< ->& ■ Are'AhVtj^, a *• . ' 'l
l*f*4fli'4F ♦
"i>- ; 0 qp,. * •“.•l*:
■$ SEPTEMBER I<' 1857.
T^iiMO^llQ'^NWMlNmONi
7;.,. ; FpRWT»?w««R., ;
TTOLUMi E-PACKER, -
*.**•„,.*«*;
1
1 t
FOR jilOGCft .OF THE SUPREME COURT,
'uSJX A— -re l -s{iWtiil3lAM STKONG; " ‘
-, , i;; ;! OF.BSRE3 COUSTSf. -
• * ;{ ' JAMES ‘THOMPSON,'
OP KRIE OOUWT. I ;
. FOR canai/commissioner*
NIMROD STRICKLAND.
' - 'op qHKatKR OQDsrr.,
si i i'. Dus FibstPaoe to-day .is fbii of interest,—
■■. editorials, correspondence,, colnmunicatiOTis,
- .■'.' and news. ■■ On tiib i-oikth rACiSwillbo found
of, Peobok p.'MoEHts’sdpoetry,
’- with Giber reading mutter. •
>s'. ALLEGHENY SUBSCRIPTIONS TO RAIL.
ROARS. ■ i -
fWe surrender a good part of our: columns
■4'bVthto morning to the proceedings of the Domo.
of Alleglieny county, wpicli
» e * ?i.tt«litirgU on Wednesday last. ■ Aside i
® * ''ftomthe-pifty character of these proceedings,'
the sub
• ject of the subscriptions of the county of Air
leglienv, andof the two cities of Pittsburgh
X'% and Allegheny, to'certain cohnee-
- tlon with the fact thhtthe Republican jOonvcn
iipn'of the 'same County, previously held, rc-
X- ■*> j rihsed to speak .on the .'same. question-iB well.
■calculated to awaken a deep interest hfthis
* ■• community,* in which ihany ofthe'*l)dn<ls,[asned
;.' s';i|)o'n'tiip!'Btrength of .those subscriptions, are 1
■ - i he}d f and, indeed,wherever municipal corpora.
.’ tidns haT'e. inyestedftho money of thopeopiein
| V ijSuiroad. enterprises, a care.ful reading of
,a. • theproceeditigs.oftho Democrats, weare free to
declare bHatwedo|rgot see.how tho'change of
-Repudiation can bo nMp'.agaiust them. Upon
this point,the sentimimS'of the two leading
-•' 6 democratic papers of Pittsburgh, the Port and
are interest.
, ing.; Thewholoproceedinglooked. rather to
■ i! aifjrivdstigationy The courts- are * open for
the. purpose' of .punishing ,aU' ‘frauds, in the
premises; and our- party friends; should not
• '; fdl'get' thiif if these subscriptions have been
made, ns tfiey'have.boon, by'thoir adversaries,
they .can-carry, the. case to the ballot-box, and.
; ■ -reap incalculable-advantages. * ‘ ' ■ '
’■'!Bnt nevbr'let itrJb'e sald that the:Dppmcratic
.party of. Pennsylvania .favored Repudiations
Let us avoid contatst with this, One of the high
-1 est crinieSOT Gdyeiuments. It is in vain to look
... -• behind the. obligation, so as to Invalidate the
rights of creditors. No man investing mo
ney in the bonds ,of Allegheny county, and
''PittBburgh,nnd.'Allegbeny cities, cared, to in-
quire whether the subscriptions-wore fairly
; 7 r, %adU/pf'.tlie bonds fairly issued. .He bought
X_./these, bonds,because be had confidence in the
;i 1 -responsibility and credit ‘of the' peopleof that
, ...county and those cities; and because he knew
t /tbit there was arnple judicial authority to make
■ the subscriptions, and.ample resources to pay
'?• 1 theduterest. 1 What true Democrat,- what true
iti'flfflpiii whit .true .Eepublioan, would not recoil
||, With horror from a proposal to discredit a note
of hand after ithad'been' negotiated,-because
Sf? . the original drawer regretted having issued it ?
tb.'Tiiil; it wouldbe, we, conceive, a proposition
•*t* , , v . 'y "■ . J > ,
•; ; J equally monstrous to deprive the honest borid
, .of his rights, under the, poor plea that
“'the original subscriptions were wrongfully Ob-
and. the.bonds fraudulently issued.,"
There is a sensitive feeling amongour'peo-
this charge of, Repudiation, ?rhich
‘> ,'amourita almost to, intensity. Pennsylvanians
P■» ? kre justly proud-of their own hondr and of the
„ honor.of their State. - They heard the impu
‘^7‘t^tion'jUpon 1 their after fi>e ’failure of
t If tboßank of the United States; with agony and
‘ sharao; 'and ihcfr English calumniator could
/not more, have excited faieir.wrath if.lie had
, 'impugned their* devotion to the Union, ortjieir
Valor m thb days of thd^eYpiutioh,. T/ie wen:
/ .ttjhff restored, the Stale fphtz tru.i pp&Uioniiere
frs tZjherbemocratsi They.will he .the last to iarif
<»•■* 'nish- their 'own:faraej and to'give the foreign
v a new chance to assaiL’and ridicule them'
ot ,, ; .
£ :TKe following cpihmunication, frpm one of
.jihe most trusted and intelligent gentlemen in
. t’itis ci{y;|xhiWt3 th'dfeeling entertained among
.j th'n.Dempcraey 'of.Philadelphia, •>. Though W
,do not endorse all bis sentiments.ife cheer-
J n lum a bearinc' through Tde Peess:
r ,r \ - t •• />. . ,;
[For s rf! , s .
<The Besolutioniei; the JD*m ©era tlc> County
* ' X.^ciinr^tjon;^•£ AUeghenr—Ts; Repudiation an'
Article oi burJFaitb ? \ > l '
I was:ejcimedmgtymbrtffipd:toVob&erve that, the
s r Bemoomtic,Contention of Alleghony county, that
assembled' in Pittsburghon tfio 26th ult., impli*
* ;cdly endorsedthe infamous doctrinVof rupudia
t■; . i' : ,v ' > • • •’ . V'-j'
; Repudiation^ 7 Mr. Editor, is diahbhesty; and,
upbn : it, ho party can succeed iritis such an
faithi,, - jV- ',: r .. - * *
very simple one. .It
..is not whether the Legislature has a ; right to per
' ■ 3 ‘ < tliocitweaVof a county, to subscrlbo to a ran
nor does any consideration of the
policy of such a measure enter into tHe
•'’ .discussion.. , V ’• ‘ -*-•
TheXegislature baa conferred 1 by several acts of
Assembly', upon the authorities of Allegheny couh
;v ;ty> .the earne power, which has been exercised in
;/j,. over ft hundred instances in the various Statep of
tho Confederacy. Our Supreme Court has endorsed
: [ L ' ;the legality; of.fiueV subscriptions; and as to the
\'£"policy, we attawirait thatrailroads are essential to
the progress and development of . a country. No
less, thansoo..similar, subscriptions have been
made the United StateSi.V
; ->- 5 s :-HeM>tHon, is the plains state of the case:. By
‘ .YYtM of'authority r vested. by tho Legislature in
the authorities of Allegheny bounty, and under the
. V, > sanction of. a decision; of the: Supreme Court, sub
ascriptions have, from time totitmy been made
J/ to,certain, r Oil road, otitbrprisbff.' In ; all cases the
*'> modo6‘f snbsoription is' the !samc. The'bonds of
. / j fcg the amount of the proposod sabscrip-
,-v - t , tion-are loaned to tbe coinpany; who return their
stock tothesame amount. The bonds are then
?' - plahed in* tho market and-sold, and the purchasers
H." --iinvest their, money *ol(Jy uppn'tbocredit; of the
- county. Thecontract {a A direct andunconditional
*•-.-y one.-Tho bonds to-bearer, and thoy
' pledge the fdith of the County (irrespectiyo of the'
pcsitiv-e; a»4 ? unequivocal ..terms, and under
f usual-bttdgesqt officiaiseals And-signutures. r
a- i:' Th® of the. Conventio- that asaem*
afa,«»Try'thB ; t H was a
r ’idtooioratlo one)’was practically to’deoydbemoral
obligationo-fthesMont? acts.. I know of no.'differ-
between the imoral-obligation that regulates
n ipfivdte'contracts afcd- that which governs thote of
* a pnbllc hatare,'; If therels* it Is'the hjghor duty
‘ ' of ifie Slate*to set example, of.hbiiesfcyto her
, •;,>.. children, and not countenance a .vice which would
*J\« destroy bdsinoaj integrity, and convert .-our iner*
into cheats,and swludlors. > ’ I p "-.
; * •* Xhad hoped neverto have hoard again tho word
\ !,( r rcpndiiitiqn’ r ,jflentlohei conncjrfon wlth Penn*
** /.sylvan iq politics* . Ip the language of an. eminent 1
jarist»f‘Pennsylvania has suffered'eriringh for re
v- fpuauitidn, usjugtlytxuputed to it once
, '}*[ he' her' municipal Bab/seriptionfi ?
'iMctioneti 'they haTo becn r by the. legislative,
live/and jadtoial functionaries of. the StAtej
are unconstitutional, arid it will be thclhsttimethat
7 ./Va Pennsylvania loan of any kind Will bo negotiated
sft !in-dhfbr^ign’inarfcet' if, he were
Worsefate. 5 ’,. ~
«55 it maynot be knowatoyou that this
'' Vi ‘, ;
.edunijCj'Mosjtdf, ilid'holders ofthe bonds live ont
. . <?rber.limits, nndnodQabtit wnsaTery easy matter
, 'h ;for the delegates topasa resolutions repudiating a
»doan, JayftbU to their,
i f ibtek qu|fte
'{^ WA ditferersy, i? they woteAhoholders of the.bunfls
a neighboring county, i Then they-woiild
ftee thatitWfrii honest toineet eng&gomentfij bpd that
■ Wtt; idoonsletent
?r"i 'j ;
:-■ Do'younot think; sir, that ourDomoof aliofriends
■. had foot*.* p&trao? Art thfey not going too fur ?it
; %«;• it tJif policy of muniolpiil
snbscriptiqna.to railroads. It niay be rightto op
;' ■ pDSeiii'tihl ; bui thjit furnishcs no ground for viola,
: pornto f'aUh I nndor tlK> sanction of every form and
: iri -i solemnity;ttfat sjropld inoko it binding. ■•% 7.
'aionrnal*
nipraiityj' yjiosojoiji'ef it
,sr, asffltenOO should bo erorted.in direoting, ifotjning,'
*t»;sdn«itiog th« phbiio>riind, to sat yoar daco
Mftf&iSfim rtfopwi OT'Mif wfHrthiko ;pri*•
t*
8«J: ;6Ug>»S4by,a;traip iOf con»eqnfflees .thatwiitsur
f-j
qolsiHets'apd tie
‘ ■ - ' tnay sffeot th<s v/ell.bbing'Of' ibe party, tunfwhicli,
'lntit&pjtifinti i*ll|gßr4r rtoMT.d the
JiX
to;
■feaggir
MUNICIPAL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO RAIL*
ROADS—GREAT EXCITEMENT AT PlTTS
burgh.
