Till-: PIiKSS. rrutrsuED r.uty, (Sundays excepted,) BT JOHN W. FORNIiV, OFFICE No. -ill CHESTNUT teTKEHT. DAILY PRESS. Twelve Tests Pek TYeki:, ynynbl.. 1„ the Currier. Mailed- to Subscribe:-.; out ti the rit> ;it Six Doi.i.ar.s TEIt AXNT3f, FOL*Ii DoLUARS VOll y.U.M !’ MONTHS, TIIRKJ.J DolLAks yon Six Months —invoriaby in advance for the time ordered. THIS TJ! I-WEEKLY PRESS, Mailed to Subscribers out of the City at Three Dol lars Per Annum, in advance. SEA BATHING. , Steamers DELAWARE., Captain Johnston, and 130STDN* Captntn Urooker, will leave for CAl’iC MAY oml NKW YORK, from Hot whrvf he.mv Spruce street, •every TUESDAY. TUVIicDAI, and SATURDAY. at <>;.< A. M. Iji'-turis:;'!?, leave New York .-.nsne i!:>ys at SP. M. Tto iun-n II FRAMES. JAMES S. EARLE & SON, SIC CHESTNUT STREET, Announce tUc- reduction of 25 jht ceaf. in the prices of all the Manufactured Stock of Looking Glasses ; also, in Xngvavings Picture ami Photograph. Frames. Oil Faint ing*. The largest and most elegant assortment In the country. A rare opportunity is nowofferel to make purd chases in tliis line For Cash, at remarkably Low Prices EARLE’S GALLERIES, jviMf SIC CHESTXTT Street. BANKING, IST RELMONT T OIL ~ BANKERS, 50 WALL STREET, NEW YORK I.'.'Uts of Credit to Travellers, available In all part., of Enrol* 1 , tliroacrh the Mc->e-.-. Rothschild, of T-OSiJon, Frankfort. Naplois, Yiemm, ami their t'errewirleat-. PRESERVING- JARS. ■gqilTlT CANS ANY) JARS! IMMENSE STOCK SET.T.ING OFF AT NOMINAL riiU’ Es AT Nos. 117 aiul 113 SOUTH TENTH STREET. The large wholes-aic f took of ARTHURS FRUIT CANS AND JARS, Now selling off at an IMMENSE REDUCTION. T am now selling off, at HETAIL. tlie entire stock of the- late firm of Arthur, Burnham, \* Gilroy, N. E. Cor ner Tenth tuid George street*, con*:sting of AKTHUrS FPt'IT CANS AND JAUS. “OLD DOMINION” COFFEE AND TLA POTS, J’t; M T S PELF-VENTILATING MILK PANS ; PRAT'rSjt-ELF-VENTILATING BREAD AND CAKE BONES. ICE CIEEA?-! FREEZERS, Ac. , h chance ns this will again occur for gcl tii.a the ahuv - v. iil-hnov.n article- ill a very low prise.. iV,,7. j. ;i,r time for Housekeepers to secure a aiinnly of I'niU for tlie season, at a small cost.' CHARLES BURNHAM, K. V. ( ..-.n.-r TENTH an,l GEORGE Street?, Phils. :.im-tl:-ta2:.i Glass above, GLASS BELOW, GLASS ul\ ALL STPLS. K.i (■!' being roisoiud with Metal in using the ItAL'i LI.L JAIL IiAfITLLL A LLTCmVOLTIT. MYu’i lnnw. 1 : > X. I'JFfIL Slicct. A LL PEBSOSS PUTTING UP j-jji'iT, At., :nv e-R‘d:i!ly iuviU*a tic:'!! awl < tl~* iIAUTJILL JAU, lvcr.jiimi-iultnl Ly Ur. At l.V. 1’! T. j;. * :onl oth-vrs, mnl h.-i* Silver Mortals aurt l'h-t Diploma:-, which imvi 1 ni-vti* fuiU'rt Wins *iYi vV• \ v.in-i plt’.'-cil in competition with otluT .Jar?. ' ‘ ‘ HAUTE LL ic LKTCinvoirni. Cla.-s Wsm-l.mw, IS X. FIFTH Strict. CABINET IIKNITIJRi: f LYBINET FUItXITUBE AND BlL \j UAtiU TABLK?. MOORE & CAMPION, 201 Ponth SECOND Street. in ccinu'-'iiMn v.itli th*ir Cabinet Business are iiov. ii:t«Minn:i;irimr a superior arlirlp of JUBLIAItI) TABLES, Ai.'l hove now on a fuli supply, limshe-l with the Jloi'llK & < AMPTOVS IMPHnVEI) CUSHIONS, vliiih inv pronounced. by all who have used them. to be fciMHTlor all oilier:*. I'or the utility :md finish of these Tables the manu laCtUivr* refer to their numerous patrons throughout the 4 ni'-n. v. Ik., are familiar with the character of their work. gte-J-i-bm BUSINESS NOTICES. JOHN WELSH, Practical SLATE ROOFER, THIRD Street and OERMAXTOWX is nivnare:! to put on any amount of HOUFIXG. on tin; li'.r-t MODERATE TERMS. AVill guaranty lu inalo 1 ev.-r> IJuiluing Water-tight. Ortk-r? promptly nttemleu to. File manufactory, 211 XKW STREET. j»i K | Ra?ps of every ilesmpthm, ami "ou«.t quality* iuj,.U*Yi or.HT. at tin* VIIOLKSALE ASi) RETAIL, at iu'i:jtit:u li*rtT*ft lu*k*t-=. Ki doiu? in a superior manner. Op] -itt}|;i J. B. feMUii. Ease and comfort. A. THEOBALD tusks, Who can please or suit OVi*t l * Siah a pcrsiin probaUly »f*vr*r was born. But tlmse who knr.v;• wljon they are united in BOOTS or SHOES at • I-ivit-'il to give liun a call, and Those who never were huii'.M Ivloye inay be suited now. He is at l»i» OM IMnee, buS l OATES Street jel-j-Om m=\ EVANS & WATSON’S ft§jJi SALAMANDER SAFES. STORE, £O4 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. A huge variety of FJIIE-PKOUF SAFES always on haod. ■try* -zi WJI. S. UHL VERSON, UN L»EJiTAKIvR, has witlulruwu from lh<* old firm, and j/ ~m, at the northfttst corner of ST. JOHN and COATES bn-ci-h. jy>4-lm OLIVE OlL.—Pure Olive Oil in white s'.a.'» buttles, just received per bark Juliet. For tale by JAURKTUiIK & CARSTAIUS je2U No. 208 South FRONT Street. CLARET WINE—In casks and cases, of the brands of St. Julicn, Margaux, Ilout-Bricu I’uxii'ue. For sale by IJALKETCIIE & CARSTAIRS, ~■2O So. 208 South FRONT Street SKINS. —A small invoice of Hides, Sltei'i' ;nnt Goat Mims, just received from tlto West Indiee, for .ate by JAURETCHE & CARSTAIRS, 202 .South FRONT Street. je3 WJ OAD —500 lbs. for sale by Y> WKTIIKRIT.L & BROTHER, jell 47 and 19 North SECONB Street. VOL. 5-NO. 16. Proposals for army baggage WAGONS. Quartermaster General’s Office, > Washington, June 21, 1801. \ Proposals are invited for the furnishing of Army Bag gage A\ agons. Proposals should state tho prices at which they cun he furnished at the place of manufacture, or at ftVw York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, or Cincinnati, as preferred by the bidders. The number which can he made by any bidder within one lmmtli after receipt of the uniw, aho the number which ho can deliver within .me w.n-k. The Wagons must exactly conform to the following Specifications, mid to the established patterns. Six-mule (covered) wagons, of the size and description as follows, to wit: The front wheels to be three feet ten inches high, hubs ten inches in diameter, and fourteen and a quarter inches long; hind wheels four feet ten inches high, hubs ten and a quarter inches in diameter, and fourteen ami a quar ter inches long; fellies two and a half inches wide and two mul three-quarter inches deep; cast iron pipe boxes twelve inches long, two and a half inches at the large end mul one and seven-eighths inch at small end; tire two and a half inches wide by live-eighth* of an inch thick, fastened with one screw bolt and nut in each frill; 1 ; hubs made of gum, the spoke* audhdheof the \n->l white oak, free from defects; each wheel to have a sand band and linchpin band two and three-quarter inches wide, nf No. 8 band iron, and two driving bands—outside baud one and a quarter inch by one-qusuter inch thickjiisideband one inch by three-sixteenths in thickness; the hind wheels to be made and boxed so that they will measure from the in side of the tire to the large end of the box six and a half inches, and front wheels six and one-eighth inches in a parallel line, mid each axle to bo three feet eleven mid three-eighth inches from the outside of one shoulder washer to the outside of the other, sq, as to have the wagons all to track five feet from centre to centre of the wheels. Axletreos to be made of the best qualitv refined American iron, two unci a half-inches square at the shoulder, tapering down to one and a half inch in the middle, with a seven-eighth* inch king-bolt hole in each axletrec: washers and linchpins for each nxleiree: >i/e of linchpins one inch wide, throe-eighth* of an inch thick, with a hole in each end; a wooden stock four and three quarter inches wide and four inches deep fastened sub stantially lo the axletrec with clips on the ends and with two bolts, six inches from the middle, and fastened to the hounds mid bolster, (the bolster to be four feet live inches long, live inches wide, and three and a half deep,) with four half-inch bolts. The tongue to be ten feel eight inches long, four inches wide and three inches thick at front end of the hounds, and two and a quarter inches wide by two and three quarter indies deep at the front end, ami so arranged as to lift up, the front end of it to hang within two feet of tho ground when tho wagon is standing at rest on a level surface. i The front hounds to he six foot two inches tong, ‘■'throe Inches thick, and four inches wide over ’nxlotrce*, and to retain that width to the buck end of the tongue ; jaws of tho.hounds one foot eight inches long and three inches s> pi arc at tho. front end, with a plate of iron two and a half inches wide by three eighths of mi inch thick, fastened on top of the hounds over the hack ond of the terngno with one hiilf-iuch screw bolt in each end, and a plate of iron of the same size turned up at each end one and a half inches to clump the front hounds together, ami fastened on the under side, and at front cud of hounds, with half inch screw bolt through each hound, a seven-eighth inch bolt through toiujm* ami hounds in the centre of jaws, to secure the tongue in the hounds; a plate of iron three inches wide, one quarter inch thick, and one foot eight indies long, secured on the inside of jaws orhoumls with two rivets, mid a plate of the same dimensions on each side of the tongue, whore the tongue and hounds run togolh mnt middle pairs with open rings to attach them to tho i doubletcjiwaM.jLio.iiLo.. 1 The fibh chain to be len feet long to the fork; the ibrk ; one foot ten inches long, with the stretcher attached to : spread the forks apart: tin* links of the doubletree, stav, and three-eighths of an inch in dinme ! ter; the forked chain seven-sixteenth inch in diameter ; ! the fifth chain to be seven-sixteenth inch diameter to , the fork; the fork to be five-sixteenth inch diameter; the ‘ links of those mul of the kick chains to be not more than two mul a quarter inches long. Tho hoar to ho rtraight, three feet *ix inche* wide, two feet deer, ten foot lmur at tlie bottom, anil t«*-.i fot-t *ix Indies fit tlie toih dopiiur equally nt oachoml all in the clear or tlie beii nieces to he two siml a half indie* vide, fual three inehc* deep: front pieces two inches deep by two and a half inches wide; tail piece two ami a half inches wide and three inches deep: ami four inches deep in the middle to rest on tlie coupling pole; top rail one and a half inch thick by one and seven-eighth inch wide; lower rail* one inch thick by one and seven-eiqhth inch wide; three studs and one rail in front, with a seat on strap hinge* to close it up as high a* the sides: a box three feet four im-he? Ion", the bottom five indie* wide front side, nine and a half inches deep, and eight ami a half incise* at the top in parallel line to tho body all in the dear, to he substantially fastened to the front end of the hotly, to liavc an iron strap imping round cadi ond, pecim-d to the head piece ami front rail by a rivet iu each end of it passing through them, the lid to he fastened to the front rail with two good’strap hinges, a strap of five-eighth iron around the box a half inch from the top edjro, and two strap* same size on the lid. near tlie front edge, to prevent the mule* from entinrr the boxes; to have a joint hasp fastened to the middle of the lid, with si good wooden cleat on the inside, a strap of iron on the centre'of tlie box with a staple passing through it, to fasten the lid to: eight stud* and two rails on each sale: one holster fastened to the body, six inches deep ami four inches wide at king holt hole, iron rod in front and centre, of eleven-sixteenths of ait inch round iron, with a head on the top of vail and nut on lower end : iron rod and brace behind, with shoulders on top of tall piece, and mils on the under side, and a put on top of rail: a plate two and si half incite* wide, of No. 10 band iron on tail piece, across the body: two mortices in tail piece, and hind bar two and a quarter inches wide and one inch thick, to receive piece* throe feet IVur inches loner, to be used as harne.-s bearers; four rivets through each side stud, :uul two rivets through each front stud, to secure the lining boards,'to bo of the best quality iron, and riveted on u good bur ; one rivet through each end of the'.'rails': fiuor.'live eighths of an inch oak boards: sides five-eighth* of. an inch white pine, tail board' three-quarters tif an feSO-Oni* inch thick, of while pine, to bo well clr-atod wirh five oak cleats riveted at each eml through tlie tail-board; on iron plate three feet eight inches long, two anti quarter incites wide, and three-eighths of an inch thick un tlu* under side of Iho hod-pieec. to cxtcii'l fr.nxt 11 m hind end of tin* body to eight indio* in front uf the hind bolster*, to hi* fii-iened by the rod at llie end of the body, by the In lend rod and two tlirr-e-eidtlhs of an inch screw bolt*, one at tin* forward'end of Un* plate, and tin* other about fqTu-ilWant it an*! the lateral rod. A half-inch round iro-i rod or bolt t.. diagonally through;tiif rails, between the two bind Mild- to ami through ili<- 1.f.1-p.id.c* ruul |wuK* : r.-id:-!* it. with a good liead on the top and nut and screw at the bottom, to be at-the top nun foot six indie* ftv.ut inside of tail-board, and on the bottom ten in*-lic> ir-.nu Hie liind rod. An iron damp two inches wide, om*- (ii!artcr«if an inrfi thick around the bed-piece, thy cen tre bolt to which the lock claim is imached pasdni' through it, to extv-nd beveji indies on the inside of the body, the ends, top, and .bottom to he scenred by two inch screw bolts, the middle bar at the end? to be Hush with luo .bed-piece on the lower’Hide.'- 'Two lock fludns secured to the ct-nne b,.H of the body f.no and eleven indie*, the other two feet six indies long, to he «-f three-eighths of an inch round iron : fied trough to be four b et six inches long from out to out. the bottom and ends of oak. the sides of vdhuv pine, to bo eight indiPss wide at luiri'Mib twelve inches wide at inp. ami eisrliT and u half nidu s deep all in I ho clour,, v.eil ironed, with a band of Loop-iron around the top. ('lie around each end ami three between tin- end*.’strong and suitable irons to fasten tV*ai on the tongue when feeding: good drum: chain* p> be attached to the top rail of the body, secure i by a rtaple with a hook to at tach it to the trough. Six bows of sirnl ash, two inches wide and one-half inch thick; with three staples to confine theridge pole to its‘place: two staples outlie body, to secure each one of Ihc lu»\\>: one ridge* pole twelve feci Ion", one aml three-quarters indies vide by five-eighths of an inch thick ; tin.* rover to bo of the first (juality cotton duck No. —. fifteen feet long and nine feet eight inches wide, made in the best luamier, with four hemp cords mi each side, and one through each end to close it at both ends: two rings on each end of the body, to close and Secure the ends of the cover: a staple in the lower rail, near the Second stud from each end, to fasten the side cords. The outside of the body ami feed trough to have two good coats of white lead, colored to a blue tint, tho inside of them to have two cunts of Venetian red judot: the running gear and wheels to have two good coats of Venetian red darkened of a chocolate color, the hub and fellies.lo be well pitched, instead of painted, if required. A tar-pot, an extra king bolt, and two extra single trees 1o be furnished with each wagon, the king holt and singletrees similar in all re-pecis to those- belonging to it. Each side of the body of the wagon to be marked l\ and numbered as directed : all other parts h» be let tered l\ £.: tho cover, feed box, bolts, linchpins, tar pot. and harness hearers for «*a«-h wagon to be put up in a strong box. (coopered,)'and the contents marked thereon. It is to be distinctly understood that.the wagons are to be so constructed that the several part- of anv one wagon will agree and exactly lit those of any other, so us to r<*ouiu* no numbering or arranging for putting together, and all the material used for their construction tcflK*''uf the best quality: nil the wood thoroughly H*n« wmed, ami the work in ail its parts faithfully executed in the best workmanlike manner. 'The work may be inspected from time to time as it by an officer or agent of the Quartermaster's Department, and none of it sdiall be painted until it shall have been inspected and approved by said officer of agent authorized to inspect it. When linUh'-d, painted, and accepted by an officer or agent of the Quartermas ters Department, and delivered as herein agreed, they fslialllx* paid for. M. MEKSS. -ji-23-11 Quartermaster Genera] U. S. QAA PATRIOTIC, UNION, AND OUU COMIC ENVELOPES, all different styles, the largest collection in the United States, for sale at one cent each. You .can order from 2-3 up to 800, at the above price. Just received, varieties of Secession En velopes from Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky, Ac. Collectors will find it to their advantage to order direct bom CHARLES A.’HILLER, 23 ANN Street, N. Y. New* Designs received dally. Trade supplied, jy&j-lm Fne shirt manufactory.— J. V. SCOTT, 814 CHESTNUT Street, a few doors below the “Continental.” The attention of the Wholesale Dealers is iuvited to his IMPROVED CUT OF SHIRTS, of superior fit, make, and material, on bond and made to order at shortest notice. jeB-tf /CHRISTIAN RENTSCIILER’S LA- V 7 OKR-BEER SALOON AND OFFICE, No. 40» CHESTNUT Street. liltKV ERY, No. 982 North SE\ ENTII Street, Plii aileli'liia. jy29-liu PROPOSALS. MONDAY, AUGUST 19, 1861. ITALIA LIBERATA That the Quarterly Review, so long the organ of intolerant and ranijrant Toryism iu England, should do justice to C avoir, the especial apostle of Progress, may be falcon as a signi ficant and suggestive sign of the times. Some hand unseen, Byron reminded the world, strewed flowers over the grave of Nero, which proved that When Power Had left the wretch one uncorrupted hour, lie had done a kind or a just act to somebody In like manner, because of tiic Quarterly's liberal recognition of. the merits of Cavour, we cast upon it this tribute of admiration and astonishment.' The notice of Cavocr, which appears in the new number of the Quarterly, is attributed to one of tbe most accomplished of the Palmerston .Ministry, and the writer evidently lias considerable personal knowledge of his subject. Cavoiy; was the ablest, as well as tho most successful statesman in Europe. It lias boon the fashion to give ilmt title to Napoleon, un doubtedly a remarkable, shrewd, and success ful man. Cavour’s own estimate of Napo leon, appears extremely accurate. Ifo admit ted Ins fertility of resource, liis physical and moral courage, and his knowledge of the peo ple lie governs, but had no very high idea of his capacity. “ lie has no definite policy,” he remarked to an English friend. lie has a number of political-.ideas floating