< ->& ■ Are'AhVtj^, a *• . ' 'l l*f*4fli'4F ♦ "i>- ; 0 qp,. * •“.•l*: ■$ SEPTEMBER I<' 1857. T^iiMO^llQ'^NWMlNmONi 7;.,. ; FpRWT»?w««R., ; TTOLUMi E-PACKER, - *.**•„,.*«*; 1 1 t FOR jilOGCft .OF THE SUPREME COURT, 'uSJX A— -re l -s{iWtiil3lAM STKONG; " ‘ -, , i;; ;! OF.BSRE3 COUSTSf. - • * ;{ ' JAMES ‘THOMPSON,' OP KRIE OOUWT. I ; . FOR canai/commissioner* NIMROD STRICKLAND. ' - 'op qHKatKR OQDsrr., si i i'. Dus FibstPaoe to-day .is fbii of interest,— ■■. editorials, correspondence,, colnmunicatiOTis, - .■'.' and news. ■■ On tiib i-oikth rACiSwillbo found of, Peobok p.'MoEHts’sdpoetry, ’- with Giber reading mutter. • >s'. ALLEGHENY SUBSCRIPTIONS TO RAIL. ROARS. ■ i - fWe surrender a good part of our: columns ■4'bVthto morning to the proceedings of the Domo. of Alleglieny county, wpicli » e * ?i.tt«litirgU on Wednesday last. ■ Aside i ® * ''ftomthe-pifty character of these proceedings,' the sub • ject of the subscriptions of the county of Air leglienv, andof the two cities of Pittsburgh X'% and Allegheny, to'certain cohnee- - tlon with the fact thhtthe Republican jOonvcn iipn'of the 'same County, previously held, rc- X- ■*> j rihsed to speak .on the .'same. question-iB well. ■calculated to awaken a deep interest hfthis * ■• community,* in which ihany ofthe'*l)dn<ls,[asned ;.' s';i|)o'n'tiip!'Btrength of .those subscriptions, are 1 ■ - i he}d f and, indeed,wherever municipal corpora. .’ tidns haT'e. inyestedftho money of thopeopiein | V ijSuiroad. enterprises, a care.ful reading of ,a. • theproceeditigs.oftho Democrats, weare free to declare bHatwedo|rgot see.how tho'change of -Repudiation can bo nMp'.agaiust them. Upon this point,the sentimimS'of the two leading -•' 6 democratic papers of Pittsburgh, the Port and are interest. , ing.; Thewholoproceedinglooked. rather to ■ i! aifjrivdstigationy The courts- are * open for the. purpose' of .punishing ,aU' ‘frauds, in the premises; and our- party friends; should not • '; fdl'get' thiif if these subscriptions have been made, ns tfiey'have.boon, by'thoir adversaries, they .can-carry, the. case to the ballot-box, and. ; ■ -reap incalculable-advantages. * ‘ ' ■ ' ’■'!Bnt nevbr'let itrJb'e sald that the:Dppmcratic .party of. Pennsylvania .favored Repudiations Let us avoid contatst with this, One of the high -1 est crinieSOT Gdyeiuments. It is in vain to look ... -• behind the. obligation, so as to Invalidate the rights of creditors. No man investing mo ney in the bonds ,of Allegheny county, and ''PittBburgh,nnd.'Allegbeny cities, cared, to in- quire whether the subscriptions-wore fairly ; 7 r, %adU/pf'.tlie bonds fairly issued. .He bought X_./these, bonds,because be had confidence in the ;i 1 -responsibility and credit ‘of the' peopleof that , ...county and those cities; and because he knew t /tbit there was arnple judicial authority to make ■ the subscriptions, and.ample resources to pay '?• 1 theduterest. 1 What true Democrat,- what true iti'flfflpiii whit .true .Eepublioan, would not recoil ||, With horror from a proposal to discredit a note of hand after ithad'been' negotiated,-because Sf? . the original drawer regretted having issued it ? tb.'Tiiil; it wouldbe, we, conceive, a proposition •*t* , , v . 'y "■ . J > , •; ; J equally monstrous to deprive the honest borid , .of his rights, under the, poor plea that “'the original subscriptions were wrongfully Ob- and. the.bonds fraudulently issued.," There is a sensitive feeling amongour'peo- this charge of, Repudiation, ?rhich ‘> ,'amourita almost to, intensity. Pennsylvanians P■» ? kre justly proud-of their own hondr and of the „ honor.of their State. - They heard the impu ‘^7‘t^tion'jUpon 1 their after fi>e ’failure of t If tboßank of the United States; with agony and ‘ sharao; 'and ihcfr English calumniator could /not more, have excited faieir.wrath if.lie had , 'impugned their* devotion to the Union, ortjieir Valor m thb days of thd^eYpiutioh,. T/ie wen: / .ttjhff restored, the Stale fphtz tru.i pp&Uioniiere frs tZjherbemocratsi They.will he .the last to iarif <»•■* 'nish- their 'own:faraej and to'give the foreign v a new chance to assaiL’and ridicule them' ot ,, ; . £ :TKe following cpihmunication, frpm one of .jihe most trusted and intelligent gentlemen in . t’itis ci{y;|xhiWt3 th'dfeeling entertained among .j th'n.Dempcraey 'of.Philadelphia, •>. Though W ,do not endorse all bis sentiments.ife cheer- J n lum a bearinc' through Tde Peess: r ,r \ - t •• />. . ,; [For s rf! , s . <The Besolutioniei; the JD*m ©era tlc> County * ' X.^ciinr^tjon;^•£ AUeghenr—Ts; Repudiation an' Article oi burJFaitb ? \ > l ' I was:ejcimedmgtymbrtffipd:toVob&erve that, the s r Bemoomtic,Contention of Alleghony county, that assembled' in Pittsburghon tfio 26th ult., impli* * ;cdly endorsedthe infamous doctrinVof rupudia t■; . i' : ,v ' > • • •’ . V'-j' ; Repudiation^ 7 Mr. Editor, is diahbhesty; and, upbn : it, ho party can succeed iritis such an faithi,, - jV- ',: r .. - * * very simple one. .It ..is not whether the Legislature has a ; right to per ' ■ 3 ‘ < tliocitweaVof a county, to subscrlbo to a ran nor does any consideration of the policy of such a measure enter into tHe •'’ .discussion.. , V ’• ‘ -*-• TheXegislature baa conferred 1 by several acts of Assembly', upon the authorities of Allegheny couh ;v ;ty> .the earne power, which has been exercised in ;/j,. over ft hundred instances in the various Statep of tho Confederacy. Our Supreme Court has endorsed : [ L ' ;the legality; of.fiueV subscriptions; and as to the \'£"policy, we attawirait thatrailroads are essential to the progress and development of . a country. No less, thansoo..similar, subscriptions have been made the United StateSi.V ; ->- 5 s :-HeM>tHon, is the plains state of the case:. By ‘ .YYtM of'authority r vested. by tho Legislature in the authorities of Allegheny bounty, and under the . V, > sanction of. a decision; of the: Supreme Court, sub ascriptions have, from time totitmy been made J/ to,certain, r Oil road, otitbrprisbff.' In ; all cases the *'> modo6‘f snbsoription is' the !samc. The'bonds of . / j fcg the amount of the proposod sabscrip- ,-v - t , tion-are loaned to tbe coinpany; who return their stock tothesame amount. The bonds are then ?' - plahed in* tho market and-sold, and the purchasers H." --iinvest their, money *ol(Jy uppn'tbocredit; of the - county. Thecontract {a A direct andunconditional *•-.-y one.-Tho bonds to-bearer, and thoy ' pledge the fdith of the County (irrespectiyo of the' pcsitiv-e; a»4 ? unequivocal ..terms, and under f usual-bttdgesqt officiaiseals And-signutures. r a- i:' Th® of the. Conventio- that asaem* afa,«»Try'thB ; t H was a r ’idtooioratlo one)’was practically to’deoydbemoral obligationo-fthesMont? acts.. I know of no.'differ- between the imoral-obligation that regulates n ipfivdte'contracts afcd- that which governs thote of * a pnbllc hatare,'; If therels* it Is'the hjghor duty ‘ ' of ifie Slate*to set example, of.hbiiesfcyto her , •;,>.. children, and not countenance a .vice which would *J\« destroy bdsinoaj integrity, and convert .-our iner* into cheats,and swludlors. > ’ I p "-. ; * •* Xhad hoped neverto have hoard again tho word \ !,( r rcpndiiitiqn’ r ,jflentlohei conncjrfon wlth Penn* ** /.sylvan iq politics* . Ip the language of an. eminent 1 jarist»f‘Pennsylvania has suffered'eriringh for re v- fpuauitidn, usjugtlytxuputed to it once , '}*[ he' her' municipal Bab/seriptionfi ? 'iMctioneti 'they haTo becn r by the. legislative, live/and jadtoial functionaries of. the StAtej are unconstitutional, arid it will be thclhsttimethat 7 ./Va Pennsylvania loan of any kind Will bo negotiated sft !in-dhfbr^ign’inarfcet' if, he were Worsefate. 5 ’,. ~ «55 it maynot be knowatoyou that this '' Vi ‘, ; .edunijCj'Mosjtdf, ilid'holders ofthe bonds live ont . . <?rber.limits, nndnodQabtit wnsaTery easy matter , 'h ;for the delegates topasa resolutions repudiating a »doan, JayftbU to their, i f ibtek qu|fte '{^ WA ditferersy, i? they woteAhoholders of the.bunfls a neighboring county, i Then they-woiild ftee thatitWfrii honest toineet eng&gomentfij bpd that ■ Wtt; idoonsletent ?r"i 'j ; :-■ Do'younot think; sir, that ourDomoof aliofriends ■. had foot*.* p&trao? Art thfey not going too fur ?it ; %«;• it tJif policy of muniolpiil snbscriptiqna.to railroads. It niay be rightto op ;' ■ pDSeiii'tihl ; bui thjit furnishcs no ground for viola, : pornto f'aUh I nndor tlK> sanction of every form and : iri -i solemnity;ttfat sjropld inoko it binding. ■•% 7. 'aionrnal* nipraiityj' yjiosojoiji'ef it ,sr, asffltenOO should bo erorted.in direoting, ifotjning,' *t»;sdn«itiog th« phbiio>riind, to sat yoar daco Mftf&iSfim rtfopwi OT'Mif wfHrthiko ;pri*• t* 8«J: ;6Ug>»S4by,a;traip iOf con»eqnfflees .thatwiitsur f-j qolsiHets'apd tie ‘ ■ - ' tnay sffeot th<s v/ell.bbing'Of' ibe party, tunfwhicli, 'lntit&pjtifinti i*ll|gßr4r rtoMT.d the JiX to; ■feaggir MUNICIPAL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO RAIL* ROADS—GREAT EXCITEMENT AT PlTTS burgh. A great deal of excitement nas hepn created in Allegheny comity,' in'this 'State,'' by 'the failure of curtain •_ railroad: cQmpftutotf to P a X the interest upon-!the Tjondp givbhby tho coimty of Allegheny and the city of .Pitts burgh and Allegheny/for stock subscriptions. The whole matter has entered into the politics of tho county, and is * important to many of -our readers outside of the county. Tho Re publican Convention, which met some weeks Blnce> nominated theiif ticket, and « dodged ” .the question as to the imposition of atax- to meet the interest on the bonds now. thrown upon .the municipal corporations for payment. The Democrats held their Convention on Wednesday last, (the 26th,) and the ques tion came' before them. We refer our readers to 4Ue following resolutions adopt ed by • tho Convention, and to the com ments of the Pittsburgh Union and the Pitts burgh Pori*. .Let us say to our friends at Pittsburgh, in advance of their canvass on this question 1 , that they should exercise the great est caution. The fi&ctb that all of the subscrip tions now complained of were made by their opponents should not -, induce them to any rash action, in the hope of a temporary party success.- - Aftebnqqn Session.-—Mr* John R. Large, of the. Committee on Resolutions, read the report, as follows s. , ‘ In the progress of events ifc ? occasionally be hooves every intelligent people to assert their ■rights, and boldly defend them against the en croachments of those by whom they are governed : iTherefote, * 1 : ’ . , 4 . •** 1, Resolved,.!! hat we approve most emphatically bf the course adopted arid pursued by the National ; Administration. ■ , „„ ‘ , ■ ■ . %, Resolved, That we have full confidence in the ability and integrity of tho nominees of the Demo cratic party nominated l at Harrisburg, and will give them onr hearty support. - _ S. Resolved, That we highly approve of tho doc trines and principles as set forth in the State Cen tral Committee’s address as boing at the same time able and purely Dcmooratlo; and more especially that portion of the address which treats of munici pal subscriptions to Ac., at this timo do We rpoognise as moat appropriate. • ;■ - 4. Resotved. 