Jr ess. SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 1861. EXXUAOT FROM I'llE LAST SPKKCHOI STIirilEH Ai POtfiljASt—* * Thf conspirncy to break up the Union is a fact now known to all. Armies are being raised, and war levied to accomplish it. There can be lint two sides to the controversy. Every man must be on the side of the United States or against it. There can be no neutrals in this war. There can be none liut patriots and traitors." TO* SAT/E.—The double-cylinder “TAVJ.OIt” Jjp,B.SSo on which this pnper lies been printed for theorist nine months. It is in ereeiient condition, mode to order a year ni'u, hi;u will bu sold at a iiurguiu. I’.jr terms apply at this nflire, or address Jong W. Fohxst, 41T Chestnut sUcct, i’hiiiiileipUia. - The Supply of Cotton. The late news irom England, shows that groat attention is constantlyjseing paid, parti cularly by thu Cotton Supply Association, to the development of new -cotton regions, and the increase ol' the products of the old districts. If is evident that fhojjnglisli manufacturers feel that, no matter vvliijt may be the result of the Secession movement,’ our Gulf States can no longer he considered reliable producers of that article, and they have such great interests at stake that they are compelled to seek else where the supplies which they have hitherto drawn from this country. The misguided planters of the South, who allowed themselves to be drawn into tile present rebellion by the belief that it would in some way tend to pro mote their interests, will evidently he among the greatest sufferers from the war. Enor mous taxes will be imposed upon thorn hv their traitor chieftains, and if the rebellion is crush ed they cannot escape their share ef the bur dens of the nation in subduing it. A shock Will be given to their system of slavery by their own mad folly, from which it will he difficult for it ever to recover. Already the price of slaves has been much reduced, and it is doubtful whether, in auy event, they will ever again command the high sums which were obtained for them before the outbreak against tho system of government which had given such ample security to what js termed slave property, mid under which it bad obtained sttcli extraordinary value. The virtual monopoly that the South here tofore possessed of the production of cotton will be terribly shaken, if not entirely de stroyed ; and, after the present war termi nates, if they do not speedily dethrone tlicir petty tyrants, and return to their allegiance, they will find in the field numerous competi tors well instructed in tho art of cotton-grow ing, which will always have tho preference in the English and American markets, on account of the unreasonable and domineering conduct of oitr cotton lords. The great bulwark of American slavery for years past has been the large profits realized from the cultivation of cotton; and if this strong motive for its perpetuation and extension should be destroyed, there would be few ra tional men willing to subscribe to the ultra pro slavery creed, which is avowedly the basis ami corner-stone of the so-called Southern Confe deracy. Vaulting ambition often o’erleaps it self ; and it will not be at all surprising if, in the present, contest, those pro-slavery politi cians who inaugurated it, with the apparent design of giving boundless power and influ ence to an ultra pro-slavery interest, should, if the war proved a protracted one, find that their cherished institution ha? received, through their own immediate instrumentality, more se vere blows than avowed Abolitionists could have inflicted upon it in a century. Among the recent developments in England on the cotton-supply question, it is worthy of notice that the shipment of the first cotton, from .Nicaragua, some thirty bales, is an nounced, and that the Nicaraguan ambassador in London has offered a liberal grant of land in that country to all settlers who wish to go there for the purpose of growing cotton. The London Times also publishes an account of an interview between the Viceroy of Egypt and. the Secretary of the English Cotton-Supply Association; the gist of which is that there are no insurmountable obstacles to an im mense increase of the product in that country, and if British capitalists evinced a willingness to make a slight advonoo upon growing crops, at reasonable rates of interest, much may he done to increase the supply. The secretary ex presses the opinion that “ there is scarcely any limit to its resources,” and he thinks it not im probable that the production of cotton in Egypt can soon be increased even tenfold. From Jamaica, too, intelligence has been received of an earnest desire among the planters to embark extensively in the growth of cotton, and the opinion is freely expressed that bjr the stimulating aid of British capital, the.tr product will be largely increased. Meanwhile, in India, railroads which will be enabled to render the immense product that country has always produced available, by fur nishing cheap transportation from the interior to the seaports, are rapidly being pushed for ward to completion. In an enterprising age like this, it cannot be possible that so profita ble a business as that of furnishing manufac turers witli their necessary supplies of c-ottou will long go begging. Hosts of competitors will rise up to pursue the avocation which the cotton planters of our country seem to he fool ishly ready to sacrifice. Instead of having tiie whole world at their feet as they expected, on treating them for term?, they will find its active energies devoted to Jthe development of new sources of supply, and of substitutes for the goods heretofore produced from their staple. If the authority of onr Government is not speedily re-established over the whole country, the history of the rebellion of 18(51, so far as the cotton interests are concerned, may be briefly expressed in the epitaph of the buried Italian: “I was well, I wished to he better, and here I am.” Let the Peace Advocates Preach to the Traitors. The so-called advocates of “peace’’ in the North have entirely mistakon the section of Country in which they should dissemi nate peace doctrines. If there is a fault in the Northern character, at all, it is that it loves peace not too little but too well, and is disposed to concede and yield even to tho verge Of dishonor rather than to resort to the last re fuge of an injured and insulted nation, an ap peal to arms. But there never was a country plunged into war with so little to justify hos tilities, with such an utter absence of real grie vances, and with such wicked, horrible, and destructive results staring it in the face, as the Secession district of the South ; there was never a people nor a country to which peace doctrines could ba more appropriately, properly, forcibly, and justly addressed, than the men who have sustained the insurgents. By persisting in their mad rebellion against the Republic they have nothing to gain and every thing to lose. They aro under the control of leaders who liavo tarnished a cause, unholy and infamous in itself, by innumerable deeds of baseness and wickedness. They are seek ing to destroy forover the cause of free go vernment, and to ruin their own happiness and prosperity, even while they whelm in destrae. tion the best interests tf their fellow-country men and of the lovers of freedom throughout the world. Let the preachers of peace seek to enlighten the wicked and misguided supporters of"the rebellion, and incline their hearts, if they can, to a discontinuance of their present traitorous movements. But, on the other hand, there never was a people with whom wav for the life of a nation, for the cause of free government, for the welfare of thirty millions of living inhabitants, and of unnumbered genera tions yet unborn, was more of a holy necessity titan the war ill which the loyal citizens of Hum land are now engaged, and those who seek to palsy their aim, raised in righteous self-de fence, in the hope that they .may thus render aid and comfort to the moSt infamous con spiracy that was ever commenced, are not only traitors to their country but enemies of man kind. Messrs. Philip Fonn A Co.’s Removal.—lt is gratifying in these times of general depression in almost overy department of business to notice any anbtantial signs of revival. The removal card of Messrs- Philip Ford & Co., auctioneers and com mission merchants, which will be found in another *>art of our paper to-day, affords one among other -sent indications of a favorable turn in the busi tidc. Their new warehouse, at Nos. 525 and 522 Commerce streets, is one of the *f,us and eligible OD that Splendid business I we congratulate them upon the Slice fss endered their removal to more ample •is time necessary. The Revival of Business. i IVc recently referred to the numerous in -1 dications of the revival of business which are becoming perceptible, and the developments ■ of each day tend to strengthen the correctness iof ibe opinions we then expressed. With the ; agricultural inU-rrsU of our country in a pros perous condition, am! with many branches of : lnanufuoUiiVN flourishing, 1 lie blUfiUCNfi Of tllC ’ merchants, who are the ugcuts for the distri bution and exchange of the products of our ; own mul other countries, must revive. Tiie : readiness with which subscriptions are being , made to the national loan indicate clearly that, no matter how severe may he our present trials, the national credit will he preserved un tarnished, and, while this is secure, the treasu ry notes and bonds issued by the Government will, by increasing the available circulating ’ medium, stiir.u’n!