THE PRESS.
pitIMLSOED DAILY, (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED,
BY JOHN W. FORNEY,
OFFICE 80. 417 CHESTNUT STREET.
DAILY PRESS,
iva ys MTH FIR West, payable to WV:Corder,
het to !Mime berm oat of the City at gm Doz.:Axe
fig voIITS. 1 7 0111 BOLLIX/ YON MIGHT Moems,
Tops DOLLARS TOR 81.1. MONTHS-4IIVSNAbIy in lA
ciao for th e time ordered.
TRI-WEEKLY PRESIL
"Wed to Sotoori term out of the City st Timm Doz.-
Las rot ANNUM, •111 SAITSOOO.
lIIII , LINERY GOODS.
L .,, TR Avir AND MILLINERY GOODS.
OUR ENTIRE STOCK
.01e and Fashionable goods,
AT
PRICES TO SUIT THE TIMES,
LINCOLN, WOOD, & NICHOLS.
S L' } lir BATS-SPECIAL NOTION.-
me n of STRAW and PALM-LEAF HATS
et find RE&T HARGAINs, in deairablo goods, at
LINCOLN, WOOD, & NICHOLS,
Ito. CHESTNUT Street,
- 1,1 fNoll
FRAMES.
FRENCH .`LO,--W
STRAW GOODS.
of, LATEST STYLES CONSTANTLY 12,
Tgos. KENNEDY & BRO.
No . 729 CHESTNUT Street, below EIGHTH.
i *tro
LOOKING GLASSES.
t i oOKING - 0 - LASSES.
p r de, tilibiting mut *ovulating new lilt 'brow
ren
I.OOIEING-GL4SSES,
esoinox all the Wed improvements and feettitles in
e natraeturs.
e m et n ovelties In Wahint and Gold and Reeesnfred
,AGold Frames for MIRRORS.
The meat extensive said varied assortment Is Ike
outr7.
VOLES S. GAEL & EON,
EARLE 8' GALLBAIRS,
816 AHF.8711117 873 UMW.
CARPMINGS.
FRESH OANTON MATTING.
3. P. & E. B. ORNE,
OPPOSITE STATE HOWLS,
iSTII ROW OM OW
SPRING IMPORTATIONS
OF
DOUBLE LIAM IMPERIAL .
PURPLE, and
KED COIEWIED
CANTON MATTING_
ta ALL THE DIFFEE-ENT 'WIDTHS. AT
NIODERATE PRICES.
LT. E. Cc E. B. ORNE,
0.04112 OPPOSITE STATE HOENE-
GROCERIES,
T D FAMILIES RESIDING IN THE
RURAL, DISTRICTS.
We are prepared, as heretofore, to supply families at
AT Comm Residencies with every deaoriptton of
FMB TEAL &c., tee.
LLBERT 0. ROBERTS
COMSI SLEVEZI7II. AND VINE STREETS
2)3
EXCELSIOR HAMS.
H. MICHENER & CO.,
SERER/kis PROVISION DP#J WA&
4WD CVEXOS OP vice
CSLEERATED
"EXCELSIOR"
law AND 144 VORTEL FRONI NTKEI6II
%Imes At and Rua Si:mama
PRIDADIMPRIA.
tegolly-oelebrated Ezoolstor Rams We cured by
x. ,tAil* *similar , to themosPres), ez
ryafort:m.lv iis4 ; are of debolous lISTOrs free Irons
r.lnvplowat Tare of salt, and are pronounced by epi-
VC manor to EMT tow °Herod for solo. spl3-3m
BANKING.
RICHENER & Co., I
BANKERS ,
Na. so SOUTH THIRD STREET.
TIME PAPER NEUOTLATED.
21,LECTIOng
T ON B I A MlOrty MLL ACCF-138IBLE
1I U
tas Ann scams nOIIGHT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION
rnotrrent Bank Notes bought at the lowest
pe of Disacent.
:IN for We on England and Ireland. InrlB-satuthim
krifitiST .BIibMONT tom. t t 3.5
HA N
50 WALL STREET, NEW YORK,
Ali GUMMI of aridav. Ulr MiTait&ble in al
"nor Elms, throadi the Mem". Rotlinotald a NA
lienden, FISIIIOII, Moles, Vienna, and Vaal' iror
CABINET FAIBP.fITURE.
CABINET FURNITURE AND BEG.
LIA RD TABLES.
MOORE en CAMPION.
No. dot GOUTS a.ECOND errBV.S7,
emesetion with their extenoire Cabinet neurigieles.
ri hew manufacturing a =manor article or
BILLIARD TABLEI3, _
ti here now on band a full en i r swam n th
r/OZE & ceramics , Pitf , DVED CUSHIONS.
v.. 1, are promov.roed. 1.4 all who More used Wei VI
Money to all others.
For the quality and Galosh Or those Tables the mans
'surem refer to their nruaoroom narrows throughout
.I: ,, ucir.u.who are familiar with the characterof their
rot.
FREIGHT NOTICES.
VOTIOE TO SHIPPERS OF FREIGHT.
"—ln pursuance of notice from the Taylor anthori
-a grade forwarded by way of the Ell LADEap
LW. AND READING RAILROAD, to t States of
51108011ftI,_ if EN TUOSY,
TENN EBB BE, Lan VI Rent Ia ,
'ln be diameter marked " Not Contraband," and,
".21enleath these words, the name of the ktletkor. The
!Lao .'Pt r < tttet ales be marked as above. And
code of aradesenption will be forwarded to elates
!nth of the above named.
loom ABA WHITNEY. President.
TOILET AND FANCY ARTICLES.
- i(i1:1 WART WIIISKEESS
DO YOU wArcr WHISKERS
Bo you WANT A 111011STACHEt
DO You WANT A NOUNTACISE/
BEILIAINGIVI"S
gISLEBRATED STIMULATING
ONG
P " =HE 19/1111XERIg .4 AND HAUL
tae nitecribers take pleaeare in aanonnoiait to the
t4 ' l4 of the United Otatoe that they have. obtained
Arency for. and are now enabled to offer to the
" n, ari public the above justly-celebrated and
r odd-renowned article.
, THE 'STIMULATING OIieIJENT
-°3 P 4 reti by Dr. C. Y. BELLINOHAIdi an eminent
R•Trolu i of London, and in warranted to bring outs
Llet tat of
liISSERN, OIL A IaoIneTAGILE
4.1T0m itime to ALT week,. This artjole in the Mae
ote of the kind used by the Frenoh, and in London and
? Ira it is in =Tarsal use.
It u rk beautiful, economical, snubbing". yet Mullah
wmpound, aotmg as if by matte upon the spots.
)2 1 1 , 3 1 ti beautiful groiith of luxuriant bap it rye.
ro i4 DO3lll IL Mill Quo tniaio , 2r7, z tt
_ rowth of
Din the plane of the ba ld spot... ant will tam
ic f ,",Z. T. Applied eccording to directions.
o n . tow!' hair pang, and Tenure gray
. .hair_tiLir .
TaTa colo r ,. leaving it soft, smooth. an d sent. ,
„ , UNGUENT" is an indispensable article may
i'illpont toilet. and after one Whorl woo they Iron
a allogidbilition, be without it.
t,:aribers axe the only f or the article
6 e i4 4 . United Statea. to whom au orders must be ad
-15,,ra Ott dollar a box t
i for Nals_lorVLDriil eta and
t e .,. ior box of the ti UNDUE. warnua lm k"
Q; desired efroot. will be sent to any who desire
' t all. direct. seourely wired, on receipt of price
Innate. *Lia. Apply to. or addresn
NORAGT., Eft =OSMAN .8c co..
Diluents, &a
INERT 24 WILLIAM Street. Pies York.
tic ei)..lfo. :MS North SECOND Street, Pig
Acenti, IlhlS-3211
O PA L DENTALLINA.—We apook from
r i tactical experience when ming that the OPAL
p RI M*UNA mad dec i de dly . BRIBN, of BROAD and
rtb Etreeta. il. the moan 'repast:ton
lc e ," Meath and Nit that we hays ever need. We
(2 , 3 ; fulfils all d ChliMed lor it. 61111 DOM TO
1174:MdAitile
a moat eminent dentists wt:M al
Rtiddia.
51 a8 t . JAMES BETTS' VELIBBAT.ND
DOrtgZOKTERB FOILLAPIEZI. ond the J 91 21 747 - d
.„13.:er eminent Medlolll PatrOliag e. way on
are respectfully remtpeeted to ;V T stmet.
(erJti at lbw residence, 10 3 9 last
te l l y ,F2/.utiv (tO avoid ootinterfeits.) sty thousand
ti "4 two boon advtool than. raminelli,,.,l42 Yse
va i nsoces. Those only aye renzgrle --
nota i.m r ioso t escooy o rli i . labels on tn. box. and mili
tel ypi kaua ra • onortornontk tortiimosoao
VOL. 4.-NO. 263.
DV-Y.6001)S FOBBEKS.
SPRING OPENING
P
CLOTHS, CASSIMERES, VESTIEM,
LADIES' CLOARINGS„
And all goods suited to
MEN AND BOYS' WEAR,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
AT
a SOMERS & SON'S,
6110 CHEISTNUT !Street, under JAYNE'S NALL
ntlid.Sm
spRING. 1861.