A great deal of excitement nas hepn created
in Allegheny comity,' in'this 'State,'' by 'the
failure of curtain •_ railroad: cQmpftutotf to P a X
the interest upon-!the Tjondp givbhby tho
coimty of Allegheny and the city of .Pitts
burgh and Allegheny/for stock subscriptions.
The whole matter has entered into the politics
of tho county, and is * important to many of
-our readers outside of the county. Tho Re
publican Convention, which met some weeks
Blnce> nominated theiif ticket, and « dodged ”
.the question as to the imposition of atax- to
meet the interest on the bonds now. thrown
upon .the municipal corporations for payment.
The Democrats held their Convention on
Wednesday last, (the 26th,) and the ques
tion came' before them. We refer our
readers to 4Ue following resolutions adopt
ed by • tho Convention, and to the com
ments of the Pittsburgh Union and the Pitts
burgh Pori*. .Let us say to our friends at
Pittsburgh, in advance of their canvass on this
question 1 , that they should exercise the great
est caution. The fi&ctb that all of the subscrip
tions now complained of were made by their
opponents should not -, induce them to any
rash action, in the hope of a temporary party
success.- -
Aftebnqqn Session.-—Mr* John R. Large,
of the. Committee on Resolutions, read the
report, as follows s. , ‘
In the progress of events ifc ? occasionally be
hooves every intelligent people to assert their
■rights, and boldly defend them against the en
croachments of those by whom they are governed :
iTherefote, * 1 : ’ . , 4 . •**
1, Resolved,.!! hat we approve most emphatically
bf the course adopted arid pursued by the National ;
Administration. ■ , „„ ‘ , ■ ■
. %, Resolved, That we have full confidence in the
ability and integrity of tho nominees of the Demo
cratic party nominated l at Harrisburg, and will
give them onr hearty support. -
_ S. Resolved, That we highly approve of tho doc
trines and principles as set forth in the State Cen
tral Committee’s address as boing at the same time
able and purely Dcmooratlo; and more especially
that portion of the address which treats of munici
pal subscriptions to Ac., at this timo do
We rpoognise as moat appropriate. •
;■ - 4. Resotved. 'lh&t legislative notion should be
confinod within the,limit of a strict construction of
the Constitution.
i 6. Resolved, That tax means that tribute alone
whioh every member of the Commonwealth agrees
to pay to defray tho absolute and neocssary expen
ses of the Government, and that the taxing power
should not be exoroisoa for any other purpose.
- Resolved, That it is the special duty of the
Demoeratio party tq, protect and preserve inviolate
tho individual righto of every eitixen in tho Com
. monwealtb in opposition to the assumption of power,
cither by our Legislature, or tho officials undoroar
county and oity corporate authorities
' 7. Resolved, That we solemnly avow our hostility
to the.imposition of taxes for railroad purposes,
and our unqualified determination to resist, by all
constitutional and legal, means, the payment of
any-tax imposed upon us illegally, eithor by State
or oounty. .
-81 Resolved , That while declaring opposition
to railroad, improvements, wo hold that they
should.bo advanced by individual enterprise alone.
" . 9. Resolved, That wo deprooato tho system of
free tickets being given to judges, legislators,
preachers, editors, Ac., said system boing, in our
estimation, a tacit and insidious means of bribery
and oorrnption, too dangerous to tolerate
10. Resolved , That we deem it to bo the duty of
our commissioners now not to assess any tax for
railroad purposes until oompolled to pay by legal
process.
11. -Resolved, That tho Legislature is in duty
; bound by,statute to limit the assessing and col
lecting of any more tax than is absolutely necessa
ry to defray the expenses of the Government.
. 12: Resolved, That the President of this meeting
appoint a committee of five to wnitori the nominees
of this Convention, and require them, individual
ly, to pledge themselves to carry out tho intention
of this Convention, as expressed in tho resolutions
passed by it, aud in oase of any vacanoy occurring
fora candidate, the county committee to have
the power, and be required to. fiU such vacanoy'
Dr. MoClintock moved that tho committeo’s re
port be laid upon the table until after the balloting
for candidates.. Ho stated that the Convention was
assuming an extraordinary position in passing upon
the resolutions in tho very midst of other bus!*
boas.,
Tho yeas and nays upon Dr. McCHntook’s mo
tiob were called, with the following result:
■ , Yeas 41
Kays - • ' - - * - 63
Chairman then declared tho report of tho
Committee still before the Convention.
' Mr. Barnett moved that the resolutions be taken
up and passed upon seriatim. Agreed to.
The first six resolutions were adopted unani
mously.
Upon the motion to adopt the seventh resolution
.some discussion ensued.
. Dr. McClintook spoke against the adoption of
the resolution. It would be os a bomb shell thrown
. iuto thftTJemocratlc ranks to disrupt them. There
.never was a proposition so well calculated to dis
member the Demoeratio party; and could resistance
to taxation result in' anything else than dlsmem
,barment, when.it was weir known that the princi
ple advocated was resistance to the suprejme law of
the land? He spoke at considerable length, from
these premises,' and argued that it was folly for a
County Convention to pass resolutions offering re
sistance to an opinion of the Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania. The 1 question os to the legality of
taxation for the payment of interest upon railroad
bonds, should bo decided by a court, and not by a
representative convention.
Mr. Large advocated the resolution, and charged ‘
conniption and bribery from tho beginning to end
of the sohemes whioh' involved tho county in rail
road subscriptions.' ...
The yeas and nays were oolled upon the adop
tion'of the soventh resolution. The vote stood—
yeas,.Bs; nays, 35.,* absent, 10. . ‘
- The- other resolutions were then passed,
after which'Dr. MoCLirtTbcK entered the fol
lowing protest, signed by 1 thirty-one of the
delegates:
1 Tho undersigned delegates to tho Democratic
County Convention, now in session, respectfully,
bat solemnly; protest against the introduction of
anysubjeefc into said body, tho dlsoussion df which
‘ tends to distract ita deliberations —especially where
such subject is of local origin ana interest, and
where, complaints arising therefrom have their
remedy alone in on appeal to the judicial tribunals
of tho country.
Holding theso views, we doshe to place on the
minutes of this Convention our protest to the reso
lution having .reference to resistance to county
levies arising from city and county subscriptions
to railroad enterprises, and others containing
issues not recognised as of party affinity.
We hold that our legitimate purposes in assem
bling in Convention, toe only one specified in the
call of the County Convention, is to selcot suitahlo
persons to bo voted for at the coming October elec
tion, and as a matter of nsago to ratify the nomi
nations mode id March last for State officers,'and
to renew our pledges to tho Constitution and tho
Union.
. Here we bolievo our duty stops—H would be un
wise and dangerous to advance a step farther. It
is no apology on tho oooosion that wo have hereto
fore been so nnwiso as to tolerate the admission of
irrelevant topics, that we should again involve our
party, not only hore, but in tho Stato. and Union,
in a war of divided opinion..
No action of ours can oithor. validate or invali
date our alleged unfortunaterailroadsubscripUons.
Tho past cannot be recalled—tho venture has been
mode, and we, as law-abiding citizens, should bow
to*'constitutional authority, The future is about
being eared for, and after the ballot of noxt Ooto
bor,' the fundamental law will bo so altered and
amonded os to prohibit reckless action on the part
of both the people and their representatives.
We would, therefore, rather call upon the masses
tocomo forward at tho appointed period and de
posit their votes in favor of;the constitutional
amendments, that safety my bo'sccared for tho fu
ture. than (in frothy declamation) appeal to their
passions and oak them to resist liabilities not de
nied to hnvo been incurred by their logally consti
tuted agents, and whloh aro hereafter to undergo
the arbitrament of a tribunal of last resort,
f • It is tho anxious desire of the undersignod that
thotr Democratic friends outside this stronghold of
the enemy should understand that they utterly re
pudiate all leaning towards repudiation—resist its
approach .as an unuoly. innovation on our political
faith, and “will not hold him guiltless” who thus
offends the loyalty of party by casting this brand
of disunion and disorganization amongst us. Whilst
others in tho march of overwrought personal fool
ing ohoose to hazard tho peaoo of tho party, and
risk placing on its “ esoutohoon” a taint of dis
honor, it is our duty. to sustain the former, and
prevent the latter. ,
■ It ia proper to say that in casting onr votes at
tho Oetober election for the tieket formed this day,
the question,of “tax” will not move us from our
party fealty; and should it be successful, as we.
sincerely hopo it will bo,‘that sucocss shall not
.and must not bo considered a triumph of tho repu
diation. _
However trne it may be that county officers have
transcended .their power in tho issue of railroud
bonds, and howover dear it may bo (hat officers of
corporations, with whom our county and city au
thorities have become associated, have proved
false .to their trusts, wo hare States Attorneys and
Grand, Juries to take cognizance of misdemoanor
in the one, and malfeasance or embezzlement in
the othor; and the members of this Convention,
in thoiroapscHy.os citizens, arc at fault, believing,
as they, do, that these official wrongs have not
-been long since Inquired into, corroetcd and
punched. - •
While we therefore counsel tho strictest scrutiny
into tbo conduct of official agents, wo would oheririi
an inviolate public faith.
Upon ’tMo ; proceedings tho. Pittsburgh
Unton.ucmarks: .
benefit of persons residing at a distance,
who dtnoot fully cOmptehoud tho present difficul
ti'js of d.nr oily and- county, it may bo woll enough
,jf) state, that the people of Pittsburgh, Allegheny
City, and Allegheny county, some few years since,
issued bonds to the amount of several millions of
dollars, for, tho purpose of having certain railroads
built, connecting tbo hood of the Ohio with other im
.pprtapt localities. Had tho bonds been used os in
tended—had ike" proceeds been fairjy applied to tho
purpose designated, without any fraud, rascality, or
deception—rnp peoplo, we beliove, would have met
their pbllg&uohs Without a murmur. But U has so
turned out that certain fdt aqd lazy officials, rail*
row presidents, looker#, and contractors, have in
JB®antimo absorbed & considerable portion of
: £w U ' in big salaries, big shayes. and fat jobs.
I s l bat tho rpilroaa Hn?s arc,with
? e3Eoe PU°ns,'not completed, and the city
'SrSSSRrJf to pay the expenses of a
Hi doing so, however, they
have, they contend, the right to grumble, and the
h i® D ™ Mr “ tl ' ! Convuntlon mny bo
regarded da the largest and most significant growl
on tho occasion. * 1 * *
Tho truth Is. there hayo heenon the r,„ rt of aomo
.of our railroad oompanles; gross mlsmamteemont
BaA.faltft. Rnd-Ootualfraadio thensoof the bonds
which Were-' given by ,the city and county for their
t dse* Thftip Taot? are apparent, and they neceasa
rlly to some degree of indignation, But
when plato, Common people aro onco aroused by
.they are not easily brought to
tske a cool ind calmview of their responsibilities.
