more readily to offer in
sult and injury, to lay hold of alight causes of umbrage,
and to be haughty and intractable, when accidental or
trifling occlusions of dispute onvlif, Hence, frequent col.
ikons, and obstinate, envenomed, and bloody contests.
The nation, prompted by and resentment, some
times impels to war the . Government, contrary to the beet
calculations of policy. The Clovernmeut sometimes par
ticipates in the national propensity, and adopts, through
passion, what reason would reject. At other times it
nmKet the BillilleßitY of the nation eubdervient b the
projects of hostility, instigated by pride, ambition, and
other sinister and pernicions motives. The peace
often—sometimes, perhaps, the liberty of nations—has
been the victim.
So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one nation for
another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the
favorite nation, facilitating the illusion of an imaginary
SkIi!MINI ibtoti'et in cane where no real common interest
exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other,
betrays the former into a participation iu the quarrels and
the ware of the latter, without adequate inducements or
justification. It Ica& also to concessions to the favorite
nation of privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly
to {Mare the nation making the concessions, by unneces
sarily parting with what att,qht to have been retainta,
and by exciting jealousy, and a diepoeition to
retaliate, in the parties from whom equal privileges are
withheld ; and it gives to ambitious, corrupt, or de ,
hided citizens (who devote themselves to the favorite
nation) facility to betray or sacrificethe interests or their
own country, without odium, sometimes even with popu
larity ; gilding with the appearances of a virtuous sense
of obligation to a commendable deference for public opi
nion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or
foolieh compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatua
tion.
An tlifefilletl to foreign influence in innumerable seem
such attachments are particularly alert:deg to the truly
enlightened and independent patriot. How many oppor
tunities do they afford to tamper with domestic factions,
to practice the arts of eeduction, to mislead public opinion,
to influence or awe the public councils. Such an attach
ment of a mall or weak toward a great and pewo r ful
one deems the former to be the satellite of the latter.
Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I con
jure yen to believe me, fellow citizens) the jealousy of a
free Peel* ought to be constantly awake, since history
and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the
most banefeel foes of republican government. But that
jerdenay, to be useful, must be impartial j else it becomes
tht, itAtiutuolt of the vary infinenco to be avoided, in
stead of te defence against it. Excessive partiality for
one foreign nation, and excessive dislike for another,
cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one
side, and serve to veil and even second the arts of in
fluence on the ether. Beal patriots, who may resist the
intrigues of the favorite, are liable to become suspected
and „m ou e, «htle its tools and dupes usurp the applause
and confidence of the people to surrender their inte
rests.
The great ruts of conduct for us in regard to foreign
nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have
with them as little , political connection as possible. So
at hoes already formed ehdatementa, let them be
fulfdltd with perfect good faith. Here let us step.
Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have
none, or a Very remote relation. Hence, she must he on
gaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are
essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it
meet ba UfrifliP IP *THOU+ ofireelren, by artificial
tier, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the
or dinary combinations and collisions of her friendships
or enmities.
• • •
Our detached and distant situation invites and enables
us to pursue a diffeient course. If we remain one peo
ple, under an ef f icient Government, the period is not - far
off when we may defy material injury from external an.
mance when we may take such Mi attitude as will
cause the neutrality we may at any time reeolvo upon
to be scrupulously respected; whea belligerent nations,
under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us,
wilt not lightly hazard the giving us provocation ; when
we may choose peace or war, as our interests, guided by
justice, shall counsel.
Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation?
Why unit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why,
by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of
Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils
of European ambition, rivalskip, interest, humor, or ca
price?.
It is our trno policy to atoer clear of permanent Mil
an:es with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I
BiNftliy as we are new at liberty to do it; for let me not
be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to ox
iglus. engagements. I hold the maxim no lees applicable
to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always
the best policy. I repeat, therefore, let those engage
ments be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my
opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, to ex
tend them,
Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable es•
tablisbments, on a respectable defensive posture, we may
s afely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary
emergencies.
Bannon)", and a liberal intercourse with all nations,
are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But
even our commercial policy should hold en equal and im
partial hand ; neither seeking nor granting exclusive fa
vors nor preferences; consulting the natural course of
things ; diffusing and diversifying, by gentle means, the
stream of commerce, but forcing nothing; establishing,
with powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable
course, to define the rights of our merchants, to ena
ble the Government to support them, conventional sides
or intercourse, the beet that present circumstances and
natural opinion will permit, but temporary and liable to
be, from time to time, abandoned or varied, as experience
and circumstances shall dictate; constantly keeping in
- view that it is folly in one nation tolook for disinterested
favors from another i that it must pay, with a portion of
its independence, for whatever it may accept under that
character; that by such acceptance it may place itself in
the condition of having given equivalents for nominal fa
vors, and yet of being reproached with ingratitude for not
having given more. There can be no greater error than to
expect, or calculate upon, real favors from nation to na
tion. It is en illusion which experience must cure, which
a just pride ought to discard.