-.- business activity. If. may be that a debt will be contracted which the present generation will be un.-dde to liquidate, and which will he entailed ns a bur den upon posterity. But this, considering the objects of the present contest, will not be un just to future generations, because we are battling now not only for ourselves but for those who are to come after us; and if "we suc ceed in crushing the infamous conspiracy against free institutions, they can well atl'ord to pay a slight financial tribute for the politi cal blessings wo are striving to transmit unim paired to tlrom. Our own devolution left as a legacy to the American people a debt of some seventy-five millions of dollars, which, con sidering the population of our country at that time, and the inferiority of its resources and wealth, was probably quite as burdensome to our ancestors as a debt of fifteen hundred millions of dollars would he to our posterity. Yet it was all honorably discharged, and caused no very serious inconvenience to the nation. Onr Generals. Many journals are much more apt to criti cise and to cnndonm movements connected witil our army, which seem to fault -finders to be un wise and imprudent, than to praise arrange ments manifestly judicious, and worthy of tho public confidence. The disastrous experience of Manassas has doubtless demonstrated tho necessity of many important refonns, hut it is evident that they are being made us rapidly and completely as possible; and we desire particularly to call attention to the character of the men entrusted with our principal com mands. The control of tlie. army at "Washing ton, and of the districts connected with that great central point of the operations of the war, has been confided to General MeCbEL lav, and the unanimous verdict of our loyal citizens is, that it could not have been given to a better man. Fortress Monroe is in charge of that war-worn and vigorous veteran, Gene ral Wool. At Baltimore General I)ix is in command. Opposite Harper’s Ferry General Banks directs operations, and, although a civilian, no man in our country who had not gained extensive experience in the field has evinced greater talent for military or ganization, and for the proper management of important military movements. In Western Virginia that gallant and accomplished officer, General UoancitANZ, directs our army. In Kentucky, General Roueht Andkksos, who won (ho applause of the whole nation by the faithful discharge of his duty at Fort Moultrie ami Fort Sumpter, is in chief command ; and in Missouri General Fhewoxt, with the assist ance of General RißfiEJ,, and other accom plished officers, directs the movements of our armies. Surely it, would he difficult for any one to devise a plan by which, witli the availa ble talent at the disposal of the Government, the honor and safety of the nation could lio entrusted, at these important points, to more sagacious generals, and the more our readers reflect upon the character and antecedents of the men wo have named, the better will they be satisfied of tiie wisdom of their selec tion for tllC positions they now occupy. Public Amusements. Mrs. John Drew opens Aroh-stroct Theatre this evening, with “Tho School for Scandal” and the comedietta of “Aunt Charlotte’s Maid.” "Wo refer ear renders to the cost of the comedy, which flfibrils abundant promise of a fine performance. Mrs. Drew and Mr. Gilbert, as Lady Teazle and Sir Peter, will b# a treat, indeed. The house will doubtless be filled, because the public will desire to See what great changes Mrs. Brew has made in the theatre in the briefest time. The eo-t of gcutng bow -acenvry, rurmturo, properties, wardrobe, of providing new and convenient seats, and of orna menting and of cleaning the place all through, (it was It-, in a dreadfully neglected and dirty state,) has boon about $7,000. The shareholders hare behaved with great and wise liberality towards their new lessee. The Arch-street Theatro, as it is now, resembles one of tbs gums of Parisian playhouses rather than any thing we hare vet had in this country. Every thing is neat, convenient, and handsome. Mr. Ilayss, the scenic painter, has produced a beautiful drop scone, which harmonizes charmingly with the light and graceful decorations of the auditorium. McDonough's Oltki-ic Tiisatbe, — Last night Sheridan’s play of “The Sehool for Scandal” was produced, costumed in tho period of the action of tho ploy, and with a cast of characters, (with a few exceptions,) highly creditable (o the management and performers. Miss Lonsdale, as Lady Teazle , played tlXGellently W»U, while Messrs. Pearson, Chippendale, Boniface, and Darcie, enaclod their different roles with a correctness worthy of praise. ITo must not forget Mrs. Place as Mrs. Candour. This lady never plays a character badly. As Mrs. Candour she exhibited her usual good taste and judgment. To-night “The Sehool for Reform” and “ The Dream at Sea ” will he played. In tho former Mr. Harry Pearson performs Ru/icrt Tyke, Miss Lonsdale plays in the last piece. Great sufi-eking prevails among the South ern people on account of the worthless shin plastors W?4?h are being scattered over the South, as plentiful as the loaves of Vallam brosa, by the Southern financiers; and oven the Richmond Enquirer denounces the paper currency as an enemy of Secession more to bo feared than all the battalions of LiNCOtfi’s army. A Stirring Appeal. The following eloquent appeal, written by a ta • tented and patriotic lady of this city, of high social i position, recently appeared ifi the columns Of a CO. | temporary, but, as it dwarves on extensive circula ■ tion, we republish it: TUB lIHBS. i At this appalling moment ef the country, when i the Government of the United States is in such im minent danger from a rebellion, hitherto earned on so vigorously and successfully, a voice would be : board amid the somparativa supineness of the North, begging all true patriots, all true men, to : arise to the rescue of cur land. Let us not ehoat oarseivts into quiet, and believe all is going on wall. Thar# e*a never be quiet, HCVv inquiring and suspicious men, and tlms those who demand vigor and energy, who insist upon blows instead of words, may by tlicir honest criticisms retard what they believe they arc hurrying forward. I went the other day to a Cabinet Minister to suggest to liim the propriety of a more public response to the public temper in regard to tiie war, and I was surprised to find how fully lie understood all bis own duties, and yet liow difficult it was to discharge them, and at the same time to gratify those who could not know, and indeed ought, not know, the undercurrent of interests and principles which entered into the dis position of his momentous responsibilities. Whore all men are thinking, talking, and writing about the national exigency, it is certain that the President and his Cabinet are not idle, and that remedies that seem to be right and inevitable to others are carefully and duly weighed by them. The magnitude of the duties devolved upon one public servants, and the Cliorilioilfl 1111(1 in calculable issues involved in the whole contro versy, have bad no parallel in human history. As to the abolition of slavery, the mere men tion of which lately startled conservative men, what is it but a consequence of events, pro duced and precipitated by tiie slaveholders themselves ? As I have said before, tho Abo-, litionists are the Confederate lenders. Jeffer son Haris has, unconsciously, taken the place of Wendell Phillips, and the rule of emanci pationist, instead of being filled by Garrison and Gerrit Smith, is now played by Toombs, and Slidell, and Howell Cobb. "Wliat empty rhap sody it is for these men to be talking of the blessings of shivery, when they are converting it into a curse upon their fellow-creatures! You will perceive thatex-Govcrnor Stewart, of Missouri, makes this point with terrible effect upon the conspirators. The General Govern ment has only to refer the slaveholders to tlicir own slaves in order to solve this great pro blem. Next in the programme before us is that view of it illustrated by the word subjugation. Why should we be frightened by this word ? The subjugation of the South will be aceom. plislicd by the South. It is unnecessary for US to write subjugation on our military ban ners. We complain because we have sustuinad a few military reverses, but if we wait until the blockade is complete, until the slave States are hermetically (sealed to foreign com merce, we shall achieve a victory more over whelming than any that could be won by mul titudinous armies. Subjugation will un doubtedly ensue, unless it is preceded by surrender. See how destiny is working for us—permeating the frame of