: Wben:an-aceommodation endorsement has been
used contrary to the. understanding of the.parties)
it ia rather.aifficulfc for even the man of business to
notffioite himself to (he ton whtohjt hity occasioned'
And with all the difference of opinion which has
arisen in consequeno6*Qf the uabuUy of Allegheny
county for railroad bonds, there is, after all, no
other question than whether tho community, which
had gone hail for £ railroad company, ought to bo
Allowed to take advantage of the miscopduot of its
principal. The lawyor.aml tho judgcwOulddooido
that question against tho community. But the
surety who has to pay the piper grumbles as sureties
-from time immemorial'have grumbled, and will
continue to grumble till the messed time so long
expected shall aridvo—that millennium of sponges
and borroworswben every man shall pay his neigh
bor’s debts withmore pleasure than nis own.
The Pittsburgh Post says of the seventh reso
lution :
It certainly oannot be construed to mean.repu
diation by fair interpretation. Every man or
bbdyof morihasthe right to resist, “'by tvll con
stitutional and logat means,” the coHootion ora
ololm against him which he deems burdensome or
unjust But the means of resistance expressed
in the resolution oan only refer to litigation
in the regularly constituted courts, or by such
political action as may effect further legislation
on the subject. These moans of resistance arc
certainly “ constitutional and legal, and are the
unquestionable right of tho people.
It may bo urged that regard for morality, good
faith and public credit, should forbid all resist
ance. Tho same considerations would cortainly
put an end to a large portion of tho law-suits now
Sending In all our courts. Municipal corpora
ons have tbo same right to test their legal lia
bilities that individuals have. Litigation may
result, too, in ascertaining that some of the rail
road bonds are in impropor hands, or havo been
improperly obtainod. Somo resistance may also
serve as an indication to tho railroad companies
that.their best policy would be to pay tho interest
themselves to the utmost of their ability, and
not to be too willing to throw the whole burden
upon the people. It may servo a further pur
pose still. It may satisfy the bondholders that
whenever tho stock of tho railroad company boars
a fair relative value. to the bonds it would
bo tbelr interest to exchange the bonds for the
stook that represents them, and.thus relieve the
county from all further liability. We believo tho
twenty thousand shares of the stock of the Penn
sylvania Railroad Company owned by tho county
is worth more in any market now
wan the million dollars of bonds Issued to that
company. If tho bondholders would make the ex
ohango it would reduce tho county indebtedness to
that extent, and serve very much to allay tho pub
lic apprehension and excitement. In timo we
might nope that the bonds issued to other com
panies might in the same way bo cancelled.
Whilst opposed to repudiation, as heretofore,
we are not, and never have been, opposed to fair
and full investigation that may lead to the de
tection of frauds in the disposition of the bonds.
The resolutions of the Convention appear to us to
sustain this view of the case. ,
IVe think the space we have given to this
subject is well appropriated. This is but tho
beginning, in this State, of a great agitation
on a most important question.
THE FORMATION OF THE FEDERAL
CONSTITUTION.
« The world was not made in a day.” Time
is required to develop as well as to destroy.
Political iustitutions are subject to this law us
well as material things. To be permanently
beneficial in their character and thoroughly
adapted to tho condition and necessities of the
people they are to control, they must bo of
gradual development, not of mushroom growth.
Our own country has been tho theatre of more
speedy changes and successful innovations
than any other. But in considering the
marked success which has attended our go
vernmental experiments, we must not forget
howmuch the protracted and peculiarly favor
able antecedent training of our inhabitants
conduced to it. The original pioneers of all
the American colonies were left in a great
measure, uudor their colonial chartors, to go
vern themselves. ■ Notwithstanding their con
nection with, and dependence upon, tho British
Crown, their local legislatures decided many of
the questions in which they were most deeply
interested. They had to defend themselves
from a savago foe, they had to provide the
ways and means of advancing nearly all their
interests and of maintaining their Govern
ments, and they were constantly in the lmbit of
discussing and considering tho political ques
tions which affected their condition. They did
not, therefore, enter upon the arena of nation
ality as raw recruits in political science. In
doing so, their position was not that of a peo
ple emerging by one step from tho lowest
depths of political degradation, to tho enjoy
ment of a political system of their own con
struction of the best and wisest character ever
devised by tho wit of man. Determination and
bravery enabled them to throw off the shackles
of tyranny; but after winning their memorable
victory, equal prudence, experience and know
ledge were required to combat that most for
midable of antagonists to successful revolu
tionists—Anarchy. Their work would have
been but half finished, and of comparatively
little value,had they not how to cteate us
well as to destroy—how ta found a Republic as
well as to sunder the ties Which had subjected
them to monarchical dominion.
In this connection, it is curious to note the
gradual arid cautious steps taken even in a re
volutionary era, when tho necessity of somo
new arrangement must have been painfully op-,
parent to every reflecting mind, towards the
formation of the Federal Constitution. It
did not spring up in a night. It did not
merely embody tho dreams of any one political
philosopher. It did not consist of a hastily
adopted copy of somo pre-existing Govern
ment. On the contrary, it was only after deep
and grave cogitation upon all its features, not
only by the leading spirits of the time, but by
the masses of tho people, and the most dili
gent efforts to ascertain exactly what sort of
regulations were required, that it eventually
assumed tho perfect form which has rendered
its operations so admirable in their charac
ter.
When the thirteen American colonics deter
mined to make common cause against Great
Britain, union was, of course, rendered abso
lutely necessary to give efficiency to their
joint deliberations. A committee was appoint,
ed to devise some method of accomplishing
this end, in June, 177 G, but the Articles
of Confederation were not finally agreed
to by tho delegates *in Congress assem
bled until November, 1777, nor were they
ratified by eight States until July, 1778,
nor finally ratified by all the States until tbo
Ist of March, 1781. Experience, liowover,
proved tho imperfection of tho system thus
inaugurated. The defects most complained of,
and indeed the only ones which appear to have
been seriously felt, were tho want of necessary
means of raising rovenue, and tho absence of
power to regulate or control tho foreign trade
and commerce of the country. It was not ori
ginally designed to remedy those defects by
tbo formation pi a new Constitution. It was
•proposed, in 1781, to apply to tho States for
the additional powers deemed nccossary.
Rhode Island flatly refused to grant them. In
December, 1782, a committee considered tho
objections she had urged, and ably replied to
them. In April, 1788, resolutions wore adop
ted by Congress recommending tbo several
States to grant it tho necessary powers to levy
imposts. In April, 1784, resolutions were
adopted requesting tho several States to grant
Congress power to prohibit commerce with na
tions that had not formed commercial treaties
with us. In July, 1785, propositions for further
1 changes in the Articles of Confederation were
considered,but^were not finally determined upon
by Congress. After the subject had thus been re
peatedly agitated, in February, 178 G, a com
mittee reported upon tho action that had been
taken by tbo several States in reierenco to levy
ing imposts. It was found that they had failed
to grant the powers asked for. Two States,
Delawarcand N orth Carolina,liad fully acceded
to the proposed system in all its parts; seven
States, Now, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Con
necticut, Now’ Jersey, Virginia, North Caro
lina, and South Carolina, had granted the power
of levying impost duties in such a manner that if
the other Bix States had made similar grunts the
plan of the general impost might have been
put into immediate operation; while four States,
Rhode Island, New York, Maryland and
Georgia, bad not decided in ihvor of any part
of the system. In consequence ofthis faPurc,
the subject was again earnestly pressed upon
tho attention of the severa l States. In March,
1786, a committee reported to what extent the
recommendations of 1784, requesting power to
prohibit commerce with nations with whom we
had no commercial treaties, had boon acceded
to. It was found that four States had fully
complied with the recommendations, six others
partially, and four had taken no action what
ever. The subject was again earnestly urged
upon tho consideration of tho States.
IVo shall resume this subject to-morrow.
Pennsylvania Pearh : —We have seen at the
jewelry atoro of Mewr®. J- E. Caldwell A Co.,
Chestnut atreot, a pearl of gro&t beauty, which
. wflfl found in Borka county, in this State. It is per
fectly round, the tme shape of a pearl, find nearly
one inch and a quarter to circumference, or about
the size of a largo pea. The color is pure white
and the surface remarkably smooth. Th* valuo
of it is one hundred nnd fifty dollars. We bolieve
that this is the first time pearls havo been found in
Pennsylvania, though for twenty years past they
have occn occasionally found in New Jersoy, and
within tho last year or two in numbers:
The New Jersey pearls are, however, seldom a pure
white; some of them have a pink tint, and others
a blpisb, or blackish hue. This pearl was brought
to Messrs. Caldwell & Co. lost week' by some men
of rastid appearance, who were not disposed to be
oommnnloative as to tho locality whore tbo pearl
was found, and they gave no more dofimte design*,
tlonof thoplaca than merely Borks county. They
hod an extravagant idoaoiits value, and asked
five hundred dollars for it at first, and oamo down
father unwillingly to its market price. They hod
also iu their possession a number of smaller pearls,
ijttteVfilUQ' . ,
THE PRESS.—PHILADELPHtA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1857.
LATENT FROM EUROPE. , _« i •.
The Atlantic maSPsWamahip, wlilch aMived
In New York oh Sunday, has brought news
from Liverpool,to tho 19th of August, herday
of Bailing. On that day, the Directors of tho
Telegraph Company were to have met, then
to decide whether a further attempt to lay the
Sub-Atlantic cable should 'bo made, next
month, after tho Equinoctial galea had ter
minated, or to unship the cable and defer the
matter until next summer. There was a gen
eral desire to proceed as early as possible with
tho undertaking, but there was a strong doubt
as to the possibility of doing so immediately!
One unexpected difficulty arises from the sus
picion that, though tho distance trom land to
land is undor 1,900 miles, and 2,000 miles
of cable were manufactured, the cablo is
of insufficient length. Tho cable broke at
280 miles distance from Ireland, in a straight
line, but 380 miles of the cable had been paid
out—making one hundred miles difference, or
over one-fourth of the distance, as measured by
length. Theexdess was caused by tho depthof
the Atlantic Ocean being greatly more than
had been expected. Therefore, there ia a pos
sibility that, even if tho cablo had not broken,
tho squadron would havo found, at somo dis
tance frem Newfoundland, that all the cable
had been used up. Of the portion lost, a por
tion can be recovered, from tho Irish land ter
minus. Tho whole pecuniary loss would bo
about £25,000.