J. T. WAY & 00 4
es
In ma moi7rllll4IRD ITREET.,
IMPORTNNB AND TOBBNREI
or -
DRY GOODS.
ORR: VIDOR t 3 lINIFERAAAY AARON AMP
f•Sit-SIR COMPLEIN.
1861.
DALE. ROSS. & 00.,
rums
DALE, ROM, & WITEERZ,
140. 521 MARK= 13TM/IU,
NAT* now open their fall
SPRING IMPORTATIONS
or
SILKS
AND
FANCY DRESS GOODS.
no
attention of DASH BUYERS ja2Min
vited. ilthriL
COMMISSION HOUSES.
GRAY FLANNELS.
BLUE-GRAY FLANNELS.
GRAY FLANNELS.
BLUE-MIXED FLANNELS.
THE CHEAPEST IZ WR ZIMRKET,
GRAY FLANNELS.
SOX SAXE
BY TEE FIEOE OE BALE.
FOR CASH,
JOSHUA L. BAILY.
mOl5-tf NO. US MARKET STREET.
w For_miNa.
001 1 PI_N &
ie. 114 CHESTNUT STREET,
AGENTS FOR TJTh 'S&LE OT
DONNELL MPG CO.'S PUNTS AND LAWNS.
SNEENE MFG. CO.'S TURKEY BED AND STAPLE
PRINT&
Fine Bleached Ccdtans.
JAREDALE , ROPE, BLAOKETONE, SLATERS
VILLE, JAMEISTOWN. REP BATA, OREENE,
11011011, AND BEIVIDERE.
Brown Cottons.
ETHAN ALLEN, MT. ROM. FREDON/Al% ET
TRICK, OHIO, GROTON. VIRGINIA FAMILYAND
RIMS AND
LONSDALE CO.'B NANKEENS AND SILESIAS.
GLASGOW CORSET JEANS. -
BOTTOMLEY'S BLACK AND GLKNEAM CO.'S
FANCY MIXED CLOTHS.
STEARNS AND SAXTOIrs JuirF.H. CASSIMEREO.
GREENFIELD CO.'S BLACK DOESKINS.
RODMAN'S FINE JEANS, DOUBLE AND TWISTED
GAISSIMB.RES, NEGRO CLOTHS.
MINOT. BARB Brag) OBICEITAL Britnian,7ollE
-1111118, BRIDGEWATER , AN D DEIsToL
SATINETS. fel9-tf
SHIPLEY, HAZARD,. tt EUTOWNSON,
PIO. 112 CREISTNUT
OOMMISSION MERORANTS,
FOR TRE MLLE OF
PETILADELPHIA - NAVE
m
GOODS..
intas-e
MERCItANi s TAILOR
v , 0. THOMPSON,
iCA•
MERCHANT TAILOR,
N. E. CORNER WALNUT AND SEVENTH ST.,
Announces s New Stook of
FINE !PROW AND SUMMER SINFERLALS. FOR.
GENTLEMEN'S WEAR,
Consisting in pert of very immble Myles of super
Frenoh and English Melton CLOTHS, COATINGS.
CASSIMERIOL /to., 'talented with envois' care end
reference to the manta of a DISCRIRLDIATITIG AND
FASTIDIOUS CUSTOM.
Re offers the following inducements for your Pa
tronage Good Material, a Perfect Garment, and
Po=oiusllts and Precision In the execution of el
orders.
INSPECTION IS RESPECTFULLY INVITED.
apl.l-tutius-2m.
fdl-I
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
THE DOCTRINE AND POLICY
61
PROTECTION,
:Hz
HISTORY OF OUR TARIFFS,
TROIE TIM
ORGANIZATION OF THE FEDERAL GOVERN
MENT TO THE PIERENT TIME.
BY DR. WILLIAM ELDER.
now that a desperate assault is being mese upon the
new Tariff to prejudice the public in advance against it,
and. if possible. to have it repealed, it is important that
its friends should be prepared to combat the specious
Arta:nate ef its antazonhita, nothing will MUD'
serve We Purreee then the circulation of the pamphlet
whose title is quoted above, which is one of the ablaut
and most interesting documents that have ever appeared
in support ails true American policy of fostering the
Erma lade/trial intends of our country. It Will be
fororesded by mail or express for 10 Gouts per single
copy 711 cents per dozen 110 per hundred. /Miele
BINGWALT & BROWN,
apl-tf Na. 34 3011TH THlRDStrechrhiludollihui,
BOORS, LAW AND MISOKLLANEOUS,
new and old, bought, sold, and exchanged at the
PHILADELPHIA-BANK BOOK STORE, No. 419
CiiESTri UT Street. Libraries at a distance parchased.
*hr. iwinng Books to sell. if at a distance. will state
their names, aim. binding' dates, editions, anasa,
and eorkaitiona. WANTED—?ease printed by Benja
minFraught', as well . as ear y Books printed in and
l lr t ied " . a 7TVriihieta t°g OrPerts t rl r r s a=ffirs k a rlitaCw;
h ritircif i.n erase. lent fi le. LlNSJorleernigarnmilipedß.g.,..
PATENT STUDS! a
PATENT STUDS!
file improved Patent Lever Spiral awing S APETY
l i al)b, and the Pateat PRA N CKfaßk. having
been thoroughly tested, and tioggeseing advantages over
every other invention, are being very generally adopted
by Gentlemen of taste.
Sold Wholesale and Retail ONLY by
ELI HOLDEN,
708 MARKET STREET,
Importer of Clocks, Watches, and *weary.
aplS-stathern
1 FINE WATCH REPAIRING.
PERSONS Hevina Fitts WATIMIN
that have hitherto given no satisfaction to the
testers, are malted to bring them to our 0311501rhare
all defeats ton be remedied by thoroughly . tiVital end
seientifio Workmen, and the watch wen ma to gwe
WOO mitidnotioo.
Mantel Cloaks, Maxima Bones, tie., motility Mit In
somplete order.
FARR & BROTHER,
intianrters °Matches, hinuno.lHonen. Moon.wok &o.
CiilieVUUT street, below ?.
WRITING AND LEDGER PAPERS.— 1
We have now on hand, and are manufacturing
co order, at the Monet Roily Paper Mile, t de
annption 01 rift/TING AND LP.DGER PAYERS.
whloh,
_for color and unahly. ass not excelled any
other Mlle in the United States.
We would call attention to a new article of Pager
manufactured by no, and now for
mewaled Bustnes
Letter. whjah bee been soma up to the wants of
engine,' men and More, who oWect h e
wa nt s
Note se belle too narrow, and do not wish to nee pert
of usual letter sheet.
Thu overcomes both the above objeohons ; is • per
fect sheet. sure wove ; plate finish ; sled on one aide
stamped in rntre eel r the top; made iron best nur
terial tree rom adulteration. and Ptri up in seat
11110evelllelir Or use,
We also have a paper called Bank Letter, sinljllo to
lines
on.above, except it has but half the number of
on, so se to allow a panted blank or heactinpabove,
incearruri & rauLLiv
EROCAV v
blogt 15prm tlumeertans,l, ta.
Pee. 3me ILDffinit WatfeargitC4filizi,
. .
c • • .... .
. ,
- — 4,-
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, t :":_ - ,_-, - vO" a k...:. : Z-‘, ', 4 ., ,MA,,, 1 • : .T,,,.. ,-
....,,,,,412. • -„!
I. - I OM" :i - :,
1 , , .
: Ell r: • .II
,
ytm.t., _ .._._
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.-- I llit:''t -1 .1 1-• '..: ~ tl' •.. • ' '' • '
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--". • ' -''' ulil ... - . -----
.. 4' ,. * -.i 4, ' - -'=-;.-- -,- .Z.. --
1'
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JEWELRY, &c.
gl j t Vrtzs
TUESDAY, JUNE 4, 1861
Knighthood.
TITLES OF HONOR.—No. 2
The British Government, anxious to confer
personal distinction, at a cheap rate, upon its
most distinguished servants in India, is about
instituting a new Order of Knighthood for
that Empire. The New York albicm, our best
authority upon British matters, tells us ct it is
now decided that the color of the riband of
the new Order of Indian Knighthood is to be
light blue, edged with white, in order to pre
vent its being confounded with the ribanda of
St Patrick and the Hanoverian Gnelphic Or
der, which are both light blue. The Viceroy
of India will be the Grand Master of the Or
der for his time being, and, whatever his rank
may *be nominally, he will enjoy the same
power as that held by the Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland in regard to the Order of St, Patrick,
and have similar powers of investiture. The
selection of the effigy of the Queen as the
distinguishing feature of the badge of the Or
der is in correct taste. There would have
been serious objections to dedicating this Or
der to any Christian saint, besides shocking
the prejudices of our great Indian feudato
ries."
Should this new Chivalric institution give
rank like the other British Orders of Knight
hood, some of its members, at least, will be
entitled to the distinctive «Sir» before their
Christian names.