'lh&t legislative notion should be confinod within the,limit of a strict construction of the Constitution. i 6. Resolved, That tax means that tribute alone whioh every member of the Commonwealth agrees to pay to defray tho absolute and neocssary expen ses of the Government, and that the taxing power should not be exoroisoa for any other purpose. - Resolved, That it is the special duty of the Demoeratio party tq, protect and preserve inviolate tho individual righto of every eitixen in tho Com . monwealtb in opposition to the assumption of power, cither by our Legislature, or tho officials undoroar county and oity corporate authorities ' 7. Resolved, That we solemnly avow our hostility to the.imposition of taxes for railroad purposes, and our unqualified determination to resist, by all constitutional and legal, means, the payment of any-tax imposed upon us illegally, eithor by State or oounty. . -81 Resolved , That while declaring opposition to railroad, improvements, wo hold that they should.bo advanced by individual enterprise alone. " . 9. Resolved, That wo deprooato tho system of free tickets being given to judges, legislators, preachers, editors, Ac., said system boing, in our estimation, a tacit and insidious means of bribery and oorrnption, too dangerous to tolerate 10. Resolved , That we deem it to bo the duty of our commissioners now not to assess any tax for railroad purposes until oompolled to pay by legal process. 11. -Resolved, That tho Legislature is in duty ; bound by,statute to limit the assessing and col lecting of any more tax than is absolutely necessa ry to defray the expenses of the Government. . 12: Resolved, That the President of this meeting appoint a committee of five to wnitori the nominees of this Convention, and require them, individual ly, to pledge themselves to carry out tho intention of this Convention, as expressed in tho resolutions passed by it, aud in oase of any vacanoy occurring fora candidate, the county committee to have the power, and be required to. fiU such vacanoy' Dr. MoClintock moved that tho committeo’s re port be laid upon the table until after the balloting for candidates.. Ho stated that the Convention was assuming an extraordinary position in passing upon the resolutions in tho very midst of other bus!* boas., Tho yeas and nays upon Dr. McCHntook’s mo tiob were called, with the following result: ■ , Yeas 41 Kays - • ' - - * - 63 Chairman then declared tho report of tho Committee still before the Convention. ' Mr. Barnett moved that the resolutions be taken up and passed upon seriatim. Agreed to. The first six resolutions were adopted unani mously. Upon the motion to adopt the seventh resolution .some discussion ensued. . Dr. McClintook spoke against the adoption of the resolution. It would be os a bomb shell thrown . iuto thftTJemocratlc ranks to disrupt them. There .never was a proposition so well calculated to dis member the Demoeratio party; and could resistance to taxation result in' anything else than dlsmem ,barment, when.it was weir known that the princi ple advocated was resistance to the suprejme law of the land? He spoke at considerable length, from these premises,' and argued that it was folly for a County Convention to pass resolutions offering re sistance to an opinion of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. The 1 question os to the legality of taxation for the payment of interest upon railroad bonds, should bo decided by a court, and not by a representative convention. Mr. Large advocated the resolution, and charged ‘ conniption and bribery from tho beginning to end of the sohemes whioh' involved tho county in rail road subscriptions.' ... The yeas and nays were oolled upon the adop tion'of the soventh resolution. The vote stood— yeas,.Bs; nays, 35.,* absent, 10. . ‘ - The- other resolutions were then passed, after which'Dr. MoCLirtTbcK entered the fol lowing protest, signed by 1 thirty-one of the delegates: 1 Tho undersigned delegates to tho Democratic County Convention, now in session, respectfully, bat solemnly; protest against the introduction of anysubjeefc into said body, tho dlsoussion df which ‘ tends to distract ita deliberations —especially where such subject is of local origin ana interest, and where, complaints arising therefrom have their remedy alone in on appeal to the judicial tribunals of tho country. Holding theso views, we doshe to place on the minutes of this Convention our protest to the reso lution having .reference to resistance to county levies arising from city and county subscriptions to railroad enterprises, and others containing issues not recognised as of party affinity. We hold that our legitimate purposes in assem bling in Convention, toe only one specified in the call of the County Convention, is to selcot suitahlo persons to bo voted for at the coming October elec tion, and as a matter of nsago to ratify the nomi nations mode id March last for State officers,'and to renew our pledges to tho Constitution and tho Union. . Here we bolievo our duty stops—H would be un wise and dangerous to advance a step farther. It is no apology on tho oooosion that wo have hereto fore been so nnwiso as to tolerate the admission of irrelevant topics, that we should again involve our party, not only hore, but in tho Stato. and Union, in a war of divided opinion.. No action of ours can oithor. validate or invali date our alleged unfortunaterailroadsubscripUons. Tho past cannot be recalled—tho venture has been mode, and we, as law-abiding citizens, should bow to*'constitutional authority, The future is about being eared for, and after the ballot of noxt Ooto bor,' the fundamental law will bo so altered and amonded os to prohibit reckless action on the part of both the people and their representatives. We would, therefore, rather call upon the masses tocomo forward at tho appointed period and de posit their votes in favor of;the constitutional amendments, that safety my bo'sccared for tho fu ture. than (in frothy declamation) appeal to their passions and oak them to resist liabilities not de nied to hnvo been incurred by their logally consti tuted agents, and whloh aro hereafter to undergo the arbitrament of a tribunal of last resort, f • It is tho anxious desire of the undersignod that thotr Democratic friends outside this stronghold of the enemy should understand that they utterly re pudiate all leaning towards repudiation—resist its approach .as an unuoly. innovation on our political faith, and “will not hold him guiltless” who thus offends the loyalty of party by casting this brand of disunion and disorganization amongst us. Whilst others in tho march of overwrought personal fool ing ohoose to hazard tho peaoo of tho party, and risk placing on its “ esoutohoon” a taint of dis honor, it is our duty. to sustain the former, and prevent the latter. , ■ It ia proper to say that in casting onr votes at tho Oetober election for the tieket formed this day, the question,of “tax” will not move us from our party fealty; and should it be successful, as we. sincerely hopo it will bo,‘that sucocss shall not .and must not bo considered a triumph of tho repu diation. _ However trne it may be that county officers have transcended .their power in tho issue of railroud bonds, and howover dear it may bo (hat officers of corporations, with whom our county and city au thorities have become associated, have proved false .to their trusts, wo hare States Attorneys and Grand, Juries to take cognizance of misdemoanor in the one, and malfeasance or embezzlement in the othor; and the members of this Convention, in thoiroapscHy.os citizens, arc at fault, believing, as they, do, that these official wrongs have not -been long since Inquired into, corroetcd and punched. - • While we therefore counsel tho strictest scrutiny into tbo conduct of official agents, wo would oheririi an inviolate public faith. Upon ’tMo ; proceedings tho. Pittsburgh Unton.ucmarks: . benefit of persons residing at a distance, who dtnoot fully cOmptehoud tho present difficul ti'js of d.nr oily and- county, it may bo woll enough ,jf) state, that the people of Pittsburgh, Allegheny City, and Allegheny county, some few years since, issued bonds to the amount of several millions of dollars, for, tho purpose of having certain railroads built, connecting tbo hood of the Ohio with other im .pprtapt localities. Had tho bonds been used os in tended—had ike" proceeds been fairjy applied to tho purpose designated, without any fraud, rascality, or deception—rnp peoplo, we beliove, would have met their pbllg&uohs Without a murmur. But U has so turned out that certain fdt aqd lazy officials, rail* row presidents, looker#, and contractors, have in JB®antimo absorbed & considerable portion of : £w U ' in big salaries, big shayes. and fat jobs. I s l bat tho rpilroaa Hn?s arc,with ? e3Eoe PU°ns,'not completed, and the city 'SrSSSRrJf to pay the expenses of a Hi doing so, however, they have, they contend, the right to grumble, and the h i® D ™ Mr “ tl ' ! Convuntlon mny bo regarded da the largest and most significant growl on tho occasion. * 1 * * Tho truth Is. there hayo heenon the r,„ rt of aomo .of our railroad oompanles; gross mlsmamteemont BaA.faltft. Rnd-Ootualfraadio thensoof the bonds which Were-' given by ,the city and county for their t dse* Thftip Taot? are apparent, and they neceasa rlly to some degree of indignation, But when plato, Common people aro onco aroused by .they are not easily brought to tske a cool ind calmview of their responsibilities. : Wben:an-aceommodation endorsement has been used contrary to the. understanding of the.parties) it ia rather.aifficulfc for even the man of business to notffioite himself to (he ton whtohjt hity occasioned' And with all the difference of opinion which has arisen in consequeno6*Qf the uabuUy of Allegheny county for railroad bonds, there is, after all, no other question than whether tho community, which had gone hail for £ railroad company, ought to bo Allowed to take advantage of the miscopduot of its principal. The lawyor.aml tho judgcwOulddooido that question against tho community. But the surety who has to pay the piper grumbles as sureties -from time immemorial'have grumbled, and will continue to grumble till the messed time so long expected shall aridvo—that millennium of sponges and borroworswben every man shall pay his neigh bor’s debts withmore pleasure than nis own. The Pittsburgh Post says of the seventh reso lution : It certainly oannot be construed to mean.repu diation by fair interpretation. Every man or bbdyof morihasthe right to resist, “'by tvll con stitutional and logat means,” the coHootion ora ololm against him which he deems burdensome or unjust But the means of resistance expressed in the resolution oan only refer to litigation in the regularly constituted courts, or by such political action as may effect further legislation on the subject. These moans of resistance arc certainly “ constitutional and legal, and are the unquestionable right of tho people. It may bo urged that regard for morality, good faith and public credit, should forbid all resist ance. Tho same considerations would cortainly put an end to a large portion of tho law-suits now Sending In all our courts. Municipal corpora ons