in liis mind, none of-them matured. ‘They would seem to be convictions founded upon instinct. He will not steadily pursue any single idea if a serious obstacle presents itself, but will give way. and take up another. This Is the ‘ mot do Ponigmo-" to liis policy.” Napoleon's only principle is tlie establishment of his dynasty, and using the vanity of the French people to maintain it. C.vvorit said: «Look at his wavs, look at his foreign policy; he lias never gone one step beyond ; what was absolutely ne cessary to attain this one object. The princi ple ostentatiously put forward in the first in stance has been forgotten or discarded as soon as his immediate end has been accomplished. It was so in the war with Russia ; it has been so in tlie war with-Austria. In the. Crimea lie was satisfied .with .the success of his avmv in the capture of Sebastopol, which took from the English troops tlie glory they had earned by their admirable devotion and courage, and to which they would have added had the war continued. In the struggle with Austria lie was astounded by the greatness of tlie victo ries of Solferino. Tho military glory of France had been satiated, and lie thought, no more of the liberty of Italy, of that lice and united nation which he was to have called into existence from tlie Alps to the Adriatic.” Born of a noble and wealthy family, Camil i.o Cavoir received a military education, was a page at Court at the age of seventeen, ami becoming disgusted with tills servitude, (putted it, graduating with tho rank of Lieutenant in tlie Engineers, and tho reputation of an able mathematician, and one of the most industri ous pupils of the institution. At the age of nineteen he wintered in the Appenines, to make tlie plan of a new fort, which was to close the road between Nice and Genoa. Here he.became acquainted with the late "William Brockedex, an English artist, subsequently a great inventor,'whose magnificent work “The Passes of the Alps.” showed the romantic beauty of tlie , mountains on the Piedmontese as well as tlie Swiss side. At that time, the father of C-ir tplus-Al bert, and grandfather of Victor Emmas eel, was King oi kjaraima, ana governor mm an absolutism which must have charmed liis re lative, Francis of Austria. Young Cavoith, suspected of sympathizing with liberty and progress, was arrested, and, on liis liberation, threw up bis commission in tbe Engineers in disgust, and set to work heart and soulto study t'l,o political and social questions of the day, awl to prepare himself for tho work that was before him, and to which he even then looked forward. A remarkable letter has been pre served, written by him about this time, in which lie says that, in his dreams, lie already sees himself the Minister of the kingdom of Italv. Tlie French Hevolution of 1890, fol lowed by the grant of English Parliamentary reform, assured him that there was hope for his OAvn fair Italy. He took groat interest in English politics and statistics, aud, before lie was twenty-two years old, had learned to speak and write the English language. He threw him self even thus early, into the discussion of tho Free-Trade question—years before Charles Villiers, who was followed by Couuex and Bright, had introduced it into Parliament. He travelled through various parts of Italy— a suspected and watched man. In 1848, when the archives of the Milan police fell into the hands of the Italian party, it appeared that they contained a detailed report upon Cavovr, who was set down as a dangerous who, from his talents, was to be dreaded. In 1833, Cavovr assisted liis father in tlie ma nasemenc of liis numerous iarms, and thus ac quired considerable knowledge which was sub sequently useful to him, when, as a Minister of State, the department of agriculture was allotted to him. 111 1833, Cavour first visited Paris, and j thc-nee passed over lo England, where his frit-ml ; Mr. Buockedex received and chaperoned him. The Reviewer says that prepared by long .study, and an intimate acquaintance with her literature, her institutions, and the history of her public‘men, Cavoue was better fitted titan probably any young traveller had ever before . been to make the utmost of a visit to England. Under tlie auspices of Mr. Buockedex, "who i knew almost every living celebrity in England, C avoir visited the great public and private institutions and establishments of London and the manufacturing districts, inquired into the principles upon which they were managed, and examined the- wonderful inventions and im provements in .mechanics which have been tho cause of the vast development of the resources and commerce of England. He completed his inquiries by spending some time in Scotland and Ireland, lie was especially interested in Ireland, and several years after, ( 1813-1) a paper upon that country, irom his pen, ap peared in the Bibliotheque Universcllc de Geneve. It enumerated the wrongs and wants of Ireland, mid made many practical sug gestions, several of which, have since been earned out. Amongst others, the establisli j jncut of a line of steamers between the ex ‘ treme point of the county of Clare and j America, by which lie contended the couimu ' mention between the two countries would ! shortly'be reduced to a seven-days’ voyage—a striking instance of his foresight, for his idea was eventually carried out by tile establish ment' of the Galway and New York mail stcamcr line, which, during liic present year, ! performed (by the Adriatic ) the shortest i passage from Europe to America yet on record. Cayour’s avhliiy for obtaining vast and va ried information in and about England was re markable, not only during his visit, but after his return to Turin. It is stated .that- blue books, parliamentary returns, papers oil finan cial, social, and industrial questions, improve ments in - manufactures, husbandry, and agri culture, reports upon. factories, schools, poor laws, and trade j even treatises on the laying out and management of ilower and boiamaU gardens, were all read with the same ardor, and illustrated and verified by his own in- quiries. IVliat chiefly interested him was the parlia mentary-system of England—which lie event ually introduced into Ids own country. Tho Reviewer says, «lie scarcely ever made a speech or wrote a paper in which some uUusion to England will not be found, in which he docs not summon, us justifying a policy or a princi ple, the great names of Chatham, of Pitt, of Canning, or of Peel, in which he does not point to a maxim or a rule of the House of Commons for the guidance of the Italian Chambers, in which he does not show that he PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, AUGUST 19, 1861. was thoroughly imbued with flic spirit of tho English Constitution.’? In August, 1842, tlie late King Charles Alhert granted a patent organizing thcSocieta Agraria of Piedmont, of which Cavocr, who originated it, was appointed head. This be came a liberal association, as to politics, and published its Gazette, in which Cavovr wrote a great deal—strongly advocating Free Trade, and urgently pressing for constitutional insti tutions. CAVocit especially urged the forma tion of railways in Italy, and forcibly argued against Communist doctrines. Ycars went on,. and the Agricultural Gazette, proving not exactly tlie proper organ of a political party, Cavoir founded the Risorgimento, in which, with other moderate reformers, lie wrote in favor of tlie independence of Italy; union be tween the princes and peoples; progress in tlie path of reform; and a league between the Italian States. This was in 1817. Next year came the Revolution in Italy. Two parties were formed in Turin, and Ca vovr became tlie recognized leader of tlie moderate or Constitutional reformers. Upon the representations of this party. Charles Albert consented to expel tlie Jesuits, who had engrossed great power and wealth, and to grant a Constitution which conceded a parlia ment. The first electoral college of Turin sent Cavoi n to tlie new chamber as its repre sentative, and lie soon assumed a first place in that assembly by the. vigor, the ability, and tlie matter of liis speeches. Meantime, events occurred in Italy which promised to lead to the overthrow of Austrian misrule and influence in that fair country. Cavovr advocated the declaration of war against Austria and the union of Lombardy to Piedmont. 