Southern soci ety i circulating, like a subtle poison, through all its veins j undermining Us entire fabric, aud silently preparing it for an inevi table, speedy, and sudden catastrophe. Can that people exist that liavo no money to conduct the ordinary operations of internal trade, no clothing for their troops, few medi cines for tlicir sick, and no harmony among their loaders? We complain in the loyal States of the distress of onr mechanics anil tho bankruptcy of our mcrciiants ; but if we turn our faces to the South, where they have no mechanics and no merchants that are not pil laged to sustain a conscienceless rebellion, atld then see how onr industry prospers through the liberality of a Government that feeds tho very people that are helping to light its battles, we liaye abundant cause, for gratitude. No blockade shuts us out from the trade of the world. Our ships are carried to foreign ports and returned upon us with safety, and tiie very privateers that prey upon our commerce are becoming allurements to an immense mer cantile marine that will presently sweep them from t.he, face of the deep. The question of peace lies so far beyond as to have become another name for treason in both sections. The Richmond Enquirer is so conscious of the infamy of tho Secession con spiracy as to denounce peace when prcacliod in the .South as a mere preparation for punish ment, and to demand that Us leaders shall fight the battle to tho bitter end. Peace to the loyal Statesattliis time would be tobringto Washing ton the traitor chiefs, so inflated with their own consequence, so arrogant in the belief of their own coinage, that the North and Northwest might as readily put themselves in chains and be carried along the path of the future willing captives at their triumphant chariot-wheels. It may not he the most agreeable thing to say to impulsive politicians, hut is it not true that now more than ever lime is the greatest of all the auxiliaries of the American ennsi ? We are passing out of the summer so much feared by our lamenting Jeremiahs. Our groat ar mies are healthy and well-disciplined, our finances wholesome and prosperous. We are prepared for the winter. Thorc may be dis tress in the great cities, but tho fostering arm of the Federal Government will give food and raiment, to many thousands, and the horrors of civil war be alleviated even to households de solated by tho lose of their dearest, and best, by the generosity of thoso who find their true interest in sustaining the Government and in preventing popular tumults. But how must the winter fall upon the South ? Tho Southern leaders are oven now terrified at the prospect Of being unable' to clothe their .troops. What will it bo when, shut out from all communication with the loyal States aud foreign nations, they con proeuro nothing to mitigate their sufferings ? But above all these considerations rises tho one cheering fact that ouru is a battle for Liberty, ‘Weave fighting not alone for our own existence, but for the existence of human liberty everywhere. Every good augury cheers us on. The despots of the Old World, lately cloaking their hostility under commercial rea sons, help us unconsciously, . by tlu'O wing otr this thin disguise, and by declaring that tho overthrow of this Government will be victory of every kind of slavery. The Battle of Ma nassas has fired them with the hope that the America!) Union is gone forever. They for get, in the exultations over what they have hailed as our defeat, that they are contributing new elements to strengthen us for future con flicts, and supplying new materials to the revo lutionary tempest that is gathering round themselves. Occasional. Fair and Strict Justice—No 2. [For The Frees.] It appears that more faithless officers have sent their resignations to the War and Navy Depart ment*. We are well rid of them. But every de serter who was educated at West Point or at the Naval Academy, ought to bo arrested for debt for the amount ho has cost the oountry in his education, as it is clear that non-porformance of the conditions upon which the expense was lavished on him ren ders him a debtor for the amount. The money wag paid to or for him upon those conditions—the first of which is that ho shall serve tho country. If docs not, he breaks tho condition, violates the con tract, violates the oath he took, perjures himself, has obtained money or money’s worth on fraudu lent pretences, and is bound in honor and in law to refund the money. If there be any arrears of pay appearing to bo due to him, it ought to be retained in nßrt of what he thus owes. If any stock or real estate, standing in his Dame or owned by him, cun be found, it ought to be seizod and applied to his debt. Every debtor to tho United States is liable to ar rest, and no act of limitations can be pleaded against them. Every eadet at West Point costs about one thousand dollars a year; the term being five years, caeh of the renegades owes the country about five thousand dollars, without counting the interest accrued, which ought to be added. Many of them have property, which is accessible. The writer has not at hand statements of the expenses of the school at Annapolis, but every deserter who received instruction there ought in like maimer bo made to refund. C THE PJEtESS— PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY. AUGUST 31, 1351. [From onr Special CorroßponHent.] Washington, August 30,1831 The rain wns fnlllpg spray-like over the oftioknd Mid muddy streota of Qoorgotown, as tre drorro down the steep and roughly-payed declivity which led to the ferry. It was one of those peculiarly tm pleasant, because peculiarly uncertain, days. Tho weather seemed to bo in a state of deliberation—in doubt aa to (ho necessity of mining, In doubt IVS tO tiro propriety of clearing up, and compromising the doubt by a quiet, murmuring, and almost imper ccptiblo shower, which gavo everything a dripping nppenrnnce, and everybody a damp sonsation. The day' was hardly warm, and yet hardly cold, but Warm enough to disavow heavy clothes, and cold enough to keep the lappels closely buttoned. The clouds wero neither black nor blue, neither aomhro nor azure, neither gay ner gloomy, hut of a tanta lizing texture, aud so curiously contrived that wo gave them up hopelessly, and utmost wished that there wn« no sky at all. Tho people seemed uncer tain ns to whether they should stay at homo or go abroad ; u bother they should raise their umbrellas, or tnko tho shower for what it is worth, just ns poo plo ever are who are sensitive on the umbrella question, Tho only thing definite was the mud. There wns no doubt or uncertainty about eitlior its quantity or consistency, for it traced itself in broad and deep ridges, splashing under the horse’s heels, and splattering everything around it, like orthodox mud that it was. Tho Georgetown ferry is a peculiar ooutrivanco. Abroad open flat-boat, capable of transporting large bodies of troops, teams, artillery, and transporta tion wagons, it is propelled from shore to shore by a ropo, which is secured at either bank. Tho liver at this place is shallow and narrow, and tho process of crossing is one of tho most tedious which can well be imagined, but still its very tedious ness commends it to Washington ; for this you may as well know now as hereafter, that the only method popular in this vieiniLy is that which perforins tho simplest duly ill the largest space of lime. A squad of private soldiers and orderly sergeants just returning from tho post, office were oh board, and an inscrutable sentinel guarded the entrance on one shoro and tho exit at tho other. A short dis tance above is the Washington aqueduct bridge, the acqueduct itself being an ingenious mechanical work, which is built into tho hill many feet above the level of the rivor. A broad and tunnel opened into tho road to Arlington Heights, a road which, for some hundred yards, is about the most miserable that tho ingenuity of man could contrive. Whether it was tho rain or tho heavy trains constantly passing, or tho neglect of the sol diers, Of whatever the cause may hare been, that especial road, which took US to tho top Of thu hill, seems to have been constructed as an ordeal to try the virtues of horses and the patience of men ; and if this was the purpose intended by the builder, it is really a most successful work of art. The top of the bill coimnattded ft wither piatu> resque and military prospect. H had boon selected as a military post, and immediately on its brow a blockhouse capable of containing a hundred rifle men was erected. This blockhouse resembled a largo birdhouse, suoh. us we often see placed on pvlvn in tho centre of a garden, for it was built on tho same plan, and on piles which supported it at an altitude of sevoral foot from tho ground. Holes had been cut in the logs at different points, and so strong was (ho conceit that I almost expected to see the birds twittering on the bush, or chirping and careering through the air. The holes were for the convenience of the marksmen. ThobuiUling was in tended as an outpost to the fort beyond, and its oc cupants would be expectod to harass tho flunk of any advancing column by