have tbo same right to test their legal lia bilities that individuals have. Litigation may result, too, in ascertaining that some of the rail road bonds are in impropor hands, or havo been improperly obtainod. Somo resistance may also serve as an indication to tho railroad companies that.their best policy would be to pay tho interest themselves to the utmost of their ability, and not to be too willing to throw the whole burden upon the people. It may servo a further pur pose still. It may satisfy the bondholders that whenever tho stock of tho railroad company boars a fair relative value. to the bonds it would bo tbelr interest to exchange the bonds for the stook that represents them, and.thus relieve the county from all further liability. We believo tho twenty thousand shares of the stock of the Penn sylvania Railroad Company owned by tho county is worth more in any market now wan the million dollars of bonds Issued to that company. If tho bondholders would make the ex ohango it would reduce tho county indebtedness to that extent, and serve very much to allay tho pub lic apprehension and excitement. In timo we might nope that the bonds issued to other com panies might in the same way bo cancelled. Whilst opposed to repudiation, as heretofore, we are not, and never have been, opposed to fair and full investigation that may lead to the de tection of frauds in the disposition of the bonds. The resolutions of the Convention appear to us to sustain this view of the case. , IVe think the space we have given to this subject is well appropriated. This is but tho beginning, in this State, of a great agitation on a most important question. THE FORMATION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. « The world was not made in a day.” Time is required to develop as well as to destroy. Political iustitutions are subject to this law us well as material things. To be permanently beneficial in their character and thoroughly adapted to tho condition and necessities of the people they are to control, they must bo of gradual development, not of mushroom growth. Our own country has been tho theatre of more speedy changes and successful innovations than any other. But in considering the marked success which has attended our go vernmental experiments, we must not forget howmuch the protracted and peculiarly favor able antecedent training of our inhabitants conduced to it. The original pioneers of all the American colonies were left in a great measure, uudor their colonial chartors, to go vern themselves. ■ Notwithstanding their con nection with, and dependence upon, tho British Crown, their local legislatures decided many of the questions in which they were most deeply interested. They had to defend themselves from a savago foe, they had to provide the ways and means of advancing nearly all their interests and of maintaining their Govern ments, and they were constantly in the lmbit of discussing and considering tho political ques tions which affected their condition. They did not, therefore, enter upon the arena of nation ality as raw recruits in political science. In doing so, their position was not that of a peo ple emerging by one step from tho lowest depths of political degradation, to tho enjoy ment of a political system of their own con struction of the best and wisest character ever devised by tho wit of man. Determination and bravery enabled them to throw off the shackles of tyranny; but after winning their memorable victory, equal prudence, experience and know ledge were required to combat that most for midable of antagonists to successful revolu tionists—Anarchy. Their work would have been but half finished, and of comparatively little value,had they not how to cteate us well as to destroy—how ta found a Republic as well as to sunder the ties Which had subjected them to monarchical dominion. In this connection, it is curious to note the gradual arid cautious steps taken even in a re volutionary era, when tho necessity of somo new arrangement must have been painfully op-, parent to every reflecting mind, towards the formation of the Federal Constitution. It did not spring up in a night. It did not merely embody tho dreams of any one political philosopher. It did not consist of a hastily adopted copy of somo pre-existing Govern ment. On the contrary, it was only after deep and grave cogitation upon all its features, not only by the leading spirits of the time, but by the masses of tho people, and the most dili gent efforts to ascertain exactly what sort of regulations were required, that it eventually assumed tho perfect form which has rendered its operations so admirable in their charac ter. When the thirteen American colonics deter mined to make common cause against Great Britain, union was, of course, rendered abso lutely necessary to give efficiency to their joint deliberations. A committee was appoint, ed to devise some method of accomplishing this end, in June, 177 G, but the Articles of Confederation were not finally agreed to by tho delegates *in Congress assem bled until November, 1777, nor were they ratified by eight States until July, 1778, nor finally ratified by all the States until tbo Ist of March, 1781. Experience, liowover, proved tho imperfection of tho system thus inaugurated. The defects most complained of, and indeed the only ones which appear to have been seriously felt, were tho want of necessary means of raising rovenue, and tho absence of power to regulate or control tho foreign trade and commerce of the country. It was not ori ginally designed to remedy those defects by tbo formation pi a new Constitution. It was •proposed, in 1781, to apply to tho States for the additional powers deemed nccossary. Rhode Island flatly refused to grant them. In December, 1782, a committee considered tho objections she had urged, and ably replied to them. In April, 1788, resolutions wore adop ted by Congress recommending tbo several States to grant it tho necessary powers to levy imposts. In April, 1784, resolutions were adopted requesting tho several States to grant Congress power to prohibit commerce with na tions that had not formed commercial treaties with us. In July, 1785, propositions for further 1 changes in the Articles of Confederation were considered,but^were not finally determined upon by Congress. After the subject had thus been re peatedly agitated, in February, 178 G, a com mittee reported upon tho action that had been taken by tbo several States in reierenco to levy ing imposts. It was found that they had failed to grant the powers asked for. Two States, Delawarcand N orth Carolina,liad fully acceded to the proposed system in all its parts; seven States, Now, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Con necticut, Now’ Jersey, Virginia, North Caro lina, and South Carolina, had granted the power of levying impost duties in such a manner that if the other Bix States had made similar grunts the plan of the general impost might have been put into immediate operation; while four States, Rhode Island, New York, Maryland and Georgia, bad not decided in ihvor of any part of the system. In consequence ofthis faPurc, the subject was again earnestly pressed upon tho attention of the severa l States. In March, 1786, a committee reported to what extent the recommendations of 1784, requesting power to prohibit commerce with nations with whom we had no commercial treaties, had boon acceded to. It was found that four States had fully complied with the recommendations, six others partially, and four had taken no action what ever. The subject was again earnestly urged upon tho consideration of tho States. IVo shall resume this subject to-morrow. Pennsylvania Pearh : —We have seen at the jewelry atoro of Mewr®. J- E. Caldwell A Co., Chestnut atreot, a pearl of gro&t beauty, which . wflfl found in Borka county, in this State. It is per fectly round, the tme shape of a pearl, find nearly one inch and a quarter to circumference, or about the size of a largo pea. The color is pure white and the surface remarkably smooth. Th* valuo of it is one hundred nnd fifty dollars. We bolieve that this is the first time pearls havo been found in Pennsylvania, though for twenty years past they have occn occasionally found in New Jersoy, and within tho last year or two in numbers: The New Jersey pearls are, however, seldom a pure white; some of them have a pink tint, and others a blpisb, or blackish hue. This pearl was brought to Messrs. Caldwell & Co. lost week' by some men of rastid appearance, who were not disposed to be oommnnloative as to tho locality whore tbo pearl was found, and they gave no more dofimte design*, tlonof thoplaca than merely Borks county. They hod an extravagant idoaoiits value, and asked five hundred dollars for it at first, and oamo down father unwillingly to its market price. They hod also iu their possession a number of smaller pearls, ijttteVfilUQ' . , THE PRESS.—PHILADELPHtA, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1857. LATENT FROM EUROPE. , _« i •. The Atlantic maSPsWamahip, wlilch aMived In New York oh Sunday, has brought news from Liverpool,to tho 19th of August, herday of Bailing. On that day, the Directors of tho Telegraph Company were to have met, then to decide whether a further attempt to lay the Sub-Atlantic cable should 'bo made, next month, after tho Equinoctial galea had ter minated, or to unship the cable and defer the matter until next summer. There was a gen eral desire to proceed as early as possible with tho undertaking, but there was a strong doubt as to the possibility of doing so immediately! One unexpected difficulty arises from the sus picion that, though tho distance trom land to land is undor 1,900 miles, and 2,000 miles of cable were manufactured, the cablo is of insufficient length. Tho cable broke at 280 miles distance from Ireland, in a straight line, but 380 miles of the cable had been paid out—making one hundred miles difference, or over one-fourth of the distance, as measured by length. Theexdess was caused by tho depthof the Atlantic Ocean being greatly more than had been expected. Therefore, there ia a pos sibility that, even if tho cablo had not broken, tho squadron would havo found, at somo dis tance frem Newfoundland, that all the cable had been used up. Of the portion lost, a por tion can be recovered, from tho Irish land ter minus. Tho whole pecuniary loss would bo about £25,000. • This is the most interesting topic in tho European news. Parliament was liuirying through its work, to allow of tho proroga tion, by the Queen, on the 21th ult. The mismanagement of British railways was at tracting the attention and censure of the" news papers. Napoleon 111. had inaugurated tho Louvre, now completed, after a delay, of 800 years, and joined to tho palace of the 'rail leries, making tho united palaces, by,ffir tho finest public building in Europe, devoted to secular purposes. Tho linion between France and England he getting firmer, and as one consequence of NAroLEON’s-petent visit to Queen Victoria, it was rumored that, in the almost certain , event of the condemnation, in France, of Ledbu Rollin for complicity in tho late conspiracy at Paris, Lord Palmerston would compel