• This is the most interesting topic in tho
European news. Parliament was liuirying
through its work, to allow of tho proroga
tion, by the Queen, on the 21th ult. The
mismanagement of British railways was at
tracting the attention and censure of the" news
papers. Napoleon 111. had inaugurated tho
Louvre, now completed, after a delay, of 800
years, and joined to tho palace of the 'rail
leries, making tho united palaces, by,ffir tho
finest public building in Europe, devoted to
secular purposes. Tho linion between France
and England he getting firmer, and
as one consequence of NAroLEON’s-petent visit
to Queen Victoria, it was rumored that, in the
almost certain , event of the condemnation, in
France, of Ledbu Rollin for complicity in tho
late conspiracy at Paris, Lord Palmerston
would compel him to quit England. Indeed
it was said that Ledru Rollin was already en
route for the United States. Another result of
the Osborne visit was the agreement to hold
an European conference on the commercial af
fairs of Turkey.
There was no further news from Ifidja. Largo
re-iuforcements of British troops had been sent'
oft’, or were ready to go. Genoral 'Wvndiiam,
the Crimean hero of tho Redan, had been sent
to India, where ho will have a high' command.
Tlie funds were firm, and a slight advance on
the last prices.
CORRESPONDENCE.
[GorresjKmdcnce of Tub Puhss.]
A fow days ago tho Washington Intelligencer
contained odltoilal remarks on an a anticipated
Burplu3in tho Treasury,” in which it concluded, on
certain cst mates, that tbero would, at tho ond of tho
present fiscal year, bo a surplus rovonuo of thirty
millions of dollars to add to the twonty millions al
ready lying in the Treasury. “So largo a sura,”
it obsorved, “ permanently abstracted from the
currency, can hardly fail, ns has been truly re
marked, to create commercial embarrassment and
to paralyze tho arm of industry.” Your cor
respondent boiioved this article was calculated
to create distrust in tho publio mind throughout
thccountry and abroad, although such may not have
been tbo intention, with reference to oar financial
affairs, when just now there was alrcndy too muoh
distrust in consequence of late events in the North
and West, and, with a view to rolieve any nppfe
honslons which might be entertained on this point,
he exhibited in what particulars the Intelligent
cer } s ostimutca wero not well-founded. Yesterday’s
issue of that paper stated that “ the oorrospondent
of tho Philadelphia Press is inclined to think we
hnve over-estimated tho amount of thopublic reve
nue which is Hkoiy to be raisod under tho opera
tion of tho now tariff, and havo ?m<fcr-estiraated
the probable exponses of the Government for the
current year,” and ibat “ we think It not unlikely
that with regard to both these points tho estimate
whioh we cited may prove to bo widoof the mark,”
thus yielding the point and conceding tbo Impro*
bability of a surplus of fifty millions tying In the
Treasury at the termination ofHhia fiscal year, “ to’
create commercial embarrassment arid to paralyse
tho arm of industry.” *
It is objected that tho sum total of expenditure
for 1856, put down in tho ofitclal documonts at
$72,948,792, “ was not wholly duo to tho ordinary
appropriations made to moot tho annually accruing
expenses of tho Government, but resulted in part
from the redemption of a portion of our national
debt, contracted undor a former Administration. ”
It cannot be successfully controverted that the
liquidation of tho national debt Is, under the
policy which has been inaugurated by the Govern
ment, an ordinary expenditure, although thero
may, I admit, bo thoso who consider it quite ex
traordinary that wo should as rapidly as possible
relievo oursolvos from that embarrassment.
There was an expenditure to that end in 1850,
another in 1857, and there will bo another, I do
not doubt, in 1858. Nearly thirteen millions was
devoted to tho payment of the national dobt in
1850, the Intelligencer rccitos, but included in that
amount is nearly two millions expended in pay
ment of interest on thnt debt, whlchlnterest sure
ly is an ordinarily accruing expenditure until tho
debt is extinguished.
But what arc tho facts for tifo present fiscal year,
tho expenditures for which will, tho Intelligencer
estimates, reach §50,000,000. It is tins amount,
subtracted from its estimated rovenue of $80,000,-
000, which gives “$80,000,000 of surplus to add to tho
$20,000,000 already lying in tho Treasury.” Tho
estimates of the appropriations proposed to bo made
for tho fiscal year ending Juno 30,1858, amounted
to $71,301,822.76, excluding any amount for the
purchase of any portion of tho national debt.. Do
fioicncy bills aro now brought in as regularly as
othor appropriation measures, and it Is not too
much to assume .that there will bo oho for 1858
which will inoro&so thoso estimates.
Looking to an untieipated surplus of $50,000,000
tk o Intelligencer observed, that, by porno, “such an
accumulation of money is, rcg&rdod as little othor
than a ‘corrupting fund’ by which the eyes of
Congress aro assumed to bo pcrpotimlly dazzled,
and its membors exposed to tho increased danger
of embarking in wild and extravagant schemes of
national expenditure.” And in another placo it
added, that “it will, therefore, remain fer the wis
dom of Congress to provide some nteans by .which
to remedy tho evil of too much prosperity in our
national finances,” suggesting as soma, of tho
moans “the distribution of such surplus tmong tho.
sovcral States, or iu grants and appropriations to
objects of national utility.” Your correspondent
suggested that, instead of any wild or extravagant
appropriations for other purposes,' it would bo
muoh bettor to disposo of any surplus re/euuo over
that nocossary for thoordinary wants of fao Govern*
mont, in liquidation of tho national dobt.
From the votes and speoohes in Congress of tho
members of tho Administration, it may fairly be
inferred thnt they havo ns little afFeot(on for a sur
plus rovenue as any othor citizens, and lhat' they
will strive, with tho aid of tho Domocmtio Con
gress, to meet in Dccombor noxt, to brinjtho rove
mio down to tho mcasuro of an cconomiatl admin
istration of the Government. In this Work all
moderate and conservative men will bid them God
epoed. X. V.
Acadkmy op Music.—This evening tho last’
“Promenade Concert” of tho season will tako
place, and tho doors of tho beautiful Aoademy
wilt then romain olosed till tho commemomont of
the engagement with “Ronzmii's Trisipe” of
celebrated artistes. Tho Opera House will doubt
less bo crowded to-night. Let overybodj go and
take a farewell view of the beauties of tbe estab
lishment.
Tim Natioxai,,—Burton niado his bow before us
lust evening ns the actor and manager, undrccoivcd
agenuino reception. Tho house, ns woll muy bo
anticipated, was os full us a London Aldoramn
after a Turtle soup feast. As each member of the
company appeared they were 'warmly joaeivod.
When 3r. Ollayod camo forth ho got a “Gunner,”
nnd seemed to foci that ho was onto again
among his old friends, and all lie tould do
to hido it, old reminiscences, wollod uft in ins
oyes. To-night he givos uh tho “lleir at
Law.” and “Thatßlessed Baby” (not Mrs. Cun
ningham’s,) and good nature will bo there to par
ticipate in hi* humor. Mr. Burton is atnoug us for
tho purposo of giviug us somo raro dramatic treats,
to whicn wo have been strangers, and wo arc satis
fied that with tho talcut, tact, and expcricooo thnt
iio possesses, he ennuot fail to bo libcrailycncour
aged.
Tub Ancn.—Last ovoning, Mrs. D P. Bowers,
after a lupso of some months, again opplarod at
.tho Arch. Tho houso was filled to execs before
the ourtatn was up, and much disappolntricnt was
manifested among thoso turned from thi doors.
Mr. Davenport, cast for tho “ Strangoj,” was
taken ill during tho afternoon, and nfe place
was supplied by Mr. Wheatley, who isj always
“up” when any of tho stars of h(s com
pany aro down. This welcome of Mrs. Bowers
was - a true compliment to a groat favorite
and a lady of worth. Tho narquette ani boxes
were almost entiroly occupied by ladies. At the
dose of tho “Strangor,” Mrs. Bowers, amidst the
most vociferous choorlng, was lod before tbe our
tain by Mr. WhontUy. The stage was strewed
with boquets from all sides, end Mrs: 8., in a few
remarks, returned thanks to all who had been her
friends in the bright hour and dark. Sbo compli
mented Mrs'. Dttvoriport and Manager Whtetfoy,
when her feolingStovorcamo her, and she retired
sobbing from tho stage. Mr. Wheatley made some
happy remarks, and promised always to make the
Arch tbe kevstono of his suooess. So far be h&s
done so, and him continue to win golden opto*
lone,
FROM WASHINGTON*
Washington, Aug, 31,1857.
AMUSEMENTS. 1 f
NEWS BY TEL-EORAPH.
FROItf WASHINGTON,
[SPECIAL DESPATCH for THE PHBS3.J
Arrinil of 6ru. Whitfield from Kansas—The
New Sloop of War—Appointments, fee.
Washington, August 81.—Gen. Whitfield arrived
In this city, direct from Kansas, lato last evening.
Quiet is fully restored, aud Governor Walker in
.creases each day in popularity. Emigrants wlio went
out this spring aro in general solid men, who look to
their labors in tho Territory for a competence, and, as
one of tho main helps to ouch a result, peaco aud good
government among all tho poople. The extreme men,
the Jim Lanes it id omne genus , aro gettiug disgusted
with the desertion of their adherents. Gov. Walker,
in conversation recently with a young man'just from
Kansas, said that he went to tho Territory expecting to
find himself beset' by difficulties on oil sides, but not
such as he had to surmount. By the blessing of Heaven
he will coutinuo to discharge his duty under the Con
stitution and laws fearlessly, with no regard that is not
for the good of the people over whom lie has .been
placed by the Chief Magistrate of the nation.
The Board of Officers, to decide on tho modefs and
proposals sent Into th© Navy Department, under an ad
vertisement for bids for the construction of asloop-of
war, held an Informal meeting this morning. Captains
llartstbin and Pesderorast -being absont from the
city, adjourned until to-morrow.
The Postmaster General lias appointed James B. Mo-
Dadr route agent on tho North Carolina Railroad, from
Goldsboro’ to Charlotte; Jons J. Maoladohmx on the
Pennsylvania Railroad, from Harrisburg to Port Tevor
ton; Edward Donxblly on the Railroad from Clnrin.
natitoLogansport, Indiana; and Wm. 8. Hunt, on the
Chicago, Alton, and St. Louis Railroad.
Tho claimants of certain in-lots and out-tots, in and
adjoining St. Louis and other towns and villages men
tioned in the act of Congress of May 20. 1824, wore
required to come forward nnd prove their claims, and
tho extent of the lots, within eighteen months. Ac
cordingly, In 1828, the Recorder made a report of tho
claims thus confirmed. A question, however, has recently
been raised as to the power of the recorder to revise or
change such adjudications; as, for instance, where it is
alleged that an error has been made in the Christian
name of a party, and arterwards it was awarded to
another.
The General Laud Office has recently decided that,
by the adjudication, the recorder exhausted his power
over tho subject-matter, and that the courts are the
proper tribunals For correction of any error of this
hind. X. Y.
FROM CALIFORNIA.