'When tlie King wavered, Ca vovr recommended that his friend Baluo should proclaim himself Dictator aud march to Milan, declaring that lie was ready to ac company him barefoot. Events went on, amt Cavovr became alarmed at tlie excesses of the democratic party. By 11m t party be was then denounced as a renegade, aud his speech es were hissed by tlie auditors in the gallery of the Legislative Chamber. The result was, he was defeated at the next election, but still, in iiis Risorgimcnto, lie supported all the mo derate measures of Giobeuty, the new Demo cratic Premier. A few months did the work of years. Tito defeat at Novara, in March 1849, placed Pied mont af the feet of Austria, drove Charles Albert into abdication and exile, aud restored tlie Grand Duke of Tuscany to Florence and the Pope to Home. Victor Ejwaxvel, tho new King of Sardinia, resolved to become a constitutional ruler, and lias kept liis word. Cavovr was re-elected a member of tlie Cham bers in December, 1840, mul became .one of the Ministry in tlie October following, holding the-portfolio .of Agriculture and Commerce. With as little delay as possible, and in the face of much Protectionist opposition, Cavovr, carrying out liis early-received ideas oT Free Trade, concluded liberal.treaties of commerce with England, Belgium, and other European Powers. In 1852, when the Ministry was recon structed, with Massimo if Azeglio as its chief Cavovr, who was not included, revisited France and England, and, the Reviewer tells us, it was during his short stay in London, at this time, that lie made that midnight excur sion through the lowest and most filthy parts of London, which was so characteristic of liis desire to get at tho bottom of'everything,' and to ascertain for himself the merits of those social questions in which lie took so deep an interest. A very interesting and graphic de scription, from the pen of Charles Dickens, wise, was one of his companions, of that night’s proceedings, when tlie lowest dens of infamy and vice were visited under tlie care of In spector Field, of tlie London police, appeared in Household Words, and lias been republished Charles Dickens, entitled “Short Stories.-’’ It is ealleitOn Dwty witk Inspector JFidd. . -as D’Azeclio’s Ministry lasted only a few weeks, and, in that brief time, got into a seri ous dispute with the Holy See about civil mar riages. C-Vvoun, called upon to reconstruct the Government, found it impossible to oomo to terms with the Pope’s agent, who claimed exclusive jurisdiction of Home in all ecclesias tical matters, and withdrew. But lie was a ne cessity, and was appointed Premier, (as Presi dent of tlui Council and Minister of Finance,) Victor. Emmanuel consenting to his stipula tion that the demands of Home should be re sisted. From tliat time (the close of 1552) to Ills death, with brief intermission, Cavouk was minister of Italy. From 1852 to 1851, he encouraged tlie formation of railways and still; farther carried out his free-trade principles, j The war between Russia and the 'Western i Powers broke out in 1854. With an audacity which would have been ludicrous but for its success, Cavour mancenvred to bring in Sar dinia, then only a third-rate Power, into the league against Russia, and, early in 1855, con cluded a treaty with France and England, by which" Sardinia undertook to send an army of 14,000, afterwards increased to 25,000, to the! Crimea. It was an adroit stroke of policy, which raised Sardinia out of the defeat at Novara, and gave Italy a voice in the councils of Europe. At the conference of tho groat Powers, after the fail of Sebastopol, held to arrange terms of peace, Sardinia claimed lev right to be present as a belligerent. In sjite . of tlie remonstrances of Austria, she was id mi tied, and Cavour brought before the assm- : bled statesmen the condition of Italy. Fouhe first time the national wishes and hopes had ben ; expressed by an Italian in a European eoubil. , In able State papers addressed to Lord Clar.v- j nux, Foreign Minister of England, C.vyuß , proved, by indisputable facts, how imposible it was for Piedmont to develop her ! resources, or her free institutions, whilst jmi- : med in on all sides by Austrian bayonet:) ex- ; posed to endless intrigues, and compcllq for ; her own safety to make a constant drainipon her finances. Ilis idea, at and for that line, ‘ was a confederation of Italian States witfcon- j stitutional institutions, and a guaranis of j complete independence from the direct ntcr- j forenec and iniiuonce of Austria ; and tte sc- ; cularization of the Legations with a lawicar ] under tlie suzerainty of the Pope. A that | time he would have been even willingo ac- j quiesce in the occupation of LomWy by | Austria, had she bound herself to keep 'ithin i the limits of the treaty of 1810. ! I Austria, with a natural prescience, its ve | liement and hitter in its subsequent comuni i cations-' with Sardinia, and, in MarchjlBs7, i withdrew her Ambassador from Tiny and j followed this lip by sending 50,000 addional I soldiers across tlie Alps. Cavour met Ids by effecting a large loan. In 1858, disytisfied i at tlie lukewarm policy of England, tovliicli ■ countrv lie had first turned, C avoid made overtures to N.U'Olf.ox, and, in ail iibrview at Plombiercs, in the autumn of 1858, ajmged for the marriage of Prince Nai’Oleo.v ill tiie Princess Clotilde, daughter of the ijng of Sardinia, and for die rupture of Ernie with Austria—which last was avmomicccl.il Yew Year’s Day, 1809, hy Nai'Oleos tißaron limsEK, Austrian Minister to Paris Wav ensued, which virtually made Victi Eil masi-el King of Italy. I The Reviewer, mentioning that nvouc. named .Gabidalui commander of the p-ps of volunteers, thus tells how the two nji met: « One morning a rough, bearded man/earing a slouched felt hat and a countryman-blouse, demanded an audience of the Minisij. De clining to give his name, he was refsed ad mittance ; but as lie insisted uyon acjng the Count, the servant went to his masr, and, describing the uncouth appeawucoof the stranger, warned him of flic rii£ of iceiviug unknown persons. ‘ Let hiM : c*Me)n,’ said Cavovk, in his good-natured vaj; ‘jt is pro bably some poor devil who las i pcition to make to me.’ It was GaeidJl-C Cavocr had never seen him before. A lortjiterview gave him the highest opinion of and.capacity of this remarkable lie made up bis mind to employ as sp as the time for actual war - bad arrived.” War ensued, as we have said, ar denlv ended by the armistice which to after the impromptu interview Emperors at Yillafranca. Cavouj all control Of cr himself, ami indeed had cause to he dissatisfied at the step taken by FTapo leox without' consulting either Victor Em manuel or himself. The King, however an noyed, than his Minister, who used such hot wWds that he was dismissed from the royal presence, and immediately resigucd-oilice, (July 1859,) retired toliis farm at Leri, refused to see Napoleon, and declined an invitation to dine with him. We cannot delay here to discuss tho policy of NAPijLI;pN in not following up, against Aus tria, the victory of Solferino. It was CavOUr’s belief that the defensibility of tlie Quadrilateral had been exaggerated. Cavovr’s strong ministry was succeeded by the feeble j-ulti of Katazza and La Marmora, —but, even at his farm, Cavovr continued to govern Italy. He was a necessity, and, in January, 1859, again became Prime Minister. His first difficulty was ou account ofthc cession of Nice and Savoy to France. Tlie writer ill the Quarterly, writing from information in tlie English archives, affirms that “ the price that Italy was to pay for the help of France in a successful struggle against Austria had been fixed at the surrender of Nice and Savoy long before Lons Napoleox came to the throne. Tlie Republican party had haggled odet* it when there was a question of forming' in - %48 and 1840 a ‘Subalpmc’ kingdom by the union of Lombardy and Vctie lia to Piedmont.” He declares that it was no new idea when brought forward at Plom bieres:—that when Napoleon mentioned it there. Cavour’s reply was that should Italy become tvfree monarchy, and Nice and Savoy of their ohrynceord ask to be united to France, he would',tjgf resist j—and that “there was this tacit ursSj'erstanding, but no written agree ment or bargain. It was known every where iu Europe, except, it -would appear, in the English Cabinet, that France would claim the two provinces if the waF ended in the aggran dizement ctf- Piedmont HI-tlie-addition of L.'t:’.- bavdy amiyenetia. No French Government was likelydo do otherwise. It teas its tradi tional policy.” Cavovr, who would volun tarily agree to cede or exchange Nice or Savoy, finally admitted the right of their popu lations to express tlieir wishes in favor of an nexation to France. Garibaldi’s invasion of Sicily and Naples,, last year, was considered Lv Cavoi r as pre mature—but lie finally assented toil, by al lowing a Piedmontese army to invade the Marches, and join Garibaldi’s force in the Kingdom of Naples. The result was the an nexation to Piedmont of not only Sicily and Naples, but of all the Estates of the Church except what is defended by the French army qf occupation." On the Gtli of June, in the present year, Cavovr died, after a week's illness, ere lie had completed liis fiftieth year. IVc pass the details of his illness and death, lie departed, with his last thoughts—his last words, of jiis country. liis final utterance, after lie had taken leave of the King, and received the final .consolations of religion, (lie died a Ca tholic, as lie had lived,) were “ Italy—Rome— ■Venice—Naples.” After life’s fitful fever, lie sleeps well. Ac cording to liis own wish, this true patriot rests in the small nielic ho had himself pointed out, beneath the old church of Santena, in tlie land which belonged to liis forefathers, and where liis kin have for generations lain before him. To his countrymen, during the long future years, that humble grave will be a shrine as hallowed as Mount Vernon is to us. lie died without having carried out all that he pur posed, but he raised his country from a lowly station to the rank of a first-class Power iu Europe—he found liis Italy in chains, and he left lier free. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED From the publishers, we have received an early copy of the Atlantic Monthly, for September. It takes high rank among magazines. We"shall gqess ' at the names of its contributors. Who but Bichard Grant White eoidd have written “ The Shakspcre Mystery,” in which the evidence for and against the authenticity of the “ corrections" in the Collier folio are fully and fairly summed up ? The poem called “The Bath" wc attribute to Bayard Taylor, and, a little bird whispers, the prose tnle Of “ Saeeharissa Mellnsvs" is from the pen of the late Theodore Wintlirop. as “ Mv Out-door Study” may he affiliated on T. AY. Iligginson. and, though not quite in her style,. “ The Young Repealer," on Harriet Martincau. No pen hut that of Oliver Wendell Holmes could have written '“.Bread and the Newspaper.” “ The. Advantages of Defeat,” applied to the battle of Bull's Bun, is by C. E. Nor ton, and is well timed as well as well written. There is an l; Ode on Happiness,''’ which wo give J. B. Lowell credit for r Of the authorship of “ Agnes of Sorrento” there can be no doubt, because Mrs. Stowe avows it. and also, because in a translation of a Latin hymn. (Splendor patentee glorlie,) she makes “glory” rhyme with “implore thee”— which is decidedly bad, but very Stowcish. Some articles here we must leave anonymous : These arc My Odd Adventure with Junius Brutus Booth, A Sermon in a Stone. The Aquarium, Under the Cloud and through the Sea, Journal of a Privateersman, and the very best notiec we have yet read of Eliza beth Barret Browning. Among the notices of now hooks is one, a long extract, of Alexander Smith's new volume “ Edwin of Deiva.” It is in blank verse, and reminds us, not unfavorably, of Tennyson's Idyl of the King. As before. Mr. Smith crowds his poetry with images and similes— many of them beautiful and delicate. We repeat, this is a superior number of the Atlantic Monthly. Two popular Philadelphia' Magazines, for Sep tember. have also reached us— Godey's Lady’s 800/.- and Pcterson'-s Ladies' Magazine. Both arc liberally illustrated, with engravings on steel and wood. The frontispiece of Godey's is “ The Widow's Mite"—that of Peterson's, is “ The Legion of Honor." from a painting by Mec. As, despite the hard times, women trill hare new dresses, it is proper that they should be up to the latest modes, and cither, or both of these magazines, will enable them to he so. Here, from Lippineott & Co., we have a now volume of Cooper's Novels, illustrated by Darley, and published by W. A. Townsend, New l'ork. This is “ The Ways of the Hour,” and on referring to Dr. Allihono's Dictionary, (which no inan-of lctters can well dispense with,) wc find that it was published in ISSO, and has an adventitious interest attached to it, being the last production of our best native novelist. It is a slory of great interest, adroitly worked up, turning on the frequent ina bility of juries to deliver just judgments, in crimi nal cases, where the evidence is circumstantial. From Mr. John MeEarlan. 33 South Sixth street, and also from Mr. T. B. Pugli, Chestnut and Sixth, we have received the following new publications : 1. The American Flag, by Joseph Kodman Drake, illustrated from original drawings by F. 0. C. Darley, an illuminated cover, by John A. Hows, and George Dunskin’s arrangement of the music by Bellini. A more beautiful or perfect edition of this fine national poem has not been yet produced. Who would grudge 25 cents for it ? But to understand Drake's “American Flag,” one should hcar.it sang, with his powerful organ-lone, by Mr. Charles Onkford, of this city. 2. “The Great Conspiracy.”—An address de livered at Mount Kisco, Westchester. Now 'York, on the 4th of July, 1861, by John Jay, Esq. This is a very impressive Independence Day oration, full of historical facts, and closely argued with the convincing logic of patriotism. New York State, which lately scut us the worst Fourth of July ad dress wc ever read, (by Mr. Henry James, of Al bany,) has here given us a decidedly good one, as a compensation. 3. “ Pictures of Southern Life. Social, Political, and Military”—written fur the London Times, by AA’illiain Howard Bussell, LL. D., special corres pondent. This contains Dr. Bussell's .loiters from April 30th to June 23d, 1801—Charleston to Chi cago.’ Wc presume that the continuation of these letters will also be published. These three last works are published by James G. G regory, of New York, successor to W. A. Town send & Co. A United States Vessel Mistakes for a Pirate.-— Major General Butler writes to Mr. Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, that llio pungy schooner, seen some days since by Captain Jenkins, of the schooner Mary $/■ Adeline, as reported hi the Herald, standing across Chesapeake bay. while lie was lying oil Tangier Island, was not a pirate with a motley set of fellows on board, as lie re ported. but was the United States pungy Indiana, which Lieutenant Crosby had for a tender, and the men on hoard were twenty-fivo soldiers from a Mas sachusetts company detailed for guard duly. St WiK.v Death or ax Old Defender.— Mr. Chnrles Barnitz, an old and respected citizen of Hanover, Pa., partook of a hearty dinnor on Wednesday last, and appeared to bo in his usual health until towards evening, when he complained „ little of feeliug unwell, and by half past seven o'clock was a corpse. Tho deceased was ono of the soldiers of the war of 1812, having been a member of one of tho tiro companies which marched from that place to aid in the dcfeaco of Baltimore. He ivas aged about 75 years. as sud agreed h e tivo ICU lost LETTEE FROM WASHINGTON, (From our Special Correspondent.] Washington, Aug. lfi, 1.861, It is difficult to understand the cxnct position of tho forces immediately around Washington. We arc living in a state of blissful and contented igno rance. We know that there arc soldiers here—we can sec nn occasional camp on the hills, we some times hear the steady trnmp of tho patrol, or the rattling of a cavalry squad ns it prances over the stony streol, and, if in the neighborhood of a camp, tho quick notes of the morning revcillo. But, he yond this, nothing more. There is a vague idea that the city is surrounded by many thousands of men, but how many thousands nobody seems to know. Some people, who keep late hours and al ways have their eyes open, talk knowingly about midnight movements, and surprises, and gignntic undertakings sah rota. Others, of n speculative turn of mind, tell us what McClellan might do, and. oecasiuuntly warming into the potential mood, what lie must, shall, and will do. Nervous old gentlemen, and correspondents of country news papers. talk about nothing but assaults from lleau rognrd, and keep constant look-out upon the time- 0 table of the Northern railroads. But the main body of the people go on their way ns calmly ns ever, living and laboring, with festivities and merry-makings—eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage—as if War was not over shadowing their homes and hearthstones and d’eace had nut gone to sleep with Turks anti infidels. The prevailing feeling, however, is one of confi dence —confidence in the soldiers, in the ultimate triumph of our cause, and in the young commander who is working out the problem of peace and vic tory. Our position, nevertheless, is practically the same that it was two months since. The advance lines of our army are not more than two hours’ ride from Washington, and it is very well known that tho rebel pickets aro within sight of tho forts overlook ing Alexandria. It is said that they have been seen in the neighborhood of the Chain Bridge, above the city, but that point is so thoroughly guarded that nothing need be feared from their presence. They have batteries at Acquia Cacck, and there is a rumor in circulation that workmen are now throwing up entrenchments in the neigh borhood of Mount Vernon. The Pawnee stoamcil, down the I’otomae last evening, and wo may hear of a skirmish with llio rebels, if the statement in relation to their building batteries at that point is true. It is thought that the intention of the Con-, federates is. if possible, to open their communica tions with Maryland, and by throwing a largo body of men into that State threaten Washington from the southeast, and endeavor to effect a union with the rebels in Baltimore. Another theory is. that a column will attempt to cross the Potomac above tho city and cc-opernto with that below, and endeavor to interrupt our communications with -Baltimore and Annapolis, With the force we have under our immediate control, it is utterly impossible that either of those schemes can be made effective. Their feasibility, however, is discussed by tlie Southern journals, and there is no doubt but they have entered into the calculations of the Southern leaders. Thu state of affairs cannot lust'very Ion;;. Wash ington city is nothing more than the outpost of our military position. Look at the map anti you can cover with the; point of your finger the space of country which our troops arc knot™ to occupy. Fairfax is a morning's ride from the city, and there arc large bodies of the rebels there. The rebel en campments are in a semi-circle, each point resting on the Potomac, with Washington in the centre, and not more than a few miles distant. Large bodies of troops are being poured into Virginia daily. The recruiting sergeant is in every county of the South, and the conscription is far more vigorous than in France during the days of Napoleon. The South ern generals arc hourly strengthening their posi tions. with the evident intention of erecting a lino of fortifications between Baity's Cross itoads and Fairfax, and from thence to Centrevillc and Mu nnssas. Tins country is favorable for the construc tion of masked batteries. It is wooded, hilly, and traversed by roads which might be-easily obstruct ed. Before the insurgents evacuated Fairfax they had erected a line of earthworks on either side of the main road. These earthworks were merely in tended as a defence for infantry, and although clumsily made and hastily constructed, they wero placed in an excellent position, commanding two or three miles of open country, and could be easily made available for artillery guns of heavy calibre. AVitli an entrenchment Li!.