him to quit England. Indeed it was said that Ledru Rollin was already en route for the United States. Another result of the Osborne visit was the agreement to hold an European conference on the commercial af fairs of Turkey. There was no further news from Ifidja. Largo re-iuforcements of British troops had been sent' oft’, or were ready to go. Genoral 'Wvndiiam, the Crimean hero of tho Redan, had been sent to India, where ho will have a high' command. Tlie funds were firm, and a slight advance on the last prices. CORRESPONDENCE. [GorresjKmdcnce of Tub Puhss.] A fow days ago tho Washington Intelligencer contained odltoilal remarks on an a anticipated Burplu3in tho Treasury,” in which it concluded, on certain cst mates, that tbero would, at tho ond of tho present fiscal year, bo a surplus rovonuo of thirty millions of dollars to add to the twonty millions al ready lying in the Treasury. “So largo a sura,” it obsorved, “ permanently abstracted from the currency, can hardly fail, ns has been truly re marked, to create commercial embarrassment and to paralyze tho arm of industry.” Your cor respondent boiioved this article was calculated to create distrust in tho publio mind throughout thccountry and abroad, although such may not have been tbo intention, with reference to oar financial affairs, when just now there was alrcndy too muoh distrust in consequence of late events in the North and West, and, with a view to rolieve any nppfe honslons which might be entertained on this point, he exhibited in what particulars the Intelligent cer } s ostimutca wero not well-founded. Yesterday’s issue of that paper stated that “ the oorrospondent of tho Philadelphia Press is inclined to think we hnve over-estimated tho amount of thopublic reve nue which is Hkoiy to be raisod under tho opera tion of tho now tariff, and havo ?m<fcr-estiraated the probable exponses of the Government for the current year,” and ibat “ we think It not unlikely that with regard to both these points tho estimate whioh we cited may prove to bo widoof the mark,” thus yielding the point and conceding tbo Impro* bability of a surplus of fifty millions tying In the Treasury at the termination ofHhia fiscal year, “ to’ create commercial embarrassment arid to paralyse tho arm of industry.” * It is objected that tho sum total of expenditure for 1856, put down in tho ofitclal documonts at $72,948,792, “ was not wholly duo to tho ordinary appropriations made to moot tho annually accruing expenses of tho Government, but resulted in part from the redemption of a portion of our national debt, contracted undor a former Administration. ” It cannot be successfully controverted that the liquidation of tho national debt Is, under the policy which has been inaugurated by the Govern ment, an ordinary expenditure, although thero may, I admit, bo thoso who consider it quite ex traordinary that wo should as rapidly as possible relievo oursolvos from that embarrassment. There was an expenditure to that end in 1850, another in 1857, and there will bo another, I do not doubt, in 1858. Nearly thirteen millions was devoted to tho payment of the national dobt in 1850, the Intelligencer rccitos, but included in that amount is nearly two millions expended in pay ment of interest on thnt debt, whlchlnterest sure ly is an ordinarily accruing expenditure until tho debt is extinguished. But what arc tho facts for tifo present fiscal year, tho expenditures for which will, tho Intelligencer estimates, reach §50,000,000. It is tins amount, subtracted from its estimated rovenue of $80,000,- 000, which gives “$80,000,000 of surplus to add to tho $20,000,000 already lying in tho Treasury.” Tho estimates of the appropriations proposed to bo made for tho fiscal year ending Juno 30,1858, amounted to $71,301,822.76, excluding any amount for the purchase of any portion of tho national debt.. Do fioicncy bills aro now brought in as regularly as othor appropriation measures, and it Is not too much to assume .that there will bo oho for 1858 which will inoro&so thoso estimates. Looking to an untieipated surplus of $50,000,000 tk o Intelligencer observed, that, by porno, “such an accumulation of money is, rcg&rdod as little othor than a ‘corrupting fund’ by which the eyes of Congress aro assumed to bo pcrpotimlly dazzled, and its membors exposed to tho increased danger of embarking in wild and extravagant schemes of national expenditure.” And in another placo it added, that “it will, therefore, remain fer the wis dom of Congress to provide some nteans by .which to remedy tho evil of too much prosperity in our national finances,” suggesting as soma, of tho moans “the distribution of such surplus tmong tho. sovcral States, or iu grants and appropriations to objects of national utility.” Your correspondent suggested that, instead of any wild or extravagant appropriations for other purposes,' it would bo muoh bettor to disposo of any surplus re/euuo over that nocossary for thoordinary wants of fao Govern* mont, in liquidation of tho national dobt. From the votes and speoohes in Congress of tho members of tho Administration, it may fairly be inferred thnt they havo ns little afFeot(on for a sur plus rovenue as any othor citizens, and lhat' they will strive, with tho aid of tho Domocmtio Con gress, to meet in Dccombor noxt, to brinjtho rove mio down to tho mcasuro of an cconomiatl admin istration of the Government. In this Work all moderate and conservative men will bid them God epoed. X. V. Acadkmy op Music.—This evening tho last’ “Promenade Concert” of tho season will tako place, and tho doors of tho beautiful Aoademy wilt then romain olosed till tho commemomont of the engagement with “Ronzmii's Trisipe” of celebrated artistes. Tho Opera House will doubt less bo crowded to-night. Let overybodj go and take a farewell view of the beauties of tbe estab lishment. Tim Natioxai,,—Burton niado his bow before us lust evening ns the actor and manager, undrccoivcd agenuino reception. Tho house, ns woll muy bo anticipated, was os full us a London Aldoramn after a Turtle soup feast. As each member of the company appeared they were 'warmly joaeivod. When 3r. Ollayod camo forth ho got a “Gunner,” nnd seemed to foci that ho was onto again among his old friends, and all lie tould do to hido it, old reminiscences, wollod uft in ins oyes. To-night he givos uh tho “lleir at Law.” and “Thatßlessed Baby” (not Mrs. Cun ningham’s,) and good nature will bo there to par ticipate in hi* humor. Mr. Burton is atnoug us for tho purposo of giviug us somo raro dramatic treats, to whicn wo have been strangers, and wo arc satis fied that with tho talcut, tact, and expcricooo thnt iio possesses, he ennuot fail to bo libcrailycncour aged. Tub Ancn.—Last ovoning, Mrs. D P. Bowers, after a lupso of some months, again opplarod at .tho Arch. Tho houso was filled to execs before the ourtatn was up, and much disappolntricnt was manifested among thoso turned from thi doors. Mr. Davenport, cast for tho “ Strangoj,” was taken ill during tho afternoon, and nfe place was supplied by Mr. Wheatley, who isj always “up” when any of tho stars of h(s com pany aro down. This welcome of Mrs. Bowers was - a true compliment to a groat favorite and a lady of worth. Tho narquette ani boxes were almost entiroly occupied by ladies. At the dose of tho “Strangor,” Mrs. Bowers, amidst the most vociferous choorlng, was lod before tbe our tain by Mr. WhontUy. The stage was strewed with boquets from all sides, end Mrs: 8., in a few remarks, returned thanks to all who had been her friends in the bright hour and dark. Sbo compli mented Mrs'. Dttvoriport and Manager Whtetfoy, when her feolingStovorcamo her, and she retired sobbing from tho stage. Mr. Wheatley made some happy remarks, and promised always to make the Arch tbe kevstono of his suooess. So far be h&s done so, and him continue to win golden opto* lone, FROM WASHINGTON* Washington, Aug, 31,1857. AMUSEMENTS. 1 f NEWS BY TEL-EORAPH. FROItf WASHINGTON, [SPECIAL DESPATCH for THE PHBS3.J Arrinil of 6ru. Whitfield from Kansas—The New Sloop of War—Appointments, fee. Washington, August 81.—Gen. Whitfield arrived In this city, direct from Kansas, lato last evening. Quiet is fully restored, aud Governor Walker in .creases each day in popularity. Emigrants wlio went out this spring aro in general solid men, who look to their labors in tho Territory for a competence, and, as one of tho main helps to ouch a result, peaco aud good government among all tho poople. The extreme men, the Jim Lanes it id omne genus , aro gettiug disgusted with the desertion of their adherents. Gov. Walker, in conversation recently with a young man'just from Kansas, said that he went to tho Territory expecting to find himself beset' by difficulties on oil sides, but not such as he had to surmount. By the blessing of Heaven he will coutinuo to discharge his duty under the Con stitution and laws fearlessly, with no regard that is not for the good of the people over whom lie has .been placed by the Chief Magistrate of the nation. The Board of Officers, to decide on tho modefs and proposals sent Into th© Navy Department, under an ad vertisement for bids for the construction of asloop-of war, held an Informal meeting this morning. Captains llartstbin and Pesderorast -being absont from the city, adjourned until to-morrow. The Postmaster General lias appointed James B. Mo- Dadr route agent on tho North Carolina Railroad, from Goldsboro’ to Charlotte; Jons J. Maoladohmx on the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Harrisburg to Port Tevor ton; Edward Donxblly on the Railroad from Clnrin. natitoLogansport, Indiana; and Wm. 8. Hunt, on the Chicago, Alton, and St. Louis Railroad. Tho claimants of certain in-lots and out-tots, in and adjoining St. Louis and other towns and villages men tioned in the act of Congress of May 20. 1824, wore required to come forward nnd prove their claims, and tho extent of the lots, within eighteen months. Ac cordingly, In 1828, the Recorder made a report of tho claims thus confirmed. A question, however, has recently been raised as to the power of the recorder to revise or change such adjudications; as, for instance, where it is alleged that an error has been made in the Christian name of a party, and arterwards it was awarded to another. The General Laud Office has recently decided that, by the adjudication, the recorder exhausted his power over tho subject-matter, and that the courts are the proper tribunals For correction of any error of this hind. X. Y. FROM CALIFORNIA. ARRIVAL OP THE EMPIRE CITY AT NEW ORLEANS. The Illinois Ashore at Colorada Reef. » 51,500,000 IN GOLD COMING. NEWS UNIMPORTANT. LARGE FIRES IN THE INTERIOR, New Orleans, August 31.