ARRIVAL OP THE EMPIRE CITY AT NEW
ORLEANS.
The Illinois Ashore at Colorada Reef. »
51,500,000 IN GOLD COMING.
NEWS UNIMPORTANT.
LARGE FIRES IN THE INTERIOR,
New Orleans, August 31.—The United States mail
steamship Empire City, from Havana on tho 27th inst..
arrived here yesterday.
She reports the steamship Illinois, from Aspinwall,
with five hundred passengers, over $1,500,000 in specie,
wont ashore on Coloroda Reef, seventy miles west of
Havana, where sho remainod for threo days. Assistance
was sent her, and she was got off with much difficulty,
but sustaining little damage. The steamer Empire City
and tho war steamer Bianco do Gray assisted in releas
ing her from her dangerous position. Tho Illinois had
to throw off two hundred tonsof coal.
Tho Illinois would probably lcavo Havana for New
York on tho 29th of August, where sho would bo duo
to-morrow or Wednesday.
THE NEWS.
The advices furnished by California papers, received'
from tho Illinois per the Emplro Clt)', are of an unim
portant charncter.
Several largo Ores in tho interior of tho State aro re
ported.
The towns of Saint Louis and Michigan Cliffs had
been destroyed by firo.
Tho politics of tho State was tho principal topic of
discussion. Tho weather and crops were iu a good con
dition.
Tlio advices from South America aro unimportant,
FROM HAVANA.
The Cuba advices furnished by tho Empire City are
also unimportant.
The stock of Sugar in tho Havana market was 244,
000 boxes.
Exchungo had improved.
Com. Hudson, of the Niagara, on the Accident
to the Coble—Gov* Walker's Defence of his
Official Conduct, dec.
Washington, August 31 .—Captain Hudson, command
ing officer of tho frigate Niagara, iu communicating to
tho Navy Department the particulars in regard to tho
accident to tho submarine cable, says he haa every rea
son to believe, from what has thus far been experienced
in the wire-laying, that, under ordinary circumstances
of weather, and with machinery adapted to the purposo,
(for such os they had on board requires altering and
improving,) tho cable may bo laid in sftfety on the track
marked out for it In tho Atlantic ocean. He says that
at the tiiuo tho cable parted, the company’s chief engi
neer, Mr. Charles T. Bright, and his men, were attend
ing their brakes to lesson the expedition of tho cable,
Until it was finally carried away, which accident made
all hands, throughout tho day, like s household or a
fSmily which had lpst Its dearest friend, for the officers
and men had become deeply intorestod in the success of
the enterprise.
Wilhelm Docsol has been recognised by tho Tresldont
aa consul for the Grand Dukedom of llokso Darmstadt,
for Maryland j and North and South Carolina, to reside in
Baltimore.
Governor Walker was, at the last accounts, preparing
a defence of his official conduct, to'place himself right,
before the people of Mississippi especially, aud of the
South generally.
The Minnesota Constitutional Convention—A
Settlement of the Difficulties—One Constitu-
tion agreed upon.
Bt. Paul's, Aug. 29, via Dubuqde, Aug. 31.—The
Conference Committee, appointed by tho “doublo
headed’’ Constitutional Convention, to prepare a con
stitution for Minnesota, made a favorable report yester
day In their respective branches, which was adopted.
But one Constitution, conforming with the views of
both parties, will bo submitted to the people.
The dispute having been thus amicably settled, the
Convention will probably adjourn to-day.
Payment of Interest to Maryland—Census of
Minnesota,
Washington, August 31.—The Treasury Department
has just paid between two and three hundred thousand
dollars to the Stato of Maryland, as interest on a half a
million of dollars to which the Uulted States became
indebted to that State during the war of 1812. Tho
principal was paid between 1818 and 1822.
Tho Secretary of the Interior has instructed tho U. 8.
Marshal of Minnesota to take a census of that Territory
whenever ho is informed that it is the wish of tho peo
plo to form a Constitution and Stato Government, pre
paratory to admission into the Union.
Monetary Excitement at Buffalo—Bank
Failure,
Buffalo, Aug. 31.—Tho Hollister Bank has failed.
A heavy run ban been made on White, Oliver, Lee k.
Couipeoy’s Bank, and also on the Buffalo City Bank
Tho excitement has been intense all the morning, but
ia now subsiding.
The Reciprocity Bank will not resume this morning,
as nos expected.
Ordered to India.
Halifax, Aug. 01, —Orders have been received herOj
for equipping four rcglmeuts with immediate despatch
for India.
Arrival of the General Williams, at St.Johns*
St. Jouss, AugustOl.—The steamer Gebcral Williams,
connected with the Northern Atlautic line, in place of
the Circassian, has arrived at this port, en routt for
Halifax and Portland.
She left Liverpool on the 17th*inst.
The New School Presbyterian Convention.
Richmond, Aug. 31.—Tho Presbyterian (N. S.) Con
vention, this morning, resumed the discussion of the
fourth resolution relativo to tho organization of a Gene
ral Synod; which is still continued.
Washington, Aug. 31.—The published report of Sa
turday’s proceedings contains nothing of iutcrest, be
yond what has been telegraphed.
New York Bank Statement.o
Nfw York, August 31.—The Bank statement for th
week ending Saturday last, show* a
Decrease of Loans $3,550,000
“ “ Specie 855,000
“ “ Circulation 23.000
« “ Deposits 4,551,000
Loss of a Schooner on Lake Ontario.
Oswkgo, N. Y., AugustOl.—The schooner “Iceberg”
is supposed to be lost on the Lake, with all onboard.
Snobelonged to Dr. line, and was to go nextspringJu
search of Sir John Franklin
The Steamer City of Toronto Ashore
Port Au Basquk, August 31.—T1»p steamer City of
Toronto', from Liverpool, and bound to Montreal, wont
ashore on the night of tho 17th inst., on the Straits of
Belle Isle. She had seven feet of water in tho hold.
Two hundred packages of dry goods were saved, which,
with the remainder of the wi*ecked goods, will bo taken
to Tartoau There were no lives lo^t.
The City of Toronto was a Bailing vessel of •seven
hundred tons, with passengers,
The Southern Mall.
Washington, August 31.—Tho Kouthem mail fur
nishes papers from all poiuU us late as due. Theireon
tents arc uuimportant.
Forty thousand bushels of new wheat were received
at Wiluilngtou, N. 0., tip to tho 27th in»t.
Tho rice crop in the interior of South Carolina was
very promising.
The Farmers* Bank of Providence.
Promdrncr, August 31.—Tho Fanners’ Bank of thin
city wm temporarily enjoined to-day, ou application of
the Bank commissioners.
[From tho New York papers of last evening.]
Shortly beforo 12 o’clock on Sunday night one
John Farrell was found ou tho corner of Washing
ton and Canal Btreot'by Officer Harr, of the Eighth
prooinct, with a dangerous stub in tho buck. Fur
roll wftß assaulted cyan uuknown ruffian, who
stubbed him us stated, nnd then ran off before tho
polico canto up. Dr. Loving* attended the injured
man, who was afterwards removed to hla residence.
Tho California mail, that ia to leave on tho sth
instant, will probably suffer no detention from tho
accident to tho steamer Illinois, as tho company
lmvo a spare steamer hero, tho Star of tho West,
which onn bo got ready in time, should tho Illinois
bo unublo to go.
Tho steamer Borussia will sail for Hamburg to
morrow. She will take out a fair complement of
passengers.
Captain Groves, of the sohooner Clara, lying at
pier 38, East River, was robbed of $2l and his
watch, botwoen one and two o’clock yesterday
morning. Ho .was going on board his vessel when
two men stopped him, demanded his money, out his
hand with a knife, choked nnd bent him terribly,
robbed him, and thon osoaped by means of a row
boat which they pulled out into the river.
M. Stoyer, a German, while temporarily de
ranged, yesterday morning leaped from un attio
window, corner of Washington street and Battery
Place, and wub fatally injured. He died soon af
terwards at the hospital. Coroner PemfliwiU hold
an inquest, *
THE CITY.
A New and Successful Dodge, —Yesterday, a
female of small stature, about twenty-fire years qf
ago, dressed in deop mourning, with light hair,
broad, full forehead, rosy cheeks, good-loosing, ana
of fascinating manner, patronized tmo of tho numer
ous dry good stores along Eighth street, abovo
Market, in a two-fold capacity. In purchasing for
herself, she remembored that her friend Mrs. ,
had requested that such and such email articles
should bo procured for her at tho same time, and In
the goodness of hor heart, she was desirous to save
, a ' —7 tho trouble of calling for the trifles want
ed, and if the storekeeper would send theso at the
sarno time hors wore sent, all would be greatly ac
commodated. Tho names brought into use for tho
accomplishment of the end in view were tho3o
of ladies of high reapectubility, and well known to
tho merchant—both residing on the same Btreet
and only a square or two apaTt. The larger
package, containing a fine Stella shawl, several
yards of merino, Ac., amounting in value to $l7
and odd, and tho smaller, containing little things
about 5>3 in amount, were done up In proper stylo
and despatched by the jouthful messenger of tho
store in the company of tho sable-dressed female.
On arriving at the house designated as hor own
residence, our female in black politely requested
her juvenile accompaniment to hand her the larger
package, and to pass on to the dwelling of her
iriond, deliver the little parcel there, get the mo
ney for it, and on his return to call upon her
and Rhe would then be in readiness to liquidate the
$l7. Our young friend was up to the ordinary
schemes resorted to by the sharp-witted in such
matters; but in this enso there was no room for
tho indulgence of a doubt as to the authenticity
of tho transaction, her ladyship handling
tho door-bell in the ordinary style for ad
mittance (which, by tho by, was not rung.)
So ho passed on up tho street. On reaching the
designated residence, tho unwashed and dirty ap
pearance of the front excited apprehensions (which
wore soon realized) that tho occupants had not yet
returned from their summer perambulations, and
were yet absentees from tho city. Hastening back
with all possible speed to the doorwhero “Madame
in black” was parted with, its mistress was in
uttor ignorance of tho transaction; had not made
any purchase; had not authorized any one to do
so for her; her door boll had not been rung, nor
had any one called there to hor knowledge So tho
conclusion became inevitable, that a new and un
heard-of dodge had boon practised, in order to
become possessed of one Stella abawl and a few
yards of merinp, by a “ female in black.”
Police Items. —An individual was arrested yes
terday morning, for stealing a vest from the cloth
ing store of Mr. Charles McDonough, South street,
below Sixth. It apponrsthat he asked to look at
porno vests, and several were shown him, but none
Buited his taste, and he declined making a purchase.
Soon after his departure from the store, Mr. Mc-
Donough missed a satin vest, and he pursued tho
man to Seventh and Bedford streets, whore he
charged him with the theft. The fellow defied Mr.