The Victoria Cross, instituted in 1856, was
to be made from cannon taken in the Crimean
War, to reward signal acts of bravery, and,
in 1857, it was extended to reward acts of
bravery wherever performed : it has been dis
tributed largely among the soldiers of India
for personal prowess. The idea, however,
was not original, but borrowed from the Iron
Cross of Prussia, instituted by Frederick-Wil
liam 111., In 1812, to reward his subjects for
the sacrifices which they were called upon to
make in behalf of their country, and espe
cially to commemorate the generosity with
which, when the public treasury was empty,
they poured into it their family plate and per
sonal ornaments of gold and silver, and jewel
ry, to defray the expenses of the war against
Napoleon. The Legion of Honor, instituted
In France, in 1802, as the reward of distin
guished services, civil as well as military, was
undoubtedly meant to prepare the French for
the resumption of monarchical titles which the
Revolution of 1789 had abolished.
The Knightage of Great Britain is composed
of the following Orders :
.Knights of the Gar
ter, the Thistle, the Bath, St. Patrick, St.
Michael and St. George, the Guelphs of
Hanover (snchns were made before the acces
sion of Victoria, when the Kingdom of Hano
ver passed under the rule of her uncle,Ernest,
Duke of Cumberland, as next male heir,)
and Knights Bachelor. There formerly were
Knights Banneret, persons knighted nnder the
royal standard displayed in open war. Thus,
In his play of it King John," Shakspere makes
Philip Faulconbridge declare his reputed
father
"A soldier, by the honor•giving hand
of Cour-de-Lion, Enighted in the field."
It is not exactly known when this distinction
was last conferred. There was a distinction
made giving higher honor to those who re
ceived the accolade from the monarch's own
hand, on the field, and those who received it
there, from the . King's commander. The last
Edgehill, in 1642. It has been contendea,
hiowever, that when George 111., in 1773,
knighted five naval officers on board the Bar
fleur man-of-war, then bearing the royal etand
ard, these officers became bannerets, and that
a similar honor resulted from the knighting of
Captain Trollops, on board the Royal Charlotte
yacht in 1707. Sir Harris Nicolas, who wrote
a standard book on Knighthood, says that this
is erroneous, since the royal standard was
neither displayed in an army royal," nor in
an "open war," nor were banners delivered
to any of these officers.
Although John Smith would become cc Sir
Jobn" if created a Baronet, he would not be a
Knight. The order of Baronetcy, below the
nobility and at the head of the gentry, carries
the title from father to son, and was created
in England, by James 1., in 1611; in Ireland,
by the same King, in 1610 ; and in Scotland, by
Charles L, in 1620. King James, " the wisest
tool in Christendom," wanting money very
badly, and, not wishing to add to the peerage,
invented the rank of Baronet, conferred upon
certain of the gentry whe bad creditable de
scent, and an estate of at lettet £l,OOO a year
in lands, equivalent to £3,000 a year now.
The stipulation was that each person receiving
the title WWI, pey into the Exchequer about
£1,095, being ostensibly three years' pay of
thirty soldiers, at eight pence a day, the
fiction being that these soldiers were to de
fend the rights of the Crown to the Irish
province of Ulster, forfeited to the King by
wholesale attainter of the original and lawful
owners. The King pledged himself to the
new Baronets that no hereditary dignity should
ever be created to intervene between them and
the peerage. At first, the Order was limited
to two hundred persona. Thu was breken
through long since, and there are DOW proba
bly a thoneand Baronets. In 1612, when a
decree respecting the precedence of Baronets
was published, it was ordained that their eldest
sons, if of full age, might claim from the
Crown to be created Knights, without the
payment of any of the customary fees. This
clause was actually thenceforth inserted in all
the patents issued up to the 19th December,
1027, when George IV. revoked this portion
of the decree. However, he clearly did not
exert a retrospective action upon families
whose patents gave the right in question.
Payment of money will no longer purchase
the title of Baronet; and the only remaining
trace of its original connection with Ulster is,
that Baronets put upon their shields the arms
of that province, namely cr the red band" of
the O'Neills.
When Ulster was invaded by the Scots, tra
dition tells us there was among them a war
rior named O'Neill. Mindful of an old pro
phecy that he who first touched the land
should rule it, this warrior, finding others
heading him, placed his left band on the gun
wale of his boat, struck it off at the Wrist with
his sword, flung it upon the rocky shore, and,
allowed to have complied with the terms of
the prophecy, was given supreme rule in the
conquered province, upon whose armorial
shield was placed the red or bloody hand of
O'le ell!, which still remains there.
As it to commemorate the terms upon which
the rank of Baronet was originally granted,
the patent confirming this title still records
the sum of money paid, and is always accom
panied by a discharge from the Exchequer, as
if the stipulated sum of £1,095 had really been
paid
In one instance, a baronetcy was conferred
upon a female—namely, upon Dame Mary
Bolles, of Ashburton, who received that dig
nity in 1685, with remainder to her heirs
whatsoever. Except in rare cases, the succes
sion is to the ig heirs male of Ins body law
hilly begotten."
Of the existing Baronetage, Scotland fur
nishes one.sixth, and Ireland about one
seventh, while the main bulk or the Order is
British. This proportion holds good with re
ference to extinct baronetcies. Until 1830, no
attempt was Jowly to treat of Satinet Bsronet
cies in a book. Sir William Courthope, in
that year, published g 4 A Synopsis of the Es
ti-ads: of n a each rQTl creation ,
e age
with
t f EL e ud i t:h e e successio n''marriagescontaining of
and the
f
Baronets, and their respective
time of death. This is a closely-printed
volume of 200 pages poet Ovo. It omits many
of the extinct baronetcles. Still, we learn
from it that, from May, 1611, until February,
1836, as many as 1,725 haroneteiea had Men
created, of which 888 are extinct. lint this
ituantwanDowir TUEL4Y, JUNE 4, 1861.
list omits most of the Irish and Scottish bare.
nets created previous to the accession of Wil
liam 111.
Among the eitinet Baroneteles are some
conferred upon parties residing in Sweden,
Holland, France, Flanders, the Leeward
Islands, Surat in the East Indies, Jamaica,
Cadiz in Spain, Frankfort in Germany, St.
Christopher's, Dominica, Massachusetts, Cal
cutta, and Antigua. Among the English
baronetcies still existing are Gooch, Lieuten
ant-Governor of Virginia, created November
4, 1746; Johnson, of New York, created No
vember 27, 1775; Wright, Chief Justice and
Governor of Georgia, created December 8,
1772; and Eden, Governor of Maryland,
created 19th September, 1776. This last mar
ried the sister of Viscount Baltimore, also of
Maryland, whose title became extinct in 1774.
These four American baronets are now repre
sented in England, by legitimate successors
in their hereditary titles..
There are no Knights-floweret now, but
there are Knights-Bachelor. These are gen
tlemen who have received Knighthood from
the Sovereign without being enrolled in any
order, or who have Knighthood conferred
upon them by patent. There were Knights-
Bachelor long before orders of knighthood
were instituted. Until the reign of Charles
IL, every man who held a knight's fee of
land immediately of the Crown, was com
pelled, on coming of age, to receive the order
of Knighthood or pay a fine for exemption.
When military tenures were generally abolish
ed, after the Commonwealth, this exacting
practice was abolished.
The ceremonials were formerly very Im
posing—including a sort of previous pupilage
or service as Esquire to a Knight; winning
his spurs by some gallant feat; watching
his armor, by night, in a chapel; investi
ture ; cincture with arms ; putting on golden
spurs, (this last usually, done by some "ledge
faire,") and, receiving the accolade—a gen
tle blow upon the neck or shoulder, with
the fiat blade of the honor-giving sword.
Usually the Sovereign gives the accolade,
but, formerly, any gallant knight of a certain
standing could confer knighthood. Thus,
Francis 1., King of France, received knight
hood from the sword of Chevalier Bayard,
the warrior, to eau peur et sans reproehe."
Thus, in Sir Walter Scott's drama of cc Hall
don Hill," young Adam Gordon, instead of
asking knighthood from the sword of the
Regent of Scotland, begs it from Sir Alan
Swinton, who had slain his father, but was
"bravest of the brave" on that battle-field.
Thus, too, in lc The Lady of the Lake," when
the Douglas is arrested in Stirling Park, and
the Commons are rising to rescue, he to the
loading soldier said
4, Sir John of Hyndford 'twas my blade,
That knighthood en thy shoulder laid."
About the reign of Henry VIII., the power
of conferring Knigthood----mrcept by regnant
monarchs or regent princes—began to be limi
ted to commanders of armies, and for services
done in open war. From time to time it has
been also conferred by royal commission. At
present, when the grantee is necessarily ab
sent, the vc style, title, and dignity of a Knight
of the United Kingdom" is conferred by let
ters patent. The first instance occurred in
1777, the second in 1793, the third in MOO,
but it has been very frequent since.
The British Sovereign. and the Viceroy or
Ireland alone can confer Knighthood upon
British subjects. We do not know when, or
how, the Lord Llentenant of Ireland Obtained
the right. After the Union, it was challenged'
on the part of the Crown, but the twelve
English Judges to whom the King In. council
Of course, half the world will recollect how the
Duke of Rutland, - in 1785, when he was Lord
Lleutenan of Ireland, insisted, in a paroxysm
of vinous enthusiasm and obstinacy, on knight
ing the landlord of a country inn, where he
accidentally passed the evening. Next morn.
fug brought sobriety, repentance, and a con
viction that, if what hehad done transpired,
he would be greatly laughed aL So, he sum
mimed up the landlord, and said: "Here are
five guineas, O'Shaughnessy, and don't say a
word about any _foolish thing that I did last
night." The landlord gently pushed back the
gold, and answered, ig Indeed, then, your
Grace, it's I. that would not care about it, but
—my Lady O'Shaughnessy I" And, to his
dying day, mine host was Sir Patrick, and his
wife was Sty Lady.