-a ties. pv a 1.._. <--j-,.(■ i.T.r.ns. K.-urfnv.could nut be retaken by our troops without a battle. Fairfax once taken, with a large body of soldiers in reserve, it would seem to be the policy of our generals to move at once upon CcnireviUo.' If the heights around that town should be entrenched, as they undoubtedly arc,.another engagement would lmvc to be fought, —to be followed by a conflict at Bull Kun. and the final engagement at Manassas. Manassas must'fall'before. Washington can be surely safe. With Manassas in the hands of the Federal troops. McClellan can effect a junction -with Banks at Harper's Ferry, occupying Leesburg and Charlestown, extending the line to llomney, and, crossing the mountains, open the road to Phillippi, which is the advanced post of our troops in Western Virginia. This accomplished. Eastern Virginia is oiiee move in the Union, and then we can prepare for an advance upon Richmond. Every day's delay strengthens the rebels, ena bles them to erect new batteries, and will make the journey of our army through their country ex tremely difficult. Until we have taken Manassas. Washington city is merely on the defensive. Until we have taken Manassas. Maryland is not secure! With Mauassns as the base line of our operations, a column can easily be thrown towards the Rappa hannock. Then Norfolk and Portsmouth must fall,. giving to the Federal troops the key to the Caro-, linns. I would not be surprised if this were the aspect of the campaign in the autumn months. What our military plans will be, no one out of au thority knows. These arc the mere speculations of nu extremely peaceable civilian. - who never set a squadron in a field, nor the division of a battle knows more than a spinster.'' The very respectable people of Washington who belong to Iho old regime, and arc for the Union with'a kind of protest, are still talking of Charles James Faulkner, and take many ways of ex pressing their intense disgust that such a high-bred gentleman of Virginia should be in custody. The Kidionnl Intelligencer in a semi-editorial in small type, expresses its dissntisfuciiun in the mild est and most timid manner. After speaking of the rumor that Mr. Faulkner was placed in arrest, be cause expected to take charge of a Secession regi ment in Virginia, the Intelligence? s:i3's : “ lYe. of course, know nothing of tho grounds on which this statement is made, hut when we re member the freedom of movement allowed to officers of tho United States army and navy, who, in abandoning the service of tho national Govern ment. were known to do so with a.view- of.entering, the military service of the Confederate Govern ment. we may reasonably presume tlint rigor on this score would not be first exercised a't this late day towards a civilian like Mr. Faulkner. The friends of tho Administration should, in justice to its wisdom and. dUcretion in tliid matter, be careful to assign, in hypothetical.explanation of its eon duet. such good and sufficient reasons as have at least the merit of being probable.” Much surprise has been expressed at the tone of the Intelligencer in relation to Mr. Faulkner. If any act of the Administration should be singled out from the others as meriting especial praise, it would bo the arrest of the ex-minister. To have permitted his departure into Virginia would have been a con fession of utter weakness on the part of the Govern ment. If the Intelligencer wishes a “ hypothetical explanation,” let it consider, very briefly, that Mr. Faulkner has always been opposed to the Union ; that his nomination to Franco ivas opposed by every loyal man in tho North.-as an insult to the honest sentiment of the country ; that he time and again, during the last political campaign, uttered the most disloyal sentiments; that his course at the Court of Napoleon was in opposition to tho best in terests of the country ; that he was in constant com munication with the rebel commissioners while in Europe, giving them the advantage of his official position to pass from France into other European countries, and that in every sentiment and thought he is the enemy of the Union and tho friend of J ef ferson Davis. The argument of the Intelligencer would be more appropriate in the columns of tho Charleston Mercury .than in those of a high-ioned, conservative, and Union newspaper. To presume that Mr. Faulkner should not be arrested because “freedom of movement” was allowed to the trai torous officers of (ho army and navy, who aban doned their positions to take up arms against tho Government, is to presume that because wrong was tolerated in April it should he tulerated in August; that, because enemies of the Union were permitted to go with impunity then, they should have the same permission now. The Intelligencer knows very well that Mr. Faulkner is no friend of the Govern ment, and that if lio onec passed tho lines into Vir ginia lie would probably have Jefferson Davis’ com mission before a week was over, and be waging war upon the Government lie has so grievously misre presented. Mr. Faulkner may be very much of a gentleman, and very much of a Virginian, and, therefore, an especial favorite of the Intelligencer, but the editor of that journal should know that neither of these qualities can shield a -traitor from the’vigilanco of the law. The day of tolcralionfor treason has passed. Tho arrest of Mr. Robert Mure, in New York, as a bearer of despatches from Mr. Davis to the rebel commissioners, has occasioned considerable com ment. Mr. Mure is a brother of tho British consul at the port of New Orleans, and a subject of Great Britain, and there is every reason for supposing that before undertaking the dangerous task of eon TWO CENTS. vcying despatches to rebels in Europe he would have consulted with his brother, the consul. Ilis brother, the consul, is very popular in New Orleans, has lived there many years, has large business interests, and is, I believe, closely connected with the cotton trade. All hi; sympathies arc with the South ; he is ccrtniuly a Secessionist, and appenrs to have been prostituting his position a; the agent of a non trnl Government to serve the cause of tho Seccs sionists. Ido not know whnt action has been taken by the State Department, but I suppose his exequa tur will bo revoked by the Secretary of State, and the matter brought to the attention of the British Government. The foreign consuls in many parts of the South are efficient allies of the rebels, and in deed with many of the foreign ministers even here in Washington our Government finds but little sympa thy. Mr. Seward should cxerciso a rigid supervi sion over the ministers, consuls, and nttaehes now in this country, and, when once suspected of complicity with tho enemy, dismiss them to their respective courts. J. R. Y. PATRIOTIC LETTER FROM AN OLD-LINE DE- MOCRAT. [Fnr The Press.] Is the policy recently recommended by the De mocratic party in the States of New York, Ohio, and elsewhere, for peace compromise and a National Convention, calculated to assist, or to impede tho action of the Federal Government, in the prosecu tion of the war, and in the suppression of treason 1 Is pence, at the present time, patriotism or rebel lion? Is compromise fealty to the United States, or is it treachery? 