McD., and drawing a rovolver, ho was in the act
of firing, when ho was seized and tho woapon wrested
from him. 110 was taken before Alderman Me-
Garry, and the vest found in his possession. He
was committed to prison, although the officers bad
to struggle with him to tako him to his destination.
A day or two since threo lads, whoso names wo
suppress, were arrested in tho Sixth Police District,
fur the larceny of n largo sum of money from Mr.
J. P. Fowlor, hardware merohant, Fifth stroet and
Frankford road. They had a hearing beforo Al
derman Thompson, of tho Ninth Ward, and were
hold to answer tho chnrgo at court. Tho boys
wero traced out and subsequently arrested by Ser-
f cants John Smith and A. E. Thomas, and Qfilqor
fcLoughlin of tho Sixth District. The boys were
watched by Mr. Smith, and through his exertions
about $76 wero recovered from them, among which
was a check for $lO.
During tho month ondlng yesterday, there were
1,891 arrests in Philadelphia, most of which were
for trifling offences. In the First Police District,
thoro wero 215 arrests; in the Second, 251; in
tho Third, 71; in tho Fourth, 101; in tho Fifth,
137; in tho Sixth, 115; in tho Seventh, 123; iu
the Eighth, 47; in the Ninth, 112; in the Tonth,
198; in tho Eleventh, 156; in tho Twelfth, 130;
in too Thirteenth. 28; in the Fourteenth, 23; in
tho Fiftocntb, 32; in the Sixteenth, 49. There
wero 193 arrests by the Iteservo Corps, under
Lieutenant Diekhart. Comparatively, Philadel
phia may bo proud of hor reputation as a moral
city. Scenes of violence aro but seldom witnessed,
while under tho oxocllont police arrangements of
Mayor Vaux, offences of a high grade have in
deed bocomo of rare occurrence.
Laying of the Comer Stone of the Firs j
Presbyterian Church—lnteresting Exercises
Tho corner Btone of the new houso of worship for
tho First Presbyterian Church, in Kensington,
situated in Franklin avenue, near Hanover street,
was laid yestorduy afternoon atfour o’clock, in tho
pre3onoo of a large nurabor of ladies and gontlc
men—probnbly about ten thousand.
Tho interesting exercises wero commenced by
the singing, by tho choir, of the anthem from tho
Lute of Zion, beginning with tho words—
<( lharo seen the watchmau upon the walls.”
An impressive prayor wft3 then delivered by
the Rev. Mr. Murphy, after which tho Rev. Mr.
Malin roud tho 22d chapter of II Chronicles.
Tho ohoir then sang, in excellent manner, the
anthem:
Whoa the I.onl shall build up Zion.”
Tho Rev. Albert Barnos was thon introduced to
the audience, and in a dear and forcible address
of some length, be completely enchained the at
tention of his hearers. He referred oloquontly to
the benign influences of houses of worship, and by
numorous foots argued tbeir benefit, even in a
temporal point of view. Tho speaker contended
that Protoatant places of worship were the cheap
est, costing less than the ancient Hebrew and
Pagan forms.
Wo erect, said he, a place for the worship of
Almighty God in this neighborhood. Tho conse
quence, aye, tho belief t, is immediately perceived
in the augmentod value of all real estate lathe
vicinity; and thus wo loam that it is a practical
economy to contribute towards Its erection.
Wherorer thoro aro ohurchos, thcro will wo And
intelligence, temporaoce, industry, the kindnesses
of, social life, ana a love for the institutions of tho
country.
Mr. Barnes said it was a significant foot, that no
infidel house had ever] been erected in this country;
thoro are no altars kero to idol gods; no temples
for heathen divinitios; all our now religious odifiocs
have been for the worshipful adoration of tho only
nnd true God, and for tho advancement of the
Christian religion.
Theso buildings, thus dedicated stud the land os
so many proofs of tho affection of the people for
thoir Omnipotent Makor. Mr. Barnes spoke at
length and with much effect, and concluded by ex
pressing a hope that, while tho spiro of the church
pointed heavenward, thousands and tens of thou
sands might reap eternal good from tho instruc
tions of thoso who weekly spoko within its sacred
walls.
Tho choir then sang tho hymn, com
mencing with tho line—
“ O Lord, our Gorernor.”
A history of tho ehureh organization was then
rend by tho pastor, tho Rev. George Chandler.
Tho congregation worship? in Palmer street above
Queen. Tho old church building was erected in
1813, and enlarged in 1835.
Tho Sabbath School now contains 400 children
Tho lot of tho site for tho new church building is
95 foet front by 100 feet deep. The church will
bo 02 feet 8 inches front, and 100 feet deep, includ
ing an octagonal projection, intended for the spire,
which is to do 180 feet in height. The basement
will be occupied by heating apparatus; the first
floor by a study for the pnfltor, a room for the Sab
bath tchool scholars, a room for a Biblo class, and
another for the scholars of tho infant Sabbath
school.
Tho seoond floor will be used as tho main ball
for public worship. It will be 72 foot in length bpr
50 foot front. There will bo throe gullcries in this
hall, and seats for 1,100 persons. Tho material used
in tho construction of tho church edifleo is to bo
brick—tho front being in imitation of brown stone.
The stylo of architecture is to bo mixed orßoman
esquo. The architect is Mr Samuel Sloan. Tho
estimated cost is $20,000, a large portion of whioh
has already boon subscribed, and more promised by
a number of wealthy citizens. There aro at pre
sent 200 pow-holdors. Tho choir, whioh is univer
sally pronounced to boono of the largest and most
efficient in tho city, Is undor the direction of Mr.
James Wilt.
The corner stouo was laid by tho Rov. Mr.
Chandler, and tho following articles deposited in
tho box: Holy Biblo, Psalmist, Constitution of tho
Presbyterian Church of tho United States, Daily,
Weekly and Religious Papors, Gold aud Silver
Coins, Names of tho Pastor, Elders, tho Boards of
Trustees, the Chorister, and Sexton, and Pew
Holders of tho First Presbyterian Church of Ken
sington.
Tho concluding address was delivered by tho
Rov. Dr. McCloud, after which a prayer was offered
by tho Rev. Mr. Adair, and tho benediction pro
nouncod by tho Rov. Mr. Morse. The jukemblage
tlion separated.
Meeting of the Board of Guardians of the
Poor. —This body held its sowi-montbly meeting
yosterday afternoon, at the office of tho out-door
Agont, North Seventh street, the President, Mr.
Brown, in the chair. The fotlowlngmembcra were
present: Messrs. Cook, Dunlap, Evans, •Fisher,
Uackott, Heishley, Henzoy, Lftfferty, Lloyd, MoSe
ioy, ltcoves, Robinson, Server, Smith, Taylor,
Brown, president.
Ti.*c following was tho census of the Ilousoon
Saturday last:
Total manlier In tho House
*♦ “ pa me time last jrosr.
Increase this year
kk capitulation
Admitted during the j>„t two »cok, 171
Birth. “ “
Dentil. “ 3;
Discharged *'
Eloped jr*’
Bound out “ 10
Among tho applicants for relief was a woman
who alleges that her husband has been confined to
his bed for yours punt, and that her son*, who are
comparatively well oft* for this world’s goods, re
fuse to contribute to her support. Tho subject wus
referred to tho Solicitor.
Tho proposal of Michael Carlin to take all of tho
empty flour barrels at thirty cents each up to Janu
ary, aud twonty-aeven cents afterwards, was ao
copied.
The out-door Agont reported that ho had col
lected $551) 39 in board and support cases, and $773
of emigrant tax, and paid tuo tamo over to tho
Treasurer.
The Stoward roported that ho hud collected
$72 27, and paid the same to tho Treasurer.
Dr. Mosoly submitted tho following:
llesolved , That tho Steward, Socrotary of tho
Board, ami the Visitors, bo authorized to grant
nor mils to persons wishing to visit the Alms
house.
. Tho Chair said ho could not consider tho resolu
tion, it? it woagainst the rules.
The Clerk submitted the following statement of
tho appropriation* by Councils to tho diffoicnt
District*—tho amounts oxpondod nnd the balance*
on hand:
Appropriated. Expended. Balance.
Ist District $1,000.00 $701.75 $290.24
2d *• 1,300 00 816 00 485.00
3d “ 4,400.00 2,075.13 M"* B3
4th “ ........ 1,000.00 677.70 424 26
sth 1,300 00 000.25 i!O3 75
oth “ 1 500 00 1,258.30 243 01
7tli “ 850 00 400.00 355.10
Bth *• 750 00 601 05 188.05
&66 00 304.50 190 50
400 00 310.60 83.50
The Clerk submitted a notition to Councils, ask
ing a transfer of some of the items of tho appro
priations, which it wai agreod should be sent to
* Tho°Cilork read bills amounting to $4,787 70,
whioh wore onlored to bo paid, and tho Board, on
motion, adjourned.
Southern Vegetables.—During tho months of
Juno and iuly last thoroarrivod in this city, from
Norfolk, Va., 4320 packagos of vegetables, valued
at $10,822.60. These consisted of peas, cucumbers,
beans, potatoes, tomatoes, radishes, aspttfagus,
apples, peaohw, pears, Aq,
Meeting of the Journeymen Tailor*.— Purina
ant to a published; eall, the Journeymen Tailor* of
our city lflit in ma« meeting yesterday morning
at Franklin Hall, Sixth street, below Arch. The
attendance was quite large and respectable. Short
ly after 9 o’clock the meeting was called to order,
and Mr. John Hodgson was elected Chairman, aud
Mr. John Coffman appoiuted Secretary.
Tho President elated that tho meeting was called'
under the superintendence of Messrs. Miller, Mc-
Gill, O’Brien, Mulholland, Coginan, and Hcslop,
who had been appointed a committee for that pur
pose by tho Journeyman Tailors’ Trado Society.
The. object in view was to adopt measures cal
culated to advance tho pecuniary interests of
the journeymen tailors, who were compelled
to work for wages that wore : totally insuffi
cient to .support a single man decently, without
taking into consideration those who were the heads
of families, and who hfld wives and children de
pendent upon their daily toil for the bread by
which their lives were sustained.
A bill of prices was then submitted for conside
ration, but a motion was made and carried to post
pone its adoption for the present.
Several of those present delivered forcible ad
dresses, in which they urged tho meeting to unite
with the old trade association, or to form a new
protective society, and to stand by this organiza
tion, so that their interests might be effectually
advanced Speeches were made to this effect by
Messrs. Leech, O’Donnell, Braff, Miller, Heslop,
and others. One gentleman stated that scarcely
a coat was sold in Philadelphia under three or
four dollars’ profit, and yet tho employers were
unwilling to pay their hands even a moderate
price for the labor they perform. He said that
Borne of the clothing palaces of Marketnnd Chest
nut streets had been built on the blood of journey
men tailors, Ao.
Without coming to any conclusion as to what
courao to pursue, the meeting adjourned to meet
on Monday morning next, at nine o’clock.