George the 'nit.' was requested, on some
occasion, to Knight a gentleman named Day.
44 Yes," said the monarch, 44 I'll change Day
into Knight ; and make Lady Day at Michael
mas!"
Certain public functionaries in England,
brie UOt iF Scotland or Ireland, are almost in
variably Knighted, on accepting office. These
are the Equity Judges, the Judges of Appeal,
the. Chief and Pnisne Judges of the Courts of
queen's Bench, Exchequer, and Common
Fleas, and the attorney and solicitor-general.
The term Knight Bachelor is said to have
been derived from the words bas chevalier, in
dicating the superiority of the Knights
Banneret.
There is an instance, in the case of one
Aldis, a quack Doctor, who presented «a
loyal address" to George W., when Prince
Regent, and was knighted—by mistake. At
that timej and Outtl wiglin the last twenty
years, no man's Knighthood was published in
the London Gazette until he had paid the fees
(about £100) at the Herald's office. Sir
Oheries Alai., as he called himself, paid no
fees, was never gazetted, but sported the title
to his dying day, although he never again
went to Court.
The Fugitive Slaves in Fortress Mon
Major General Butler has written another letter
to Lieut Gen. boott, in relation to fugitive slaves
taking refuge within hie lines:
" Sines I wrote my last the question in regard to
liar. property is beooming one of very serious meg.
nitnde. inhabitants of Virginia are wing their
negroes in the batteries, and are preparing to send
their women and children South. The escapes
from them are very numerous, and a squad has
COMO in this morning May 27), and my pickets are
bringing their women and children. Of course, those
can not be dealt with upon the theory on which 1
designed to treat the services of able•bodied men
and women who might come within my lines, and
of which I gave you a detailed amount in my last
despoil.
"I am in the utmost doubt what to do with this
specimen of property. Up to this time I have had
come within my lines men and women, with their
ohildren—entire families—each family belonging
to the saute owner. I have therefero determined
to employ, as I can do very profitably, the able
bodied persons in the party, leaning proper food
for the support of all, anti charging ageinet their
services the expense of care and sustenance of the
non-laborers, keeping a strict and accurate ao•
count as well of the services as of the expenditures,
having the worth of the services and the cost of
expenditure determined by a board of survey
h.teafter to be detailed. I knew of no other man
ner in which to dispose of this subject, and the
questions connected therewith. As a matter, of
property, to the iaeurgents it will be of very great
moment—the number that I now have amounting,
or I am Mfarmal, to whet in good i61:1011 Would be
the value of sixty thousand delers.
" Twelve of these negroes, I am informed, have
escaped from the erection of the batteries on
EIDWairD rout, which this morning fired upon my
expedition as it paned by out of range. As a
means of offence, therefore, in the enemy's hands,
these nogroe_ i s when able-bodied, are of groat im
portatoe. Without them the batteries could not
have bees erected, at least for many weeks. As a
military question, it world seem to be a measure of
necessity, and deprives their master of their
services.
" How can this be done? As a political question
and a question of humanity, can I receive the
service of a father and mother and not take the
children? Of the humanitarian aspect I have no
eloutit ; of the political one I have no right to
judge. I therefore submit all this to your better
judgment ; and as there questions have a political
aspect, I have ventured—and I trust I am not
wrong In so doing—to duplicate the parts of my
despatoh relating to this subject, and forward them
to the Secretary of War.
" Your obedient servant,
"Baas. F. BS/MDR.
" Lieutenant emend Boots."
DIE PRIVATEERS or TBll CONFEDERATE STATES
The Montgomery (Ala) Mail of May 28th nye :
" We learn *Net there are now quite a !mber
of privateers in the service of the Uonfederate Qo
•ernment, cruising off the Gulf and Atlantic coast,
all well armed and manned. Despatches have been
moire in this city Wiring that 'hundreds of
others are fitting out at various pilaw for the sumo
purpoee."
?WAD ABOUT WASHINGTON.
TAOWanderings, Ponderings, and Out-of-the
„to fay Loiteringe of a Roving Yankee.
NO. TI.-A FLAG RAISING.
!cocastonal," with his characteristic ala
crlt;and graphic pencil, has anticipated me
in 4 promised sketch of the works on Ar-
Hugh Heights. Omitting, therefore, a need
leaSiepetition, but still determined to give
Inkiiih friends their, ust dues,l shall present
thei t , ' you in another point o view, leaving
. I ,t
to 31 'lmagination their daily labors upon the
new iflcations. lam glad that my pen
andi. drawing on the present occasion must
needs e both picturesque and patriotic. I
On t you some things which it is impossi
ble fe ymuch - respected colleague to know,
for el asional"—who, albeit, is one of the
shrew of philosophers and most sns
iii
ceptib of observers—is a somewhat venera
ble of entleman, in brown small-clothes and
green ectacles, a mite gouty withal, who,
Lavin either my " wind" nor g 4 legs," and
not d ,to venture too recklessly in the
night' r,
_possesses one or two physical, ob
stacles bleh,,while adding weight to his re
&elle as to Piii t inOVienents, and propitiating
a poweichnisyhil observance and speculation
to evem fttlifer,degree than they retard the
more ail ..; but not less - profitable excursive.
ness, ',he_ outward man, have without
doubt ptabiiahed within him the contem
.plative ver.•the communicative. For ex
'ample, f Occasional" could not sleep in a
diton, a trench, howbeit no man can dis
cuss O'cientillcally and philosophically
the ni 'architecture, and geography of a
ditch olp trench. On the other hand, the hum
ble dejnuent herewith cam sleep in ditch or
dyke, Zech, or tunnel; and—to bring this
rigmanlorens prologue to its natural and pur
posed ind—he has passed a night under cover
of,thentounds of Fort Corcoran, (alias Fort
SeWar4 whereof a portion of the present
lannbraton shall treat.
Tom Jeagher, the wittiest of conversation
alists, net eloquent of orators, and most ge
nial of gentlemen, as well as most accomplish
ed military commanders of the progressive
school, lame hastily into my quarters yester
day aft' eon, and, rousing me from a deep
drearia 01 peace, like the spirit in Abou ben
Adlienniroona, iniormed me that be had just
taken a lelighful dinner with Col. Forney,
whom he had tried to coax over the river.;
but that hdefatigable official proving as spell
bound to duty as obdurate to entreaty, the
gallant captain, insisted that I should take the
vacant sot in the military cabriolet, and ac
company; himself and Col. Corcoran across
the brid6 to the fort, for the purpose of wit
nessing the first flag raising over Federal
battlemette in the Old Dominion. cc You shall
not only loin in the ceremonies, my dear sir,"
he unleaded, w but you shall moss with us
afterwares, take a. cot for the night, and be re
turned alp in the morning, sate and sound."
I pallid a moment. I recollected a pro
mise made for the very evening. I conned
over the!chances of missing a certain party,
who was b call. I thought of you, my reader.
And, finally, I bounced into the vehicle, and
we were dashing along the borders of the
river in a twinkling, crossed the Long Bridge,
darted nimbly over the hill, and reached-the
busy enettnpment, all stir and bustle—ringing
pick-axes, diving spades, mounds of earth, and
muscle of men—jest in time for the intended
ceremony, and "a grand, imposing spectacle it
proved to be, upon my soul and conscience!
As I stood and surveyed the hastily-sum
moned regiment—thirteen hundred of them—
some in red-flannel shirts, with sleeves rolled
up, exposing the grand sinews of brawny arms,
some in bluejackets, soiled with the toil of
the trenches, some in white, flowing have
locks, some in cocked hats, and some bare
headed—it were impossible to repress an au
dible expression of admiration at the splendid
material presented for the work or the glory
of war. There, the dark brows, lowering from
massive foreheads over flashing eyes ; there,
pale, but bleachless cheeks to fear, knit closely
to impregnable lips, the craters of flaming and
invincible breath—the pride and prowess of
representative Ireland, the issue of that
:spreading Celtic seed, which has sown 0
world with power—stood before mo'
•", • _ . •,
8 oop ng, an. the- rear ranks standing upon
upon the declivity,alt,ilifed upward-toward
the et outer walls, ' the whole presenting the
spectacle of a circus audience, seen from the
centre poet in the ring ; WO centre post being
a noble abaft from which the banner now
waves, but whiCh was then about being hoisted
upon light pulleys.
The group around this ci pillar of light "
were Colonel Corcoran, Colonel Hunter ) of
the regular army, Captain Meagher, John
Savagm and, of course, Asa Trenchant i
Now for the cerentony.
First, Colonel Corcoran introduced Colonel
Hunter,,whn has just bee 4 assigned the
of
com
mand th) Brigade o 4 Aqueduct, con
sisting cc th Fifth, Twen ighth, and Sixty
ninth New prods Regiments, malting some
patriotic all aion to the flag. Colonel Hunter
was, of 'et) ze, received with loud acclaim,
when Mlag er was called out by the throng.
He steppe. forward and made a brief but
high-toned , d patriotic address, showing the
devotion Ir hmen should bear to that flag
which broul: t succor to them in Ireland; and
to which, u , n landing in . this country, they
swore undiv ed allegiance. He was heartily
applauded t oughout.