picking off the officers and men. Tho fort beyond is quite largo and massive, and is known as Fort McQundC< It is almost on a line with tho blockhouse, and is built of heavy yogfl. Tho road over which wo passed was cut through tho hill, and it served the purpose of a trench to tho fort, which is built immediately on the edge, and has its foundations about twenty feet above tho pike. Several pieces of artillery were mounted, commanding thu country for -tws miles around. The country was but reoontly densely wooded, but the axe of the soldier had felled the trees for the purpose of preventing tho secret advance of an enemy, and enabling tho guns to obtain'a range. The fallen trees, with their branches yellow and sore and withered, presented a strange sad sight, resembling so. many hills of saffron ; for this war is a sad destroyer of your natural beauties, and the glory of a hundred bills and the growth of a hundred years only serve at last to socuro the range of a cannon-ball. The mud from tho fort was narrow, and covered willi reddish gravel stones, which the recent rains had washed away, rendering the path difficult of travel. Presently it took a winding oourse, and we found ourselves on tho celebrated Heights of Arlington. But the glory of Arlington hns de parted. The associations of peace have given place to the associations of war, and , this sccns of so much luxury and happiness, taste, and hospitality, and that ostentatious pomp so cliarat?- teristic and still so becoming to Virginia, is nothing more than a bare and busy camping;ground, co vered with tents and wagons and camp-fires. Sol diers were bustling through the trees, smoking, timing, and gambolling under the Same spreading branches, now heavy with summer’s rain, whoro, in Other and peaceful days, many fair sons and daugh ters of the Old Dominion had walked and talked, looking out upon tho beautiful city, and exchanging soft vows of lovo, which were whisperod and lost in tho sighing of tho trees and tho rippling of the waters. Heavy baggage wagons buried deep ruts in tho neatly-gravelled pathway, where "Washing ton himself may have walked. And over against tho aristocratic and stately pillars that lead to the great hull a democratic rope was tied, aud guarded by a stern soldier, who shouldered a dripping musket, as he lazily sauntered among the trees. VYe passed botween the stutoiy pillars and into the great hall, only to find that tho war. which so strangely changed tho hill and grove, had been ns ruthless with the walls and ornaments of the man sion. Ovor all thesowas an air of barrenness. The floors were bare and cold, and on the walls hung two pictures of tho olden style of art, represent ing. or purporting to represent, certain scones in the Revolution. In tho main pnrlor, n number of sccrctnrios were writing; soldiers were dancing attendance on the commander; and aides and officers were constantly passing and repassing on errands of military duty. Goncral Keyes is in command at Arlington, and ha gaTe our party a cordial wolcome during Ilia very few moments wo could remain. Tho General is of Massachusetts, and is a young man, with a pleasant face, and a calm, almost expressionless eye, which was full of coolness and daring. 110 is enthusiastic in tho cause, end labors unceasingly ty place his com mand in a Btuto of efficiency. Our road from Arlington wa* through a very pretty country—on tho ridgy side of the Potomao, with tho river away beneath us and the oity away beyond. The rain was still falling, and while the view was no less romantic, still it was deadened and blurred by the shower. Presently wo passed through another distiiot of demolished timber and saffron hills, and came to thu encampment of the Massachusetts Fourteenth, immediately below Fort Albany. The encampment was situated very prettily on the crest of ft hill which commanded a view ef the oity and the country around it. The osmp was in a state of great bustle and excitement, partly from tho presence of the Secretary of War, who was tumultuously cheered as he passed along; and partly in consequence of the recent elarms which had been heard along the line of our out, posts, and which only served to inspire the men with more confidence and enthusiasm. Fort Albany iq built upon an artificial table land, wliioh was thrown up immediately agains t the sum mit of a hill overlooking ft pretty valley on the Potomae shore; a valley whioh the spirit of war seems to have passed over, for everything WM M beautiful and romantio as in the most peaceful summer days. Tho fort occupies an Important po sition, for it commands the main road to Centre ville, the oapital, and the lines of communication between Alexandria and the lower Potomao shores. A civilian’s idea of a fort is a massive stone-work, with embrasures, towers, a portcullis and pnrapets, but this is not Fort Albany—nothing more than an extended embankment densely codded, with deep tronches all around, platforms for the artillery, magazines in the appropriate place, a few wooden buildings, and a flag floating from a high pole. The workmen were completing a bomb-proof, and Col. Green thought he had tho post in its most thorough ly available condition for defence. The guns were in their position, and, during our visit, the soldiers were engaged in an artillery drill. Artisans were completing the interior arrangements, and around tho trenches a numbor of negroes were busy in deepening and widening them, so as to render it impossible for the enemy to attempt an escalade. It was our intention to have gone to Alexandria . but the afternoon had stolen so hurriedly away, and the reads were so diqieult to travel, that we abandoned the idea and skirted home. I have no more idea of how we reached the Long Bridge than I have of the geography iof the Promised Land. Tho Toad was a new one, whioh had been cut through a forest of cedars and pines, and soomod to be a constant succession, of semicircles. Thu forest had been completely felled; the trees burned, and tho stumps permitted to remain at a height of one or two foot, to impedo tho advance of cavalry or artillery. There could be no more thorough picture of desolation than the site of that same forest. The earth was covered with pieces of charred timber, the stumps wore uneven, jagged, and in somo oases mere crumbling cinders; no sign of Hfo beyond an occasional sentinel in hi* heavy cloak; no sign of beauty but the dimiy-distan; hills beyond. In the centre of this bleak and dreary, district, where tho curse of the ancient prophet seems to hove fallen in all its fearful reality, the plan of another fort had boon laid out, and the negro laborers wore busily engaged in ex cavating trenches, while the engine ors wore mark ing out the details. Thus far, there is nothing but heaps of sand and mathematical instruments, but in a few days it will doubtless be completed, and be one of the largest and best-appointed of our fortifications. Many things were seen, but they nre not to bo said ; for the enemy would receive information as giggly from your loyal correspondent as from some Of the ladles Of Washington. TherifAre. good, bye. J. B. T- ACROSS THE POTOMAC. LATEST NEWS BY TELEGRAPH. FROM WASHINGTON. PICKET SKIRMISHING. SIXTEEN REBELS KILLED. THE EAST INDIA SQUADRON ORDERED HOME. THE NATIONAL LOAN. SECRETARY CHASE TO ISSUE AN ATWftßsa. TIIE EXAMINING BOARD. THE BATTLE NEAR SUMMERSVILLE. SEMI-OFFICIAL REPORT OF OUR LOSS. IMPORTANT FROM CAIRO. A REBEL FLAG OF TRUCE. ENEMY FALLING BACK UPON NEW MADRID. FROM MISSOURI. THE TOWN OF I’ALMYRA OCCUPIED. ANOTHER TRAIN FIRED INTO $lOO,OOO SEIZED BY THE SECESSIONISTS. Special Despatches to “The Press.” Washington, August 30, 1801, The Female Prisoners. The War Department has proofs strong anil suf ficient against the women recently arrested, to plaeo the fact of their complicity with and aid to Scoos sionism beyond all doubt. The National Loan. The Socrntary of tho Treasury contemplates is suing an address to the public in behalf of tho national loan. The Picket .Skirmishes—Sixteen Rebels Killed. An army officer stationed on tho Virginia side of the Potomao reports tlmt whilo wo hftTO lost Several soldiers this week in the picket skirmishing, at ioast sixteen of the enemy were certainly killed. The Disloyal Treasury Clerks. Of tho alleged disloyal employees in tho Treasury Department, it is ascertained that twenty ceased te bo clorks before Mr. Pottkb’s committee com menced its investigations, And that about the same number are endorsed by their respective friends as being truo to the Government. Thoro is no account of the remainder of those reported by tho com mittee. The East India Squadron. Official despatches from tho Fast Indies state that tlic flag-officer had received the orders of tho Navy Department for the immediate return of the squadron to the United States. One ship will, however, bo left there, and also on the coast of Africa and of Brasil, after these squadrons shall have been withdrawn for blockading purposes. Asylum for Recaptured Africans. The Governor of Fo rnando Po has been author ised by the Spanish Government to receive in that island a certain number of slaves, who may be cap tured by vessels