Fatal Accident. —Last evening, between six
and seven o’clook, an elderly individual, whose
name wo have been unable to ascertain, was ran
over at the corner of Juniper and Market streets,
whilo he was passing that crossing, by a rauaway
horse attached to a light wagon. Incoming in eon
tuct with the animal, he was immediately knocked
down, and kicked in tho forehead, and received a
compound fracture of tho skull. He was removed
to tho Pennsylvania Hospital by Constable Harkins,
of the Ninth Ward, and ho expired shortly after
his admission. A card was found in his pocket,
containing tho name of J. Still, house and sign
painter, an old-fashioned watch, a pair of German
silver speataoles, two keys, and other little articles.
Coroner Delavau will hold an inquest this morning.
His name and residence, as yet, are unknown.
Misdirected Letters. —List of letters adver
tised in the New York Herald , Saturday, August
29th, remaining' in tho post office, New York, un
called for, no doubt misdirected for Philadelphia
houses: Allen A Brother; Bates A Coates; E, H.
Butler A Co.; Wm. Ronbrlght & Co,; Geo. W.
Carpenter; Esherick Black A Co.; A. W. Har
rison ; Hay A Co.; Jenkins A Co.; Jones & Co.;
J. P. Lesley; J. E. Dewars A Co.; David Milne;
Doct. James McClintock; Sami. Robinson A Co.;
Russell A Schott; Lehigh Coal Company.
The Public Schools. —After & vacation of six
weeks, the public schoolsof oureity werere-opened
yesterday morning at nine o’clock. During this
period they have all been cleaned, and a number of
them handsomely repaired. Tho scholars looked
exceedingly well on their reassembling, and their
happy countenances indicated anything but un
pleasant feelings on their return to the daily rou
tine of their interesting and important studies.
Political. —We learn that arrangements have
been made to render the Demouratio meeting in
Independence Square, on Thursday evening, Sep
tember 10th, well worthy of the Democracy of
Philadelphia. The different wardjaesociationk will
participate and be addressed by somo of tho most
eloquent speakers of tho Union. Everything speaks
well for an overwhelming triumph at the October
election.
The Police Telegraph.— were two
thousand fivo hundred and fifty-six miscellaneous
messages sent over tho wires of the municipal police
and fire alarm telegraph during the month ending
yesterday.
Accident. —Yesterday afternoon a boy named
Neely Carr, aged 11 years, while playing upon the
roof of a house in Bridesburg, fell to the pave
ment. striking his hoad. His recovery is consid
ered doubtful.
FURTHER FROM EUROPE.
[PER ATLANTIC AT NEW YORK.]
In “Tun Press” yesterday wo gave a well-di
gested summary of the foreign nows brought by the
America, at New York. Our regular foreign files
have since come to hand, from which we make some
additional extracts;
From tho Times' City Article, a rumor has been
circulated that a merchant at Liverpool, lately de
ceased, has left liabilities estimated at .£300.000,
of which. £lOO.OOO are upon forged acceptances.
Tho preoiso facts have not transpired, but the state
ment is believed to be true. The death of the de
fafltcr is said to have been by suicide, and bis
losses are supposed to have been increased by heavy
speculations, noth in cotton and shares.
-The English funds are steadily supported at their
lato advance. In the Stock Exchange there was
little inquinr, but the supply was adequate, and
thero were few applications at the Bank.
Although the Bunk of France had renewed its
artificial purchases of bullion on a scale which
shows that the reduction in the rate of discount in
June last was altogether premature, there seems
no reason to apprehend that on thia side the sup
ply for tho present will so far fall short as to cause
withdrawals from the Bank of England.
The funds were a little fiatteron the 17tb, but
toward tho closo buyers came forward, and the
final quotations wore the same as those of yester
day. In the discount market the demand for
monoy was more active, owing to the extensive
operations which are now going forward in bullion.
On Tuesday, at a meoting of creditors, held in
London, Mr. Coleman, the acoountant, submitted
a statement of the affairs of the above firm, which
showed a surplus of £33,000; claims, £078,000 ;
assets, £716,640.
The Northumberland District Banking Com
pany, who hold mortgages upon tho prineipal part
of the mines, have considerately consented to allow
matters to stand over for a year, provided their
interest is paid and inspectors are appointed. By
a forced side the amount of tho mortgage could
easily be realized, but the surplus, in that case,
would for the general creditors oe small.
.Tho course determined on by the meeting was to
wind up the estate under inspection, so as to in
sure a lull return to the creditors, and give Messrs.
Curr A Co. jtime to consult with their mends, and,
perhaps, make a suitabio arrangement without the
transference of their property. The inspectors ap
pointed are Mr. Bigg, manager of the Northum
berland District Banking Company; Mr. Ander
son, manager of tho Newcastle branch of the Bank
of England, and Mr. G. S. Smith, of Lombard
street. The amount of debts represented at the
meeting was about £540,000.
TnE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH CABLE.
(From tbo London Star.]
The real cause of acoident to the Atlantic cable
appears to have arisen from some want of skill on
the part of the man in charge of the break. There
wore two men on board the Niagara who had charge
of the breaks in turn, under the superintendence
of Mr. Bright, the engineer. The first and best
brakesman had retired from his task, and the man
who succeeded him did not sufficiently account for
the pitching of the vessel and putting the “dead
nip" on, and when the stern of ths Niagara was in
tho trough of the sea, the suddenness of the recoil
broko the cable. It is now thought that, in any
futuro experiments, relays of brakesmen will be
necessary, so as to av• id the chance of their being
overworked or becoming exhausted. It is estimated
that the outside loss tho company will rostata in
conscquonce of the failure wiU be £25,000. The
experiment, as an experiment, has given general
satisfaction. It is fully expected that at loast one*
half of tho three hundred and thirty-five miles
now in tho Atlontic will be recovorod. All that is
within four hundred fathoms will be got up, but
that part in deep sea at seventeen hundred fathoms
will, in nil probability, not be recovered, as it is
considered that tho strain put on by the friction of
tbo water will bo greater than the cable in the
deep sea could bear. This cable will, it is under*
stood, be forthwith hauled up.
CAUSES AND INCIDENTS OP TUE FAILURE—SAX"
GOIXE HOPES..
]Fromthe London News, Aug. 18.]
The first attempt to connect theNcw World with
tho Old by means of the Submarine Telegraph has
proved a failuro. In this result there is much
cause for immediate regret —none for permanent
discouragement. The Atlantic will not be an •
nihilated this year , but the sueeess of the great
cxpc> intent is only postponed for a season. Our
readers will remember tho elaborate accounts, with
which we havo from time to time presented them,
of tho manufacture and stowage of the 2,500 miles
of eablo destined to stretch from shore to shore
along tho bottom of tho Atlantio main. They will
not have forgotten the report of that characteris
tic meeting at Valentin under the genial presiden
cy of Lord Carlisle, when every topio of allusion
uud amplification that could possibly be pressed
into the service was lavishly devoted to tne pur
pose of speodlog tho great enterprise on its way
with appropriate rhotorio&l embellishments. The
original plan of laying down tho cable had been
that tho Agamemnon and Niagara, each with half
tbo length of cable ou board, should proceed to un
agreed point in the mid-Atlantic, effect a junction
between tho two detached portions of tbo line,
and thenco steam in opposite directions, eastward
to Ireland and westward to Newfoundland. This
plan was abandoned; and it was determined that
the ontire length of the vast coil should be spread
along the ocean bottom from west to east in one
continuous operation.
From Valentin harbor the great ships set forth,
tbo American frigate Niagara having the ta s k as
signed her of “ paying out" tho first portion of the
cable She was waited on through the ocean by
tbo Susquehannah; thcjfamous Agamemnon, her
partner in the grout enterprise, was attended in
like manner by the Cyclops and the Leopard. The
Qr*t *t??t was an unlucky one. A fraoturo took
floee at i fiistaqco of less than four miles from the
risk shore, *jhp damage thus occasioned was
speedily repaired, and U° fi vo vessels again, on
Saturday, the Bth of August, steamed out late the
Atlantic. Till tho Monday following, all weut on
prosperously. Tho weather was favorable, the
maahjnerv worked admirably, a depth of 2,000
fathoms tied beyn reached, and some 300 miles of
distance. Tbo telpgraphm communications with
Valentin* were kept up without interruption. On
tho Monday evening a heavy spell sot in, und a
powerful nnderrcurront was experienced. Th}s ip*
creusod through the night of Monday and tho early
morning of Tuesday. At about 3i o’clock ou tho
Tuesday morning, it was found that though the
vossol was only making some three or four knots
an hour, the cable was paying out five, ai*. and
sometimes even sovon knots. At this rate, it yeas
obvious that the quantity of wire on board would
be exhausted before tho Newfoundland shore was
reached
It became necessary to tighten the strain on the
cable, ami this was accordingly done till the pre
suro reached 3,090 pounds. This was at 3} o’clock
on the Tuesday morning. Thoro was a heavy swell
running at tho moment that the full increased
Sower was thus put on tho break, the stem of the
’iagara was low down in tbo trough of the sea.
As she rose on the back of the waves the extra
strain thus occasioned was more than tho strength
of the eablo conld bear. It gave way under the
pressure, and, parting at some distance from the
ship’s stem, It sank down like lead through the
mighty waters on that portion of the telegraphic
plateau between Ireland apfi Newfoundland where
tho Atlantio reaches its maximum depth of not less
than 2,000 fathoms. At tho time of the severance
tho Niagara had mado from 260 to 280 miles in a
diroct course from Vnlentia harbor, and tholength
of eablo that had been let go was about 880 miles.
It is remarkable enough that a somewhat simi
lar failure has hitherto attended almost all these
submarine enterprises in the first instance. The
provisions of science are extraordinary, but they,
cannot quite dispense with tho teachings of expo*'
qualified to fores appear* to be, that wo
nave.leanled enough fix this first .essay to render
the success of the next attempt morally certain.
Two important point* have been decisively set at
rest by what has already been achieved. The un
paralleled length of the eoble, and the vast depth
.to which it was sank, have presented no obstacles
to its telegraphic working;"until the final disaster
occurred, messages were flashed with the most per
fect success along 2,500 miles of wire, a portion of
which was submerged to the depth of very nearly
two miles in the ocean! Another point relates to
the rate at which the cable ean be paid out. It
has been conclusively proved that taere is no .ob
stacle to laying U down at tho rate of fire miles
i per hour, »/* the greatest depth of water that
j exists, on the proposed line of submersion, between
Ireland and Newfoundland.
The principal defect appears to be in the “paving
out gear,” the machinery by which the cable tv
delivered from the ship’s deck into the ocean.
Another difficulty to be overcome in sinking a
c&btoo* such length to a depth so great—a diffi
culty which has probably been more fully #emun
stratod by the results of this experiment than it
could have been by previous calculation—is the
great force of the under-eurrent. While the direct
course of the Niagaia was only about 280 miles
the expenditure of cable was about 330—a differ
ence which a priori could scarcely have been cal
culated upon. In the next venture every circum
stance of this kind will be token fully into calcula
tion ; the mechanism for passing the cable into the
water will no doubt receiveall those improvements
of wbioh it is susceptible, and. if the time be so
fortunately chosen aa to secure three week 3 of
favorable weather, (a circumstance by no meansi m*
material,) there can be no reason whatever for des
pairing of ultimate success.
COMPLETION OF THE LOUVRE.
[From the Daily New?.]
The ceremony of inauguration took place this
day at two o’clock. Long before that hoar crowds
of people thronged the Rue de Ri roll, the quay?,
ana other approaches to the palace. The Place du
Carrousel, from the triumphal arch of the Tulle
ries down to the Pavilion Sully, was occupied by
troops—the National Guard on the left, and the
Zouaves and a battalion or two of the Line on the
right. The entrance was by the Pavilion Deuon.
(the pavilions are named after men distinguished
in the arts and sciences.) which is to the right of
the Pavilion Sally.
At half-past one all the great personages of the
day had arrived Exactly at two o’clock the
drums beat to armsas a signal that the Ehnpe
ror, punctual to a moment, as ever, was approach
ing, and a cry of “ Vive l* Empereur from the
crowd below announced that he. was already, at
the entrance The bossing of conversation, wav
at once boshed, and all turned in sfleqeft towards
the entrance. M. Fould, Minister o£;Sfate and
of the imperial household, was at the'gates to
receive him. ""
In a few minutes the Grand Chamberiais'caUei
out, “ I'Emmrcnr,' 1 and the next moment his Ma
jesty. in military uniform, made his appearance.
All stood up, and the cry of “ Vive VEmperear
ran through the ball. The Emperor was accompa
nied by the Empress, and followed by Prince Na
poleon, the Princess Mathilde, the Prince and
Princess Murat, and a long array of chamberlains
and officers of the household. The Emperor ad
vanced to the extremity of the hall, where
a throne was placed on a platform covered with
crimson velvet, with another by its side for the
Empress, and on both side 3 fautenih for the
princes of the imperial family. The Emperor re
qnested the assembly to be seated, and took'his
seat on the throne. Business was opened without
& minute’s delay. M. Fould stood up and read
from a paper the speech, in which a rapid sketch
was given of the beginning and completion of the
building, from 1852 to the present time.
The list was then read of the persons engaged iu
theso important works, whom the Minister recom
mended as worthy of special marks of theßmperor’s
approval. The names were numerous, ana com
prised every class, from the principal architect,
sculptor aud painter, to the working mechanic—all,
in fact, who excelled in their respective branches.
These persons advanced as their names were called,
and each received from the hands of the Emperor
the Cross of Commander, Officer or Knight of the
Legion of Honor. Loud applause followed the men
tion of several of tho names. Each recipient, as
the decoration was delivered to him, bowed to the
Emperor and Empress, who returned the salute
most gracefully. The Emperor and Empress then
stood up, and nis Majesty read, iu a firm and dis
tinct voice, the following address;
Gentlemen: I congratulate myself, with you, on
tho completion of the Louvre. I congratulate my
self especially upon the causes which have ren
dered it possible. In fret, it is order restored,
stability and the ever-increasing prosperity of the
country which have enabled me to complete
thifc national work. I eall it so because tbe Go
vernments wbieh have succeeded each other
have made it a point to do something to
wards the completion of the royal dwelling
commenced by Francis I. and embellished by
Henry 11. Whence this perseverance, and even
this popularity in the building of a palace? It is
because the character of a people is reflected iu
its institutions as in its customs, in the event that
excites its enthusiasm as well as in the monuments
which become the object of its chief interest.
Now France, monarchical for so many centu
ries, which always beheld in the central pow
er the representative of her grandeur and
of her nationality, wished that the dwellings
of the sovereign should be worthy of the country,
and tho best means of responding to that sentiment
wa3 to adorn that dwelling with the different
master-pieces of human intelligence. In the mid
dle ages the King dwelt in a fortress, bristling
v with' defensive works; but soon the progress of
civilization superseded battlements, and tbe
produce of letters, of the arts and sciences, took
the place of weapons of war. Thus, the history
of monuments has also its philosophy as well as the
history of event*. In like manner it. is re
markable that at the time of tbe first revolution
the Committee of. Public Welfare should .have
continued without being aware of it the work of
Louis XI., of Richelieu, of Louis XIV., giving the
last blow to the feudal system and carrying qot the
system of unity and eentraUsauon. tne constant
aim of monarchy—in like manner is there not a
fraat lesson to learn in beholding the idea of Henry
V., of Louis XIII., of Louis 2QY, of Louis XV.,
of Louis XVI, of Napoleqn, as regards the Louvre,
adopted by the ephemeral w>wer of 1813. One of die
first acts, in fact, of the Provisional Government
was to decree the completion of the palace of our
king*. So true is it that a nation draw* from its
antecedents, as an individual derives from hi* edu
cation, ideas which the passions of a moment do
not sucoeed in destroying. When a moral impulse
is the consequence of a social condition of a coun
try, it is handed down through centuries, and
through different forms of Government, until the
object in view is attained. Thus the completion
of the Louvre, towards which 1 thank you for your
co-operation, given with so much zeal and skill, is
not the caprice of a moment, but is the realiza
tion of a plan conceived for the glory, and kept
alive by the initinct of the country for more than
300 years.
The whole ceremony lasted about three-quarters
of an hour. Tho Emperor and Empress descended
from the platform and returned as they qjtme,
their Majesties bowing to both sides as they passed
down the gallery; and amid cries of “ ViverEm
pereurl" li Vtve VlmperatriceP* and a few of
“ Vive It Prince Imperial /” quitted the build
ing. They drove to the palace of the Tuileries,
close at hand, and afterwards set out for St. Cloud.
AN AMERICAN FETE IN PARIS.
[From the Paris Moniteur.J
A very rich and very intelligent American, Mr.
James Dieek Hill, acharming man despite bis mil
lions, has determined to prove to the Parisians that
they were wrong to complain of the heat, and to
show them how it is braved and turned to good ac
count. He gave a charming fete in his splendid,
vast drawing rooms, which are as airy as the Lou
vre. A large oireular balcony, running faroond
the rooms, allowed the guests to enjoy the
air without losing & note of the delicious
music, which had attracted an enormous
crowd on the Place de la Madeleine. The guests
received at their entrance a hearty shake-hands
and a fan. He found means of assembling at this
soiree, where an incredible degree of luxury was
displayed, more artists, and great artists, than
would be necessary to assure the fortune of
twenty theatres. There was Madame Borghi-
Mamo, of the Opera, Madame FrezxolinL of the
Italian Opera, Modames Balestra, Labocetta,
Cirnino, Bidot, Ardavani. Braga, Mademoiselles
Corbari, and two American ladies who will
soon shine on the stage of the Italian Opera—
Miss Hensler and Mrs. de Wilhorst. Madame
Borghi-Mamo delighted the company with a
Neapolitan song and the famous brindlisi of
Lucresia Borgia. I Jsav nothing of the suc
cess, nor of tho voice of Mrs. de Wilhorst, nor
other talents; because, if she appears at one
of our theatres, as we believe she is to do, we
should not anticipate the interest of her debnt.
Mdme, Frezzolim bade us adieu that evening; she
was very beautifal and very sad; she cannot
console herself on leaving Paris, although she
goes to Now York on a golden bridge longer
than the submarine oable which will soon connect
England and America. One of our friends asked
her what she intended singing, but he repented
his impitldenee. “You are very curious, said
she, drily, “I will sing* whatever I please."
Tho truth is, she.intended to sing only one song,
hut yielding to a sudden and. Irresistible inspi
ration; she sang, one after the other, the Mise
rere of Trovatoro and the Qustuor of Rigoletto.
Sho hod really tears in her roice. and the draw
ing-rooms, the balcony, and the street, shook with
applause.
THE COURTS.
Quarteb Sxsstoss.—Judge Conrad.—Antonio Goffini
was charged with rape on Mary Ana McCulloch. The
prosecutrix is a good-looking voung Irish woman, ap
parently twenty-two or twenty-three years of age. Tes
tiraooy taken, and adjourned till 'to-morrow at 10
o'clock.
lu the case of Wm. Myers, Lieutenant of Police of
the Fourteenth Ward, charged with an assault and bat
tery cn E. Forrest Koehler, & member of the Bar, the
jury brought in a verdict of “Guilty.” Sentence de
ferred till Saturday.
In the easo of William Thomas, charged with an as
sault and battery on Henrietta Reading, the jury brought
Jo a verdict of •“ Guilty,’ l with a recommendation xo
the mercy of the Court; and on a cress bill by Thomas
agaiust Henrietta Reading, tho verdict r» not guilty,
and prosecutor to pay costs.
Par id R. Thomas, Benjamin Thomas, and John A.
Thomas were charged with, an assault and battery on
John p. Jones. AU the parties are Welshmen, and the
‘"casus belli ,, was tho attempt on the part of the de
fendants, to seduce certain immigrants from the protec
tion of the prosecutor. In this efiort, certain argu
ments contrary to the statutes, were employed, and
hence the suit. The jury brought in a verdict of
“Guilty" as to David K. Thomas, and acquitted the
other defendants. Wm. B. Mann, Esq., fortheCom
mcnwealth. David R Sellers, Esq , for the defendants.
Sksthsoss —Erhard Joerger, a German, who pleaded
guilsy to selling liquor on Sunday, was fined $lOO and
sentenced to 60 days’ imprisonment.
Michael Adam 3. convicted or selling liquor on Sun
day, wm Bned $5 and sentenced to 10 days’ imprison.
went.
Lkqal \\ it.—Mr. Ceo. C. Collins, in making an ap
plication to the Court on Saturday for the postpone
ment of a sentence, gave as a re&xou for the exercise of
the judicial clemency, “ that the defendant's wife was
on the eve of confinement; 1 * a member of the bar re
marked: “That the same reason would hold good in
the husband’s case, as he was on the ere of confinement
al«o, and the same remedy would suit both cases—to
wit, a speedy delivery. 11
Judicial Notice.—Yesterday Judge Conrad notified
the members of the bar and the jurors that a double
Session pT |he court would be held daily until the pres
sure of business was somewhat relieved. The morning
legion will conclude at 2 P.M.; the afternoon session
will commence at 3# P. M.
ThelHnutm on the Jersey Coast.
[From the New York Tribune of the 31st.^
The storm of Thursday night drove several ships
ashore on the Jersey eoast. Happily, the loss of
life was confined to one vessel, from which a pas
senger and two sailors were lost.
SCHOO.VER SUXK.
British brig Antelope, arrived il this port on
Saturday night, reports having seen on the 28th,
at 12 m., one mile south of Egg Harbor, a sunken
schooner,- with masts standing out of water, and
enjiguaetat half"inMt, •