The enthi asm which their peculiarly stir
ring song, wi its splendid refrain chorused by
thirteen limp ed brave voices, aroused, while
the stars and ripen floated proudly forth from
,the mast.hea in the melting light of sunset
on the sweet , :eze from the river, cannot be
I described. I was electrical. There stood
the either li self, by the side of Meagher,
both Wmbols • 1 Irish patriotism; there stood
those idatintl .s men, their brothers in arms
and mile ; . there, above all, the stripes
vieingwith t , red streaks of the west, and
its inns wit the silver globes that already
beganto In: through the sky, waved the
!minim whic lead come to them when
stareit, and l'eti had protected them when
flying,and fe whose preservation and per
petuatbn the . .ow marched to the roll of the
nation( reve e! Well might it awaken
Mule Weill!.• carts ; and no wonder, when
the .1m Mimi -re of the final verse, roaring
like dilant ar ery, were rising upward like
vigils round he flag, that they broke from
their pens a. surrounded their chief, their
°retool/eft p eat, and their poet in a Seoe
ral hill hull; aloe, as inspiring as a camp
meetin. I . st say that it was very hard
between the co'c, grotesque scene now pre
aentedlo the e, and the earnest, heartfelt
amocialens im ed to the heart—it was dif
,t
&tilt tirefrain rom mingled convulsions of
langhttird et' and c ing.
A
t
apropos of this song, which
I cant but alley° haß a future in it. Its
origin! not le dramatic-than its poetry, and
its bre" story interesting as the history of
the lama "or the "Star-Spangled
Benne" It w first written and sung on the
warrport , Marion on tier perilous route
ti
up otomae through the masked batteries
of tit enemes country. Jives at night—a
damfark, foggy April night, and the vessel
was ewly scudding along the dangerous chan
nel. Er. Savage , Captain Cole, and Purser
Reid 3od on the 'quarter-deck, eagerly watch
ing fen attack through the almost impene.
trablmnist, the %Rilot's lamp alone Miming
the ipm. Night Kerre.-...... r eue-b.u....ended
twele and still so enemy. At length a low
?iambi muffled oars was beard to the lar
bordihither the brass ten•pounder was imme
diatedireeted. The oars a ddenly ceased;
a lovioice mustered from the invisible boat,
c' d-4 the rail we can't pull it down to
night and thelinfliecl, spectral rowers, who
hadlubtless itnessed the preparations for
recelag them, seemed to ply , away. The
Maria's men, owever, let them have the
benelot one, d' barge, which, owing to the
darkits, Proa failed its_mark, as no more
was lard of I; attempted. asaailants. Then
and !re Id rage, with a pencil, drew a
rougherang f hie song, Bitting upon the
gun-triage a the party sang it on deck
beforimorni , 11 hands vi on watch " joining
the elves.
To turn I art Corcoran_
Itbig quite sunset, the troops dis
perse for pper, and I joined the o ffi cers'
mess, herei, e kept up a jolly time until a
1 , ne
lete; Iptir.tore retiring, I took a stroll
thr Ati th orke. The scene was indeed
thr ng. moon was just edging itself in
a c scent ye the trees; millions of stars
t
bla d in etiark.blue ; and Amities of light
fro the cited rifer craft came fitful through
the btherwiplear depth of darkness. The
men, save tiweary sentries, were all asleep.
Thernggetiounds, covered with the imple
ments of we and here and there surmounted
by munons!trightful calibre, had grown, in
thel night ti, more fiercely warlike. The
paring sena, too, looked grimmer. There
was a stillm reigning around and about, or
broken on fly the tramp of the grizzly
guardamen,l9 stalked, with his heavy Mae
ket, from;. &pilaff to the first breast..
work, whoeffect, amid the warlike para
phernalia, _ truly, as my little friend Pierre
Smile woully,' It appalling." I thought of
the trench. the cold, frostbitten Crimea.
I thought ere and slaughter. I thought of
the devil j hell. And, coming back to
ri earth ear," I thought of the more
pleasing toils of war. Finally, I slept and
;
soundly. I am now, sure enough, in my
quarters, safe and sound. I suppose you are
wishing I had been for some time past.
TRENOTIAHD.
WASHINGTON, June 1, 1861.
THE LATE SENATOR DOUGLAS
I SKETCH OF HIS LIFE.
The following- sketch of the life of the late
Senator Douglas we present to our readers
In compiling it, we must acknowledge our in
debtedness to Appleton's New Cydopedia, Mr.
John Savage's work on Living Representative
Men, and the newspapers of the past yoar :
Biography of Senator Douglas.
[From the New Amerman Cycler India.]
Stephen Arnold Douglas wee bora at Brandon,
Rutland county, Vermont, April 23 1813. His
father wag a ;Wiry vt Plato bf - AGIT )Co - rg," iinst
a physician of considerable reputation. Re died
suddenly of apoplexy when his son Stephen Arnold
was but little more than two months ,old. ~The
widow, with her infant and a 'daughter 'only
eighteen months older, retired to a farm WhiChalla
had inherited conjointly with an unmarried bro
ther. At the ago of fifteen her eon, who had re.
oeived4 gootreecommon-school education, desired to
Prepare for college; bat hi's family proving unable
to bear the requisite expense, be left the farm, de
termined to earn his own living, and engaged him
self as an apprentioe to the. trade of cabinet'
making, at which. ha worked's year and a, half,
partly at Middlebury and partly at Brandon, when
his health beanies noimpaired' with the severity
of tho labor .that ho abandoned the 000upattoo alto-
gethef. • ae has often, since, said that the happiest
diys of Malice - were passed in the workshop. Ho
now entered -the . academy at Brandon; as a stu
dent, and remained there a year. His mother,
about this time, was married to -Mr. Granger, of
Ontario bounty, New York, to whose eon her
daughter bad been married. Young -Douglas re
moved with his mother to Canandaigua, and en
tered as a student the academy of that plaoe, in
which he continued till 1833. He studied law in
the office of the Messrs. Hubbell at the same time
that he punned his aoademiaal course, having
finally adopted that as his profession.
In the spring of 1833 he' wentrto the West, In
search of an eligible location in whioh to establish
himself be a lawyer. At Cleveland be was de
tained the whole slimmer by EIeVOTO ignese, after
his recovery from which be went to Cincinnati,
St. Louis, and Jacksonville, Illinois. At Jackson-
Title he found his funds reduced to 37i cents, and,
aceordingly, walked to Winchester, a little town
sixteen miles distant, where he hoped to get em
ployment as a sohool teaoher. found there a
large crowd assembled to attend the. auction sale
of a deceased trader. The auctioneer was without
a dark to keep the mount of the sale, sad per
oeiving that Mr. Douglas, who stood among the
speotators, looked litre a man who could - write and
keep ammunte, requested him to serve in that ca
pacity. Mr. Douglas oonsented;and acted as cleric
during the three days of the eel*, receiving for hie
services P.
With this capital in hand he promptly opened a
yahoo'', and obtained forty pupils, whom he taught
for three months at $3 a quarter, devoting his eve
ninia to the atudy of aoma law books whioh he had
borrowed in Jacksonville, and on Saturday after-
coons practicing in petty cases before the juatioa of
peace of the town.
In March, IBM, he opened an office and began
practice in the higher courts, for which, atter ex
amination, he had obtained license from the
Judges of the Supreme Court. He was remarkably
moceasful at the bar, u may be Inferred from the
taut that within a yvar frim athiguich, whtilo
not yet Z 3 years of age, he was elected by the Le
gislature Attorney General of the State. This
office be resigned in December, 1835, in conse
quence of having been elected to the Legislature
by the Demoorata of Morgan county. Ho Oak his
seat in the Mom of Representatives, the youngest
member of that body. In 1837 he was appointed
by President Van Buren Register of the . Land
Ofise at Springfield, a post which he resigned
in 1839.
In November, 1837, Mr. Douglas received the
Democratic nomination for Congress, although he
was under twenty-five years of age, and cove
gmily ineligible. He, however, attained the
requisite age before the day of eleOtion, which was
the first Monday in Augnat, 1833. His Congres
sional district was then the most populous one in
the United States, and the canvass was conducted
with extraordinary zeal and eney. Upward of
30 000 V9i9o wqrc Cast, and the Whig candidate
was declared to be elected by a majority of doe
only. A number of ballots B:tholent to have
changed the result were rejected by the
because the name ef lifr._Dpwrirob, under the air
spelled,__ ..a.ured by his friends as a vie
r
himrofession until
when self exclusively tc ,
famous l r .entored into the
o much prcriptittord gatherings. To Ma ex
eitiOne was asoribed the adheranoe of Illinois at
that election to the Democratic) party. In De
cember, 1840, Mr. Douglas was appointed Secre
tary of State of Illinois- In February, 1041 , ho
was elected by the Legislature a Judge of the Su
premo (bast. which office he resigned in 1843 to
accept the Democrati,> nomination for Clongrest,
which was urged Upon him, against his known
wishes, on the ground that-brew the only Demo
crat who could bd,.eltieted.. After a spirited can
vass, Mr. Donglestysitt - oVirlifritty upward of 400
majority. He wgo re-elected in 184.4 by a majority
of 1,900, and again in 1846 by nearly 3,000 ma
jority. He did not, however, take his seat under
the last election, having, in the meantime, been
chosen to the Senate of the United States for Mx
yearn from March 4, 1847.