ef the United States. That boing free, they may there acquire tho benefits of civiliza tion. Flag-officor Inman has communicated this pro position to our Government. It appears by the same correspondence from the African squadron, that the Secessionists have been sending circulars to naval officers of Southern birth, holding out inducements to leave the United States service, and join that of the Confederates, with equal rank. First Lieutenant of Marines Tatxal received one of these documents. The Cabinet, Tho Cabinet met to-day at 12 o’clock. Mr. Sfi- WAitn has not yet returned from the North. A “ Peace Man” Gone Over to the Enemy. Enoch Lovis Lown, ex-Governor of Maryland, was a strong peace man in his own State, by pro fession, but was morn than suspected Of being in sympathy with tho rebels, though afraid openly to Show it. About four weeks ago he went over into Virginia, and is now in Richmond, engaged in raising a Virginia brigodo. Many of thoso who ory “Poaco, pence,” are of tho samo type. Removal of a Military Depot. The military Sopot established at Frederick, Md., has been removed, that point bcooming too far in tho rear for the convenience of tho advancing army. A portion of the military stores have been gent on to G en. Banks' column, and the residue have boon forwarded to Baltimore. The sick, also, have been removed te the new hospital (National Hotel) in Baltimore, The Secretary of the Senate. . Tho Secretary of the Senate, Col. FonsET, who was among the first officers undor the Government to administer tho oath of allegiance to his subordi nates when Clerk of the House of Representatives, will to.morrow administer the oath, according te the late act of Congress, to the officers of the Senate under his control. No More Horses. The Wur Department has given orders for horses to parties in Kentucky, Virginia, Missouri, Alary land, and Delaware. As an immense supply is ex pected, no further authority to purchaso will be given. Review of the Brooklyn Phalanx. The President to-day reviewed tho Brooklyn Phalanx from the portico of tho Fxocutivo Mansion. Tho Government employees havo received one sixth of their present month’s salary in treasury notes, and the remainder in spocic. Private parties hero are exhibiting to prominent officials, and offering to supply the army with the Prussian needle.'guns. No More I.agcr Wanted. A dealer in Philadelphia lager drove out to Bludcnsburg yesterday, carrying a wagon load of tho “contraband,” which he offered for sale. The soldiers stovo in the heads of his casks, and emptied their contents upon tho field. Ho roturned to tho City fvffly persuaded that ho had brought his goods to a pad market.” The Missing Paymaster’s Clerk Returns. John B. Upton, paymaster’s clerk in tho Pensa colai returned yesterday from New York. He had rcooircd thvoo months’ advanoo pay and a furlough of threo days. Ho was gono over two wooks. Tho department reported him absconded tho day before he returned. Ho will not bo reinstated, nor ad mitted buck into tho navy in any capacity. The Proposed State of Kanawha. Union men from Virginia and Maryland, with whom I have conversed, aro decidedly opposed to breaking up tho geographical boundaries of tho Old Dominion. Its legality is not clear, and even if they hod this justification, the loyal people of Western Virginia can afford to wait awhile, trusting to the General Government, and relying upon our mili tary generals under it to re-establish their rights and secure them in the enjoyment of sli their pri vileges Pay Pay, The employees in the Departments are being paid off to-day and to-morrow. Mew treasury notes, of the lesser denominations, are quite iu demaud among the olerks. “ Mail Failed.” Twice this week has the morning mail from the North failed to conneot, and the Departmenta and our citizens generally hare been deprived of their letters until late in the o Yelling. Col. G. H. Crossman. A good deal of surprise is manifested in high quarters because Colonel G. H.,Cross3iar, recently detailed to the Assistant Quartermaster General’s department in Philadelphia, has nob been installed ip his offioe. pTe believe he was installed in office yesterday.—Ed. Press.] A False Rumor. There waa a flying rumor going around the streets that Seioel has been out off in Missouri. The rumor could not be traced to any reliable'souroe, and la, of course, untrue. Important Land Decision. The decision embodied in the subjoined circular will be recognized as important: General Lard Office, Aug. 27,1861. Gentlemen : In a recent decision o£ the Secre tary of the Interior, it is held — First, That in order to givo proper legal force and effect to assignments of land warrants, all such assignments at the time of the execution thereof to b« valid should bo filed, with tho names of tho as signees. The effect of this decision, which is pre scribed as a regulation to govern in the execution of all assignments hereafter, will be to prevent frauds consequent upon the loss of warrants as signed in blank, or incident to placing them in that condition in the hands of untrustworthy agents. Second. Tinder this ruling no assignments in blank will horoaftor bo certified by this office, or recognized as valid, either at this or tho local land office. , Third. This decision, however,- will not affect the post transactions under the old practice, where such assignments as had been made in blank are duly filled up, with the name of the real owner as assignee, before they reach this as the local office, provided they are found regu larly attested, ocknowledgcd, and certified, and are unimpeachcd on the files of the depart ment. AH uncontested complete assignments of this class, found regular in all respects, will conse quently he respected as heretofore, both at this and 8 t the local Land Office, and will be duly satisfied by location and patent. Respectfully, Ac., J. M. IiDKONDS. Oommissiouw. Henry S. Magraw, E*ii, Late information from the prisoners in Richmond brings Llio gratifying intelligence dint Mr. Maahaw and his friends arc in good health and spirits It is expected that Mr. Maqhaay will be returned to his family and friends in a short tirno. Printing Office iu Wilmington, Delaware, Destroyed Private letters received in Washington report tho destruction of Ibe Gazette printing office in WU mingfon, Delaware, by tho First RagtmOttL ThC paper had becomo violent in its denunciation of the Government, and abusive in its language towards the officers and men ©f that regiment. Editor Arrested. Danirl Dkohkrt, editor of the Hagerstown Mail, was arrested and brought to Washington by Colonel Lamon. The Mail is a violent Secession print. Navy Yard The thifferwrUer was bought n few days ago in New York, and was put into the Potomac flotilla, where, after two or three days 1 service, she was found to bo falling to pieces, and was sent up for ropairi. She was formerly called the Cleopatra, and ran botwoon New York and Hartford. Worn out, she was cut down, and used as a tugboat in Now York harbor, until she wa* bought up for Go vernment purposes. The Jacob Belly brought on at the sarno time, is reported to ho in a broken-down condition, and must undorgo repairs before she is fit for service. Naval Appointments. The following have been appointed acting volun teer lieutenants and masters in the nary, having passed the requisite examination before tho board appointed by the Secretary of the Nary: Acting. Volunteer Lieutenants. —J. B. Baxter, Charles F. W. Behm, George W. Brown, David Cate, 11. S. Eytinge, J. W. Kittredge, 11. F. Moore, J. F. Nichols, G. A. Trundy, and James Wathors. Acting Masters. —Henry Brown, John Baker, W. Buckholdt, Spiro V. Bcnnis, John Caleb, Henry F. Coffin, U. A. Clark, B. C. Dean, Z. S. Doane, JobnW. Dixj W. J. Foster, Jefferson Ford, John R. Goodmanson, W. F. Gillespie, Pierre Giraud, J. A. Hall, John F. Harden, W. Hamilton, A. E. Hunter, W. P. Jones, W. C. Hunt, G. D. Lester, A. B. Mulford, D. Maxwell, William G. Nutting, Janies Ogilvie, William F. Pratt, J. A. Pennell, Nelson Provost, James If. Rogers, Charles Smith, Charles Cr Cissprij E. Van Tice, John C. Whit tlesey. Arrivals from Pennsylvania. Willards'. —B. F. Thraokenhall, John S. Den nis, R. Paul Smith, John Brotherline, J. Newton Dickson, C. Betzhoovcr, C. D. Robbins, Wm. F. Smith, Wm. 11. Irwin, Capt, (I, H, Bardvrcll, J, X, Nutton. Kirkwood's. —Henry Dunlap, F. A. Kennedy, W. K. Hart, David M. Smith, D. Ahl, J. R. Alex ander, John Ferguson, Wm. S. Collier, Lt. A. P. McKee, I. H. 0. Derringer, 5. W. Smith, Quarter master J. W. Bigler, Chas C. Townsend, Geo. W. Dean, J. Chalfaut, Geo. B. Eckert, M. Ilall Stan ton. Brovin's. —M. Andrews, S. S. Stevenson. National '.