1 propose to discuss this ques tion, and intend to handle it in such a manner as to remove every cause of misunderstanding it: A crisis is upon us; we are environed upon every side with difficulty ; traitors stalk abroad in noon day. openly professing sympathy with Yancey, Davis, Ac.; ramifications of lodges of K. G. C. have existed, and may now exist, in our towns and cities; dark muttering, occasionally escape from the lips of miscreants who would aid the rebels if they dare. Who have brought upon us this state of things ? Who have plotted and schemed secretly in their K. G. C. lodges to dissever the Union? Who but the Southern leaders of the Democracy ? Who are the parties who went from this city and State to Charles ton and Baltimore to assist in destroying the Go vernment'U Commence at the top with Senator Bigler'and descend to the botlom until you roach his brother-conspirator, Mr. Joseph Baker. Have not' these men ar.d their confreres in treason ren dered alt the assistance in their jiowcr to destroy the Government? Have any of them raised their voices against rebellion and in favor of the nation ? There can be r.o evasion of the terrible responsibi lity which these people: have incurred, in contri buting, by every method that their weak and ■ Wicltcd intellects could suggest, to bring about onr liationul disasters. In that defunct and polluted sheet. .The.P.eunsyh-auian. they found egress for their nefarious and treasonable thoughts. They openly preached'disunion. They encouraged the Southern conspirators by promises of aid, and'they forced their miserable hirelings, in every ward and township of Pennsylvania, .to' perforin their foul and loathsome task. r The disgraceful thing perished, when it could no longer lie fed by tho offal of tho Buchanan slaughtcr-hoiiae. Yi'ho are the parties that now cry out for peace, shout for compromise, anil halloo for a National Convention ? .IVlio arc they who denounce Presi dent Lincoln for having violated tho Constitution ? who but tho rump-end of tho Breckinridge'con spirators ? Breckinridge himself, in tho Senate,' Burnett, Vallnndigham, and Wood in the HoiisspJjf Eepircsentatives. and others of tho same stripe tii different parts of the country, have been aiul die busy to foment civil strife. h Peace in the present crisis is preposterous. It has for its object a cessation of arms by the National Administration, so as to enable rebel robbers and murderers to have the Unionists at their morcy. Peace, indeed, with assassins who have yobbed your house and have daggers at your threat.. This is the kind of peace that Breckinridge traitors de sire tts to have. Their intentions avc to paralyze the efforts of the nation, so as to enable the Seces sionists to destroy our Government. A "Is alional Convention, forsooth! For jrhat purpose ? Jo make concessions to armed traitors, to kindly allow us tp pass under tho yoke of the Southron, or -else to acknowledge him as an independent power. This Will never be tolerated by the people. . The debris of the Bueiiniianites is unable tp comprehend the Union feeling of the people, if it imagines that any peace or compromise can ever be made with armed traitors, other than an unconditional surfender. t lm-ve hecmfreiu my boyhood an admirer and an advocate of KepuMieim Democratic institutions. For the better part of twenty years I h.iTe clung tp and voted with the Democratic party. I have bcc, in a great many nominating Conveniions. I have voted for hundreds of Democratic.-Nominees, and never but twice voted against any candidate of my party. In the Democratic party are alt my politi cal friends and acquaintances. I have no syinpa thy or affinities with the Republican party; but mark, I say clearly and distinctly, if the Demo cratic party of this city in its forthcoming Conven tions, will not sustain tho war. and that trea son is to be crushed, I am against its nominations If it wilt carp at or censure the President for his necessary unconstitutional acts, I am against its nominations; if it will put a peace or compromise plank in its platform. I am against its nominations; if it will nominate any Breckinridge traitors or Bu chanan employees. I nui against its nominations. But if, on the other hand, it will repudiate the trea son lurking under the garb of peace and compro mise ; if it will set aside those impudent fellows who look the wage? and did the dirty work of Baker, Hamilton, and Company: if it will rise to tho dan gers and magnitude of the crisis: if it will squarely face the storm, and denounce the Southern conspi rators, then lam with it, and for it; for its nomi nations and its policy, ready, able, and willing to stand by it in victory or defeat. I would have been a candidate for Register of .Wills, but I dreaded that the -wire-pullers of the party might bo enabled to place men upon the ticket whom I could not conscientiously support. The Democracy has now :i fine opportunity to set itself right before the citizens of this county. Let it adopt a patriotic platform, and select a ticket of honest men. Union Democrats, whose hands are clear of Buciiananism and .Breckinritlgeism, and it is sure to be successful; but if it wilt play tho cow aril. ftieak or traitor, tlic" morning after the election in October there will be no Democratic party left. The insidious language of traitors finds vent in a variety of ways. "Oh'," says one, if the war goes on our taxes will grim! tts to the earth another, “wc are'.to have a military despotism.” Noy. if. as these croakers predict, all sorts of evils and misfortunes Will overtake ns, who arc to blame for all tills ? Who but those who have plunged tho nation in civil war ? AVKy do not, these -'miscreants 101 l their dupes that North ern and Southern traitors have brought upon us all our misfortunes? IVby do they not try to rouse up) every man to the danger that hovers over the-lie public ?. AVhy do..they, hot say that secession is treason, and that a vigorous prosecution of the war will make it shorter, and therefore leave our taxa tion less? Why do they not proclaim that Eng land's policy has been for years to encourage and foment dissensions among ns ? Why do they not say that if the traitors are successful in setting up their despotism that it is but the commencement of an entire dissolution of our system: that California sots up for itself, that Oregon goes next, west of the river Mississippi goes next, New England next, New York next, and so on to the end of tho chapter ? In view of this fearful future, we have bold, had men who gloat over tho fate of the Republic. Where would our own great Commonwealth go in the gene ral wreck ? It makes my blood boil when I think that wc have loathsome wretches among us. so lost to all honor and patriotism, so forgetful of the glo rious title of American citizen. The peace-mon gers and eoncessionists, by trying to destroy the con fidence of our people, prolong the war. A prolon gation of the war is an increase of taxation and a prostration of business. Munufuetories have to stop, thus empfloyers and employees are injured. More and more heavy loans have to be negotiated, and business is brought to a dead lock. To stteli a slate do the villainous muchhuuicns of the couees siouists tend. Now,.what is the duly of every good citizen ? Is it not to rebuke, upon election day, every nominee wliose record is not clean and whose pialriotism is suspected ? Every manufacturer whose mills are partially or entirely idle; every merchant whose business has been deranged ; every owner of real estate whose tuxes have been increased ; every per son who consumes an ounce of taxed tea, or a pound of taxed sugar; every laborer thrown out of em ployment : every man's wife whom this war makes a widow ; every child whom it leaves an orphan ; every soldier who perishes on the battle-field or by disease—all. all of these have to lay the blame of our woes and disasters at the doors of llie aiders and abettors and supporters of John C. Breckin ridge. Deinueruts, your nominations lmve nut, ns yet, taken place ; see that you will elect delegates who. at this fearful time, can rise to the dignity of pialriotism.. Sec that you will give us an unexcep tionable ticket, and tin able and patriotic platform, ltcbuke those impudent fellows who did Mr. Bu chanan's loathsome bidding. By pursuing a -wise policy, such as I have designated, you ate certain to carry the October election ; by pursuing a dif ferent policy, you will he beaten in Hie most dis graceful manner. By adopting the former course, I will help you to victory; by following the latter, I will array myself against you, and contribute to your utter defeat. • Joux Campbell. P. S.—l am_ now preparing a pamphlet, which will be issued immediately after the different nomi nations arc made. In it.’7 will ffiirly critic's* the claims of the different candidates on the tickets of both political parties. THIS WEEKLY PKESS. The Weekly Pnr-»s will b-' to subscvibots by in:til ()«■!' annum ia advance,) at S*i,oo Tlir<»e 1 Vivo <• {; l * ■f.OO “ 12. OD “ (t i one a,.Mr.'s*) UO.IpJ Tu.-i.ly ‘ Twi-hi) or ovi'*r t Ciu.li Mih.f riU-*]-,) crtPh.•, For i\ (Jlu!/ of I'wfijty-unu or ovvr, »c wiilneuti an extra ( opj- to tlio of the Club. W 3" J’o*tma*tu4 on.- rciucfeted to act a* Ageub Or TjIE \VEE£LV PftEaj, SKETCHES OF CITY LIFE. THE NEWSBOY In n newspaper. m in all mcchnnienl c‘dablish inents, there ore high ami low vocation*, all neoes' sary. but not equally remunerative or creditable. The Editor, seated iu his cosy library, knows little more than the outside world of the existences which move about him; the Reporter, ever agog for inci dents nntl scenes, too often forget* to narrate aai describe those most Intimately related' to his profes sion ; and the Printer, keenly attentive to the de tails of his art. does not think of the microcosm, of which he and his types form hut a part, whieh re volves with the rising and the setting of the sun, hearing with it a thousand care- and labors, n 1 thou sand modes and means, a thousand live; aud weari nesses. A newspaper commences its day at 12 o’clock. Then the printers assemble in the hare, broad com posing room, aud standing, in sliirt sleeve-, at then? several cases, proceed to distribute the type which they set the day before. The “ devils” ply between the editors and the office, with copy for the .several departments of the next issue; and the foreman and proof-reader proceed to fulfil their respective functions, with red eyes and dogged faces, still bearing the traces of the past night’s cares. At seven o’clock the pressmen are oiling anil adjusting the great cylinders, bands and wheels ; the clerks in the front office have written up th« envelopes for the next day's heavy mail, and the lights in the composing room are flickering aai blazing in the twilight, the oiseless manipulations of the type-piclccrs broken only by occasional calls from the foreman, and the low hum of the proof readers. reading and correcting by copy. In the little corner room, the views of the politi cian, the snarls ami puff; of the critic, the bombast of the orator, and the numbers of the poet, are be ing conned and crossed, and treated, in a most prosaic vein, which, if their authors could over hear, might blush at the nonsense they have made. The outside—by which we mean the first and. last pages of a folio—goes to the press at 16 o’clock. The heavy forma are dragged across the floor, from the intge imposing stone, and buckled to it chain and wheel, by which they are lowered to the cellar below. Iu a few moments they ore prona upon the bed ; the bands are fixed to the wheets , the feeders are at their place?, and, with a gushing of steam, mid a jerk of the piston in the corner, the huge cylinder; revolve, anil the sheets roll off at either cr.d, where they accumulate iu great dampened piles. At two o'clock, the last editor and the last re porter have gone home ; half the compositor; pro absent; the remaining foreman has a lagged and sleepy face, and llie proof-render. in the little room, stirs up the assisting “ devil ” with his boot, as that small functionary goes off into short nap; in the midst of this editor's most beautiful sen tences. The old pie woman anil her daughter hare soil put -the lastcUp of coffee, aud parted with the list pic and roll.' In the alley outside, the single gas lamp; has .been turned off, anil some miserable beings alouo aro. seen skulking in; the gateway, houseless and, friendless. Even the courtezans— those birds "of Ihemidnight—have gone home de spairing. and the deep stroke of the boll in tiia Slate House i3' heard only by darkness and tins echoes. ' - Then the inside forms, with the latest-by tele* graph, are ready for the press. The fly-wheels re volve again, the steam gushes from the tube by tk» cellar, -and, one by ope, the sheets drop out, to ba borne by the early trains to tens of thousands aC readers. Employees of a new character now come upon the scene —the niw&oys. Ah! there are strange moa nod women in this world o£ ours, and the strangest; people its great citios; but the strange children are the strangest of nil—God help them! Whu that* have seen the newsboys, in the full heat of day, tyhpu the New York mails have come in, ani the evening'*• extras” are halloed at the corner, know anjrtjiipg of.the dawn anil midnight iu which these squalid children bear a part ? Ami who knows anything of their homes and the existences bound up in theln, the destinies which those young errant; vHL fulfil, and tlm privations, which they do hot‘feet: having known ho luxuries of which liicy were deprived ? It is. as wo have Said, throe o’clock A. M., ahl the paper Is steaming from the pres;. The news boys come from their hiding-places. There is onB who has slept in an. old carpet beside the boiler, and two who creep from a pile of boards, where they have dreamed *sincc midnight; a fourth crawls from a sink-of old bricks and ruins around tho corner. where he laid his head upon a charred plunk anil caught cold in his neck,-so that ho wilt have no voice to .-peak of to-morrow beside “Smig gy Smith,” who has lungs like bellows. There are five who went home with the pie woman nnd4edgcd on tiie kitchen floor at a charge of three cents per head, and-another &mnll party .that had a “bully snooze” in a certain untenanteil shed on tka wharf, whore they crept in by a torn place, and thought themselves blessed. That little fellow with a patehed jacket and bare footed, has an old mother whose cup of coffee and calico gown were bought from his earnings. Heaven knows where she would have been had not Mr. Heomm figured in the late prize fight and so mado a demand fur the “Extra!” There is one with a smeared face anil thick matted hair, who approaches with a sad countenance, as if the late panic had ruined his hopes. He is “broke,” having played curds with a bootblack and lost atl his riches, and, being his fourth offence, the office refuses to start him with papers. So he falls upon the charities o£ his fellow artists and wishes to he “setup" with six Presses. “ Smiggy Smith” kindly volunteers one Press, on condition that “Buster Wiggins’’ goes two. To equalize the matter a certain “ Jim my Iliekey” promises three, aud so the young blackleg is again upon his feet. To exhibit his sa tisfaction he goes through some steps of a noisy jig, and the assistant pressman at once takes him by tlio neck ar.d sets him outside of the door. All these, squalid, half-naked, noisy and profane, gather in the cellar, under the shadow of the press, its whirr half drowning tlieir c-lamor; and as, one by one, they are served with papers, they speed away, by twos and fours, some to catch the first railway train, others to ride to Fruukford or Her niaiitown, anil hawk their sheets upon the main street; mul others to surprise the hotels, or supply the early mechanics for the navy yard ; all with some separate design, and full of that energy which ha; made men rich and famous, and can do so II is not uncommon for the newsboys, thus wait ing their •■turn.” to indulge in sundry wranglus essential to their restless natures, but sadly out of place in well-conducted places. Allien a new comer makes his appearance. lie is at cnee besot. The -'hoys” cannot tolerate rivalries, and do their best to intimidate competition. A child comes up with a ticket from the office, and loiters timidly about the doer. • VVlmt do you want. you. sir ?” says a small boy, approaching very close, -'you shan't sell on tn'y ■stand ! If you do. I’ll licit you!" You go way." says another: •• you ain't got no right around here. Less sec your ticket, hub !” ■■ He's got it lurkut 1W twenty." says a third ; “ you can't sell twenty ! Gi‘ me six !” •■No. 1 wont !” says die ncw-comer. “ Then 111 lick you! AVont we. Shuiggy ? You go way. now, or I'll belt you under the iip ! ” Forthwith there is a fight, in which.the new arrival is drummed considerably. It' lie perseveres, they finally succumb, and receive him into the fra ternity. But at any exhibition of tears or fears, lit, is called a “ blubherer,” and summarily chastised, and the system of tyranny, so inaugurated, is con tinued down to the end of his newspaper connec tion . The profanity of these children begins with their trade? and they are familiur with all description of oaths. Indeed, one might think that they swear in order to protect themselves; for ivo have heard urchins Scarcely six years old give vent to perfect blunderbusses of profanity, sparing in their in vective neither relative nor enemy, These oaths are sometimes littered by urgnns of voice not per fectly formed, and the strange sounds of profane prattle and infants lisping curses too often startle the nerves in the vicinity of the press-room. Yesterday (Sunday) morning we strolled through an alley leading to The l’i ess composing room, and suddenly came upon five lads, who were playing marbles upon the pavement. One of them hail swindled us to the amount of twenty eenls, a mouth before, having been donated this sum to buy papers, but using it to deposit a “row ” at tho lottery pulley shop. •■ Hallo." said we, “have you anything to say for yourself?” ■■ I bought papers." said the boy sullenly, “ but got ■ bust' again. My daddy took the money from me. Didn't lie. Bill ?" ■■No. lie didn't." said Bill: “ You put 'em in oil a'gig.' and didn't ltil.” “ Mister, won't yon set mo up oh six Transcripts!"- “ Set us all up. Mister 1" said the other three, • you gol plenty o'soap. AVonTyou ?” AVc then interrogated tbe young policy dealer as to his family, lie hod no mother living, and his father had been “below” as a •• wagraut,” alter nating between tho ind's aunt and the prison. He loved rum. from all accounts, and once or twice started out to sell papers himself, but signally fail ed. and then robbed Iris sou. The boy bail a sister, who,he believed, lived at “some place out country," but of her whereabouts lie knew nothing definite, and said in conclusion that lie “didn't cure much." He was sixteen years old, and could read a little— enough to spell tint the head lines to tho telegrams. Hadn't nny definite idea of soon being a man, anil hadn't thought particularly of following any tradc._ Would liko two cents to buy an ear of hot corn, it' Mister pleased, and. under limitations, would nob bu.v more •• rows” at the policy shop. The boy pawed the ground with his bare foot, like a horse, as he said these things-, and wiped Ilia nose frequently with his eoat sleeve. Ho spent his Sundays •• down Jersey" when ho had any change, and had not quite forgot a long time ago when ho went with his •■ minty” to morning mass. The other newsbovs listened with half-intelli gent faces, where reason wns feebly glimmering through strong nnirnal features, and in the end they scrambled for some nickels with a yell and it curse, aud vanished round the corner. (to a.Mivl, cl