In the Route of Repreeentatives, Mr. Douglas
was prominent among those who, in the Oregon
controversy with Great Britain, maintained that
our title to the whole of Oregon up to lat 54 deg.
40 min. was tt clear and urqueetionale." Re &s
-eared that c , he never would, now or hereafter.
yield up one inch of Oregon, either to Great Britain
or any other Government." He advocated the
policy of giving notice to terminate the joint co
=Lyndon ; of eetahlishing a Territorial Govern
ment over Oregon, protected by, a sufficient mi
litary force, and of putting the country at once
in a state of praparation, so that if war should
result from the assertion of our just rights, we
might drive "Great Britnin and the last vestiges
of royal authority from the continent of North
America,
and make the United States an ooean
bound Republic." He denied the right of
the Federal Government to prosecute a system
of internal itnprovementa in the States ' though
he maintained the constitutionality and expe
diency of improving rivers, harbors, and na
vigable waters, and advocated a scheme of
tonnage duties for that purpose, to be levied
and expended by the local authorities. Re was
mainly instrumental in scouring the passage of a
law extending the maritime and admiralty juris
diction of the Federal courts over the great chain
of Northern lakes : having reported the bill as a
member Of the Judiciary committee, and put it
upon its passage, when a member of the House of
Representatives. lie was among the earliest ad
vocateo of the annexation of Texas, and after the
treaty for that object bad failed in the i3onato, be
was one of those who introduced propositions ' in
the form of joint resolutions, as a substitute for
that treaty. As chairman of the Committee on
Territories, in 1846, be reported the
_joint resolu
tion doubting Texas to be One of the Valted Staten
of America, and he vigorously sustained the LW
ministration of President Polk in the meaanres
which it adopted for the prosecution of the war
with Mexico, whiob was the ultimate consequence
of that act As Chairman of the Territorial Com
mittee, first in the Rouse of Representatives, and
afterward in the Senate, he reported and success
fully carried through the bills to organize the
Territories of Minnesota, Oregon, New mexi
ao, Utah, Washington, %armee, and Nebraska,
and also the bills for the admission into the
Union of the States of lowa, Wisconsin, Cali,
fornia, Minnesota, and Oregon. So far as the
question of slavery was involved in the organs
cation of Territories, and the admission of now
&Wee, he early took the position that Congress
should not interfere on the one side or the other,
but that the people of each Territory and State
should be allowed to form and regulate their do
mestic institutions to emit themselves. In accord
ance with this principle, he opposed the " Wilmot
Proviso," when first passed in the Rouse of Repro
aentatives in 1847, as an amendment to the bill ap
propriating 53_000,000 to enable President Polk to
make a treaty of pesos with Mexico, and afterward
in the Senate, when offered as an amendment to the
bill for the organization of the Territory of Oregon.
In August, 1848 : however, he offered an amend
ment to the Oregon bill, extending the Missouri
Compromise line indefinitely westward to the
Pacifico ocean, in the same sense and with the same
oatae , rt , teon.diiiy_yrith which it--wan_ orialaallx
adopted in MC, AM extended through Texas in
1845, prohibiting slavery in all the territory north
of the parallel of 38 deg. 30 min , and by impli•
cation recognizing its existence south of that line.
This amendment was adopted In the Senate by a
decided majority, receiving the support of every
Southern, together with several Northern Senators,
but was defeated in the Rouse of Representatives
by , nearly a sectional vote.
The ram' of the Senate to adopt the polioy of
Clinagressional prohibition of slavery in all the
Territories, and the rejection in the House of Re
presentatives of the proposition to exteud the &Ro
nan Compromise to the Pacdfio ocean, gave rise
to .the sectional agitation of 1840-50, which was
temporarily quieted by the legislation known as
the Compromise Measures of 1850, Mr. Douglas
supported these measures with zeal and vigor, and
on his return to his home in Chicago, finding them
assailed with groat violence, he detended the whole
series in a speech to the people, (October 24, 1850,)
which is regarded by his friends as one of the
ablest he has ever made. In this speech, he de
fined the principles on which the compromise mite
of 1850 were founded, and upon which he cubes
esquently defended the Hanaas-Nobraska bill, In
these words: co These measures are predicated on
the great fundamental principle that every people
ought to possess the right of framfiag and regale
ting their own internal concerns and domestic in-
Oft-I:Alone la their own way. . These !hinge
are all confided by the Constitution to each State
to decide fOr itself, and I know of no reason why
the same principle should not be extended to the
Territories."
Mr. Dangles was an unsuccessful candidate be
fore the Democratic National Convention at Balti
more, in 1852, for the nomination for the Fred
dandy. On the 30th ballot he received 92 voters,
the highest number given to any candidate on that
ballot, out of a total of 288 votes.
At the Congressional session of 1853-54 be re
ported from the Committee on Territories the
celebrated bill to organize the Territories of Man
see and Nebraska, which trfonnatiy revolurlontzmi
political parties in the United States, and formed
the merles upon which the Democratic and Repnb-
Haan parties became arrayed against each other.
de.
Ttor passage of tbis ennead greet ex Moment
In the tree States of the Union, an d
Douglas, iktiy
manyy de p ly an, laoes d
was hanged and
outahnonr,
In pasm
bnrned in effigy. The whole eoritroversy turned
rout ' : ed a ,
on the provision repealing the Missouri compro
'
TWO CEINTS.
mites. which Mr. Douglas maintained to be Imo
siitent with the principle of non-intervention• by
Congress with slavery in States and Territories.
After repealing the Missouri restriotion, the bill
declared it to be the «tree intent and meaning of
the act not to legislate slavery into any State or
Territory, nor to exolude it therefrom, but to
leave the people- thereof perfectly free to form
and regulate their domestic institutions in their
Own way, gabjeot only to the Constitution of the
United States." Whatever diversity of opinion
may exist in regard to the ',onsets:tens of this
principle, and the propriety of its application to
the Territories, it must be admitted that Mr.
Douglas has proved faithful to it under all dram
-stances, and defended it whenever mailed or
viol et ed
.1a 185 G he was again a candidate for the Predb
dential nomination before the Demooratie National
`Convention at Cinoinnati. The highest vote he
received wee on the sixteenth ballot, which steed !
For Mr. Buohanan, 168; tot Mr. Douglas, 121;
for Mr. Cass, 6.
In i the Congressional session of 1857-8, he de
rn^r. ^l. energy_ism.hilita the
ii9o4lllpton lionOtltlitlol3 l upon - wo men% gram
that it was not the aot and deed of the people of
Kansas, and did not embody their will.
Before the adjournment of that Benicia of Con
green, he returned home to vindicate his action be
feta the people of Illinoio In one of the moot ex
citing. and well contested politioal einvsaaea ever
known in the United titatea lie bed to encounter
the determined hostility of the 'federalAdminis
tration,and all its-,patronage, and the
. poiverfak
opposition of the Republican party. But be ado
(seeded in carrying the election of a suillcietit MIMS
' bar of State Senators and Representatives to n
ears bia return to the Dated 'States Senate for six
years' from Merit A, 1859, by fifty-four votes for
him to forty-atz -for Abraham Linoola, hie able
and dietinguiehed opponent. It was Manifest,
ho'wever, by the popular vote for certain State
Officers who were chosen simultaneously with the
Malabare of the Legislature. that wmajority of the
people were opposed-to Mr,Dougles.• The Repub
lioan candidate for Superintendent of Common
Schools reoeived 124 588 votes; the Dangles candi
date for -the same office, 122,413; and the Bu
chanan orAdroirdstratton candidate, 5,173. Da
ring the whole of that contest he maintained and
defended the dootrine of nonintervention and
Popular sovereignty, in the nine sense in whloh
he had previously proclaimed it in Congresa.
, Eilbsequently. in a debate in the Senate, (Feb.
23, 11359,) he avowed and defended the same doc
trine when assailed by several of the ablest Sena
tors of the Demooratio party.'
Mr. Donglae has been 'remarkably smorassful in
promoting the local inhsrests of his own State du
ring'hia Congressional career To him, more than
to:any other individual, is Illinois indebted for the
magnificent grant of lands whisk secured the con.
struotion. of the Illinois Central Railroad, and one.
fributed oo tench to re#tore the o rep and develop the
Mloilll3BB of the State. lie he always been a warm
supporter and advocate of a railroad from the Mis
sissippi river to the Pscifis ocean, having been a
member of the various select committees of Con-
grime on that subjeot. and being the author of se
veral bine reported by those committees.
Mr. Douglas', views In regard to our foreign re
lations have aeblein been in accordance with the
policy of the Administration. He opposed the
treaty with England limiting the Oregon Territory
to the forty-ninth parallel, contending that Eng
land bed no rights on that coast, and that the
United States should never recognise her claim
lie opposed the treaty of peace with Mexico on
the ground that the boundariee were unnatural
and inconvenient, and that the provisions in regard
to the Indians could never be executed. The
United &alert have neon paid Milideb $10,000,000
to cheese the boundaries and relinquish the stipu
lations in regard to the Indians. He opposed the
ratification of the Clayton and Drawer treaty, and
ondworod 1 , 9 promo 14 Nett titin upon the ground,
among other things, that it pledged the laith of
the United States, in all lime to come, never to
annex, oolonise, or exercise dominion over any
portion of Central America. He declared that
he did not deeiro to annex that country at
that time, but maintained that the Isthmus
routes must be kept open as highways to the
American possessions on the Pacific, that the time
would come when the United States would be
°dwelled to econpy Central America, and that be
would never pledge the faith of the Repoli° not
to do in the future in respect to this continent what
its interests and safety might require. Ile has
also deolared himself in favor of the acquisition of
Cuba whenever the Wand can bo obtained con•
sistentlp with the Taws of nations and the honor of
the United States.