—Mrs. Jaoom M. Barr and two chil dren, Jaa-S. Mcrrimau. The iStar, of IhU evening, contains the following items: A RECONNOISSANGE. Professor Lowe's mammoth balloon was inflated yesterday, and curried through our streets and those of Georgetown. Although tho car waa near the ground, the monster loomed up above tho tallest houses. It was carried across the Alexan dria aqueduct, and in the afternoon was seen riding majestically, high aboyo tho Virginia hills, in the vicinity of Fort Corcoran. Many of our citizens were out to take a peep at it; and many wise re marks were hazarded about tho probability of tho Confederates sending a rifled shot through it, and letting the observers down, etc. The reconnoi tring will now be done by a military officer, who can communicate with those below by a “paper express ; n that is, the message is weighed with a bullet, and run down the cord by being attached to a ring. AID APfD COMFORT, We understand that quite a number of deserters from the Federal army are daily crossing the Che sapeake bay into the counties of Dorchester, Talbot, and Queen Ann's, Md., and are making their way into Delaware to get on tho Maryland and Delaware Rail road, thereby to enable them to get to their homes. These men are aided by the rebels of St. Mary's, Charles, Calvert, and Anne Arundel counties, Md., who give them money, clothes, Ac., besides putting them over tho bay during the night in small boats. They are usually taken over in small parties of from four to twelve persons. In addition to this, there is a trade constantly carried on betweon the rebels by carrying contraband goods over the bay and Potomac river into Virginia, thereby giving t: aid and comfort” to the enemy. A good Union man, recently from Talbot county, reports that fifty men landed there in one day. A false mraron. Yesterday some indiscreet or badly-informed per son reported that in the skirmishes otct tha yiver, OLorlos N. Birch, of Captain Gary's Company of the Kentucky Cavalry Regiment, son of J. W. Birch, of this city, was killed. His father yesterday Went OT0? to obtain aad bring to the city the oorp3o of his son; but had the joyful surprise of finding his sou alive and well. Mr. Birch reports no one killed in that company, but two are missing—tho bugler and a private—supposed to he lost in the woods. TATIXG OFF. The Government has already commenced paying the hired men (teamsters, messengers, hostlers, watchmen, and othors,) in the quartermaster’s de partment-. Of these men there are more than a thousand about the Government stables, Ac., in the First ward. All arc being paid in gold. PROPOSED REMOVAL. It is reported that the Government will shortly remove their stock depot, including horse yards, mule yards, stables, Ac., from tbe First ward, iu this city, to the vicinity of Bladensburg. Of course, the stock wiU only remain thero long enough to be trained before being sent to this city or wherever they are needed for service. AFFAIRS OYER THE RIVER. A correspondent of the Star gives tho following: Near Hunter's Chapel, Yu., August 30— I write to give you some particulars as to the position of the Confederate force in this vicinity. From a bill near S. B, Corbett's bam, not far from hero, a good view of Munson's hill can bo obtained. Yes terday, to observers with good field glosses, great activity was noticeable there, a large force of in fantry and cavalry being visible, as if they were parading for our inspection. In the afternoon they had a drill, which, but for the damp, foggy weath er, would have be on an Interesting sight. As it was, their marching, counter-marching, Ac., could be distinctly seen. They are throwing up entrench ments on the slope of tlio hill—apparently all around it —and a largo force waa at work yesterday. Most of your readers are ho doubt familiar with the high, bold, open appearanco of the hill, crowned with a few straggling trees. A tall polo has been erected on the highest point, and on that pole a Secession flag is flying at least forty feet above the tops of the highest trees. The three stripes are plainly seen. A smaller flag Ist Visible to the left. No doubt these flags can be seen from tho dome of the Capitol, in Washington, with a good glass, a 3 Munson’s hill is distinctly visible with the naked eye from that point. It was on Tuesday, it will bo recolleotcd, tho Confederate* droTO our pickets from this very posi tion, and took six or seven prisoners. They moved all along tho line at the same time. When they reached Upton’s house, which our piokets had occu pied, they raised a shout of exultation, which was heard in our camps—hooting and yolling like Indians. Next day they commenced firing from a six-pounder, One Of thO balls fell very near the road, between Corbett’s and Hunter’s Chapel. TBE BBIRHISB ACROSS THE RIVER. Arlixuton, Ya., Aug. 29.—A statement from your special. correspondent, dated Arlington Heights, August 28th, in relation to tho skirmish near Ball’s Cross Hoads, is ineorreat in some par ticulars ; The detachment was sent out for picket duty, consisting of five companies—three from the Four teenth W. S. M. Regiment, and two from tho Twenty-third New York volunteers. The skirmish took place about one milo in advance of tho Cross Roads, just this side Of tho railroad, between the enemy and two oompanlcg of the Twenty-third New York, and a part of ono company of the Twelfth Now York, who had not been relieved. Tho attack was mode by about 500 rebels. For a few moments the fire was rapid on both sides. The companies, under the command of Captain Todd and Captain Dingleday, of tho Twenty-third New York Regiment, conducted themselves heroi cally ; returning the enemy’s fire, which evidently told upon thorn severely, and repulsed them ; and, after the robots had rotroated, foil bock to tho Cross Roads in good order j after which tho pickets wora again advanced to their original position, and thoro remained. Too much credit cannot bo given to tho officers and men, as each man behaved splendidly. Our loss was one man killed and two wounded, of Captain Dingloday’s company, from Elmira, N. Y. It is supposed tho rcbols lost about fifteen men. Tho detachment was tinder tho command of Lieut. Colonel Cram, (Twenty-third New York r ) and not myself, as reported by your correspondent. Please insert in tho Star, and oblige, Yours, H. C. Hoffman, Colonel Twenty-third N. Y. Volunteers. The Battle Netir SJiihiitierßviHe, ' ,fl - Cleveland, Aug. 30.— Governor Dennison has just received the following telegram from Brigadier General Cox: Gauley Bhidoe, Va., Aug. 29.—Authontic re ports show that fifteen wore killed, and about forty wounded, of the Seventh Ohio. A largo number firo soattcrcd or missing, howover, but WO hope most of them will return. Denth of the President of the Cincinnati City Council Cincinnati, Aug. 36.—Samuel B. Hirst, presi dent of the City Council, died this morning of con- FROM CAIRO. A FLAG OF XBVCE FROM THE REBELS. JEFF. THOMPSON AND HARDEE FALL ING RACK ON NEW MADRID. Cairo, August .SO.—A 8«g of truco from Now Madrid arrived at tho camp at Bird’s Point this afternoon, the object being to obtain an exchange of prisoner*. It is reported that tho robolß, under Jeff Thomp son and Hardee, are falling back on l New Madrid. from MISSOURI. $lOO,OOO SEIZED BY THE SECEBSIGNEFIS. Fa“*etts, Mo., Aug. 20.—Apprehensions being felt that tho branch of the State Bank at this-place would be robbed, thff cashier yesterday aent the specie, amounting to about $lOO,OOO, to the Allen depot, on tbo Northern Missouri Railroad, for transportation to St. Louis. On reaching Alien depot, the money waa seized by a party of Sece9- Blonists, bended by Ciipt. Poindexter, and carried l off. 'Whether it will be recovered or not is undotor mined, soma saying that Poindexter has been in duced to return it to tbo bank, while others assert that he will' attempt to cross the Missouri river, and carry it to Gen. Pride's army in tho southoast. Interesting from Louisville. Louisville, August 30.—Ex-President Pierce arrived horc to-day from the Northwest. The Frankfort (Ky) Ccnrt monwealth snys the Ooirnnissioncr.l from Governor Magoffin, recently returned from Washington, have delivered sealed packages to the Governor, and it is understood that the President expresses a willingness to await the action of the Kentucky Legislature, which has just been chosen from the people, and is disposed to accord with their wishes. Ex-minister Preston, in addressing an assemblage at a pic-nio at Lexington, Ky., favored neutrality and peace for Kentucky, but he did not believe she could preserve either, and if not, was of the opinion that the sooner she went with tho South the better. It is reported that Hobleitzer, formerly an ex* press agent, who was arrested at Elizabethtown yesterday, was taken on the cars towards Camp Boone 10-day, and jumped from them while in mo? tion and ran to the woods. Several shots were fired at him, but he escaped unharmed. Sidney Johnson was atMesilla, on the 3d instant, at the head of five hundred Texans, and in pursuit of Colonel Moore. Important from Missouri. Quinct, 111., Aug. 30.