In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels of
an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they will
make the strong and lasting impression I could wish ;
that they will control the usual current of the passions,
or prevent our nation from running the course which his
hitherto marked the destiny of nations. But, if I may even
flatter myself that they may ho productive of some
partial benefit, some occasional good ; that they may now
and then recur to moderate the fury of party spirit, to
warn against the mischiefs of foreign intrigue, to guard
against the:impostures of pretended patriotism—this hope
will be a full recompense for the solicitude of your welfare
by which they have bosh dictated.
Bow far, in the discharge of my official duties, I have
been guided by the principles which have been delineated,
the public records, and other evidences of my conduct,
must witness to you and to the world. To myself, the
assurance of my own conscience is, that I have at least
believed myself to be gadded by them,
In relation to the still-subsisting war in Europe, my
proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the index to
my phut. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by
that of your representatives in both houses of Congress,
the spirit of that measure bag continually governed mei
uninfluenced by guy attempts to deter or divert me tram it.
After deliberate examination, with the aid of the beet
lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our
country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a
right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to
take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined,
at for as ;Mudd depend upon me, to maintain it trio)
Moderation, perseverance, and firtitinlea.
The considerations which respect the right to hold Silti
conduct It Is not necessary on this occasion to detail. I
will only observe, that, according to my understanding of
the matter, that right, so far front being denied by any
of the belligerent Powers, has been virtually admitted
by all.
The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred,
without anything more, from the obligation which jus
tice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in
which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations
of peace and entity toward other nations. "
The Inducements of interest for observing that con-
duct will beet be referred to Your own refiseidene and
experience. With me, a predominant motive has been
to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and
mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress, with
out Interruption, to that degree of strength and con.
stoney which is necessary to give it, humanly speak.
lug, hit command Of its own fortunes.
Though, in reviewing the incidents of my Admialstra-
lion, I am unconscious of intentional orror, I am, never
theless, too sensible of my defects not to think it
probable that I may have committed many errors.
Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech the Al-
mighty to avert or mitigate the erns to which they may
tend. t Shall also carry with= the hope that my country
will never cease to view them with indulgence; and that,
after forty-flue years of my life dedicated to its service
with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities
will be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to
the zuanslone of rest.
Belying on its kinilneu in this, as in other things, and
actuated by that fervent love toward It which is so na
tural to a man who views in it the native Boil of himself
and his progenitors for several generations, I anticipate,
with pleasing expectations, that retreat in which I pro
mise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoy
ment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, the
benign inflames of good laws under a free Government—
the ever favorite object of my heart—and the happy re
ward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, and dangers.
ONORAI/D
UNITED STATES, 17th of Sept., 1706.
GREAT CCCIC-FIGHT BETWEEN PHILA.
DEIIIIII AND New TORI Dried cockfight
that has been in process of arrangement for eome months,
came off on Wednesday night, at the Cricket Court,
Bowery. The principal owners of cocks were William
Brumtuit, of Philadelphia, and John 'Mulholland, of
New York. About $15,000 depended upon the result of
the flight, that being the amount. of the betting. 'no
steno in the cock-pit is described an repulsive and cruel
in the extreme, but the " honors" were carried off by
Philadelphia, the birds of this locality having wbn seven
out of thirteen battles. In other words, eight New York
chickens were killed, and seven Philadelphia chickens.
There are three pietas for cock-fighting in this city, all
of which eta in Moyamensing, and two notorious des
pite, one at the Schuylkill, foot of South street, the other
at the junction of Long lane and Buck road.
TWO CENTS.
FROM FORTRESS MONROE,
ARRIVAL OF THE RELEASED UNION
PRISONERS.
A LIST OF THEIR NAMES.
VlPPs3:olotU:WF.ViM44:scid:ti , ' , o);(eb 11: I :4
From Fortress Monroe.
FORTARSS htonnoa, Feb. 'lo, via Baltimore.—Notice
having been received by General ,Wool that some four
hundred exchanged prieonere would be sent down the
Aimee liver yesterday, the steamers George 'Washing
ton and Expros suit at about noon for tee awaited
meeting, lilac(' •
The rebel boat liltd appointed to meet us at 3 &clock,
but at that time she was not in sight, and shortly after a
heavy fog set in, making it impossible to more In any
direction.