—The United States mail steamship Empire City, from Havana on tho 27th inst.. arrived here yesterday. She reports the steamship Illinois, from Aspinwall, with five hundred passengers, over $1,500,000 in specie, wont ashore on Coloroda Reef, seventy miles west of Havana, where sho remainod for threo days. Assistance was sent her, and she was got off with much difficulty, but sustaining little damage. The steamer Empire City and tho war steamer Bianco do Gray assisted in releas ing her from her dangerous position. Tho Illinois had to throw off two hundred tonsof coal. Tho Illinois would probably lcavo Havana for New York on tho 29th of August, where sho would bo duo to-morrow or Wednesday. THE NEWS. The advices furnished by California papers, received' from tho Illinois per the Emplro Clt)', are of an unim portant charncter. Several largo Ores in tho interior of tho State aro re ported. The towns of Saint Louis and Michigan Cliffs had been destroyed by firo. Tho politics of tho State was tho principal topic of discussion. Tho weather and crops were iu a good con dition. Tlio advices from South America aro unimportant, FROM HAVANA. The Cuba advices furnished by tho Empire City are also unimportant. The stock of Sugar in tho Havana market was 244, 000 boxes. Exchungo had improved. Com. Hudson, of the Niagara, on the Accident to the Coble—Gov* Walker's Defence of his Official Conduct, dec. Washington, August 31 .—Captain Hudson, command ing officer of tho frigate Niagara, iu communicating to tho Navy Department the particulars in regard to tho accident to tho submarine cable, says he haa every rea son to believe, from what has thus far been experienced in the wire-laying, that, under ordinary circumstances of weather, and with machinery adapted to the purposo, (for such os they had on board requires altering and improving,) tho cable may bo laid in sftfety on the track marked out for it In tho Atlantic ocean. He says that at the tiiuo tho cable parted, the company’s chief engi neer, Mr. Charles T. Bright, and his men, were attend ing their brakes to lesson the expedition of tho cable, Until it was finally carried away, which accident made all hands, throughout tho day, like s household or a fSmily which had lpst Its dearest friend, for the officers and men had become deeply intorestod in the success of the enterprise. Wilhelm Docsol has been recognised by tho Tresldont aa consul for the Grand Dukedom of llokso Darmstadt, for Maryland j and North and South Carolina, to reside in Baltimore. Governor Walker was, at the last accounts, preparing a defence of his official conduct, to'place himself right, before the people of Mississippi especially, aud of the South generally. The Minnesota Constitutional Convention—A Settlement of the Difficulties—One Constitu- tion agreed upon. Bt. Paul's, Aug. 29, via Dubuqde, Aug. 31.—The Conference Committee, appointed by tho “doublo headed’’ Constitutional Convention, to prepare a con stitution for Minnesota, made a favorable report yester day In their respective branches, which was adopted. But one Constitution, conforming with the views of both parties, will bo submitted to the people. The dispute having been thus amicably settled, the Convention will probably adjourn to-day. Payment of Interest to Maryland—Census of Minnesota, Washington, August 31.—The Treasury Department has just paid between two and three hundred thousand dollars to the Stato of Maryland, as interest on a half a million of dollars to which the Uulted States became indebted to that State during the war of 1812. Tho principal was paid between 1818 and 1822. Tho Secretary of the Interior has instructed tho U. 8. Marshal of Minnesota to take a census of that Territory whenever ho is informed that it is the wish of tho peo plo to form a Constitution and Stato Government, pre paratory to admission into the Union. Monetary Excitement at Buffalo—Bank Failure, Buffalo, Aug. 31.—Tho Hollister Bank has failed. A heavy run ban been made on White, Oliver, Lee k. Couipeoy’s Bank, and also on the Buffalo City Bank Tho excitement has been intense all the morning, but ia now subsiding. The Reciprocity Bank will not resume this morning, as nos expected. Ordered to India. Halifax, Aug. 01, —Orders have been received herOj for equipping four rcglmeuts with immediate despatch for India. Arrival of the General Williams, at St.Johns* St. Jouss, AugustOl.—The steamer Gebcral Williams, connected with the Northern Atlautic line, in place of the Circassian, has arrived at this port, en routt for Halifax and Portland. She left Liverpool on the 17th*inst. The New School Presbyterian Convention. Richmond, Aug. 31.—Tho Presbyterian (N. S.) Con vention, this morning, resumed the discussion of the fourth resolution relativo to tho organization of a Gene ral Synod; which is still continued. Washington, Aug. 31.—The published report of Sa turday’s proceedings contains nothing of iutcrest, be yond what has been telegraphed. New York Bank Statement.o Nfw York, August 31.—The Bank statement for th week ending Saturday last, show* a Decrease of Loans $3,550,000 “ “ Specie 855,000 “ “ Circulation 23.000 « “ Deposits 4,551,000 Loss of a Schooner on Lake Ontario. Oswkgo, N. Y., AugustOl.—The schooner “Iceberg” is supposed to be lost on the Lake, with all onboard. Snobelonged to Dr. line, and was to go nextspringJu search of Sir John Franklin The Steamer City of Toronto Ashore Port Au Basquk, August 31.—T1»p steamer City of Toronto', from Liverpool, and bound to Montreal, wont ashore on the night of tho 17th inst., on the Straits of Belle Isle. She had seven feet of water in tho hold. Two hundred packages of dry goods were saved, which, with the remainder of the wi*ecked goods, will bo taken to Tartoau There were no lives lo^t. The City of Toronto was a Bailing vessel of •seven hundred tons, with passengers, The Southern Mall. Washington, August 31.—Tho Kouthem mail fur nishes papers from all poiuU us late as due. Theireon tents arc uuimportant. Forty thousand bushels of new wheat were received at Wiluilngtou, N. 0., tip to tho 27th in»t. Tho rice crop in the interior of South Carolina was very promising. The Farmers* Bank of Providence. Promdrncr, August 31.—Tho Fanners’ Bank of thin city wm temporarily enjoined to-day, ou application of the Bank commissioners. [From tho New York papers of last evening.] Shortly beforo 12 o’clock on Sunday night one John Farrell was found ou tho corner of Washing ton and Canal Btreot'by Officer Harr, of the Eighth prooinct, with a dangerous stub in tho buck. Fur roll wftß assaulted cyan uuknown ruffian, who stubbed him us stated, nnd then ran off before tho polico canto up. Dr. Loving* attended the injured man, who was afterwards removed to hla residence. Tho California mail, that ia to leave on tho sth instant, will probably suffer no detention from tho accident to tho steamer Illinois, as tho company lmvo a spare steamer hero, tho Star of tho West, which onn bo got ready in time, should tho Illinois bo unublo to go. Tho steamer Borussia will sail for Hamburg to morrow. She will take out a fair complement of passengers. Captain Groves, of the sohooner Clara, lying at pier 38, East River, was robbed of $2l and his watch, botwoen one and two o’clock yesterday morning. Ho .was going on board his vessel when two men stopped him, demanded his money, out his hand with a knife, choked nnd bent him terribly, robbed him, and thon osoaped by means of a row boat which they pulled out into the river. M. Stoyer, a German, while temporarily de ranged, yesterday morning leaped from un attio window, corner of Washington street and Battery Place, and wub fatally injured. He died soon af terwards at the hospital. Coroner PemfliwiU hold an inquest, * THE CITY. A New and Successful Dodge, —Yesterday, a female of small stature, about twenty-fire years qf ago, dressed in deop mourning, with light hair, broad, full forehead, rosy cheeks, good-loosing, ana of fascinating manner, patronized tmo of tho numer ous dry good stores along Eighth street, abovo Market, in a two-fold capacity. In purchasing for herself, she remembored that her friend Mrs. , had requested that such and such email articles should bo procured for her at tho same time, and In the goodness of hor heart, she was desirous to save , a ' —7 tho trouble of calling for the trifles want ed, and if the storekeeper would send theso at the sarno time hors wore sent, all would be greatly ac commodated. Tho names brought into use for tho accomplishment of the end in view were tho3o of ladies of high reapectubility, and well known to tho merchant—both residing on the same Btreet and only a square or two apaTt. The larger package, containing a fine Stella shawl, several yards of merino, Ac., amounting in value to $l7 and odd, and tho smaller, containing little things about 5>3 in amount, were done up In proper stylo and despatched by the jouthful messenger of tho store in the company of tho sable-dressed female. On arriving at the house designated as hor own residence, our female in black politely requested her juvenile accompaniment to hand her the larger package, and to pass on to the dwelling of her iriond, deliver the little parcel there, get the mo ney for it, and on his return to call upon her and Rhe would then be in readiness to liquidate the $l7. Our young friend was up to the ordinary schemes resorted to by the sharp-witted in such matters; but in this enso there was no room for tho indulgence of a doubt as to the authenticity of tho transaction, her ladyship handling tho door-bell in the ordinary style for ad mittance (which, by tho by, was not rung.) So ho passed on up tho street. On reaching the designated residence, tho unwashed and dirty ap pearance of the front excited apprehensions (which wore soon realized) that tho occupants had not yet returned from their summer perambulations, and were yet absentees from tho city. Hastening back with all possible speed to the doorwhero “Madame in black” was parted with, its mistress was in uttor ignorance of tho transaction; had not made any purchase; had not authorized any one to do so for her; her door boll had not been rung, nor had any one called there to hor knowledge So tho conclusion became inevitable, that a new and un heard-of dodge had boon practised, in order to become possessed of one Stella abawl and a few yards of merinp, by a “ female in black.” Police Items. —An individual was arrested yes terday morning, for stealing a vest from the cloth ing store of Mr. Charles McDonough, South street, below Sixth. It apponrsthat he asked to look at porno vests, and several were shown him, but none Buited his taste, and he declined making a purchase. Soon after his departure from the store, Mr. Mc- Donough missed a satin vest, and he pursued tho man to Seventh and Bedford streets, whore he charged him with the theft. The fellow defied Mr. McD., and drawing a rovolver, ho was in the act of firing, when ho was seized and tho woapon wrested from him. 110 was taken before Alderman Me- Garry, and the vest found in his possession. He was committed to prison, although the officers bad to struggle with him to tako him to his destination. A day or two since threo lads, whoso names wo suppress, were arrested in tho Sixth Police District, fur the larceny of n largo sum of money from Mr. J. P. Fowlor, hardware merohant, Fifth stroet and Frankford road. They had a hearing beforo Al derman Thompson, of tho Ninth Ward, and were hold to answer tho chnrgo at court. Tho boys wero traced out and subsequently arrested by Ser- f cants John Smith and A. E. Thomas, and Qfilqor fcLoughlin of tho Sixth District. The boys were watched by Mr. Smith, and through his exertions about $76 wero recovered from them, among which was a check for $lO. During tho month ondlng yesterday, there were 1,891 arrests in Philadelphia, most of which were for trifling offences. In the First Police District, thoro wero 215 arrests; in the Second, 251; in tho Third, 71; in tho Fourth, 101; in tho Fifth, 137; in tho Sixth, 115; in tho Seventh, 123; iu the Eighth, 47; in the Ninth, 112; in the Tonth, 198; in tho Eleventh, 156; in tho Twelfth, 130; in too Thirteenth. 