—Lioutcnant Pinkney, of the Sixteenth Illinois Regiment, arrived here, states that a body of rebels about 2,500 strong, under tho notorious Martin Green, took possession of Pulmyra yesterday morning, there being no United States troops there to dofend it, and no re sistance was mode. Five hundred of tho rebels wero in town, and the rest encamped outside. A train of cars, containing a considerable quan tity of muskets for tho troops at St. Joseph, which left Hannibal yesterday, was fired into near Pal myra and forced to return. Nobody hurt. Palmyra 13 tho county Beat of Marion county, and one hundred miles northeast of Jefferson city. No News from Fortress Monroe. Baltimore, Aug. *3O. —The steamboat front Old Point has arrived, but brings no news of interest. THE ARAGO OFF CAPE RACE. THE ETNA ARRIVED AT QUEENSTOWN. St. Johns, N. F., Aug. 26. —Tho steamship Arago, from Havre and Southampton, with dates to the 20th inst., passed Cape Race thi3 morning. The steamers Anglo-Saxon and City of Bat timore arrived out on the 19th inst. The steamer Etna, crippled by the breaking of her shaft, had arrived at Queenstown. Her pas sengers were transferred to tho Stoat&O? Glasgow, which was to leave for New York on the 22d inst. The Arago has 177 passengers. Ship News. —Arrived from Philadelphia, ship Ignatius, at Greenock. The steamer Arabia arrived at Liverpool on the 17th instant. ENGLAND. Prince Alfred was received at Liverpool with great enthusiasm. The King of Sweden had left England for home. The Great Eastern , it was expected, would take more troops to Canada. The ship Sussex had arrived with £27,000, and the Marco Polo with £26,000, in gold dust. The Application far discount at the Bank of England was moderato. Loans on the Stock Ex change were offered at 3i per cent Foreign ex change slightly higher. American securities were unaltered. FRANCE The deficiency in the wheat crop is generally ad mitted. On the Paris Bourse rentes are quoted at 68L 55c. ITALY. The Reactionists were everywhere beaten by tho Vioar Generaldo. At Sorrento twenty-seven priests and three monks were arrested at the Castle. The Reactionists at Canceilo were made prison ers by the Royal troops. Cipnalo was taken, after a short resistance. Garibaldi Wiis expected to nrrlfo «l Naples 4n the Bth of September, the annirersary of his entry into Naples. Grand fetes were preparing in his honor. G eneral Cialdini reminds the Gorernmcnt that ho duly and proTisionally accepted the Lieutenancy of Naples, hut will not resign until the country has been purged of brigands, and a new Lieutenant be appointed. Cantulle and Blaise have resigned from the ministry. TUBREY. The Pasha is to bo promoted in rank. Jeuth Pasha has been appointed foreign minister. The Sultan continues to effect reforms. The Herzegovina insurgents had requested the intercession of ltussia for peace with the TurkSr Oma Pasha had approved of the proposed Russian and Austrian Embassy at Constantinople, and de puted a commissioner to proceed to open nego tiations with Prince Michael. Obrenowitch announces in his speech that prepara tions are making for an interior Legislature, and measures for tho organization of a National militia in the D&nubinn country. One thousand Montenegrins attacked a village on tho Turkish frontier and were repulsed with a loss of ten. A Turkish war steamer had arrived at Glcvan. RUSSIA. Tho Russians had sustained another defeat from the Circassians in Russian Poland. A serious disturbance had broken out at Kalli dab owing to tho arrest of & man. The patrol were nsulted and a number of men surrounded tho colo inel and demanded bis release, which was granted, after which the garrison assembled and threatened to fire on the people. A number of arrests were made. HUNGARY. The dissolution of the Hungarian t>iet was con sidered certain within a few days. An Imperial rescript was expected shortly. Foreign Commercial Intelligence. fPer the steamerArago.] LlTEfiFOOfc QOTTOM MIRtF.T, Aug. 20.—Til* sales Of cotton on Monday and Tuesday amounted to 30,000 bales, including 13,000 bales to speculators and for export. Prices have advanced 1-160 !*d. The market closes quiet but firm, with a tendency atill upward. The advance is on the middling and lower qualities. liiYßiu'OOL Breadstuff* Market. —Messrs. Rich ardson A Spence report Flour inactive, and 6d lower; American 24027 a. "Wheat dull and 2d lower; red "West ern 9soioi Od; red Southern llidllfi 2d, whit* WSBtOFU llfi OdollsM, white Southern 13s. Corn easier; mixed and yellow 29s 6do3Osld, white lavBitPOQL Provisions Mauikt.— Messrs. Bigland, Athya A Co., James McHenry A- Co., and other authori ties report Beef quiet and unchanged. Fork dull. Bacon inactive. Lard inactive at 480505. Tallow firm; sales at LiTEnrooL Pkoddck Mikiet.—Rosin firm »t 7»®7s 3.1 for common. Spirit, of Turpentine firmer at 4i4>49f, Sugar quiet but steady. Coffee steady. Rico quiet blit Btnady. Aahos quiet; pearls 30s, pots 85s. London Monet Market, Aug. 20.—Consols »r* quoted at s»9oJi for money. From Matanzas. nUKXI.VO THE BLOCKADE. New York, Aug. 30.—Tho stoamer- arrived at this port to-day, bringing Matanzas dates to the 25th. A British schooner had arrirod there, haying run tho blockade off Newborn, N. C., and sailed again for Charleston. A sloop from Charleston had also arriTed, haying run the blockade. The Storeship Release at New York. New Yobs, Aug. 30.—The storeship Release has arrived at this port from Fort Pickens on the 2d,:snd Key West on tho 14th. James Brown and John S. Brunn, seamen, who were taken aa invalids from tha Colorado, died ou tho passage, and their bodies were consigned to the deep. From Havana. New York, Aug. 30. —Tho steamship Karnak has arrived from Havana. The hark Eglantine, for Philadelphia, was ashore at the Grand Bahama bank on the 16th of August, leaking badly, bar rudder twisted and other damages. The bark Icarian, bound to Matamoros, had put into Nassau to obtain English, papers, as a protec tion in ease of falling in with privateers. Fire at Boston. Boston. Aug, 30.—Banker A Carpenter's paint oil store, on Stato street, was destroyed by firo this afternoon, and the adjoning buildings were injured. Loss $lOO,OOO. Ship News. New Youk, Aug 30.—Arrivod ship Alexander Marshall, from Liverpool; schr. Central A me riea, from Marseilles. Important and Direct from Georgia. By a gentloman who left Savannah, Ua., last Wednesday, says the Chicago Journal, wo learn that tho most doplornblo stato of affiurs exists in that section. A reign of terror, worse than that of the French Revolution, hangs over tuo people, like a sable mill. Sp»4 f"id ““ hare hut to indicate an individual against whom they hareja personal bate, and tho secret clubs forthwith ostra cise or hang him. . _ ~ A poor German, against whom one of the Golden Circle had a spite, was informed against for so iling to a negro a bottle of whisky, and he was ordered to lcavo in twelve hours. Not obeying, he was seised and hung in front of the Pulaski House, in tho jorosonoß of two thousand spectators, on Tubs- British subjects are impressed into tho rebel service. Forced levies are made upon them, and British consuls are not rccogniiod, as they are ac credited to the United States. The reign of terror is supreme. ~ , , , , Our informant h an Englishman, and reached this city, rift Nashville, last evening. THE CITY. The Career of Ellis B. Schnabel Trenson, like highway robbery, taM it# romance, find its blackout instances sometimes meet abound in mournful recollections and promises Gome te naught. Schnabel, the man lately arrested in Connecticut, for uttering incendiary words, md in citing to disloyalty, has an unwritten history that is full of interest, lie was born about 1820 in one of tho interior oountiea of this smtet, his father being extensively interested in iron manufactures) and, therefore, able to give his son an excellent education. The lad graduated at Dickinson Col lege, Carlisle, where his course was marked by some uptnoss, and much dissipation, and ho opened a law offico in Sixth street, below Walnut, about 1841, practising for some time with indifferent suc cess. In the folk campaign of 1844, bo entered the political arena, ami first exhibited those remarkable oratorical abilities which afterward made him the idol of his party. His efforts wero rewarded with the appointment of superintendent of tho public stores in tho Custom House of this city. In 1844, be advocated the Democratic tariff, in opposition t* tho interests of his father, and tho Commonwealth at largo. His speeches we re soundly arguraenta tive, and produced immenso effect among tho la borers and agriculturists. He was succeeded in 1849 by Colonel William D. Lewis, and was not seen here for several years. In 18&6, Schnabel reappeared in the Wilmot dis trict, at that time rnvoiulumlxeil in favor of Fre mont, where he challenged tho Proviso Maker t* public disoussions, and made a series of stump speeches that arc said to hare bcon unexampled in, point of fiery denunciation, powerful argument, and keen, terrible sarcasm. The State Democratic Com mittee employed him to e&hvass Eastern Punnaylva nm, and his several effiwls in favor of Mr. Bucha nan wero unequalled by any of the groat addresses of the men of the time, contributing, to a large ex tent, to the elcetion of the old Public Functionary* and giving Schnabel a local renown which pro founder men envied and covoted. lie was, in fact, tho admiration of fcho wholo Pennsylvania Democracy, although his ovil prac tices found, oven in tho flush of hia success, numer ous occasions for disclosing themselves, and these who most admired his talents most lamented his vice 3. During Buchanan’s term of tenure ho alternated between New