The tow-boats were fastened together, and having
dfQPptil atithert Waited for the rebel boat to *totem
The fog did not lift till late in the evening, when the wind
blew so fresh that the boats dragged their anchors, and
bad to bo separated.
This morning at sunrise the expected prisoners made
their appearance on the steamer William Allison, which,
it seemed, had also anchored for the night a few miles
above no.
She immediately came alongside, all 4 the roll of Friooll.
ere being called, they were transferred to our boats. The
return passage u • es made without any accident, and we
arrived here at about 10 &clock this forenoon. The
prisoners will be immediately sent North.
The steamer Georgia has jun arrived at Fortress Mon
roe. She lute on hoard the Twenty-11rd Indiana BEIO,
ment.
Another French gunboat is coming up.
The Adelaide brought down from Baltimore, this
morning, the Fourth Wisconsin Regiment. They will be
temporarily encamped on the beach. Other regiments
are ;shortly expected.
A Ibis of t.uco to aran,7 lelaad Oda afternoon took
several passengersdown, and brought back the crew of the
uhich ran the blockade of Savannah some
time since, 'with a valuable cargo ; the captain and
crew of the light-ship, before reported as having gone
ashere during the last severe storm, and the crew of a
British schooner Which haii Ws° ran into Bid:mouth
List of the Released Prisoners.
The following is a complete list of the prisonera who
arrived this forenoon by the flag of truce from Rich
mond :
Capt. W. L. tanning, 30th N. Y.
Capt. John Mat koe, lel California.
Capt. J. M. Smell,-,y, 13th Masa.
Capt. B. B. Toed, N . Y. Cavalry.
First Lieutenant Robert Campbell, 19th N. Y.
First Lieutenant T. B. Glover, 9th Maine.
First Lieutenant Samuel Giberson, 2d N. Y.
Second Lieutenant J. N. Andrews, 30th N. Y.
Second Lieutenant Chas. 11. Burd, 4th Maine.
Socond Lieutenant J. N. Groomer, 14th N. Y.
Second Lieutenant .1. H. Hooper, 15th Mass.
Second Litditenaht N. IL Kerns, lst California,
Second Lientexant a. N. Kensey, lot California.
Second Lieutenant Charles McPherson, 42d N. Y.
Second Lieutenant G. B. Perry, 20th Mass,
First Lieutenant John Whyte, 790, N. Y.
First Lieutenaut B. Van Yoest, 42d N. Y.
Captain C. S. Simons, 15th Mass.
Second Lieutenant W. H. Jones, 28th Infantry, U.S. A,
Clark Stevens, Co. F, y,
L. S. Bennett, Co. it, 20th N. Y.
R. Bold, Co. B, 10th N. Y.
T. J. Baxter, Company . D,lsth Mass.
A Chapman, let Cavalry, Pa.
Win. Campbell, Company 11, 19th New York.
C. H. Cooly, Sergeant Major, 20th Indiana.
T. C. Could, Company 1), :Nth Now York.
W. Hodge, 79th Now York.
James Lyons, Company K. 40th New York.
Jacob Leese, Company I, 6th Ohio.
Chas. 111cCluskey, Company (1, 19th Now York.
Jas. F. Meagher, Company I, 2d New York.
Frederick Otto, U. S. Marines.
L. C. Olney, Company D, 3d Battery.
F. A. Braun, Company A. let atioossota.
WO. Company H, 34 Connecticut.
A. N. Parris, Company it, 24 Vermont.
J. Biddy, Company B, 30th New York.
M. F. Seidlenger, Company H, 4th Maine.
A F. Salisbury, Company C, 4th Maine.
W. H. Sloanaker, Company H, Ist Cal.
A. 3. 'McCleary, Company 0, let Cal.
G. W. Walker, Pennsylvania.
W. Ronan, Company G, Ist Rhode Island.
W. Stewart, corporal, Co. G, 14th Now. York.
Charles Millar, Co. C, De lf.a.R. Regiment.
Isaac Alexander, Co. E., 2d Maas.
Lyman Adams, Co. E, id Mass.
M. McGetriek, corporal, Co. E, 27th New York.
Daniel 31. Kane, Co. IL let California.
W. E. Tyndale, Co. C, Ist California.
George Wiser, corporal, Co. A, let California.
George Staub, Co. A, Ist California.
John Began, Co. D, Ist California.
Henry. Dougherty, Co_ L, let California.
Thomas Hand, CO. L, let California.
Daniel Labh, Co. P, Pat California.
Adam McCormack, orderly sergeant, Co. H, let Cal.
W. Colebaugh, Co. D, let California.
George W. Dougherty, Co. A. lot California.
T. Weiser, Co. A, Ist California.
Patrick Burns, Co. G, Ist California.
S. Bennett, Co. P, Ist California.
John Vance, tle. P, let California.
Spelbretilt, Co P, lot califorade..
John Hagen, Co. P, let California.
James McQuade, Co. 1., let California.
W. McGier, Co. I', let California.
Richard Rielly, Co. P, let California.
John Childs, Co. N, First California.
John Wise, Company I', First California.
N. Clement, (10.. P, First California.
Ceo. W. Harper, Co. P, First California.
Co• 11, First ositiorma,
W. Wilktnaon, Co. IL First California.
S. Hopkins, Co. A, First California.
A. L. Morris, corporal, Co. C. First California.
Chas. E. Cheeseruan, Co. N, First California.
Chas. Fergan, Co. F, Thirtieth New York.
G. W. Rills ' Co. 14, First California.
J. F. Neal, Co. A, First California.
H. Kramer, 00, Filet California,
John Laller. Co. N, First California.
W. Isphording, Co. lf, First California.
S. Rex, Co. N, First California.
W. Gerrald,.Co. N, First California. •
E. N. Young, Co C, Firer California.
S. Jonas, Co. A, First California.
11. Webster, sergeant CO. A, 30th N. Y.
A. Brown, Co. A, 20th Maas.
4, W. Durfne, Co. H, 20th Masa.
'l'. E. Iverson, Co. Et, 200, Mass,
T. Wale, Co. N, 42d N. Y.
C. Pettit, Co. H, 14th N. Y.
E. Rice, Co. 11, 13th N. Y.
Chas. 11 Street, Co. A, let Cal.
N. la Willard. Co. P, let Cal.
31 E, Adonis, CO, H, 4211 N. Y.
A. M. Barrio/ Co. A, let Cal.
G. R. Brancatt, Co. A, Ist Cal..
W. Burns, Co. K, 424 N. Y.
S. Fite Frye, Co. -, lath Maim
F. Miller, corporal, Co. H, let Cal.
J. P. Stowe, Co. 6, 15th Mass.
Walter Wingate, Co. N, let Cal.
4.11. Coons, sergeant, 20th Masa.
A. H. Albright, Co. 11, 20th Mass.
John Craig, Ce. 0, 424 N. Y. - -
Richard Hawkins, Co. -, 20th Masa.
Charles A. Lehman, Co. L. Ist Cal.
Thomas Murray, Co. K, 42d N. Y.
G. C. Moore, Co. P, la, Cal.
G. A. Orchard, Co. P. let Cal.
T. J. O'Connell, Co. G, 2Crch Nana. •
Henri Place, Co_ I), 2001 Maas.
11. B. Runyan, Co. P, let Cal.
John Rumbles, Co. D, 20th Mass.
G. W. Rinehart, Co. P, let Cal.
W. A. Siuneeter, Co. D, 20th Mass.
E. Sullivan, Co. It. 42d N. Y. •
A. Simmons, Co. I, 30th N. Y.
R. H. L. Talcott, Co. D. 20th Masa.
E. B. Weston, Co. A, 20th Maas.
H. T. Murgalano, Co. C, lst
J. Ithaca, tie. A, let Gal.
F. Leesher, Co. P, let Cal.
F. Palawan, Co. P, let Cal.
Thomas Mitchell, Co. N, Ist Cal.
B. Bugler, Co. I, 15th Mass.
N. Q. Alley, Co. 11, 20th Mass.
L. Hazzard, Co. F., 12th Ind.
W. B. Lechler, Co. C, Cal.
W. H. Luddar, Um IL, 14th N. Y.
L. W. Miller, Co. o,lst Cal.
T. J. Ponsland, orderly sergeant, CO. let CM.
T. B. Roes, Co. 11, 13th Man.
L. Sorcroy, Co. 1,42 d N. Y.
A. P. Shultz, orderly sergeant, Co. P, let
W. 11, Cox, corporal, Co. A, let Cal.
Thmulia Calton. Co. A, let Cal.
It, Greenwood, Co. A, let Cal
A. Pasterson, Co. A, let Cal.
W. H. Shaffer, sergeant, Co. A, Ist Cal.
Theo. Stokes, Co. A, let Cal.
H. A. Harding, orderly sergeant, Co. V. let CAL
E. G. Carpenter, Co. C, let Cal.
cri c. liblaer, CO. C, let Cal.
J.lll. Mcßride, Co. C, let Cal.
A. Gorger, corporal, Co. O. let Cal.
James Lewis, Co. 0, let Oat.
B. P.. Brown; Co. o,lst Cal.
J. C. Hufty, corporal, Co. C, let Cal.
W. J. Scott, Co. C, let Cal.
G. Auckland, Co D, let Cal.
Greenhaigh, Co. B, let Cal.
4. Heap, Co. D, let Cal.
John Johnson, Co. D, let Cal. -
Thomas Palmer, corporal, Co. D, let Cs!.
Oliver Snyder, Co. 11, Ist Cal.
Thomas Zepp, Co. D, tat Cal.
John Fish, Co. D, let Cal.
Richard Standing, Co. 1), let Cal.
W. Floss, Co. D, let Cal.
Harry Ashmore, Co. 13, Ist Cal.
Ham Luther, Co. N. let Cat_
B. J. Fleck. Co. 11, let Cal.
Edward Ford, Co. H. let Cal.
John Riley, corporal, Co. 11, lst Cal.
S. McDonald, Co. 11, let Cal.
J. McMenamin, Co. 11, let Cal.
Joseph Heald, Co. H, Ist Cal.
G. W. Baker, Co. L, let Cal.
.1. P. Armstrong, Co. L, Lit Cal,
W. Gouger, Co. L,let Cal.
H. F. Little, Co. L, let Cal.
John McCuen, Co. L, lot Cal.
W. Roberts, Co. 1., let Cal.
Thos. Graham, Co. L. let Cal.
David Emertck, Co. N, let Cal.
A. Simons, Co. N. let Cal.
John Martin, corporal, Co. li, let Cat.
G. S. Brown, sergeant, Co P, 114 001.
Edward Cleary, Co. A, 424 N.Y.
N. Dolman, Co. A, 424 N. Y.
4 . /award Flood, Co. A, 42d N. Y.
George Sykes, Co. A, 421 N. Y.
John Wilson, Co. A, 42d N. Y.
Thonuty Jarnee, Co. A, 404 N
1"191111/. Hoehn, mineral, Co. A, MN_ Y.
Thomas Whitehouse '
CO. let Cal.
C. Baker, Co. 0; 424 N. Y.
Robert Crawford, eergeaut, Co. 0, 424 N. V.
M. Por atom, Ce. C, 424 N. Y.
G. W. Odell, corporal, 00. C, 42d N. Y.
- 11 Pardee, Co. C, 424 N. Y.
W. C. Merrick, Co. 11, 30th N.Y.
J. McCurtY, Co. 0, 4 24 N. Y.
R. Lindsey, Co. 0, 424 N. Y.
Michael ()can, Co. 0, 424 N. Y.
Thomas Dellnia, sergeant, Co. 1,42 d N. Y.
Thomas Pot ter, Co. G, 30th N. Y.
J. C. Joyce, corporal, Co. IC, 424 N. Y
Pat Lynch, sergeant, Co. P, 42d N. Y.
O. McConnell, orderly sergeant, Co. 1, 424 N. Y.
W. Idahony, Co. F, 42'1 IL Y.
G. Oman, Co- E,42,1 N. Y.
Edward Taste, Co, 1, 424 N. Y.
D. O'Neil, Co. R, 42d N. Y.
S. Hunan, Co. F., 424 N. Y.
James Byron, Co. 11, 421 N. Y.
0 J. Dolan, Co. IL 424 N. Y.
Pat. Flattery, Co. 11, 42d N. Y.
David Moffitt, Co. E, 30th N. Y.
1' Moore, Co. 11,42 d N. Y.
James Matudian, 60, H, 424 N. Y.
N. Lynch, Co. 11, 42d N. Y.
M. Doran, Co. H, 42d N. Y.
Michael Quivan, Co. 11, 424 N. Y.
T. Carney, Co. K, 424 N. Y.
L. W. Early, CO. K, 424 N. Y.
W. Hastings', Co. K, 42d N. Y.
J.J. Monaghan, sergeant, Co. K, 424 N. Y.
D. Sullivan, Co, 424
W. G. 'Weber, Co.
W. H. Walker, sergeant, ad CaValrYt Pa.
D. Mations - , Co. K, 424 N. Y.
THE WAR PRESS.
TOR WAR PRESB will be sent to subscrlber9 by
mall (par annum In fuivance) at 02.00
Throe Coplea " 5.00
Five " " it 0.00
Ton 12.00
Larger Chiba will be charged at the same rate, thug:
20 copies will cost $24; 50 copies will coat $OO i and 101
copies $l2O.
For a Club of Twenty-one or gran WO Will Bens la
Sara Copy to the getter•uP Or the Club.
isr Postmasters are requeeted to act se Agent. foe
TEE R PRESS '
sr"- Ad, -erttsements Inserted at the usual rate& Biz
lines eonstit.it° a Square'
B. Harvey, co, if, 41M N Y.
D. Gallagher, Cm 15, 44,1 N. Y.
Peter Dry E, 420 N. Y.
Alex. Aken, Co, D i 20111 Mass.
F. 8. Allen, Co. GI, 20:h Maws.
Thos. Armstrong, sergvant, Co, „11, 20th Mara.
J. 11. Alley, Co. 11. 2011, Man.
A. mown, Co. A, 20iii bfami,
Chas. J. Curtis, Co_ 1), omit M.s4a.,
John Chapman, Co. C. 20th Mass,
E I). Chase, co. 0, 2011, blass.
Jas. Clark, Co. 11, 201), Mass.
J. W. Corbin, Co. 11, 20th MOM,
Richard Duitlo, Co. 1), 2011, Mass.
H. A. Durrey, sergeant. Cu. D, 20th Mawr.
P. Dougherty, Co. N, 2011, mass,
E. Eickenstein, gergeant, Co. E, 20th Miss.
G. Tolsohi, Co. 11, 20th Mass.
John Flynn, CO. H, 20th Mass.
Chaska A Foster ' Co. 11, 20th Mass.
11. A. Fairbanks, Co. 11, 20th Mast.
F. C. Gestier, Co. D, 20th Mass,
L. Griffin, Co. GI, 20th Mass.
Thomas Glacier!, Co. 0, 20th Mats,
M. 9. Gardner,Co.li, 20th Maas.
L. D. Goddard, sergsaut, Co. 0, 20th Masa.
T. Hartford, Co. A, 20th NM&
J. Dealy, Co. A, 24th Mass.
Henry Heath, Co. A, 20th Mass.
./Uhll A. Haves, Co. 0, 20th Mass.
R. Barlow, corporal, Co (1, nuth Mass.
Timothy Hart, Co. B. 20th Hasa.
Wr living, Co, 1), 20th Mass,
A. Johnson, Co. 11, 20th
Thomas Kelley, Co. A, 20th kW,.
George Lucas, Co. D, 20th Mass.
Christian Moegle, Co. C, 20th Man.
Canton motvection, Co. It, 200, MOM
Thomas E. Mack, Co. 11, 20th Mass.
John Neuman, Co. G, 20th Mass.
C. O'Neil, Co. F ,2tltll Mass.
.Tolan Powers, Co. 6, 2011, Mass.
Patrick quip:melt, Co. 0, 20th Mitts,
W. kowers, Co. 11, 20th Mass
S. P. Reeves, sergeant, Co. D, 20th Mass.
W. 0. her, Co. D, 20th Mass.
T. C. Richards, Co B, 20th Mass.
H. Shaw, Co. A, 20th Mass.
.1. Schlecker, Co. C, 20th Mass.
G. Sarah, Co. E, 20th Mass.
K. V. Skinner, Co. I, 20th Massa
0. N. Newton, Co. A,lsth Mace.
F. May, Ca. A, 15th Mass.
L. S. Atgood, Co. A, 10th Mass.
W. B. Whitney, Co. A, nth Mass.
W. Mihail, Co. A, 15th Mass.
J. M. Bobbins, corporal, Co. A, 10th Maas.
A. Bruce, Co. B, 1641% Mass.
C. J. Easton, Co. 6,1111 Maria.
H. J. Hosmtr, Co. B, 15th Mass.
J. E. Morse, Co. It, 15th Mass.
J. Pratt, Ca. B, 15th Mass.
C. B. Carnager, Co. 11, Ist Cal.
A. W.l inter, Co. L, lot Cal,
Andrew Bicker, Co. -Ohio.
C. A. Sterne, Co, B, 16th Mau.
Daniel Woodward, Co. 11. 20th Mass.
T. J. Hastings, fin. Tt, lath Mass.
W.H. Emerson, Co. E, 1511, Mass.
H. 0. Adams, Co. Gatith Maas.
B. Ward, Co. I, 15th Mass.
John B. Burns, Co. H, 18th Ind.
0. McLaughlin, Co. B, 424 N. Y.
.31cClearY, Co. K, 42/.1. Now York.
J. Walsh, Co. C, 42d New York.
M. Cunningham, Co. E, 42d New York.
W. Dunham, Co. E, 424 New York.
Daniel Devlin, Co. C, 42d Now York.
John C. Calhoun, Co. C, 42d New York.
Daniel Culligan, Co. N, Ist California.
J. B. Van Aiken, CO. A, Ist California.
D. L. Miles, corporal, Co A, let California.
A. J. ilorPlits, Co. A, let California.
G. S. Massey, Co, C, Ist California.
J. H. Simmons, Co. (J, Ist California.
G. W. Boston Co. C. Ist California.
Chas. Wild, do. N, let California.
Jas. Si. Chapman, CO. 11, hat California.
M. Patton, Co. 11, Ist Caine:du,
P. Martin, Co.II, lot California,
J. Bur, Co. F, ai Cavalry, Pa.
N.llOl or, CO. L, Ist CsllG rhla.
Fred Walk, Co. L, Ist California.
E. Quigley, Co. L, let California.
W. J. Skerritt, Co. L, Ist California.
L. W. Stone, Co. B, 15th Massachusetts.
J. D. Brigham, corporal, Cu. 0, 15th Maasaohasetts.
A. Fuller, sergeant, Co. C, 15th Massachusetts.
A. J. Putnam, corporal, Co. C, 15th naloggiagotuk,
W. H. Taylor, Co. C, 15th Massachuserta,
0, W. B, Sawyer, Co. C, 10th Meadachusotts.
D. 0. Wallace, Co. 0, 15th nlessacuusetts.
C. H. Adams, Co. D, 15th Massachusetts.
C. D. Bonner, Co. D, 15th Massachusetts.
G. G. Noyes, sergeant, Co D, lath Massachusetts.
H. Weixler, Co. 1), 15th Mass•chusetts.
T Bindge, Co. E, 75th Massachusetts,
J. 31. Morrow, corporal, Co. E, 15th alaasachimittal.
E, V. 51eQuIsey, Co. E, loth elassachusetts.
P. Fagan, Co. N, 10th Massachusetts.
W. M. Davis, CO. 33, 15th Massachusetts.
W. H. Anduitlon, Co. F., loth Massachusetts.
C. F. Deland. Co. E. 15th Massachusetts.
.1. H. Howard, Co. F, 15th Massachusetts.
W. G. Metre, Co. F, 15th Massachusetts.
H. Vibesd, Co. F, 15th Massachusetts.
David Eicktt, CO. F, lath Massachusetts.
W. Adams, SZSTATItI, Ca. F, 13th Maesachusettis
Ches. Davie, Co. 0, 15th Massachusetts.
Michael Dugan, Co. 0, 15th Massachusetts.
C W. Unigate, corporal, Co. G, 15th Ittaasachasetts.
S.C. Orland, Co. 0, 15th Massachusetts.
John Clansy, Co. G, 1515 Massachusetts.
E. H. 'Hewitt, Co. 0, 15th Massachusetta.
J. B. Williams, Co. G, 15th Massachusetts.
Thos. Horne, Co. 11, 15th Massachusetts.
W. A. Bosworth, Co. I, 16th Massa.clutseiti,
J. Banc., Co. 1,15 th Masnachusetta.
A, J. Raymond, Co. I, 10th Massachusetts,
Samuel Foley, Co. 11, 20th Massachusetts.
--- Hatfield, Company I, 15th Massachusetts.
A.. 1. Smarty, Company I, 15th Massachusetts,.
E. L. Partnenter, Company I, 15th efasruschnsette.
W. H. Burnham, Co. li, 15th Massachnaotte.
W 11. Freernar, Co. K,lsth Massachusetts.
11, Hickson; Co. K, 13th Massachusetts.
M. Mcßride, Co. K, 16th Massachnsetta.
J. B. Burns, Co. K. lEth Massachusetts.
E. Olney, Co. K, 16th Massachusetts.
Henry Dunlevy, Co. C, lot California.
J. McCaw, Co. L, let California.
3. Iluntly, sergeant, Co. N, Ist California.
J. L. Hughs Co. N, let California.
lA'eaver, Co. N, jet California.
Joseph Zaire; Co. N; lot California.
James Divine, Co. o,lst Califr.rnia.
J. McKnight, Co. P, Ist California.
G. F. Basil; Co. L, Ist California.
C. Clines, Co. F, 30th New York.
C. Fisher, Co 1, 611/ Ohio.
J. B Zepp, Co. D, let California.
B. H. Carpenter, Co. C, Ist California.
W. Senator, Co. Il.lst California.
D. Pratt, Co. A, 2/11.1. Pannoylvania,
W. Diggelsman, Co. C, 42d New York.
Frank. M. Welsh, Menden, Connecticut.
Sarallel Jones, Allah:am
Charles Smith, Cleveland, Ohio.
Lewis Bell, Ohio.
The four last aro negroes.
NEWS FROM THE REBEL STATES.
Among the passengers on the Georgeanna, which
reached Baltimore on Thursday from Fort Monroe,
was a man named Richardson, of New York, wile
has been engaged for several years in teaching
school in North Carolina. Re was forced to join
the rebel army, and was stationed at Portsmouth,
but shortly before the attack of General Burnside
obtained a short furlough on account of bad health.
At the time of the taking of Elizabeth City he
was within sound of the cannonading, and hasten
ing to the almost deserted city, olaimod the protec
tion of his country's flag. Com. Rowan took hint
on board, along with Dr. Speed, of that city, who
has remained true to the old flag amid all the trea
son which surrounded him. hlr. Riebarben gale
much valuable information to Gen. Burnside and
Com. Goldsborough, who furnished him with a pass
to his borne in New York.
Ile represents that about one-fourth of Elizabeth
City was burned, including the principal hotel,
called the Lee house. When be loft the people
who had fled were returning to their homes. He
repreEents the excitement in the surrounding coun
try as intense, and although there was consider
able Union sentiment it was dangerous to openly
deolaro it. The true sentiment of tho people can
not be ascertained until they receive protection, ai
they are thoroughly helpless.
The number of prisoners on Roanoke Island, we
learn from Mr. Richardson, h ictu ascertained to
be twenty , seven hundred.
The steamer William TVlalelon has been placed
on the line between the Fortress and Newport News,
in the place of the Express.
The Charleston Courier of the 15th instant pub.
lisbes a long editorial on the recent reverses to tbeig
Urea at PoVabkir Llama and Fort nenry, it says :
"We have sustained heavy loss in munitions of war,
our country has been deprived of the services or
several thousands of her best disciplined and bravest
soldiers, and parents and wives weep in the bitter
ness of grief over those who will rover again bless
WM with their smiles, The enemy pushes on
flushed with victory, to win more triumphs, and to
cause other hearts to bleed. We feel t hese re
verses. We acknowledge them openly."
Jeff Davis has made a requisition on Governor
Brown, of Georgia, and Governor Bhuter, of Ala
bama, calling for twelve thousand additional troops
from each of their respective States, to serve for a
term of three years or for the war.
The Atlanta Confederacy of the 14th but. says :
"It seems that Nashville is seriously threatened.
Two trains left here yesterday and one last night to
bring Government stores from that city."
RELICS OF THE REVOLUTION.—The invasion
of Virginia to suppress tbe rebellion has resulte4.
In the ioeuvery of very Interesting relies of
the Revolutionary war. An instance of this kind
has just fallen under our notion, in which an Erie
county soldier has rescued from the Old Dominiettl
a book, relating to the Revolution, which belongs,
properly, in the keeping of those who stand by the
Ili% which Washington and his eompatrioto estgb
tithed as our national standard, A short time
since, while the Feurteenth Regiment New York
Volunteers, Colonel McQuade, were on picket
duty near Ball's Hill, Virginia, a number of the
members of the regiment went outside the lino
to a house within the range of the guns of the
rebel pickets. The hernia elonged to old See
materna', who had deserted' it from fear of being
arrested by the Union men, as It was known that
he had been guilty of overt acts of treason. Upon
entering the house it was found that the furniture
had been left, and one of the soldiers, a resident
of this county, perceiving an old•looking book,
examined it, and found that it was a record of the
RiiVOlntienery. "WWI, It preVad to be the order
book of General Washington, in manuscript, com
mencing March, 1776, and reaching through seve
ral years. It sontoins general orders, special or
ders, details of officers, court-martials ' plans of
battles, official reports of engagements, eto. These
orders were signed by General Washington himself,
/18 well 88 Several other generals. The signatures
of the several generals Meer on almost every page,
and it is one of the most interesting relics of the
'Revolutionary army that could be found. The
book has been sent to the residence of the officer
referred to, and is in possession of his friends, who
reside in this county.—Tuffelo Express.
THERE are now at Fortress lidourin A bout
live thousand contrabands, two-thirds of whom aro
able.bodied men. Their aggregate pay is ten dol
lars per month, two dollars of which is paid in cash,
and the rest retained for the future wants of them
selves and families.
SLNOILAR PuENOMENOL—M , 3LollfrOal,
day last week, the sit y was overspread by banks of
clouds which descen ded
ed into the street, whilst the
sides of the mountains were comparatively free
and gleaming in the sunshine. It had passed away
by about one o'clock, leaving upon the trees a thick
rune or efflorescence, singular and beautiful to took
upon.
TUE United States bas a firm Foote-bold ii
TODItIONOO.