28; in the Fourteenth, 23; in tho Fiftocntb, 32; in the Sixteenth, 49. There wero 193 arrests by the Iteservo Corps, under Lieutenant Diekhart. Comparatively, Philadel phia may bo proud of hor reputation as a moral city. Scenes of violence aro but seldom witnessed, while under tho oxocllont police arrangements of Mayor Vaux, offences of a high grade have in deed bocomo of rare occurrence. Laying of the Comer Stone of the Firs j Presbyterian Church—lnteresting Exercises Tho corner Btone of the new houso of worship for tho First Presbyterian Church, in Kensington, situated in Franklin avenue, near Hanover street, was laid yestorduy afternoon atfour o’clock, in tho pre3onoo of a large nurabor of ladies and gontlc men—probnbly about ten thousand. Tho interesting exercises wero commenced by the singing, by tho choir, of the anthem from tho Lute of Zion, beginning with tho words— <( lharo seen the watchmau upon the walls.” An impressive prayor wft3 then delivered by the Rev. Mr. Murphy, after which tho Rev. Mr. Malin roud tho 22d chapter of II Chronicles. Tho ohoir then sang, in excellent manner, the anthem: Whoa the I.onl shall build up Zion.” Tho Rev. Albert Barnos was thon introduced to the audience, and in a dear and forcible address of some length, be completely enchained the at tention of his hearers. He referred oloquontly to the benign influences of houses of worship, and by numorous foots argued tbeir benefit, even in a temporal point of view. Tho speaker contended that Protoatant places of worship were the cheap est, costing less than the ancient Hebrew and Pagan forms. Wo erect, said he, a place for the worship of Almighty God in this neighborhood. Tho conse quence, aye, tho belief t, is immediately perceived in the augmentod value of all real estate lathe vicinity; and thus wo loam that it is a practical economy to contribute towards Its erection. Wherorer thoro aro ohurchos, thcro will wo And intelligence, temporaoce, industry, the kindnesses of, social life, ana a love for the institutions of tho country. Mr. Barnes said it was a significant foot, that no infidel house had ever] been erected in this country; thoro are no altars kero to idol gods; no temples for heathen divinitios; all our now religious odifiocs have been for the worshipful adoration of tho only nnd true God, and for tho advancement of the Christian religion. Theso buildings, thus dedicated stud the land os so many proofs of tho affection of the people for thoir Omnipotent Makor. Mr. Barnes spoke at length and with much effect, and concluded by ex pressing a hope that, while tho spiro of the church pointed heavenward, thousands and tens of thou sands might reap eternal good from tho instruc tions of thoso who weekly spoko within its sacred walls. Tho choir then sang tho hymn, com mencing with tho line— “ O Lord, our Gorernor.” A history of tho ehureh organization was then rend by tho pastor, tho Rev. George Chandler. Tho congregation worship? in Palmer street above Queen. Tho old church building was erected in 1813, and enlarged in 1835. Tho Sabbath School now contains 400 children Tho lot of tho site for tho new church building is 95 foet front by 100 feet deep. The church will bo 02 feet 8 inches front, and 100 feet deep, includ ing an octagonal projection, intended for the spire, which is to do 180 feet in height. The basement will be occupied by heating apparatus; the first floor by a study for the pnfltor, a room for the Sab bath tchool scholars, a room for a Biblo class, and another for the scholars of tho infant Sabbath school. Tho seoond floor will be used as tho main ball for public worship. It will be 72 foot in length bpr 50 foot front. There will bo throe gullcries in this hall, and seats for 1,100 persons. Tho material used in tho construction of tho church edifleo is to bo brick—tho front being in imitation of brown stone. The stylo of architecture is to bo mixed orßoman esquo. The architect is Mr Samuel Sloan. Tho estimated cost is $20,000, a large portion of whioh has already boon subscribed, and more promised by a number of wealthy citizens. There aro at pre sent 200 pow-holdors. Tho choir, whioh is univer sally pronounced to boono of the largest and most efficient in tho city, Is undor the direction of Mr. James Wilt. The corner stouo was laid by tho Rov. Mr. Chandler, and tho following articles deposited in tho box: Holy Biblo, Psalmist, Constitution of tho Presbyterian Church of tho United States, Daily, Weekly and Religious Papors, Gold aud Silver Coins, Names of tho Pastor, Elders, tho Boards of Trustees, the Chorister, and Sexton, and Pew Holders of tho First Presbyterian Church of Ken sington. Tho concluding address was delivered by tho Rov. Dr. McCloud, after which a prayer was offered by tho Rev. Mr. Adair, and tho benediction pro nouncod by tho Rov. Mr. Morse. The jukemblage tlion separated. Meeting of the Board of Guardians of the Poor. —This body held its sowi-montbly meeting yosterday afternoon, at the office of tho out-door Agont, North Seventh street, the President, Mr. Brown, in the chair. The fotlowlngmembcra were present: Messrs. Cook, Dunlap, Evans, •Fisher, Uackott, Heishley, Henzoy, Lftfferty, Lloyd, MoSe ioy, ltcoves, Robinson, Server, Smith, Taylor, Brown, president. Ti.*c following was tho census of the Ilousoon Saturday last: Total manlier In tho House *♦ “ pa me time last jrosr. Increase this year kk capitulation Admitted during the j>„t two »cok, 171 Birth. “ “ Dentil. “ 3; Discharged *' Eloped jr*’ Bound out “ 10 Among tho applicants for relief was a woman who alleges that her husband has been confined to his bed for yours punt, and that her son*, who are comparatively well oft* for this world’s goods, re fuse to contribute to her support. Tho subject wus referred to tho Solicitor. Tho proposal of Michael Carlin to take all of tho empty flour barrels at thirty cents each up to Janu ary, aud twonty-aeven cents afterwards, was ao copied. The out-door Agont reported that ho had col lected $551) 39 in board and support cases, and $773 of emigrant tax, and paid tuo tamo over to tho Treasurer. The Stoward roported that ho hud collected $72 27, and paid the same to tho Treasurer. Dr. Mosoly submitted tho following: llesolved , That tho Steward, Socrotary of tho Board, ami the Visitors, bo authorized to grant nor mils to persons wishing to visit the Alms house. . Tho Chair said ho could not consider tho resolu tion, it? it woagainst the rules. The Clerk submitted the following statement of tho appropriation* by Councils to tho diffoicnt District*—tho amounts oxpondod nnd the balance* on hand: Appropriated. Expended. Balance. Ist District $1,000.00 $701.75 $290.24 2d *• 1,300 00 816 00 485.00 3d “ 4,400.00 2,075.13 M"* B3 4th “ ........ 1,000.00 677.70 424 26 sth 1,300 00 000.25 i!O3 75 oth “ 1 500 00 1,258.30 243 01 7tli “ 850 00 400.00 355.10 Bth *• 750 00 601 05 188.05 &66 00 304.50 190 50 400 00 310.60 83.50 The Clerk submitted a notition to Councils, ask ing a transfer of some of the items of tho appro priations, which it wai agreod should be sent to * Tho°Cilork read bills amounting to $4,787 70, whioh wore onlored to bo paid, and tho Board, on motion, adjourned. Southern Vegetables.—During tho months of Juno and iuly last thoroarrivod in this city, from Norfolk, Va., 4320 packagos of vegetables, valued at $10,822.60. These consisted of peas, cucumbers, beans, potatoes, tomatoes, radishes, aspttfagus, apples, peaohw, pears, Aq, Meeting of the Journeymen Tailor*.— Purina ant to a published; eall, the Journeymen Tailor* of our city lflit in ma« meeting yesterday morning at Franklin Hall, Sixth street, below Arch. The attendance was quite large and respectable. Short ly after 9 o’clock the meeting was called to order, and Mr. John Hodgson was elected Chairman, aud Mr. John Coffman appoiuted Secretary. Tho President elated that tho meeting was called' under the superintendence of Messrs. Miller, Mc- Gill, O’Brien, Mulholland, Coginan, and Hcslop, who had been appointed a committee for that pur pose by tho Journeyman Tailors’ Trado Society. The. object in view was to adopt measures cal culated to advance tho pecuniary interests of the journeymen tailors, who were compelled to work for wages that wore : totally insuffi cient to .support a single man decently, without taking into consideration those who were the heads of families, and who hfld wives and children de pendent upon their daily toil for the bread by which their lives were sustained. A bill of prices was then submitted for conside ration, but a motion was made and carried to post pone its adoption for the present. Several of those present delivered forcible ad dresses, in which they urged tho meeting to unite with the old trade association, or to form a new protective society, and to stand by this organiza tion, so that their interests might be effectually advanced Speeches were made to this effect by Messrs. Leech, O’Donnell, Braff, Miller, Heslop, and others. One gentleman stated that scarcely a coat was sold in Philadelphia under three or four dollars’ profit, and yet tho employers were unwilling to pay their hands even a moderate price for the labor they perform. He said that Borne of the clothing palaces of Marketnnd Chest nut streets had been built on the blood of journey men tailors, Ao. Without coming to any conclusion as to what courao to pursue, the meeting adjourned to meet on Monday morning next, at nine o’clock. Fatal Accident. —Last evening, between six and seven o’clook, an elderly individual, whose name wo have been unable to ascertain, was ran over at the corner of Juniper and Market streets, whilo he was passing that crossing, by a rauaway horse attached to a light wagon. Incoming in eon tuct with the animal, he was immediately knocked down, and kicked in tho forehead, and received a compound fracture of tho skull. He was removed to tho Pennsylvania Hospital by Constable Harkins, of the Ninth Ward, and ho expired shortly after his admission. A card was found in his pocket, containing tho name of J. Still, house and sign painter, an old-fashioned watch, a pair of German silver speataoles, two keys, and other little articles. Coroner Delavau will hold an inquest this morning. His name and residence, as yet, are unknown. Misdirected Letters. —List of letters adver tised in the New York Herald , Saturday, August 29th, remaining' in tho post office, New York, un called for, no doubt misdirected for Philadelphia houses: Allen A Brother; Bates A Coates; E, H. Butler A Co.; Wm. Ronbrlght & Co,; Geo. W. Carpenter; Esherick Black A Co.; A. W. Har rison ; Hay A Co.; Jenkins A Co.; Jones & Co.; J. P. Lesley; J. E. Dewars A Co.; David Milne; Doct. James McClintock; Sami. Robinson A Co.; Russell A Schott; Lehigh Coal Company. The Public Schools. —After & vacation of six weeks, the public schoolsof oureity werere-opened yesterday morning at nine o’clock. During this period they have all been cleaned, and a number of them handsomely repaired. Tho scholars looked exceedingly well on their reassembling, and their happy countenances indicated anything but un pleasant feelings on their return to the daily rou tine of their interesting and important studies. Political. —We learn that arrangements have been made to render the Demouratio meeting in Independence Square, on Thursday evening, Sep tember 10th, well worthy of the Democracy of Philadelphia. The different wardjaesociationk will participate and be addressed by somo of tho most eloquent speakers of tho Union. Everything speaks well for an overwhelming triumph at the October election. The Police Telegraph.