York, Philadelphia, and Washing ton, frequenting bar-rooms, and surprising strangers by eloquent dissertations upon current matters of science, art, and politics, no was a wit nesa in the Covode investigation, and his altercation with Judge Black relative to tho Constitution newspaper will be remembered by all conversant with tho politics of the times. Latterly Schnabel has not been prominent cither as a politician cr a public speaker. Ho intended to take part in tha Secession meeting at Bridgeport, Connecticut, but was dotcctcd in Litchfiold county, of that £iate, by Marshal Carr f and consigned to the pleasant apartments of Fort Lafayette. The Union Volunteer Refreshment Sa loon, at the foot of Wnahington-stroot wharf, has been enlarged, and is now capable of accommo dating a larger number of soldiers at one time. In the extension arc located the store-room, pan try, and ico-kouso; tho latter institution is undor ground, and the butter and meats are kept in a# nice and cool a condition as If in the Arctic ro«rioa. »In the pantry, shelves are arranged for the dishes, besides a row of stationary tables for the prepara tion of tho food prior to setting it out. The ar rangements of these latter throe new divisions are moat excellent* Tho bill of fere is daily improved at this establishment. Our citizens arc so liberal that delicacies arc constantly contributed to the volunteers. gg In the upper story of the now building is a room appropriated to the committee to transact business and for the use of the ladies while waiting for a regiment. This room will be neatly furnished and carpeted ; broad benches are to be placed around the four sides, so that a mattress ean be laid upon them for the sick and wounded who may need assistance. The latter arrangement has boon sug gested by Dr. E. Ward, who is present on all oc casions to relieve the wants of the needy, and take* particular delight in bestowing his labor and skill gratuitously for the great cause. This plan cannot fail to bo of immense service, as every train ar riving or departing brings foififi i>lfk Of WOUUdftl along. The Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon has now become an institution of which tho city of Philadelphia can feel proud, and strangors, upon arriving in the city, arc almost- ns anxious to visit it aa they are to see the old Hail of Independence. Shooting Affair.—Ycsteiduy morning, Martin Healy, a member of Company G, Twenty fourth Regiment, was before Alderman Ogle, upon the charge of shooting Christian McNally, a mem ber of the same company, in the log. The shooting took place on Thursday night, at the armory, lfal nut street, between Fourth and Fifth, and tho af fair nroso out of a difficulty that Healy had with James McCarty and another member of the Com pany, about taking a light from the room. Mc- Nally, who is a corporal of the company, ordered the men to be quiet. At this moment Healy pulled a six-shooter out of his pocketanddischargcd three loads in rapid succession, aiming, it is said, at Mc- Carty. Ono of the balls entered McNally’s leg jUSt belQlT the knee, nnd went through so aa to bo felt on the other side. lie was token to tho police .station, and afterwards removed to the hospital. The wound is serious, but is not considered danger ous. Healy was committed in default of $1,09* bail to await a further hearing. Consecration- of a Church.—Tlie Cburcli ,0f St, Luke, the Good Physician, at BusUeton, wo* eonsooratod on Thursday, i‘he Mowing oleriaot gentlemen officiated: Right Rev. Bishop Potter, of Pennsylvania, and Right Rev. Bishop Odenheimer, of Now Jersey. Clergy of the Diooese of Pennsylvania: Rev. Drs. Ducachet, Cox, Helm, Wells, Bcasely, Smith, Buchanan, Miller, Lunday, McKim, Littell, Tred weU Keith, Diehl, Ynrncll, Hale, and the rector of the pariah, Rev Mr. Coleman. Clergy of the Biocese of New Jersey: Rov. Mr. Brown. Diooese of Delaware: Rov. Messrs. Franklin, Clemson, Hotehkin, Parker, and Break. Dxoceso of Now York: Bov. Mr. Hay. Diocese of Minnesota: Rev. Mr. Lunnerden. Diocese of Bristol, England: Rev. Mr. Williams. Dr. Ducachet reed a sermon prepared by Rev. Dr. Wilmer of St. Mark's Church, who wad to haro been present, but who was prevented by illness. Bishops Potter and Odenheimer delivered appro priate addresses. Reception of the Remains of General Lto.n. —This morning the remains of the lamented Brigadier General Nathaniel Ly°n, are expected to arrive in this felly, ou their way to thoir final rest ing place in Connecticut. It is expected that the body will arrive at the Pennsylvania Railroad De pot, at Eleventh and Market streets, at six o'clock in tho morning. Upon its arrival there, it will be taken in clinrgo by Company B, Captain Hastings, First Regiment of Artillery of tho Homo Guard. This company will act as n guard of honor to the body while it remains in the city. In addition te Ceihpfthy B, Company A, of the same regiment, and the Second Regiment of Infantry of the Line, Colonel Charles P. Dare, will act as an escort to the Now York Depot. There will be no unnecessary bait made in this city. It is understood that tho escort will pass over tha following route: Along Eleventh street to Arch, doom Arah to Fifth, and up Fifth street to tho Ken sington Depot of the New York lihe. A Musket foe evert Home.—While home guard organisations arc being formed in most sec tions of the State, there is yet a lamentable defi ciency of wehpoiis in tho interior, as in the city. Beyond a rusty fowling-piece, an old horse-pistol, or a blunderbuss, that would probably explode at the wronjr end, our people are not provided with arms, ana one-half the villages of the State couhi be surprised and sacked by an enemy at any mo ment. Let every citizen be the owner of a musket or a riflo. I’haso nro tho offooHvo weitpens of war, and if the population at largo possesses thorn each borne will be an armory, and every township invin cible. Let tho people be armed, for arms aro tho providences that decide battles, and no man knows, in this exigency, how soon he may bo called te march from nis threshold, like the men of 'lfi, anil figlit a new Lexington or a new Bunker Hill upon the nearest village green. Iniiumanitt Wo were witness yesterday to one of those scenes of callous inhumanity whiokj happily, are of rare occurrence in this city. A wounded volunteer, of one of the New York regiments, who had just returned from Bull Run, seated himself upon the stops pf a house in the vi cinity of ElfTCPth end Walnut streets te rest awhile. The “lady” of the house, perceiving him, at once despatched a Bervant to order hint await, and tho poor follow was moving off with a sorrowful countenance, when sovorai ladles who chanood to bo passing at tho instant noticed him. AftcrgivingfuUvont to their “sentiments," in tones both loud and deep, they generously mado up a purse of five dollars, which they presented to tho wounded volunteer. The galled judo winced be neath thoir scathing sarcasm, and the volunteer, liis face lighted up with a smile of gratitude, moved slowly away ejaculating thanks. Gone South.—The Rev. A. Tt Spalding, pastor of the Bereen Baptist Church, of West Phila delphia, has sent in his resignation to that churchy in which he expressed great sorrow on boing obliged to sever a connection that had boon to him one of the most pleasant of his lifetime. Before leaving, he expressed himself in such a way as to convince his congregation that, by so doing, he would make a great sacrifice to leave & church Ike principal members of, which ATS not only well to do in the world, hut enjoy a reputation for kindness and warm-hearted friendship soldo* found. It is rumored that tho Rov. Edwin Lovy wiM re ceive tho unanimous call of tho congregation to as sume the pastorate of that church. Mr. Spalding, it Is said, intends to go South. Commendable Movement.— On Thursday evening a meeting of young men actuated by petti otic and Christian motircs, was held at the hall, Ninth and Spring Garden streote, for the purpose of forming a volunteer company to bo attached to Co lonel George P. McLean’s regiment. Addresses were delivered by Rev. Mr. Wilson, Dr. George Mitchell, and others. Another meeting will be held in Washington Hall, »■> Monday evenimj, to farther the sumo commendable object, and addresses may bo expected from soveral prominent divines. Fv.\nn.tr. of Mr. Gborqf, W. Edwards. — The funeral of the late Sir George W. Edwards took place yesterday morning,. from his late resi denoo. aorner of Eighteenth and WalfiWt streets. It was largely attended by tho personal frionis of the doccascd, with a number of prominent oilmens. Tho body was first taken to St. Joseph's Church, where high mass was performed. Tfce funeral then proceeded to St. John’s Church,' £h -Thirteenth street, above Chestnut, where tbp interment taok place. - ’ - The Cameron Limit Guard.—Colonel HuiT, tho United States mustering offioer, is busily en gaged in Bwearing into the service recruits for Colonel George P. McLean’s Cameron Light Guard. The men are now mustered in by squad* instead of by companies, as formerly* Next week, there will be ai Bag and pole roisingat they amp, which is situated *u the Falls wad, Wfeaahiokoa.