Mr. Douglas way married April 7, 1847, to Miss
Martha D. Martin, daughter of Col. Robert Mar
tin, of Rookingham county, N. C., by whom he
had three e hydreis, two of whom are thing. She I
..3 _7...eiry 19 1853 He was again married,
nOvember 20, 1856, to Mies Adele Gaeta, daughter
of James Madison Cotta, of Washington, D. 0 ,
Second Controftr 2 f_tk,e,
A r tir r Odr Living it.;
John,
pesenta%Wen," thus alludes to Senates Haw_
v e t. w urriwineriltrlanatldgraxeltinnent - mr:
Douglas was fiercely and savagely denounced by
all Abolitionists and Intorvontioniets, for advo
cating the principle that the people of a Territory
might have slavery if they wanted, and ehould not
he compelled to have it if they did not want it. - He
was burnt mid hang in effigy in every town, vil
lage, and hamlet in the United States, where an
Abolitionist could be found. He could ride from
Beaton to Chicago by the light of his biasing effigy
by night, and in eight of his hanging effigy by day,
upon every tree that he passed. When he arrived
at Chicago he was met by another mob, more
savage, brutal, and nturierene than the one which
greeted him in 1850, when he. made his great
speech in defence of the Compromise Measures.
Mr. Douglas gave notice that he would address
the people in the open square, in front of North
Market Hall, in defence of the principles involved
•in the Kaneas•Nebraska. bill. The Abolitionists
and their allies determined not to let him be heard,
for fear of the same result which had occurred on
the former ooeaaion-1850. Hence, it was deter
mined to raise a mob and put him down by via•
lanes rather than allow him to speak. •
" On the day of the meeting the flags of the ship
ping in the harbor were hung at half-mast in pur
enamel of a previous arrangement by the Abell.
dosage in their Know-Nothing lodges, and the
church bells were rung as a signal for the mobs to
assemble. They did assemble, ten thousand strong,
armed with clubs, brickbats, bowie knives, and
pistols, and organized into companies, with their
leaders ready for 'totems or tumult at the given
signal. When Mr. Douglas appeared , upon the
stand he was greeted with the most unearthly
howls. When he commenced to speak they threw
eggs, stones, clubs, and fired pistols to create a
tumult and break up the meeting. He maintained
hie position for hones—sometimes appealing to
them—then ridiculing—then denouncing weir
cowardice in combining to put down with force
and violence a single man, who used no other
weapon than tenth and reason. Hie shorts
facile. The mob grew supreme, and, having held
them at bay from 8 o'clock in the evening of
Saturday till past 12, in the midst of their karma •
cations and violence, he deliberately took out his
watoh, and looking silt, sold to the erd*d, t It is
Sunday morning; I have to go to church, and you
—may go to h-11 ' He then retired, pursued by
the mob, to his hotel."
The ours° of the . Senator on the Leoompton
issue is well known. Mr. &wage publishes a
Senate,
description of his great apeeoh in the
Senate, delivered on March 22d, 1858. We reprint
an extract:
• " Senator Douglas entered the chamber just after
a fainting /tidy had been carried out of *lie g allery,
at about . twenty minutes after 12. He was con
gratulated by. men of all parties, and wail soon
employed in an earnest confab with Green, upon
whose spirits, however, the Little Giant did not
seem to work any Special change.
"At the evening session, the scene presented in
the. Senate was one of the most brilliant and ex
citing we have ever witnessed. No sooner were
the galleries cleared, when the recess was taken,
than the crowds, who all the morning expected
Douglas would speak, and patiently awaited a
chance to get in, filled up the Bests. At five min•
utes after 5 the galleries were empty ; in five
snizatea more they were lifted with a brilliant,
fashionable, and intelligent array. In the gentle
men's gallery, the people wore literally walking on
eaoh other. They formed a human.pyramid, reach
ing up to the windows, on the inside sills of which
some perfions were fortunate enoug h
_ to be lifted.
"The appearanee of Senator Douglas was the
taken for a round of, applause. The sight must
have been entrancing to hie wife and her mother,
who, from the reporters' gallery, looked upon the
geese with that anxious pleasure which might tell
the anxious physiognomist that they, of all the
great and brilliant crowd, bad the deepest and
most exalted interest in it.
" For three houralßenatoe Douglas spoke.. Cons.
mewing calmly; with an expression of doubt of hie
owti physical strength to carry him thronLb the
&Fib halm% him' tus •• • • - •
the bead .soa Asomilt or tne multitude with him,
until one almost felt as if he were in Europe during
the revelation, listening to some powerful tribune
of the people expounding their rignte, and inspiring
them to stash action as made America a republic
He went through his publics course. The, period
embraced some of the most prominent and vital
nets inthehiStory of Amerman politics. Re showed
what kis sots had been ; he eaboetthis own words ;
he was proud of his deeds—deeds and words which
were recognized portion@ of the polka of the De
mocratic party."
When 1, Risew-Nothisigienati made its appearance
in the United ',States, in 1854, Mr. Douglas made
the first speech ever delivered in America against
it, at Philadelphia, on this Fourth of July of that
year,
Having encoeeded in defeating tho LOOOlOOO ll
Constitution, Mr.' Douglas. returned to hie own
State. The elections upon which hie seat in the
Senate depended were to take place in November.
He vindicated his p o sition, and appealed to the
Democracy -to sustain him. In four menthe he
made one hundred and thirty speeches—one hun
dred and twenty-seven of which were in the open
air Re spent most of the time in railroad oars and
oarriager, ma en average going to bed- but three
times a week. Onoe during the canvass he was
five days and nights Without having his clothes off
or going to bed. It was a molt exalting, hard
fought, and interesting canna:s; and the result was
looked for with intense anxiety. Double was
elected over Abraham Lincoln by 54 to 46 votes.
When Hr. Douglas returned to the Senate after
his brllliapt triumph, unrivalled, perhaps, in the
annals of this or any panr mintry, he tumid him
self preoipitated into another contest, egaiDat fear
fat odds and numbers, and in defence of the same
principle of local eelf-government. He maintausial
his poeltion, single handed, igiinst Senators
Brown, Mason, Davie, Hunter. Green, Gwias and i
others, and nude a notable speech in rePl7 to the
first-named, to opposition to a slave code for the
Territories, and touching domestic slavery in the
Territories, to be disposed ve ae tbeY might MI
proper, subject to an appeal to the judicial tribu
nal, to teat the validity or the Territorial enact
ments under the Constitution of the United States.
1 Magaztne for September, /859,
- Senator Douglas published an elaborate paper on
!"The Dividing Line between Federal and Lobel
a disoustion of popular
Authority," embracing
envers igery in the Territories. is a compre
hensive applioation of hie Vietra to the
THE WEEKLY PRESS.
Ina Inman Pine will be sent to orelteerliters IT
seed (per annum in advansel) at..... Til.olll
Three Copies. " " SAM
Five .. " " LOD
Ten " " —.— 14.00
Twenty. " " (to one addroor) 90,00
Twenty Copies, or over (to addressor
*Koh subscriber,/ esvit—
Far a Club of Twenty-one or over, we will one rue
turastonT to the getter-ap of the Olab.
Pottmmten are realested. to ut to Agents for
Tin WZIZLY Pstass.
CALIFORNIA PRESS,
lamed three timer a Biwa, fa time for this Oaliforzua
ateamera.
tion, from whioh his positions are deduoed. It is
considered one of t h e ablest papers ever produced,
and elevates the author, in the opinion of some of
the foremost pnbliotste, to the rank tatteved only
by the great constitutional lawyers and statesman
of the country. A week after its publication, Hon.
J. S. Blank, Attorney General of the United
States, Issued, anonymously, "Observations on
Bangor Douglas' views of Popular Sovereignty as
Enrosood in Harper's Magazrnc for Ooptozabor,
1859," to which Senator Douglas issued a reply in
pamphlet form in October. Judge Black returned
the compliment; and. Douglas, though suffering
from an almost fatal illness, published a rejoinder
in November.
In 1852. the name of Douglas was brought be
fore the Baltimore Convention for the Presidency,
and again at the Cincinnati Convention, Where, on
the sixteenth ballot, he received one hundred and
twenty-two votes After this be withdrew, by
telegraph from Wallington, in favor of Mr. Be.
ohanan. He was a thousand times more anxious
for the triumph of the Democratic, perky than for
his own elevation, and,
t es_t_ ls his.c r olginsitiv o r y :- - he
desired Colonel Richardson to withdraw his name,
and begged his friends to vote for Buchanan, which
they did, nominating him on the next ballot.
.• The events of the last campaign are faMillar to
our readers, and the prominent part taken' by the
deceased 114itoeman ban become a part of the tile
tory of our country. The Demooratio Convention ,
met in, Char Hasten; April 23, 1860, and remained in
session until the 4th of May ensuing, without ail
aomplishing a nomination. Fifty seven ballots for •
"a:ctandidate wore tied in all, of which Mr. Douglas "
maintained the lead, end issued a majority of the
whole number of votes oast. The existence of the
celebrated " Two•thirds Rade " neutralized the
efforts of his friends, and an adjournitent to Balti
more was effected. • • • .
The Convention regimen/bled in Batlmerill On tlit
18111 of June. In the meantime many of its mem
bers, and among them, we may my, were many of
the present leaden; of the great rebellion, seceded
from its deliberations, and organized a Convention
in Richmond, Virginia. The friends of Mr Dou
glas continued to' stand by their leader in Bald
more. Those who had opposed him at Charleston,
including many prominent Northern men like
Senator Bigler, of Pennsylvania, Caleb Crt,hirg
and B F. Better, of Massachusetts, Auguettos
Schell, of New York, and others, Sanded, and, in
connection with those who had gone to Richmond
from Charleston, organized a Convention in the
Maryland Institute, and planed in nomination John
C. Breokinridge and Joseph Lane for the positions
of President and Vide President. The Convention
:adopted the majnity rule, and nominated Mr.
Douglas on the third ballot by a unanimous vote.
lion. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, of Alabama, was also
nominated es Vice President. He declined the
honor, and Hon, IL V. 'Johnson, of Georgia, sae
planed on the ticket.
Mr. Douglas entered upon the duties of the cam
paign with energy. He felt that he bad been op
posed by every element of national authority, by a
corrupt Administration. and by the enemies of the
Union in the North and the South. He opened the
campaign by a speech in Philadelphia on the occa
sion of the great Demoeratle demonstration. He
travelled through moat of the Northern, Southern,
and litratilern States, dalivethis addr.asas at all the
important points, and closed hie canvass by a apex&
in New Orleans on the day after the Presidential
election.
The !emit of the election le known. Mr. Doh-
glee received the electoral vote of Miesoori and a
part of New Jersey, making in all twelve electoral
votes. Ilia popular vote was next to that reoeived
bi Mr. Lincoln, and largely exceeded the vote of
Mr Bell and Mr. Breokioridge.
Mr. Douglas received many flattering manifest'.
Hone of popular regard on his jonroey from the
South, after the election. He took his seat in the
Senate , and was very active in support of the oom•
promise measures of Mr. Crittenden and his fellow
patriots. As usual, his ground was bold and de
cided He defined his position on December 11, in
the following brief address :
ge 1. am ready to sot with ..nybody, any indi
vidual, who looks to the settlement of this question
or that wilt preserve the Constitution. [Applause j
I trust wo may lay aside all petty grievances, Janda,
anti jealousies, and look to our country, not to oar
party, on this occasion. rApplauae.l I desire to
near no words of party while pectipg and disuse
iog a question upon which the fate of the country
depends." [ Applause. I
The Senator labored with earnestness during
the last session of Congress to preserve peace. ills
last words in the Senate Were a plea for the Union
and motional harmony. Bat when the rebellion
began to assume the proportions which it now pre
sents; the Senator rallied to the support of the
country and declared it to be the duty of the Ad
ministration to crush treason with force.
Me last public address was delivered before the
Illinois Legislature, at Springfield, on the 95th of
April, and was devoted to an exposition of his
views on the present crisis, and what he eonaldered
it , ,lps yr in g duty of the Government. His perora-
Luo. -ve 100 read with a melancholy
intereSt i av the. IRst
- retionothation With our — Dreraren IS . • :on .
yet hope It may be done, but lam not able to
point out to you how.itonay be. Nothing short of
Providence can reveal to ns the issue of this groat
struggle. Bloody—calamitous—l fear it will be.
May we so doodad it, if a collision must oome,
that we will stand justified in the eyes of Him who
knows our baguets, end who will justify our every
act. We must not yield to resentments, nor to the
spirit of vengeance, much less to the desire for
conquest or ambitio n .
"I see no path of ambition open in a bloody
struggle for triumphs over my countrymen. There
is no path of ambition open for me in a divided
country. Hence, whatever we may do must be
the result of duty, of conviction, of patriotic duty
—the duty we owe to ourselves, to our posterity,
and to the friends of constitutional liberty and
self-government throughout the world. [Loud ap
plause
"My friends, I can say no more. To discuss
these topics is the moat painful duty of my life. It
is with a sad heart—with a grief that I have
never before experienced—that I have to contem
plate this fearful struggle; but I believe in my
conscience that it is a day we owe to ourselves,
and our children, and our God, to protect this Go
vernment and that flag.from every assailant, be
he whom he may. [tremendous and prolonged
applause J"
Mr. Douglas has been sick for the past few
weeks, and although bis situation was at all Hume
critical, the intelligence of his death will Create a
feeling of sadness throughout the country.
At the time of his death Mr. Douglas was in the
forty ninth year cf his age. ,
Action of Northern Baptists.
We publish below a series of resolutions adopted
by the Baptist Union Convention in the city of
Brooklyn, last week. The Convention was oom•
posed of members of the Baptist Church, repre
senting all the free, and some of the slave States.
The resolutions present a refreshing contrast with
those adopted by the Baptist Convention which
met at Savannah, Georgia, last month. They are
preceded by a bold, outspoken, patriotic preamble,
and were adopted as expressing compendiously
what, in the judgment of the Baptist Chorea at the
North, is the duty of their members in the present
crisis. They were submitted through the chair
men of tho oommittee, Rev. Dr. Williams, et Now
York
Resolved, That the doctrine of Baconian to
foreign to our Constitution, revolutionary and sui
cidal, setting out in anarohy, and finding its nid•
mate lane in despotism.
.22asolwed, That the Notional Government
de
eer►ee our loyal adbeaion and unstinted support in
its wise, forbearing, and yet firm maintenance of
the national unity and life; and that sore, long,
and costly as the conduit may be, the North has
not sought it, and the North trill not shun it ft
Southern aggressions persist; and that a euriender
of the National Union, and of our ancestral princi
ples would involve sorer evils of longer continuance
and greater coat.
IZesolveti, That the wondrous uprising In atrang
est harmony and largest self-ssorilion, of the whole
North, to assert and vindicate the national unity,
is cause of ittaieful amazement andgrateful ac
knowledgment to tho God who sways all hoar and
orders all events; and that this resurgent patriot
ism tritely cherished and directed, may, in God's
blessed discipline, correct evils 'that seemed grow
ing chronic, and irremediable in the national °bar
aster
Resolved, That, fearful este the Footage of war,
even in the pretest mune, we need as a nation to
humble aurae/yea before God for the vain-glory, -
solf-conddence, greed, venality, and corruption
manniro Sin wimirot in our land that, in lii
Waite Of property mud life, its invasion of the bap-
the evils to which it strongly tends; batihat • waged
in a good yam. ...ad to s 3. faa‘. _.f God, it'may be
to a people, as it oft in past times has been, a school
etena but eeletary for enduring good. In thin
struggle the churches of the North should,',by
prayer for them, and the distribution of Sorip•nre
and tract, and , the encouragement of devout'ohap
lathe, sett the religione culture of their brave sot
there and marines.
Resolved, That the North seek not in .any
sense, the subjugation of the South , or the.diyilia
tation of their homes by reckless and imbimted
mercenaries; but believe most firmly the DlN
lion, were It feasible, or the Constitution and
Union would annihilate the safeguards of Southern
peace.
Resolved, That the oburohea of our denomi
nation be urged to set apart the last Friday of
June as a day of solemn Installation and prayer
for tha interposition of God's gracious oere, to
hinder or limit the conflict, to stay the wrath, And
sanctify the trial ; and that one hour also in the
Friday evening of swot' week- be ebserved'afi" a
beacon of intercession privately for our *Weir;
during this period of her gloom and peril
Resolved, That, brought nearer as eternity and.
judgment ere In such times of Sharp trial and it'd.
den changes, it le the duty of all to redeem more
earnestly the fleeting hour—the duty of all (Arius'
people to see that the walls of Zion be built even in
troublous times, and to hope only motleys* in that
WODIIOr-W9rkias God, who made Bridals t oleefoste
to India and the South Seas to grow amid the Na
ecteon wars ; who trained in Serafapore missions
Havelock, the Christian warrior, as two centuries
before He had prepared, In the wars of the Com
monwealth, the. Barrel who wrote, as army ow
lain, the Satnt's Everlasting Rest, and Bunyan,
wbo deeoribitd for *all after time the Pilgrim's Pro-
grass and the Rely War. „,
.arattivof, Thaysubot neo a.t.a.toiaer
Valley - .Forgo, and Yorktown Wltli not, with 4511. r
consent, 80111 at Montgomery; that ire dispute the
legality of the bargain, and to the strength of the
Lord God of our fathers still hope to contact;
through this generation, if heed iro, the foaelbility
of the transfer.
Wm. ft Wir.Ltaxs, of New York.
gurus BABCOCK, of NOW Jeremy.
A. Cirawatiott, of Na. Haranaire.
J Grave Elsovrt, of Pennsylvania.
LAWOIIIBIII BAKIR, of New York.
• Wm. li. Suastau, of Maine.
Sr 11, almurs, Maggiatal9l49,