— were two thousand fivo hundred and fifty-six miscellaneous messages sent over tho wires of the municipal police and fire alarm telegraph during the month ending yesterday. Accident. —Yesterday afternoon a boy named Neely Carr, aged 11 years, while playing upon the roof of a house in Bridesburg, fell to the pave ment. striking his hoad. His recovery is consid ered doubtful. FURTHER FROM EUROPE. [PER ATLANTIC AT NEW YORK.] In “Tun Press” yesterday wo gave a well-di gested summary of the foreign nows brought by the America, at New York. Our regular foreign files have since come to hand, from which we make some additional extracts; From tho Times' City Article, a rumor has been circulated that a merchant at Liverpool, lately de ceased, has left liabilities estimated at .£300.000, of which. £lOO.OOO are upon forged acceptances. Tho preoiso facts have not transpired, but the state ment is believed to be true. The death of the de fafltcr is said to have been by suicide, and bis losses are supposed to have been increased by heavy speculations, noth in cotton and shares. -The English funds are steadily supported at their lato advance. In the Stock Exchange there was little inquinr, but the supply was adequate, and thero were few applications at the Bank. Although the Bunk of France had renewed its artificial purchases of bullion on a scale which shows that the reduction in the rate of discount in June last was altogether premature, there seems no reason to apprehend that on thia side the sup ply for tho present will so far fall short as to cause withdrawals from the Bank of England. The funds were a little fiatteron the 17tb, but toward tho closo buyers came forward, and the final quotations wore the same as those of yester day. In the discount market the demand for monoy was more active, owing to the extensive operations which are now going forward in bullion. On Tuesday, at a meoting of creditors, held in London, Mr. Coleman, the acoountant, submitted a statement of the affairs of the above firm, which showed a surplus of £33,000; claims, £078,000 ; assets, £716,640. The Northumberland District Banking Com pany, who hold mortgages upon tho prineipal part of the mines, have considerately consented to allow matters to stand over for a year, provided their interest is paid and inspectors are appointed. By a forced side the amount of tho mortgage could easily be realized, but the surplus, in that case, would for the general creditors oe small. .Tho course determined on by the meeting was to wind up the estate under inspection, so as to in sure a lull return to the creditors, and give Messrs. Curr A Co. jtime to consult with their mends, and, perhaps, make a suitabio arrangement without the transference of their property. The inspectors ap pointed are Mr. Bigg, manager of the Northum berland District Banking Company; Mr. Ander son, manager of tho Newcastle branch of the Bank of England, and Mr. G. S. Smith, of Lombard street. The amount of debts represented at the meeting was about £540,000. TnE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH CABLE. (From tbo London Star.] The real cause of acoident to the Atlantic cable appears to have arisen from some want of skill on the part of the man in charge of the break. There wore two men on board the Niagara who had charge of the breaks in turn, under the superintendence of Mr. Bright, the engineer. The first and best brakesman had retired from his task, and the man who succeeded him did not sufficiently account for the pitching of the vessel and putting the “dead nip" on, and when the stern of ths Niagara was in tho trough of the sea, the suddenness of the recoil broko the cable. It is now thought that, in any futuro experiments, relays of brakesmen will be necessary, so as to av• id the chance of their being overworked or becoming exhausted. It is estimated that the outside loss tho company will rostata in conscquonce of the failure wiU be £25,000. The experiment, as an experiment, has given general satisfaction. It is fully expected that at loast one* half of tho three hundred and thirty-five miles now in tho Atlontic will be recovorod. All that is within four hundred fathoms will be got up, but that part in deep sea at seventeen hundred fathoms will, in nil probability, not be recovered, as it is considered that tho strain put on by the friction of tbo water will bo greater than the cable in the deep sea could bear. This cable will, it is under* stood, be forthwith hauled up. CAUSES AND INCIDENTS OP TUE FAILURE—SAX" GOIXE HOPES.. ]Fromthe London News, Aug. 18.] The first attempt to connect theNcw World with tho Old by means of the Submarine Telegraph has proved a failuro. In this result there is much cause for immediate regret —none for permanent discouragement. The Atlantic will not be an • nihilated this year , but the sueeess of the great cxpc> intent is only postponed for a season. Our readers will remember tho elaborate accounts, with which we havo from time to time presented them, of tho manufacture and stowage of the 2,500 miles of eablo destined to stretch from shore to shore along tho bottom of tho Atlantio main. They will not have forgotten the report of that characteris tic meeting at Valentin under the genial presiden cy of Lord Carlisle, when every topio of allusion uud amplification that could possibly be pressed into the service was lavishly devoted to tne pur pose of speodlog tho great enterprise on its way with appropriate rhotorio&l embellishments. The original plan of laying down tho cable had been that tho Agamemnon and Niagara, each with half tbo length of cable ou board, should proceed to un agreed point in the mid-Atlantic, effect a junction between tho two detached portions of tbo line, and thenco steam in opposite directions, eastward to Ireland and westward to Newfoundland. This plan was abandoned; and it was determined that the ontire length of the vast coil should be spread along the ocean bottom from west to east in one continuous operation. From Valentin harbor the great ships set forth, tbo American frigate Niagara having the ta s k as signed her of “ paying out" tho first portion of the cable She was waited on through the ocean by tbo Susquehannah; thcjfamous Agamemnon, her partner in the grout enterprise, was attended in like manner by the Cyclops and the Leopard. The Qr*t *t??t was an unlucky one. A fraoturo took floee at i fiistaqco of less than four miles from the risk shore, *jhp damage thus occasioned was speedily repaired, and U° fi vo vessels again, on Saturday, the Bth of August, steamed out late the Atlantic. Till tho Monday following, all weut on prosperously. Tho weather was favorable, the maahjnerv worked admirably, a depth of 2,000 fathoms tied beyn reached, and some 300 miles of distance. Tbo telpgraphm communications with Valentin* were kept up without interruption. On tho Monday evening a heavy spell sot in, und a powerful nnderrcurront was experienced. Th}s ip* creusod through the night of Monday and tho early morning of Tuesday. At about 3i o’clock ou tho Tuesday morning, it was found that though the vossol was only making some three or four knots an hour, the cable was paying out five, ai*. and sometimes even sovon knots. At this rate, it yeas obvious that the quantity of wire on board would be exhausted before tho Newfoundland shore was reached It became necessary to tighten the strain on the cable, ami this was accordingly done till the pre suro reached 3,090 pounds. This was at 3} o’clock on the Tuesday morning. Thoro was a heavy swell running at tho moment that the full increased Sower was thus put on tho break, the stem of the ’iagara was low down in tbo trough of the sea. As she rose on the back of the waves the extra strain thus occasioned was more than tho strength of the eablo conld bear. It gave way under the pressure, and, parting at some distance from the ship’s stem, It sank down like lead through the mighty waters on that portion of the telegraphic plateau between Ireland apfi Newfoundland where tho Atlantio reaches its maximum depth of not less than 2,000 fathoms. At tho time of the severance tho Niagara had mado from 260 to 280 miles in a diroct course from Vnlentia harbor, and tholength of eablo that had been let go was about 880 miles. It is remarkable enough that a somewhat simi lar failure has hitherto attended almost all these submarine enterprises in the first instance. The provisions of science are extraordinary, but they, cannot quite dispense with tho teachings of expo*' qualified to fores appear* to be, that wo nave.leanled enough fix this first .essay to render the success of the next attempt morally certain. Two important point* have been decisively set at rest by what has already been achieved. The un paralleled length of the eoble, and the vast depth .to which it was sank, have presented no obstacles to its telegraphic working;"until the final disaster occurred, messages were flashed with the most per fect success along 2,500 miles of wire, a portion of which was submerged to the depth of very nearly two miles in the ocean! Another point relates to the rate at which the cable ean be paid out. It has been conclusively proved that taere is no .ob stacle to laying U down at tho rate of fire miles i per hour, »/* the greatest depth of water that j exists, on the proposed line of submersion, between Ireland and Newfoundland. The principal defect appears to be in the “paving out gear,” the machinery by which the cable tv delivered from the ship’s deck into the ocean. Another difficulty to be overcome in sinking a c&btoo* such length to a depth so great—a diffi culty which has probably been more fully #emun stratod by the results of this experiment than it could have been by previous calculation—is the great force of the under-eurrent. While the direct course of the Niagaia was only about 280 miles the expenditure of cable was about 330—a differ ence which a priori could scarcely have been cal culated upon. In the next venture every circum stance of this kind will be token fully into calcula tion ; the mechanism for passing the cable into the water will no doubt receiveall those improvements of wbioh it is susceptible, and. if the time be so fortunately chosen aa to secure three week 3 of favorable weather, (a circumstance by no meansi m* material,) there can be no reason whatever for des pairing of ultimate success. COMPLETION OF THE LOUVRE. [From the Daily New?.] The ceremony of inauguration took place this day at two o’clock. Long before that hoar crowds of people thronged the Rue de Ri roll, the quay?, ana other approaches to the palace. The Place du Carrousel, from the triumphal arch of the Tulle ries down to the Pavilion Sully, was occupied by troops—the National Guard on the left, and the Zouaves and a battalion or two of the Line on the right. The entrance was by the Pavilion Deuon. (the pavilions are named after men distinguished in the arts and sciences.) which is to the right of the Pavilion Sally. At half-past one all the great personages of the day had arrived Exactly at two o’clock the drums beat to armsas a signal that the Ehnpe ror, punctual to a moment, as ever, was approach ing, and a cry of “ Vive l* Empereur from the crowd below announced that he. was already, at the entrance The bossing of conversation, wav at once boshed, and all turned in sfleqeft towards the entrance. M. Fould, Minister o£;Sfate and of the imperial household, was at the'gates to receive him. "" In a few minutes the Grand Chamberiais'caUei out, “ I'Emmrcnr,' 1 and the next moment his Ma jesty. in military uniform, made his appearance. All stood up, and the cry of “ Vive VEmperear ran through the ball. The Emperor was accompa nied by the Empress, and followed by Prince Na poleon, the Princess Mathilde, the Prince and Princess Murat, and a long array of chamberlains and officers of the household. The Emperor ad vanced to the extremity of the hall, where a throne was placed on a platform covered with crimson velvet, with another by its side for the Empress, and on both side 3 fautenih for the princes of the imperial family. The Emperor re qnested the assembly to be seated, and took'his seat on the throne. Business was opened without & minute’s delay. M. Fould stood up and read from a paper the speech, in which a rapid sketch was given of the beginning and completion of the building, from 1852 to the present time. The list was then read of the persons engaged iu theso important works, whom the Minister recom mended as worthy of special marks of theßmperor’s approval. The names were numerous, ana com prised every class, from the principal architect, sculptor aud painter, to the working mechanic—all, in fact, who excelled in their respective branches. These persons advanced as their names were called, and each received from the hands of the Emperor the Cross of Commander, Officer or Knight of the Legion of Honor. Loud applause followed the men tion of several of tho names. Each recipient, as the decoration was delivered to him, bowed to the Emperor and Empress, who returned the salute most gracefully. The Emperor and Empress then stood up, and nis Majesty read, iu a firm and dis tinct voice, the following address; Gentlemen: I congratulate myself, with you, on tho completion of the Louvre. I congratulate my self especially upon the causes which have ren dered it possible. In fret, it is order restored, stability and the ever-increasing prosperity of the country which have enabled me to complete thifc national work. I eall it so because tbe Go vernments wbieh have succeeded each other have made it a point to do something to wards the completion of the royal dwelling commenced by Francis I. and embellished by Henry 11. Whence this perseverance, and even this popularity in the building of a palace? It is because the character of a people is reflected iu its institutions as in its customs, in the event that excites its enthusiasm as well as in the monuments which become the object of its chief interest. Now France, monarchical for so many centu ries, which always beheld in the central pow er the representative of her grandeur and of her nationality, wished that the dwellings of the sovereign should be worthy of the country, and tho best means of responding to that sentiment wa3 to adorn that dwelling with the different master-pieces of human intelligence. In the mid dle ages the King dwelt in a fortress, bristling v with' defensive works; but soon the progress of civilization superseded battlements, and tbe produce of letters, of the arts and sciences, took the place of weapons of war. Thus, the history of monuments has also its philosophy as well as the history of event*. In like manner it. is re markable that at the time of tbe first revolution the Committee of. Public Welfare should .have continued without being aware of it the work of Louis XI., of Richelieu, of Louis XIV., giving the last blow to the feudal system and carrying qot the system of unity and eentraUsauon. tne constant aim of monarchy—in like manner is there not a fraat lesson to learn in beholding the idea of Henry V., of Louis XIII., of Louis 2QY, of Louis XV., of Louis XVI, of Napoleqn, as regards the Louvre, adopted by the ephemeral w>wer of 1813. One of die first acts, in fact, of the Provisional Government was to decree the completion of the palace of our king*. So true is it that a nation draw* from its antecedents, as an individual derives from hi* edu cation, ideas which the passions of a moment do not sucoeed in destroying. When a moral impulse is the consequence of a social condition of a coun try, it is handed down through centuries, and through different forms of Government, until the object in view is attained. Thus the completion of the Louvre, towards which 1 thank you for your co-operation, given with so much zeal and skill, is not the caprice of a moment, but is the realiza tion of a plan conceived for the glory, and kept alive by the initinct of the country for more than 300 years. The whole ceremony lasted about three-quarters of an hour. Tho Emperor and Empress descended from the platform and returned as they qjtme, their Majesties bowing to both sides as they passed down the gallery; and amid cries of “ ViverEm pereurl" li Vtve VlmperatriceP* and a few of “ Vive It Prince Imperial /” quitted the build ing. They drove to the palace of the Tuileries, close at hand, and afterwards set out for St. Cloud. AN AMERICAN FETE IN PARIS. [From the Paris Moniteur.J A very rich and very intelligent American, Mr. James Dieek Hill, acharming man despite bis mil lions, has determined to prove to the Parisians that they were wrong to complain of the heat, and to show them how it is braved and turned to good ac count. He gave a charming fete in his splendid, vast drawing rooms, which are as airy as the Lou vre. A large oireular balcony, running faroond the rooms, allowed the guests to enjoy the air without losing & note of the delicious music, which had attracted an enormous crowd on the Place de la Madeleine. The guests received at their entrance a hearty shake-hands and a fan. He found means of assembling at this soiree, where an incredible degree of luxury was displayed, more artists, and great artists, than would be necessary to assure the fortune of twenty theatres. There was Madame Borghi- Mamo, of the Opera, Madame FrezxolinL of the Italian Opera, Modames Balestra, Labocetta, Cirnino, Bidot, Ardavani. Braga, Mademoiselles Corbari, and two American ladies who will soon shine on the stage of the Italian Opera— Miss Hensler and Mrs. de Wilhorst. Madame Borghi-Mamo delighted the company with a Neapolitan song and the famous brindlisi of Lucresia Borgia. I Jsav nothing of the suc cess, nor of tho voice of Mrs. de Wilhorst, nor other talents; because, if she appears at one of our theatres, as we believe she is to do, we should not anticipate the interest of her debnt. Mdme, Frezzolim bade us adieu that evening; she was very beautifal and very sad; she cannot console herself on leaving Paris, although she goes to Now York on a golden bridge longer than the submarine oable which will soon connect England and America. One of our friends asked her what she intended singing, but he repented his impitldenee. “You are very curious, said she, drily, “I will sing* whatever I please." Tho truth is, she.intended to sing only one song, hut yielding to a sudden and. Irresistible inspi ration; she sang, one after the other, the Mise rere of Trovatoro and the Qustuor of Rigoletto. Sho hod really tears in her roice. and the draw ing-rooms, the balcony, and the street, shook with applause. THE COURTS. Quarteb Sxsstoss.—Judge Conrad.—Antonio Goffini was charged with rape on Mary Ana McCulloch. The prosecutrix is a good-looking voung Irish woman, ap parently twenty-two or twenty-three years of age. Tes tiraooy taken, and adjourned till 'to-morrow at 10 o'clock. lu the case of Wm. Myers, Lieutenant of Police of the Fourteenth Ward, charged with an assault and bat tery cn E. Forrest Koehler, & member of the Bar, the jury brought in a verdict of “Guilty.” Sentence de ferred till Saturday. In the easo of William Thomas, charged with an as sault and battery on Henrietta Reading, the jury brought Jo a verdict of •“ Guilty,’ l with a recommendation xo the mercy of the Court; and on a cress bill by Thomas agaiust Henrietta Reading, tho verdict r» not guilty, and prosecutor to pay costs. Par id R. Thomas, Benjamin Thomas, and John A. Thomas were charged with, an assault and battery on John p. Jones. AU the parties are Welshmen, and the ‘"casus belli ,, was tho attempt on the part of the de fendants, to seduce certain immigrants from the protec tion of the prosecutor. In this efiort, certain argu ments contrary to the statutes, were employed, and hence the suit. The jury brought in a verdict of “Guilty" as to David K. Thomas, and acquitted the other defendants. Wm. B. Mann, Esq., fortheCom mcnwealth. David R Sellers, Esq , for the defendants. Sksthsoss —Erhard Joerger, a German, who pleaded guilsy to selling liquor on Sunday, was fined $lOO and sentenced to 60 days’ imprisonment. Michael Adam 3. convicted or selling liquor on Sun day, wm Bned $5 and sentenced to 10 days’ imprison. went. Lkqal \\ it.—Mr. Ceo. C. Collins, in making an ap plication to the Court on Saturday for the postpone ment of a sentence, gave as a re&xou for the exercise of the judicial clemency, “ that the defendant's wife was on the eve of confinement; 1 * a member of the bar re marked: “That the same reason would hold good in the husband’s case, as he was on the ere of confinement al«o, and the same remedy would suit both cases—to wit, a speedy delivery. 11 Judicial Notice.—Yesterday Judge Conrad notified the members of the bar and the jurors that a double Session pT |he court would be held daily until the pres sure of business was somewhat relieved. The morning legion will conclude at 2 P.M.; the afternoon session will commence at 3# P. M. ThelHnutm on the Jersey Coast. [From the New York Tribune of the 31st.^ The storm of Thursday night drove several ships ashore on the Jersey eoast. Happily, the loss of life was confined to one vessel, from which a pas senger and two sailors were lost. SCHOO.VER SUXK. British brig Antelope, arrived il this port on Saturday night, reports having seen on the 28th, at 12 m., one mile south of Egg Harbor, a sunken schooner,- with masts standing out of water, and enjiguaetat half"inMt, •
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers