*‘TJO v d, n ' I.dP'xrtohtxa,) 'BY ifOIWi f FORNEY ; • i ;';ifir»WEr|*«f "*i\ f «aif*St!T ♦ (Tki&’Ei ■: -™ r v Bjtm-i-yn-jjgg, tviLTi Oixv*;h» .Wiik. payable to the Barriers/ v-/StaiWfi tottfeuxßw**iraVtf the Qttyiet SixUoinißs' sffjkJtaray; fpp*XK>t.i.AM yqb fiQH*s»onTOs; T»ae«> BoLnaatoaSir Kostsa, intatiAMyinwlvance for the 1 tfceqrdcrtd Wr?WfKKiy TRESS, 1 Mailed to fiubeerlbers pat of. the Oify; at Thru Dol- 1 t\ , aas rsa.Anson, la advance, r g• • f$ f.< i iiifti«i air* ** e* *. -s• u • f I •StoWMKI.TeMMasWUI be eenfc toßtthscribere, -by I advance;) at,..,.. ‘ S 3 oo ra THr*oonlesi' :* r ; '- « • • - 4 a no* & Ten Copies^. : : U L ,/ QOt I , “ MOO U ci -j®s • Glob OfTwenty-one or oter‘, we. will send u» g the.CHib. , j I ' Tai^«rttTiPa«fa“ 6 requested, to Mt M.Agente tot 1 inHOrGE -FXKM ’LANDS TOR-SALE^ I S/TKB UIiNOISOENTRAI, RAU.BOAD OOMPAN? i< r.-S oow prepared to sell about 1,500.900 acres of choice 5 finding lands, in tracts of'4o acres and upwards, o 4 at low ratoi ofinterest. 1 - f ' l £ These lands were granted by the Government to aid £ _in the construction of this Boad; and, are • among, tht $ ~ richest‘aad'mOirt'fejrtUe i in the world: They'extend y * fromNorth-BArt and" North-West, througk the middle {£ of the Btate>,to^the i extreme South, and indudeieverV 8 Variety df. r bffikte;and productions found between thosb I- * parallels lit Hade. ? The Northern portion Is chiefly p prairie, Interspersed With flue groves, and incite brtddlp I % ■ - VIM Qtmfr.ii. more health,, ioUd aai ethahle. thu , uyylther put of the country—the air la pure and bral cinjr,,whjle. living itraama and apringe of excellent S Vwatetbhohnd. , -.-.'BitumlnoiwCoalto extensively mined/ and enppliee 4 I' -. cheap ■ and ■ desirable fuel, being furnished at many | . polnta at *2 to »t per ton—and wood can be had at the | - aame rate.per cord. .... .., a >.r > ; | ~. Bulldtng.Stone. of. excellent, qruHty aim aboundr, I which can M Motnred for IHtlembre than theexpense jj bf-traniportauon.' " . /. > r »^ ■A ‘ ■ The great fertility of thesetands, Which are * black v ' • H4h mould, from two to fire feet deepl snd gently roll. > f Ing; their contiguity to thitfroadj by Which every feci; • Ufy is furnished j for tcsvel and.trsnshbrt&ticn to the •'4 principal'markets North, South. East.'West, add,the I economy with which they can be. cultivated, render ; - them'the moet Valuable Investment that dur i • and present themost favorable opportunity for-l»eruona k of industrloui hahlte and sinsll means to acquire a ooiih k >' fortable indepeudence in a few years:»"*' ' •' i - . Chicago it now the greatest grain, market id the world; § . and tlieTacility anl economy with which.the' products 1 of these lands can he transported to that market, make \, '’them much moiw'prdStabie,at 1 theprleelasked,than I - those .more .remote at as the.addl | - tional Cost of transportation Is a perpetual tax on.the S - ■ latter j which mustbe bbrad by the producer; itfthe re- C - r daced price he:rcc«iTes for.bis gralnyike;: f --' , >j title Isnerfect—and when the final payments are r :' ' ,^3ftfW*ildrt<!.rir r executed by «ie; trustees appointed by r itiegtate, andrftrwhointhe tiUela vested.b the pur 3 . - chasers,whichco&vmrtotUem'absol&tetiUeslufeesim- ,ple, freeand,clearpr^wery,incumbrance, ; Hen or mort i-’ ' > prices are from $0 to $3O: interest only 3 per ct. ■jl Twenty per.ct. yttl be deducted from the price for cash, f: Those who purchase on long,credit,givenotes payable' ' - in two, three, four, five and sixyears afterdate, and are sU requiredto improve one-tenthannusUy'far five years. so as to.have one-half the iand '.nnder cultivation at the «;s '' end of that time.•” * - '<"'*■ Sj -. . Competent surveyors will accompany, those whowUh U ,to examine these Lands, free of charge, and aid them in fg ' 1 making selectionsV " - ,l< The Land* remaining unsold, are <as rich and Ivaluablo h aa those which.have been disposed of. -..- c fl 4 ' • " *, BKOTIONAL MAPS ' U, Will W sent to any'-one who will enclose fifty eents in tv* . postage stampsf and books or pamphlets containing nu r merbus instances of sncoessfnl farming, signed, by re 5l spectabWand well known farmers 1 living in the nefgh -4 ; w>rhobd of tho-Bailroad Lands,' throughout the State*- fe J..also the oo*tj>f.foncLDg, price of cattle, .expense ofhar-. § ' Wilt be chbeffhllvgiven on application, either personally ,;or by. letter, in English, Preneh, or Oerman, addressed § to :' " lOHK^nfeON.' 4 /.and Oommiiaionar of the Illinois Central B. B. Uo, (; ■ : Office in lUiboie Geutrel Eeilrovi.Depot, ChlMgo, U -6 '.Knob- »al' YVEANSTE AMEKS FOKSALE.—FOS ->SJ.LBAM&ths'w«U known Bte»m»hil«:WAffinNO TON heretofore employed la the United State* York, goutMusptoh and ~ - *hlM;*ew-tallt.trith great care, of the be«l materUlit in ererT department, under the Inspection of an officer In thS States NaVy. : They are about «S,«00 ton* burthen, tin-dimension. of the WASHING TON' beltiff 3tt> teet lftokth. 39 feet beam, and 81 feet depth of and pr tge HJEUIANN 280, <O, and 31 •'' -Eieh' s: tei»«(l'l»''WiBd i iritis tiro marine eide-lereren - gioM, cylinder* of 72 inches, and 10 feet stroke 1 ; boilers, •*0.7*11 In oomplete.order, and Is famished with coal . bunkere capable of stowiun 1000 tons-of coal, leaving : freight room ter about 556" tons measurement. There . : *»t.gbod .'pefoenger accoinmodatlohs for 800 persona in 'taehsbfrr ’r i*'-■ - ,4. *■Will WithiU the furniture, tackel, . stAwttMxad' ranting .rar, a&ohora/ch&ips ana cables, . esitoyfartitar©, Ajwidiflg,- rt*ble . service, gUsjjware, cpodttty, t -, > <> ./ If not prtThsQßiy iiappßedor'at ptiTftte srie. the/;*!!! * ‘in 'ihtf ’City of 1 wfw Ywk,<fri lift,first’iff j of October. •mint,: end Die* kMW the highest bidder withoutrwerr&i •- ” C .'7‘ .■ ■ - ,; 1 * Tar farther wrticaUfß/apply at tho office of .the Ocean ;.;Bteam-K*TigationCo.)ll3oßW WILLIAM street, NEW •YORK -V ; -i , 4 _ r . Cteam set'W'een jranr tobkand )<HJiaqOIf^^WBUBOJO J 2 J jy)O toiw. - Wu-iiiX- CraotTiiCoromwiaer ;>Kpr YOBK, Slatons, Bobibt CsLiia. AgOOW, sw2'tons, Josof Dm*" ThS KoM Newiork steam. theM new and powerful steamers to’Glasgow direct,'as follows: I BOM XX# -TOBJC, ;i ' *■> ’ . j.f- NewfyorkjSatiltrdaj+Jiineao. liinoQn,. , 3£3s6@P:?^" /“^‘ _ jNeW^tjr^Jnly.SS.-//-:-- ‘ ; " . / • •'": t ’ steamer. For. freight o? peaaago apply to JOHN McSY. MON, Nri.it fiaOii>WiV?New YorkcUybillßor gold / r. .--■; •- .iaa,lfcim 1857.— F^Vdad’jttsm j3i#&nghlp Company.-e-Tbe ? lH«d ? s^g l IW. tons, : ;;W, T will; leaved New Yorkf :■; iwraW e&ra, da j'"‘ '•? W» " " : - ® ArapJ, .Solordey, - Jaa. 9 -• ; A«go.-iX FanonJ.-vdo. Feb, 6 * .-Jbb*».ftp.. - ft; **«?; ;.-> jJ; ', ;;, »; '■* lbAVb Boraiurtd*. r ,- ■-.-£ --f VlBW.i'..' ' At»*D,Wediie*d»yi As*.®' • KSKf,.: f . -sept.® ■ ■ •■?«’, M jpoltea,’ * 1 do. ’- \' J*a' r 13 Awro, AM*o, • • dor •; Feb: 10, ; •; a -do.'. Mur. 10 . -.. AMjav A««.,' do. „.,Al>rlL7; . foltoa, ftjpl&M-!? do- ft" /- to..tfe*/to,;. •£:- ; » i ..i>v .t msaow: ..* ... . I , 1 From Newif«k -to’ i&nttianj'pton or'Havre—First |-■ From Harltflo(r SoQthampton 'to .New York—First | 'G^^ : 9oo'f!mMaeo^dOftl>iu:fiooti , anee: ~ ' | r ";Forfreight#gfogw^ripplrto-’ •• - -•* *■' | • -'■' '.-? MQBiptifeltlftFfSaSCON, 'Agent, % Broadway. I WltmiTlSELlk, “ / Ham:. |., . . .. 1 The veU tam Bte#mi(hlp; £ K£YETOK(MS£ATI MdiSTATEOdOKOttOIA, -now , .fora o.WefldjriMM ferithe.' Sooth .ondSoathoMt, one . «f the lO'o’clock, I . V THIS ’! . | Will AY/AUgttlt gHb. and w ‘ • -- m piATB OJ?;<HSOEOU, iridSatannah thHeahlps connect 1 - ’ a« and with rail ««adc *t plaeeain thcSontlrand Soa&wftft. CaMw FaaUcajUtwitiwrMUp. ...v/*. e..0 5i ...>,»30 VOL. I—NO. 10. THE WEEKLY PRESS, The Cheapest-and'Best- Weekly Newspaper, in the Country. Great Inducements to Clubs. ; pn the ieth of August the first number of Thb Webs* lVPresS will Be'isauedTrOnYthe' City of Philadelphia. It will be published every Saturday. ' n Tais Wsbklt Ptuess will be conducted upon National prinClplea, and will uphbM the rights of the States. It Will resist fanaticism in every shape j and will be de vo ted to conservative doctrines, as the true foundation of publio prosperity ahdsodal,order. Bach a weekly Jour nal has Jong been desired In the United'States,,and it is to gratify.this want! that Thb WrbxlY Pbkss will be published., , Thk Weekly Paxss will" be' printed on excellent white paper, clear, new-type,- and- in quarto fonn, for binding;--’"-' ••• !. >3i ' It will contain the news.of the. day i -Correspondence from the- 014 World and the New} .Domestic Intelli gence; Reports t>f the various-Markets; Literary Re views; Miscellaneous Briedtlbnn; the progress of Agri culture In »U its various departments, Ac.’ r Jp» Terms invariably in advance. . , Thb Wbßßxr Paisa' will be’sent to subscribers, bymail,perannuin, at....i $2 00 Three copies for*.v*..*. 6 00 Vive copies far.««.». * 8 00 Teh copies for*. 12 00 Twenty copies, when sent to one address :....20 00 Twenty copies,-or over, to address of each subscri- her, each, per annum’.................... 1 20 K '-F6r aclub* of.twenty-one, or overawe will send an extra copy to the getter-op of the Club. Post Masters are requested jo act as agents for The Weekly Press. .1 will esteem It a great favor If my political and per sonal friends, and all others, who desire a first class Weekly Newspaper, will exert themselves to give The Weekly Press a large circulation in their respective , JOHN W. PORN3SY, Editor and Proprietor. Publication Office of Thb Weekly Pbbss, No. 417 Chestnut stt«*t>’ Philadelphia. 8> x n s. 1 WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1867. THE GREATEST OF REVOLUTIONS. The age of wonder has gone by. People are surprised, now-a-days, at nothing. Science and art, operatcd upon by that combination of thought, industry and tact, which mOn call ..Genius, have almastannihilated time and space. Look hack only so short a period as half a .century,ago, and wonder how it was. possible -to have existed then, wanting the comforts, tho elegancies, the useful arts of life, which, once known, become necessaries. There were no steamboats in those days—no gas—no eiec trotyped ; metals—no railroads—no electric telegraph—no sewing machines—no steam power turning' 6ut 20,000 impressions in an hour. They were dispensed with, because they were unknown—a moral truth, which none can deity. ‘ OUce known,'we cannot do with out them... Society would fancy itself resolved back to.a-state of nature, if it had to make shift without gas; steam; and electricity. One by one,‘great inventions have been brought into use, . and though mankind may have .wondered at first, and anxiously, asked—Wliat next? they have crowded so much of late, that we accept them, as matter of epurse, and make it a rule, with Horace, not to bo sur prised at anything. The “nil admirari” prin ciple prevails all over the world at present. Wenders'.greater than ever .philosopher mused over or poet imagined, are daily before our eyes, and wo scarcely think them a matter for reflection, because we are habituated to them.,' Contrast the present with the past, and what appears 7 Ffty years ago, it was a most extraordinary journey to go irom Philadelphia .to'NejyYork, in quick travel, in a single day! Now,,.we do it in four, hours, with ease, and the same distance is covered every day, in far ’less time, by-railroad travelling in England. Fifty years ago, if a relative fell ill, and a man had to be. summoned hack from New York, even rapid travelling (at that time) would hot transmit a message to him in less than twelve bohff, ; Npw, -the Same intimation would be %Hreu ln ten seconds, by the eleitrio telegraph. ‘Even now,, the greatest social revolution the world eversaw is in progress—a revolution which may go further to change dynasties than was ever effected : by fire-and sword. The Ocean Telegraph, at the time we write, isiin process _'of ‘being laid down-in‘the Atlantic. In that simple announcement how many aind what mighty interests are involved! There appeara to he every prospect of the Bub-At -lantic Teiegmph being in thil and successful ’operation by.the,end of this month. On tire .graceful suggestion of Hr, Buchanan, the first message transmitted from England to Ameri ca, (a 1 distance by land and water of more miles,) will be sent'from the Queen of“Eugland to the President of the United States, and yrill immediately be responded to by, him, in'kindness and with good feeling and courtecy, through the same medium of intercommunication. - - At'present, a ten days’ transmission of in telligence; from tlie Old World to the-New, occupies ten days, even when the niost rapid steamers are employed. In fiilure, the same thing will ; be done in ten second* t This, im ?ed, is the commencement of the greatest revolution of onr titpo. Henceforth, a new bond oflunion will gird the whole, family of .man. ..Every one will know, as-hereads his daily newspaper, (we need not tell those who are wise in.their generation, what journal they may most advantageously peruse,) what took place in Europe on the previous day. Our intelligence from 'Washington, New York, New Orleans, and, St. Louis, will not be later than that which, we shall have simultaneously from: London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, and Brussels. - Wilder- fancy than this never glknced J through l the teeming and excited brain of the imaginative poet—with the differ ence that for fluicy we now shall have fUct. AH is real; It, is no mere imagining.of tho mind, but an_ actual reality. Nor, while we avaiTourselves of it, should we forget that tho inventor of tho Electric Telegraph is our coun tryman. ■ Let.us hold.in proud and grateful remembrance the name of Morse. STREET NOMENCLATURE. ■ Having lately, altered and improved our street-numbering, it would not be very much out of the way,-were we to pay some little at tention to street-naming. ’ Curious enough it is that, with few exceptions, streets are ca ‘ prlciouSiy named without any reference what ever to system or variety. Every man who 'erects a double row of houses, sufficient to give theplace the brevet title of “street,” bestows a name upon it, just as his own fancy [niay. suggest, and without , the slightest regard to the excessive number of times sucli a -name may already-liave been appropriated, for -the,same purpose, by other parties, at various times. -For example, the'name of- Smith may be a favorite with the public—a great many 'respectable, persons bear that remarkable patronymic; we believe—but' there ii. a disad vantage in this' popularity, it will be admitted, when the fact transpires that the name of if Smith Court” is actually bestowed and re peated, upon. as. many.as eighteen different phices-in .our good City.of Brotherly Love. Washington is an illustrious name, worthy of 'allhonor— but.it is sadly over-worked in Phi ladelphia and its vicinity, where may be found ,two ■Washington Avenues, four Washington .EJaceS,; three, Washington Courts, and |7it«e| Washington Streets. Jackson isanother noted * name, and; therolbre, (besides an Avenue and a Place so called,) we liave four Jackson Courts, thd six Jackson Streets. Gp.Ecs has also been considerably drawn upon—there being three [eoafts, and half a doSen streets so called. Thep'CniNTON been in considerable de maud, as wti hive seven Clinton Streets. , We [find that Lswis and Mobbis have been simi larly ;« used up.”,- There are. two. streets and •an ;alleynamedafter Baker— who would seem « havb,becn : a'courtiy personage, there polng [np fewer than seven Baker Courts. ChaSce* fpd'Eisb^*giye hamestb ate Streets each. , „ jyijiighlgo on mdltlppfingexamples; but J b 5 draW'attention to the ifOmdmg ‘therefore,, that ind®f ~penden} p(-bomtsjwdaUeya, we have, besides ihosel aboVe mentioned,-.ope instance. Where thorearerix streets of the Bamename j seven '.where there are fict ; twelve - where; theie are /oar, ?d*nd twenty-nine where thoro are three. -The instances wherethere.ar.e’ only .two streets of the same name are so numerous that wo de cline the trouble of counting them np. A single familiar and practical illustration wil be sufficient to show what contusion is evolved from this absurd repetition of names, as applied to streets. A man desire's to see a person whose address is simply “ Smith, street, Philadelphia;” He looks at McElroy’s Direc tory, and fiudß that there are eighteen streets of this name, scattered ali.over the city and its suburbs. It would take him two or three days’ pretty wearisome walking to find out the real locality amid so many. The same principle prevails in all cases wliqre there are five, tour; three, or even two streets of the same name. Even when it is a simple duplication only, tho streets may be miles apart. There is a remedy for this confusion worse confounded—a remedy plain, practical, and immediate. Let there ho a regular examination, revision, and re-naming the streets in and at tached to the city. Acting on the principle that, in no single case, should there be two streets of the same name, the labor would not bo difficult. Nor need sensible men be at any loss to supply proper names instead of those which should be abandoned. Why should not a man’s memory bo perpetuated by giving it to a street 7 Not only in our own City, or our own State, but also in other cities and States of the Union, there have lived, and there do live, a sufficient number of illustrious persons of both sexes, whose names doserve to bo held in honor. Let us call some of our streets aftor them. We have the reputation of being an eminently common-sense and practical people, here in Philadelphia. Let us show .that we are, by exercising wise discretion on this matter of street nomenclature. So shall we gain, and highly deservo, the merit of having taken the initiatory step in a social re form, apparently small, but actually important. So shall we do what no other American city has yet undertaken—New York itself is much in tho same situation, as to street .names, as Philadelphia is. So stall we do what London has long been meditating on, and will speedily effect. So will strangers who visit us bo happy and grateful, beyond expression, when they do not find, in any instance, even two streets called by the same name. Wo merely throw out the hint. , MR. CALHOUN'S GREAT PROPHECY. In the letter of tho Hon. John C. Calhoun, dated August 12th, 1844, while lio was Secre tary of State, addressed to William R. Kino, then American Minister at tho French Court, which letter contained tho instructions of the Federal Government on the annexation of Texas, is the following statement. When wo consider all that has transpired, from that day to this, and particularly the efforts now making by France to revive tho slave trade, in a new but scarcely less offensive form, and when we see Great Britain Herself, through her organs in Parliament and tho press, admitting that all her efforts to cultivate her West India pos sessions, by means of free blacks, are failures, the opinion of Mr. Calhoun may he regarded as prophecy fulflilled: ■ But, to descend to particulars: it is certain that while England, like France, desires the independence of Texas, witli the view to com mercial transactions, it is not less so that one of the loading motives of England for desiring it is, the hope that, through her diplomacy and influence, nogro slavery may be abolished there, and ultimately, by consequence, in flic United States, and throughout the whole of thiß continent. That its ultimate abolition throughout the entire continent is an object ardently desired by her, we have decisive proof in the declaration of the Earl of Aber deen, delivered to this Department, and of which you will find a copy among the docu ments transmitted to Congress with the Texan treaty. That she desires its abolition in Texas, and has used her influence and diplomacy to effect it there, the same document, with tlie correspondence of this Department with Fakenham, also to be found among the docu ments, furnishes proof not less conclusive. That one of the objects of abolishing it there is to facilitate its abolition in the United States, and throughout the continent, is,mani fest from the declaration of the Abolition party and Societies, both in this country and in England. In fiut, there is good reason to believe, that the scheme of abolishing it in Texas, with tho view to its abolition in tho United States and over the continent, origina ted with the prominent members of tho party in the United States, and was first broached hy .them in the (so called) World’s Convention, held in London in the year 1840, and through its agency brought to the notice of the British Government. Now, I hold not only that Franco can have no interest in the consummation of this grand scheme, which England hopes to accomplish through Texas, if she can defeat the annexa tion ; but that her interest, and those of all the continental powers of Europe, aro directly and deeply opposed to it. It is too fate in tho day to contend that hu manity or philanthropy is the great object of the policy of England in attempting to abolish African slavery on this continent. I do not question but humanity may have beoa one of her leading motives for the abolition of the African slave trade, and that it may have hud a considerable influence in abolishing slavery in her West India possessions,—aided, indeed, by the fallacious calculation that the labor of the negroes would be at least as profitable, if not more so, in consequence of the measure. She acted on the principle that tropical products can be produced cheaper by free African labor and East India labor than by slave labor. She knew full well the value of such products to her commerce, navigation, navy, manufactures, re venue, and power. She was not ignorant that the support and the maintenance of her po litical preponderance depended on her tropical possessions, and had no intention of diminish ing their productiveness, nor any anticipation that such would be the effect when the scheme of abolishing slavery in her colonial possessions was adopted. On tho contrary, she calculated to combine philanthropy with profit and power, as is not unusual with fanaticism. Experience lias convinced her of the fallacy of her calcu lations. She has failed in all her projects. The labor of her negroes has proved far less pro ductive, without affording tho consolation of having improved their condition. Tho experiment has turned out to bo a costly one. She expended nearly one hundred mil lions of dollars in indemnifying the owners of the emancipated slaves. It is estimated that the increased price paid since, by the people of Great Britain; for sugar and other tropical productions, in consequence of the measure, is equal to half that sum; and that twice that amount has been expended in the suppression of the slave trade } making, together, two hun dred and fifty millions of dollars as the cost of the experiment. Instead of realizing her hope, the result has been a sad disappointment. Her tropical products have fallen off to a vast amount. Instead of supplying her own wants and those of nearly all Europe with them, as formerly, she has now, in some of the most important articles, scarcely enough to supply her own. What is worse, her own colonies are actually consuming sugar produced by slave labor, brought direct to England, or re fined in bond, and exported and sold in her colonies as cheap or cheaper than they can bo produced there; while the slave trade, instead of diminishing, has been in fact carried on to a greater extent than ever. So disastrous has been the result, that her fixed capital invested in tropical possessions, estimated at the value of nearly five hundred millions of dollars, is said to stand on the brink of ruin. But tills is not the worst. While this costly scheme has had such ruinous effects on the tropical productions of Great Britain, it lias given a powerful stimulus, followed by a cor responding increase of products, to those countries which have had the good sense to shun her example. There has been vested, it is estimated by them, in the production of tro pical products, since 1808, in fixed capital, nearly $4,000,000,000, wholly dependent on slave labor. In tho same period, the value of their products has been estimated to have risen fVom about $72,000,000 annually, to nearly $220,000,000 ; while the whole of tho fixed capital of Great Britain, vested in culti vating tropical products, both in the East/and West Indies, is estimated at only about $830,000,000, and the value of tho products annually to about $50,000,000. To present a still more striking view-of three article*} of tropical products, (sugar, coffee, and cotton,) the British' possessions; including the West and-Easfc Indies, and * Mauritius, produced, in 1842, of sugar, only 8,998,771 pounds; while Cuba,' Brazil,' and the 'United States,, ex cluding .other Countries htaringVtrojttcal pos sesions,produced 9,000,006 pounds; of coffee, 'the3ritlsh possessions produced only '27,398,- 003; while Cuba and Brazil produced 201,590,- 125 pounds; .and of cotton, the British posses sions, including shipments to China, only 137,- 448,448 pounds, while the United States alone produced 790)479,275 pounds. The above facts and estimates have all been drawn from a British periodical of high stand* Philadelphia, Wednesday; august 12, m?. ing and authority, and are believed to be en titled to credit. This vast increase of the capital and produc tion on the part of those nations who have con tinued their former policy toward tho negro race, compared with that of Great Britain, in dicates a corresponding relative increase of the means of commerce, navigation', manufactures, wealth and power. It is no longer a question of doubt, that the great source of .wealth, pros perity, and power of the more civilized nations of the temperate zone, (espe'oiallv Europe, where the arts hayemade the greatest advance,) depends, in a great degree, on .the exchange of their products with those of tlio .tropical re gions. . So great has been the advance made in the arts, both chemical and mechanical, within the few last generations,that all tlie old civilized nation's can, witli but a small pdrt of their la bor and capital, 1 supply- their respective wants; which tends to limit within narrow bounds the amount of the.- commerce between them, and forces them all to seek for marked in the tropi cal' regions, J aud the more 'por tions of the globe. 5 'those who hfin'best. sue ceed in commanding those markets/have the best prospect of outstripping the others in the career of commerce, navigation, manufactures, wealth and power. This is seen and felt by British statesmen, and have opened their eyes to the errors which they have committed. The question how witli them is, how shall it be counteracted ? "What has been done cannot bo undone.. The ques tion is, by what means can Great Britain regain and keep a superiority in tropical cultivation, commerce and influence ? Or, shall that be abandoned, and other nations be suffered to acquire the supremacy, even to the extent of supplying British markets, to the destruction of tho capital already vested in tboir produc- These are tho questions which now pro foundly occupy tho attention of her statesmen, and have the greatest influence over her coun cils. In order to regain her superiority, she not only seeks to revive and increase her own ca pacity to produce tropical productions, but to diminish and destroy tho capacity of those who have so far outstripped her in consequence of her error. In pursuit of tho former, alio lias . cast her eye to her East Indian pos sessions—to central and eastern Africa—with the view of establishing colonies there, and uven to restore, substantially, the slave trade itself, under tho specious name of transportng free laborers from Africa to her West India possessions, in order, if possible, to compete successfully with those who have refused to fol low her suicidal policy. But these all afford but uncertain and .distant hopes of recovering her lost superiority. Ilcr main reliance is on be other alternative—to cripple or destroy the >roductions of' her successful rivals. There is but one way by which it can bo dono, and that is by abolishing African slavery throughout this continent; and that she openly .avows to be the constant object of her policy and exer tions. It matters not now, or from what mo tive, it may bo done: whether it may bo by diplomacy, influence or force; by secret or open means; and whether tlie motive be hu mane or selfish, without regard to manner, means or motive. The thing itself, should it be accomplished, would put down all rivalry and give her the undisputed supremacy in sup plying her own wants and those of the rest of the world; and thereby more fully retrieve what she has lost by her errors. It would give her the monopoly of tropical productions, which I shall next proceed to show. Whut would bo tho consequence if this ob- ject of her unceasing solicitude and exertions should be effected by the abolition of negro slavery throughout this continent, some idea may bo formed from tho immense diminu tion of productions, as has been shown, which has followed abolition in her West India pos sessions. But, as great as that has been, it is nothing compared to what would be the ef fect if sho should succeed in abolishing slave ry in the United States, Cuba, Brazil, aud throughout this continent. Tho experiment in her own colonies was made under the most favorable circumstances. It was brought about gradually and peaceably, by the steady and firm operation of tho parent country, armed with complete powor to prevent or crush at once all insurrectionary movements on tho part of tho negroes, aud able and disposed to maintain to the full tho political and Social ascendancy of the former masters over their former slaves. It is not at all wonderful that the change of the relations of master and slave took place, under such circumstances, without violence and bloodshed, and that order and peace should have bden since preserved.' Very ‘ different would have l>cen the result of aboli tion, should it be effected by her influence and exertions in the possessions of other coun tries on this continent, and especially in the United States, Cuba, and Brazil, tho great cultivators of the principal tropical products of America. To form a correct conception of what would be the result with them, we must look not to Jamaica, but to St. Domingo, for example. The change would be followed by unforgiving hate between tlie two races, and end in a bloody and deadly struggle between them for the superiority. One or the other would have to be subjugated, extirpated, or ex pelled ; and desolation would overspread their territories, as in St. Domingo, from which it would take centuries to recover. Tlie end would be, that the superiority in cultivating the great tropical staples would bo transferred from them to tlie British tropical possessions. They are of vast extent, aud those beyond the Cape of Good Hope possessed of an un limited amount of labor, standing ready, by tlie aid of British capital, to supply the deficit which would be occasioned by destroying tho tropical productions oftho United States, Cuba, Brazil, and other countries cultivated by slave labor on this continent, so soon as the in creased price, in consequence, would yield a profit. It is tlie successful competition of that labor which keeps the prices of the great tro pical staples so low as to prevent their cultiva tion with profit in tho possessions of Great Britain, by what she is pleased to call free labor. If she can destroy its competition, she would have a monopoly in those productions. Sho has all the means of furnishing an un limited supply—vast and fertile possessions in both Indies, boundless command of capital and labor, and ample ’power to suppress distur bances, and preserve order throughout her wide domains. Educational Harvest Home.— A meeting of school directors, teachers, aud citizens of Lancaster, York, and Lebanon counties, we see it stated in tlie Lancaster Express , will be held at Millersvilie, on Saturday, August 22d. Extensive arrangements will bo made to ac commodate all who will attend. Some of the most prominont citizens of our own and other States will be in attendance and address the meeting. Tlie friends of education throughout the county should not fail to attend this « Har vest Homo” meeting as it promises to he one of the most agreeable and interesting character. Tho Lancaster Fencibles, Captain Duchman, will escort Governor Pollock, and other dis tinguished gentlemen from this city, to tlie place of meeting. Tiie Dollar Mark [s]. —Writers arc not agreed as to the derivation of the sign to re present dollars. Sorao say that it came from the letters U. S., which, after tho adoption of the Federal Constitution, wove prefixed to the Federal currency, and which afterwards, in the hurry of writing, were run into ono»another, the U being made first and the S over it. Others say that it is derived from the contrac tion of the Spanish word pesos “ dollars others, from tho Spanish word fuetes, “ hard,” to distinguish silver from paper money. The more probable explanation is, that it is a modi fication of the figure 8, and denotes a piece of eight reals , or, as tho dollar was formerly called a piece of eight. It was then designated by the figures 8-B. —Dictionary of American isms. Meteoric Lightning. In an article on lightning, in the British Quar terly, is the following inoiuont, which occurred to a tailor, in tho Rue St. Jaques, Val do Graco, about the year 1784. M. Babinut was commis sioned by the Academy of Science to investigate the facta, and reported substantially os follows: “ After a loua thunder-clap, the tailor, bping finishing his meal, saw the ohimnoy-boaid fall down as if beset by a slight gust of wind, and a globe of fire, tho sizo of u child’s head, caine out quietly into the room, at a small hoight above the floor; the tailor said it looked like a good-sized kitten, rolled up into a ball, and moving without showing its paws. It was bright and shining, but bo felt no sensation of heat. The globe oamo no&r liis feet, like a young out that wants to rub itself against its master’s legs; but by moving them asldo gently, he avoided the contact. It appears to havo played for sevoral seconds about his feet, ho bonding bis body over it, and examining it at tentively. After trying some oxoursions in differ ent directions, it rose vertically to the height of his head, which he throw back, to avoid touching his faee. The globe, elongating a little, thensteored towards a hole lathe chimney, above tho mantel piece, which hole received a stovc-pipo in winter, but was now pasted over with paper. ‘ Tho thun- he said; * could not see tho hole;’ but never theless the ball wont straight to tho aperture, re moving the paper without hurting it, and made Its way into the ohimney. Shortly afterwards, and when he supposed it'had time to reach tho top, it made a dreadful explosion, which destroyed tho upper part of the oliimnoy, and (brew the frag ments on the roof of smaller buiLdi.';*, which they broke through Tho tailor’s lodging was on tho third story; tho lower ones were hot visited at all by,the thunderbolt.” The small pox, we learn, has made its ap pear&neo in L&wbertville, N. J. ' ilercer County has already paid her whole State texfor 1857, CORRESPONDENCE. FROM CAPE MAY. [Correspondence or The Prefu.] Hoto to spend Money—'Hist Young Men—Modus Ope fandi of having a little Fun-~Bathing — Ladies' Amusemekis atid Freaks. Cape Island, August llth, 1857. As people generally come here for 'the express purpose'of getting rid of superfluous money, It is a pleasure,to chronicle that there is no expectation of a general disappointment; though it would ap pear that some have not sufficient time to dispose of it; for many who came herewjth the determi nation to stay a couple of weeks have unfortu nately become compelled to forego their recreation, in order to attend to the “Fall business.” It is not to be expected, however, that our young men will notmake most of the time whilst sojourning here (for that appears to be the great principle, or mo- tive-power, which aotuates all at this placo, from a .Jersey wagon-driver up to an aristocratic hotel keeper,) aud the expedients the “fast” men adopt, in .order t<f kill time, are just as Ukcly to produce that effect upon themsolveß. ’T‘s a great honor, or a spurco of pride, to bo de nominated U t'fast traveller;” and to acquire this is no easy uiatter, though tho capacity of a man’s stomach has much to do with it, in tho way of con verting the afbres&id stomaeh* Into a vast reservoir lor an inconceivable omount of “ whiskey-slings,” “ brandy-punches,”- &q. Yet, although a man may be unable to swallow “ drink” all day, in up a roputation by pulling down his own,inhere aro othor expedients to bo adopted wmQfl may accomplish tho desired end. It may be finbted by calling all your friends up to drink, iuclvfolitg your “friends’ frionds,” find all others who.jhay bo standing about the bar. It is ostonishingmoW your reputation goes up ©very time tho wine gdp down. Here may bo corrected a very prevalent, though orronoous idea, whioh obtains credence among the Jast \ oung man, that after having bathed the innor man with “potations pottle deep,” they hav? only to take a both, and be made all right. This is a mistake, unless the head bo immersed first, (which is not generally the cose at Capo May,) for by walking into the wator gradually it drivos the li quor into the head, and in consequence they comb out drunk instead of tight- If wo cannot obtain a railrond through New Jersey, we a&y>-mako an attempt through our sistor which has a continuous rail from Jffibftlelphia to Milford, about twenty miles from IVo could then loavo thooity at 10 A. M.sbd be hero bofore 2P. M. The New York boats jaaviug Philadelphia at 7 A. M., could then take uxsver in three-quarters of an hour, so that at hours and a half could bo saved. If thq New. York boats could not stop, tho Union lino might’ it. The bay here, from tho Capo May light the Breakwater, is only about twelve or thirteen ‘‘miles wide. This would also be a great accommodation to Southern travellers, for they could die Ah Norfolk before dark, leaving Capo May ht‘B A. M. The Baltimore passengers could also be Bet down at homo without change of cars, in five ? or six hours. This is a practicable affair, and .plight bo done by next summer. It is the only retrieve tho fortunes of Cape May, by railroad; and the sooner it is dono the sooner will it sftr the tide of those who have been accustomed wFvislt Cape May yearly, but now prefer to go whore the leiut time will be spent in travelling. Sivart. REAPING AMI MOWING MACHINES. Tbestos, N J., Aug. 8.1857. The recent great United States trial, at Syracuse, of these machines has uwakcued throughout tho entire grosp-gJWwing districts of the States an in quiry as to which te the beet machine in uso. It is not the this article to oven allude to the merits of any of the numerous kinds in use, but to givo a few foots which tho writer believes have been overlooked in the tests that are being mode to dis cover the points of superiority. From tho reports in (ho NeufYOrk journals during tho progress of the United it is evident that tho judges , wero the merits of machines on the basis of>lh£t p6w<rf required to operate them. Ab there was ft Targe ‘number, all doing thoir work equally well, tho force of power necessary for their work wp3 tho point of superiority. The writer was present at the Maryland State trial, held at Chcster townln August, and saw several machines working In tlh?sahicfl<>tdrsf grain. Among tho imniberwer© two working sulo by side. One wan apparently doing its work very easy for two horses, tho team being little fatiguod in operating the machine. The other, with a moro powerful team, was evidently very laborious, and moro than they would be able to endure for nny great length of timo. Yet—to tho astonishment of many practical men— when the Dynamometer was attached, the result was declared in favor of tho latter by somo forty pounds. Wbilo'it whs evident that thejudgeawero honest and doing tboir disinterested duty to tho bestof their knowledge, it was also evident to every man accustomed to working machines, thnt there was something wrong in tho result shown. Since that timo tho writer, in order to discover, if possible, wherein the application of the Dynamo meter failed to give tho correct labor of operating machines, has made govorol experiments, and has decided as follows: That tho various modoa of constructing machines, changes the locality of tho draught and labor performed by tlie town. There fore, in applying tho Dynamometer, by attaching tho doubletreo to the instrument, and tho instru ment to tho usual point of draught, n 3 was the case at tho Maryland State trial, it will show tho full amount of labor for one construction, whilo with another tho same application will show less than two-thirds of the labor performed. Without giving tho details of tho experiments, the writer only asks all thoso interested to teat tho truth of this as follows: First apply tlie Dynamometer to tho machino in the usual way, attaching it to tho ilouhlotroo, and work long enough to get tho full register of tho in- Btruiqeut; thon unship tho pole of tho mnehine from tho neck yoko, by taking the ond out of the ring, and fnston a stoat ropo into tho end of tho polo, and pass it through tho ring of tlie nook yoko book to tho Dynamomotor, so thot tho weight and the polo draught nil net upon tho instrument, und then by working, it will ho found that tho rogistor of the Dymunomotor is nonrly, or quito, one third moro than in tho manner first mentioned. Tho writer docs not know in what wny tho Dy nnmomotor test was mndo to tho machines in tho recent trial, at Syroonso. Ho is bold to soy thnt if the weight ond luhor of tho pole of machines wns brought to not dircet with tho main draft on tho in strument, tho labor of machines has not beon cor rectly ascertained. Ho further believes that tho only correct wny of gotting at tho force required to drive machines is to so attnoh tho instrument that tho draught, and tho weight and labor of tho ]k>lq nil not upon tho Dynamometer nt tho same timo, which cannot bo done whilo tho pole rests in the ring of tho neck yoke; hut hy suspending, with n cord attached, so ns to give froo piny or uction in tho ring, and tho cord directly noting upon tho in strument will givo tho full labor of all mnehtues as it is renlly performed hy tho team employed whilo i" l ™' ' Expkmhext. [Prom tho Toronto Colonist.] Tlie Toronto liauk Robbery—lmportant Arrpsts, Tho public were,astounded at hearing rumors of the arrest of Air. Gumming, tho Bauk Agent, Mr Joseph Korby, onil of Mr. McGnffiiy, tl lo Northern Railway Contractor, for tho robbery of tho X-l 500 a few days since at the Parliament Houbo. During the ■ afternoon, rumors were afloat that warrants were out for their apprehension; but it was deemed scarcely cmhblo, till, iato in thd evening, it was found that thoy wero actually arrested. Thoy wore, last nighL confined in tho ordinary lock up house or tho Polico, nnd will, undergo a full exami nation. . participation McGafley nnd Kcrby hud ill tho robbery, has not yet transpired. Various rumors, ns to tho amount of money each received aro afloat, and wc givo them, in the absonce of gulnr proof as wo heard them. McGaffoyis said to have got i.t,750 or tho money, nnd Korby £l,OOO. Itn alleged, on thoir bolinlf, that thoy won tho money at Cards from dimming; hut their partioi nation in, or knowledge of, tho robbery looks con clusive, else why should thoy be arrested ? It is sald thnt BIX or aovon others,-all of whom arc mov mg in respectablo society—aro implicated; and a more infamous pieoe of businoss was perhaps never brought to hght Cain,da. It might defeat the ends of justice to numo all we heard about this rob hery, inasmuch as it might be u notice to them to ionvo , but the police lmvo, so far, been vigorous and discreet in thoir movements, and wo slnberely trust that this vi Inny, at once most disgraceful mid unsuspected, will be laid bare, and that both eooiety and the penitentiary will gain by tho present vigor ous movements of tho police nnd the city authorities. ia e 0 no mcans of knowing nos tive-that Camming has confessed tho whole misluoss, nnd that it is upon his confession tho present parties aro arrested. We wait further dis olobumb in this business with no ordinary anxioty, as doubtless our roadors do also. Tho proceeding will be published; and thoy rovoal a sluto of no ddy wholly impossible toconceivo in tliisor almost any other city in Canada. Hejhb Wanted—About twenty-five years ago Mrs. Margaret Sheyor (called Bhiris) died leaving a sum of money to bo usod for charitable purposes in the town of Stannton, Tho money wont intotho bands of tho late Samuel Ctafk, Esa’ one of her executors, and, at the timo of liis dtalV amounted to somii four thousand dollars, John n’ Hendwn.EsooiMr. Clarke’s administrator, lately a Trudeo toVS^" “ king tho Court to <‘PP"id a Trust™ to receive tho money, nnd on Saturday i“ton,i J . 1 i <1 «.^ m f on ronJwct > Ms derision. lie deoleed that tho legaoy was void, nnd that tho money must go the heirs of tho testatrix, if their are any, and othomiso to the State So far as it is knows; the eld lady had no relatives. COMMUNICATIONS . [For the Press.} MANUFACTURE OF GLASS. An unredeemed promise, made in a recent “Pittsburgh ltftcr y n that at some future time, I would enter more minutely into the great manufac turing operations constantly goiog forward in that producing city, I now hope in some humble degree to fulfil. The class of manufactories to which the reader’s attention is at present invited, as my cap tion indloates, is that whioh is confined to tho arti cle of glass. Though, inasmuoh as the uso of this nrtiolo is so universal, and the ignorance of its his tory and meohanical production so general, a brief historical sketch of its discovery and progress, may not be on inappropriate prelude to the description of the manufactories themselves. It would doubtless bo sheer presumption to at tempt to fix upon tho precise period at which the discovery of glass-making occurred. Without un dertaking to coutrovert, or oriticiso the assertions j of some writers, however, that glass was known 1 before the flood, its post’deluvian discovery will furnish us a research sufficiently ancient for all practical purposes. s Upon the authority of Pliny, the first rovelation of this moat valuable artificial orystal, resulted from tho following oircumstance : About throe thousand years ago, a company of merchants, who had a cargo of nitro on board their ship, were driven by the winds on tho shores of Galileo, close to a small stream (tho river Belus) that runs from the foot of Mount Carmel; and being weathor-bound till tho storm abated, they made preparations for cooking their food on the strand; and not finding stones to rest their vessels upon, thoy used some lumps of nitre for that pur pose, placing.their kettles and stew-pans on the top, and.lighting a strong firo undernoath. As the heat increased, the nitre slowly melted away, and flowing down tho beach, became mixed up with the sand, forming, when the incorporated mass cooled down, a singularly beautiful, transpa rent substance, whioh naturally enough excited i their astonishment and wonder. Now, however fabulous this account may bo, it is certainly backed up with a due degree of proba bility to entitle it to some credit, ns the sand, on tho very shore to whioh the logend is assigned, has ovor since then beou peculiarly adapted to the manufacture of glass, and iB supposed to have sup plied the materials for tho glass-houses of Tyre andSidon. 1 It is well known, however, that the goneral uso of glass as an indispensable article of comfort and convenience, is of comparatively recent date. AUbroy tells us that, except in ohurches and gen tlemen’s houses, glass windows were rare before tho time of Henry VIII., and that In his own re membrance, before the civil war, copy-holders, and poor people had none. And in Scotland, so late as 1661, wo learn that the windows of ordinary country houses were not glazed, and only the upper parts of those of the King’s palace had glass, the lower having two wooden shuttors, which were occasionally opened to admit the fresh air. Tho fact of so long an interval having elapsed between tho first rude hint of the existence of so invaluable an article, and its full devoloped appli cation to its modern infinite variety of uses, may Boem somewhat strange; yet when we consider that hints equally indicative were exhibited by the hand of Nature—or rather the Great Author of nature—pointing the way to discovery in almost every other department of scienco, without being properly interpreted for ages, the strangeness of this particular Instance vanishes. Blood oiroulated and apples fell, long, long be fore the days of Harvey and Newton; but before their day these hints had fallen in unprolific soil. From this discovery of glass, or the Eastern shore of the Mediterranean.-its progress westward seoms to have been slow but gradual. Its high an tiquity is attested in the broken fragments of gloss utensils oxhumed from the ruins of Thebes and Herculaneum. As early as A. D. 317, we read that there were glass manufactories at Alexandria, and that Adrian —thon Emperor of Rome—sent home, us objects of great value and curiosity, several glass cups, of divers colors, which were nsed by tho Egyptians in the worship of the Temple. There is reason to bolievo, that from Alexandria the art travelled to Rome; but as an evidence of the great scaroity of glass artiolcs in Rome’ in the first half century of the Christian ora, we have the fact re corded, that Nero paid, for two glass cups, with, handles, 6,009 b'esterlln, a sunt or nearly a quartor of a million of dollars of our monoy! and this enormous sum was doubtless paid for hvo cups vastly inferior, in overy respect, to tho elegant flint goblets now daily being shipped from the manufactories of Pittsburgh at thirty seven and a half cents a pieco. Tho oxnct time when glass first came to be used for windows, has never been determined ; although St. Joroine, (A. D. 422.) makes the earliest allusion toitsboing used for that purposo; and 252 years later than this, we arc told that artificers were brought ovor from the Continent to England, tp glaze tho windows of the ohurch and monastery of Wcrcmouth, in Durham; though from what has already boon stated, it is evident that this luxuri ous and oxponsivo adornment wus almost wholly confined tothelrrcligiousedifloes A praiseworthy partiality, truly, on the part of our transatlantic fathers. Iu tho thirteenth century the Italians excited tho wonder and attention of Europe, with their crystal mirrors; though iu the manufacture of glass for tho more useful purposes, they seem to have made but little progress, owing probably to the extreme fondness of tho nobility for implements of gold and silvor, to tho exolusion of every other material. In the fourteenth century tho French government gavo considerable encouragement to tho manufacture of glass; the French, it is alleged, having by strategem obtained the art from the Venetians, by whom the art of producing their colckrated mirrors had hitherto been preserved os a profound secret. In England, notwithstanding tho limited and desultory efforts made in tho manu facture of glass, from timo to time, (dating as far back as the Roman invasion,) within her borders, tho first regular manufactory was established in tho year 1557, just three hundred years ago. Seve ral others were started soon after, at one of whioh flint-glass was produced. The proccssos employed in these establishments wero improved in 1635, by tho substitution of pit-coal for wood in the furnaces, which was considered so important that Sir Robert Mansell, by whom it was introduced, received, in consequence, a monopoly of the manufacture of flint-glass. It was not until the yoar 1673, how ever, that England coased to be lurgely dependent upon foreign countries for supplies of glass, the Venetian Stato especially. In this year an exten sive establishment was commenced in London, for tho production of window glass, and in 1773, just oue hundred years afterward, an act of Parliament was passed for the incorporation of a company for the manufacture of British cast plate gloss, whose extensive works at Ravenhead.iu Lancashire, have continued in full operation down to tho present time. It is certainly a notable fact that, in China, to this day, the manufacture of glass is unknown, al though the Chinese wore before all the rest of the world, and superior to it, in the manufacture of porcelain. Of tho various localities in this country, where the manufacturing of glass is carried on, the read er need hardly bo Informed, that the City of Pittsburgh, and her surroundings, is decidedly the most important And tho unparalleled success with which the production of glass has been hero conducted for tho last half century, is only equalled hy tho saga city displayed on tho part of the early pioneers, in this class of manufacture, in selecting a locality so admirably adapted, in all its natural advan tages. As introductory to my next artiolo on this sub ject—which I shall dovoto exolusivoly to tho glass manufactories of Pittsburgh—l will conclude tho present, with a short extract of a letter, written by Major Craig, dated “ Pittsburgh, June 12,1797,” to “Colonel James O’Hara, Detroit,” and pub lished in Craig’s History of Pittsburgh: “ I then took Mr. Eichbaum up the coal hill, and showed him the coal pits, called Ward’s pits, and the lots on which they arc, with all of which ho was well pleased, both as to situation and con venience of materials for building. I therefore immediately purchased of Ephraim Jones the house and lot near the Spring for one hundred pounds, and have mado application to Ephraim Blaine for tho two adjoining lots, which, no doubt, I will get on reasonable terms. These three lots nro qmto sufficient, and wo aro now quarrying limo and building stono, both of which aro found on the lot.” Tho two gentlemen named in connection with this extract, Messrs. Craig and O’Hara, com menced tho first glass manufactory ever ereoted in Pittsburgh, somo timo near tho date above named. Tho Mr Eichbaum, mentioned in tho extraot, was a Philadelphian, ongngeil to direct the ercotion of the works. GiuvnßAßn. A Good Picture op a Mayor* —Tho Mayor, of Chicago is thu9 described by a correspondent of the Boston Journal i “lie stands six feotfivoinhis stookingf.' ,*Old straw hat turned down all around like freottonum brella—no neckoloth—short, bad fitting linen coat —Jooso unmentionables, which look 'BB if he had lumped too far into them and hadn't timo to got baok—unblaokcd, untied shoos, thredshes too largo —and a alight stoop to the tall* figure, and the pic ture is complete. You see him wWell, sir, that shabby, elephantine individual, who looks as if he had not a cent m the wOrld, is Johannes Elongatus. Mayor of Chicago, and he is worth five hundred thousand dollar*, • TWO CENTS. GENERAL NEWS. At a recent meeting of the Historical So ciety at Bostow, Dr. Loring read an interesting article on Hancook, and exhibited the rest, coat and breeches once worn by the great patriot. Ihey were in excellent preservation. Xhe coat .is of scarlet velvet, with ruffled sleeve 3, and was used os a model for the coat to the statue of Warren. The vest was riohly embroidered with a , B P aD f>l w > and the breeohes are of olive silk plush. John Hancock would create quite a sensation by appearing in State street to-day, thus accoutre^. Dr. Catiin, who has suddenly become fa mou® through his connection with the recont Cun ningharu farce, is a native of Durham County, and studied medicine with Dr. Tyler, of New Haven. After rocoivinghie diploma in 1849, he practised medicine for a short time in Derby. Ho married Mias Beecher, a cousin of Henry Ward Beecher, and a fi ister of Rev. Mr. Beecher, of Saratoga,-at which place, it will be remembered, Miss Augusta Cunningham was preparing to go last winter. Cat lin’s Wife left him last spring, and has refused to live with him since. Gustavos Brown, employed as porter at the Wtt3hington Hotel, Boston, Pa., was agreeably sur mised, on Friday last, by having placed in his lands, by the Agent of one of the Express Compa nies, the sum of nine hnndrcd dollars, as part of a fortune of $3,000, which had been left him by an ancle in Y&terl&nd. Guatavus of course was over joyed at "this turn-up,” and in the evening gave a supper to his friends at the Metropolitan Res taurant. Ho expects to receive the balanoo of his fortune in the course of a week or two. The Illinois Journal of the 6th in&t., says, a little after 5 o’clock on Monday morning, a fire man in the employ of tye St. Louis, Alton & Chi cago Railroad, discovered the mangled fragments of two dead bodies, lying upon the track of the railroad, near Major’s Cofiege, ju3t North of Bloom ington. It was ascertained that the unfortunate men were two Germans, one of them was named Froderiok Schalk, and tho other Joseph Kcyßer. A broken brandy bottle was found on the track, and doubtlessly accounts for the accident. Richmond, Va., was all agog with wonder and excitement, one dark evening last week, at beholding two mysterious globes of light, of a faint yellow color, in the eastern heavens. The people turned out en masse; everybody was gazing with gaping wonder; mysterious conjectures and theo ries as to the probable character of the strange visitors were indulged in, but with little satisfac tion. A man with a night-glass discovered that they were lanterns swung at the end of kite-tails in the mid-air. The crowds went to bed. Says,the "Warren Mail —Messrs. Thomas Struthers, of Warren, and Win. Kelly, of Erie, have been appointed Commissioners by the Sunbury and Erie Railroad Company, to receive propositions for land along the route of the road and|negotiate therefor, according to tho plan proposed by Mr. Merriok, published a short time since. The selec tions are good ones and land-holders who favor the plan can wuoh more conveniently arrange with them than with the company in Philadelphia. The committee appointed at a joint meeting of Temperance Associations, held at Chicago in May last, to call a general convention of the friends of the cause in the United States and Cana das, hare issued a circular, appointing the conven tion on tho 10th of November next, at Chicago. The object of this convention is to secure unity of action among Temperance people, in order that more powerful efforts may be brought to bear upon the purposes which all desire to attain. Mr. Reuben Vining, of Durham, Me., com mitted suicide bn Thursday last, by catting his throat with a jack-knife, in consequence of trouble in the sohool district of which he was agent. He had taken some steps in the management of the district which wore not generally satisfactory. He was a worthy and respeotable citizen. He was about fifty-eight years of age, and-leaves a wife and six children. Tho Amoakoag Veterans, of Manchester, -N. n., will make an excursion to Niagara Falls in October, stopping at Springfield, Albany and Ro chester. They will bo absont about ten days, and will number about one hundred and fifty men, be sides the Manchester Cornet Band. The Amoskeag Veterans, it will be remembered, visited our .city some time ago, and theif soldierly and manly ap pearance was the theme of general admiration. The Mauch Chunk Gazette says, that a tan nery is about being erected in Kidder township, Carbon county, which will be one of the largest establishments of the kind in the United States. The main building will be between six and seven hundred feet long and sixty wide, calculated to 35,000 hides aycar—more, it is said, than any other tannery in the United States. An engine of ninety horse power will be put up We mentioned, a few days since, in The Press, that an affray took plaoe at Cold Spring, N. Y., between Michael Tallen and John McKea ren, and it has resulted, os was feared, in the death of the latter, on Friday. An inquest was held upon the body, the jury agreeing that the deceased died from the effects of a wound received at the hands of Michael Tallen, and deciding that the act was jus tifiable, ho having shot MoKe&ren in self-defence . A few days since, Mr. Lyon Warden, of the Almshouse in Marlboro’ Moss., fooling a little Un well, drank from a bottle which he supposed to contain poppermint. It proved to bo bed-bug poison. When tho mistake was discovered, efforts woro mado to relievo him, bat without avail. The poison was not immediate in its effects, as he lin gered several days, but death earnest length to his relief. A little son of Willard A. Gray, Esq., of Herkimer, N. Y., aged six years, was kicked in the stomaoh by a horse, Saturday evoning, and died in a few minutes. Before dying he revived sufficiently to ask his father’s forgiveness for not obeying him, when he was told not to go near the horse; but he did not suppose tho horse would kick him when he patted him so gently, and spoke to him so kindly. The jail of St. Mary’s Count}*, Md., was bro ken open on tho night of Thursday last, and six prisoners made their escape therefrom. The par ties took with them a yawl bout from tho schooner belonging to Captain George Paul, at Leonard* towp, and it is supposed made their way to the Virginia side of, the Potomac. The jail building at that point is stated by the Beacon to be abso lutely worthless. Tho body of Mr. Crockett Steel, wlio died yery suddenly in Wythe county, Va., a few days ago, has been disinterred, in consequence of suspi cions that his death was caused by poisoning. Wo learn from the Wytheville Telegraph that an exa mination of tho stomaoh has disclosed traces of arsenic, and the organ and its contents were sent to Riohmond to undergo closor chemical tests. Recently a minister in Seneca Falls, New York, was provod gnilty of driving a snug bargain in horse flesh. It appears that he hired a livery horse and wagon, was gono two days, swapping horses six times, and came back to the stable with the same horse he took out, having mado one hun dred dollars by the operation. On the 7th inst., before Harford Count}* (Md.) Circuit Court, tho case of Jacob Shock and wife against the Northern Central Railroad Com pany, to recover damages for the burning of about fifteen acres of the plaintiffs’ woodland, in April, 1854, was brought to a close. Tho jury gave a ver dict of $1,042 ter plaintiffs. A farmer in As tabula, Ohio, complains that he has lately lost seven head of oattle by their eating poisoned hay. It appears that the poison is in tne form of ergot, a smutty excrescence which grows on the June grass. It grows as it does on rye, in the shape of a diseased and enlarged seed, of dark color, varying from tho size of a wheat grain to three-fourths of an inch long. Mr. Guthrie, of Chicago, Illinois, has one field of eight hundred and fifty acres of bay, on closed with good pine board and cedar post fence. He is cutting from other fields at least one thousand acres besides, and oxpects to cut and pres 3 this year five thousand tons of hay. A convention of the representatives of some forty banks of Wisconsin, met at Milw&ukie, on, tbe sth instant. Tho subject of establishing a central redemption system in Wisconsin wns dis cussed, and a resolution was passed declaring it to be inexpedient to inaugurate such a system at pre sent. On Saturday morning, a German, from Ma rietta, in company with his brother, arrived in Lancaster city, Pa., and put up at a hotel on Queen street. During the night he got up in his sleep and walked out of a third story window. He was so badly injured that his life is’despaired of. * A colored man, named Taylor, from Middle town, who had recently been placed in Harrisburg jail for selling liquor without license, and stealing a coat, hung nimself in his cell, on Sunday even ing, with a cord of yarn suspended from the heat ing-pipe of his cell. Gen. Burnet has completed his survey of Lake Drummond, in the Dismal Swamp, under taken with » view to discover whether it would supply Norfolk with wator. Tho water will be available at tho navy-yard. The Government has furnished a party to aid in the survey. It must have been the storeship Release— and not Relief—which was spoken at sea a few days ngo, with sickness on board and supplied with medioine. Tho Relief is at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The Democracy of Windham county, Vt., are to have a uia3S convention at Fayetteville ou tho 20th inst. It ia expected that lion. C. M. In gersoll, of New Hnvon, and Messrs. Stoughton and Davenport, of Vermont, will address tho meeting. At Richmond, Va., on Saturday, 6076 bags coffee, cargo of tho Ann E. Grant, were sold at auction, at prices ranging from $ll 25 to $l2 25, as to quality. The average was about sll*7o per 100 pounds Tho French Government has given, tho widow of Charles Morey, the American improperly shot by a guard in a Paris prison, $15,000 as in demnity. The first bale of newjcotton reached New Orleans last year on the 15th of July. Up to tho 7th of the preseut. month no new cotton has made its appearance there. The season has been unusually backward. McFarland, a well-known circus performer, is in prison at Syracuse, N. Y., charged with a se rious orime. Ho mado an unsuccessful attempt to commit jmfeido on Thursday night. .Times Dawson was accidentally killed on •Saturday, at tho outer depot yard of tho Pennsyl vania Railroad Company, at Pittsburgh. *W\ C. B. Gillespie, journalist of the House of Representatives at the last session of the Illinois' Legislature, has been arrested and held' in $2OOO to answera charge of purloining money from letters. An Irishman, named Haley, was accidentally killed on tho New Jersey Control Railroad, near tlio old PhUlipsburg Dopot, on Saturday afternoon last. v The distillery of Dodworth & Co., in Cum. minsvUle, near Cincinnati; Ohio, was destroyed by fire on the 3d inst. Los* $20,000. Tho loss by the recent fire at PainesriUe. Ohio, is put down fit $lOO,OOO, HOTICB Jtr etmRESPOSDEXTT.* Correspondent# for “ThjPxiss” will please bnarjn mind the following Every communication toast be accompanied, ty' the name of the writer. Ih order to insure correctness of the typography, hut, one aide of a sheet ghould be written, upon. _ ! ‘ We shall be greatly obliged to gentlemen in Pennsyl vania and other States for contributions giving the cur rent news ot the day in their particular localities, the . resources of the surrounding country, the increase of population, and any information that will bo interesting to the general reader. OLD BERKS STANDS FIRM. / The Annual County Meeting of the Demo cratic citizens of Berks, was held at Reading yesterday week- It was one of those old fashioned solid-gatherings which the Demo cracy of Berks knows how to get up. Hon. William M. Hiesteh was chosen .president* He spoke feelingly and eloquently of the ob jects of the meeting, and dilated at some length upon the present positiou and luture prospects of the party. Several other distin ’guislied gentlemen addressed the mating— among them, J. Hagejun, J, Lawbexce, Getz, E. L. Shith and J. K. McKentt. lliester Clymeb, Esq., Chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, reported the fol lowing, which were unanimously adopted: Resolved, That tho Domocrats of Berks, in coun ty meeting assembled, have cause to congratulate each other, and their fellow countrymen, upon the last deeds and future prospects of the Democracy, ielyiug upon truth and -principle; ‘adhering to landmarks established by statesmen and patriots; unwilling to pander to religious prejudice; respect ing tho reserved rights and constitutional privileges of every section; andcombattiog fanaticism wherever found, we achieved in the resulfcof the Presidential election, a peaceful victory which will leave benign and happy influences upon the destinies of .the country for all limetocome. Thesublime spectacle is presented to the world of a great nation which, under the banners of Democracy, has conquered its own prejudices, which has redressed the wrongs and preserved the rights of all classes and sections, and adhered with unswerving purpose to that line of conduct upon which depends the success of thb last grand experiment of man’s capacity for self-govern ment. . Resolved, That we cling to the Constitution as the sheet-anchor of our political safety. AVc adhere to a strict construction of its text, and ask a rigid enforcementof its requirements. Wisely respecting the reserved rights of the States, it embodies 'all that is required to secure exact Justice' to the smallest as well as the greatest. Sovereign and equal when the great compact was formed, by its very provisions they remain sovereign and equal still. Subject to th‘s stipulation was formed a blessed Union, under which we have grown great, powerful and happy. The party which delibe rately resists its requirements, as defined by the only known authority, is guilty of an attempt to subvert law and destroy constitutional! reedom. - Resolved, That the President of the United States, in regard to the “ Kansas-Nebraska” ques tion, as.well.os in his every other Act. has fully sat isfied the hopes of the people. _ Wise, prudent,con servative, bis administration’ is formed upon the pure models of the earlier Presidents. Revering law, adhering to principle, uuwiUiug to assume dangerous prerogatives, the country has ever}' pledge of prosperity at home and respect from abroad. • Resolved, That we cordially approve* of the ap pointment of Jeremiah S. Block a 3 Attorney Gene ral. The people of Pennsylvania recognize in Him a worthy successor of a Gibson—the peoplo-of the * United States will acknowledge him as at leass the .eaual of Randolph, Taney, and other great lawyers who have been fuspredecessors.- . Resolved } That we wfil unitedly and cordially support the nominations.made for State Wllliam F. Packer, for Governor; Nimrod Strick land, for Canal Commissioner, .'and Wm. Strong and James Thompson, for Judges- of the Supreme Bench—all able, qualified by experience, and upright.* We pledge them, one and nil, a majo rity worthy the county., and ono*which.wHl well attest our gratification at the non&ation of Wil liam Strong: £\ * ' " . Resolved, That we heartily anprorp of the’de cision of the Supreme Court-in the Bred Scoticase, believing as we do that it establishes beyond cavil or doubt tho true meaning and construcjlqn of the ' Constitution upon the facts as prcsentigpV wo ap prove of it furthermore, for the* reasSfr-tjiat it secures to our Southern brethren rig&tr.whlch have been attempted to be denied bytofcn. ac tuated either by misguided philanthropy sire to create a geographical division' pf.fjgriles which would enure‘to the benefit of bad atiSji&r . signing politicians. ' A V Resolved, That the public acts of thd " Glancy Jones, our member of Congress, have of strict accordance with Democratic that we approve and endorse them*; thal.-sreakVc 7 unbounded confidence in his honesty and. ability, and that in his future career as a Demasaf/he will receive the hearty support of the DemctfqiS of Berks. • , v r »^f Resolved, That the indiscriminate gragtcOgor- , porate banking privileges, is unwise andjfeti* Democratic; that the Democracy are 'attaeh&fiU'to the policy laid down and adhered to by?tiies3jU - ment-ed Shunk, which when departed frpzn, jeopardizes the interests and rights of the' Resolved , That the proceeds of the Main Line should be appropriated to the gitimate purpose—the payment of the Stats 9vbt. Any project which will divert them, undoi^rfiat- ever pretext, from this end, should be qraflledand denounced by every true. Democrat. Resolved, That we believe tfee proposed amend ments to the Constitution, which ure to be submit ted to a vote of the peoplo at the next election, to be wise, expedient and necessary, and that we.wiU give them a united and active support. " J Resolved, That we approve of the coarse of the State Central •Committee, upon.: thei;proposition* mode by the, Republican candidate, fbr.lipyetnor, for canvassing the Slate. * Against 'the established usage of the party, and leading touo'gpod recalls, it was rightly and wisely declined. , [From the New York Papers of Yesterday.] MASONRY IN NEW YORK Strenuous efforts have been made by the friends of the Order to heal the Masonic difficulties which have existed in this State since 1849. Both bodies claiming to be *» regular” .appointed Cummitjees, who unanimously agreed upon •• Articles of Union. ” The Grand Lodge of which Hon. Mordeca! Mver3 is Grand Master, unanimously adopted them; while the Grand Lodge of .which John L. Lewis, Esq., is Grand Master,, registered them; the City members mainly voting for, and the country mem bers against their adoption. A copy of the “Articles of Union” is inclosed lor publication, that the members of the fraternity may sco tbe exact term? os agreed upon by both Committees. The last article was inserted hy par ticular request of the venerable brother Rev.* Sa lem Town. articles op union* agreed rpox by the cojntit- TEES FOR THE ADJUSTMENT OF MASONIC BIFFEC- EXCE3 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. *Certain events, within the jurisdiction or the Grand Lodge of Free aitfiy&iepted Masons of tho State of New York, have produced the exist ence of two bodies, each claiming to be the Crand Lodge of the State of New York, and Whertas t The honor, usefulness and beneficent objects of the institution have suffered, and are now suffering by reason of the differences and disagree ments among the fraternity of this State ; Now, therefore, the undersigned committee?, ap pointed by the two bodies hereinafter mentioned, m view of amicably and permanently differences and disagreements, to the end that the harmony which is compatible with the true prin ciples of Freemasonry may prevail, do mutually assent and interchangeably subscribe to the follow ing Articles of Union, as a proper and equitable manner of ending such differences and disagree ments. And if said Articles of Union are adopted and confirmed by the bodies respectively, to witt The body known as the Graud Lodge iff the State of New xork, of which John L. Lewis, jr., i 3 Graud Master, and the body known as the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, of which Mordeeai Myers i 9 Grand Master, then these Articles of Union shall be considered and constituted a fun damental law of tbe Grand Lodge of the State of New York. X. That there shall be but one Grand Lodge in tho State of New York. 2. That all proceedings bad in relation to sus pensions or expulsions, arisiug out of tho transac tions known as the “Difficulties of 1549,” shall bo and are hereby rescinded, and all sucb persons as may have been so Suspended or expelled, aro hereby restored'to full membership, and entitled to all the rights and privileges of Masonry. Tho proceedings of either body, in their legislative and judioial capacity, where they do not conflict with each other, aro hereby confirmed. 3. That all Grand Officers and Past Grand Offi cers of both bodies shall be considered as Past Grand Officers and recognized as such. For the purpose of obviating embarrassments in cases were Lodges in both bodies have the same number, the following plan shall be adopted : If the two Lodges bearing tho same number cannot mutually agree to consolidate into one Lodge, then the Lodge having the original warrant, or warrant of senior date, shall retain its uumbor. while the other Lodge shall change its nuinbe and pas# to the next junior vacant number in the list of Lodges, and its war rant shall be so numbered, endorsed and registered. 4. That all suits at law. of whatever nature aud kind, arising out of the aforesaid “Difficulties of 18-19,” shall be withdrawn and discontinued. Tho expenses of both parties shall be paid from tho fund known as the “Permanent Fund,” and tbe balance of the moneys of tbe said Pennaneut Fund, to gether with all interest accruing thereon, mid all other moneys belonging to tho Grand Lodge on the sth of June, A. D. 1849, shall be paid into and be come, and are hereby constituted a part of the fund known as the “Hall aud Asylum land,'* and the Trustees are hereby authorized to make the trans fer. Tho Hall and Asylum Fund, now held in trust by the Grand Lodge, together with Che moneys above-named, shall remain intact, and be applied, with such additions and accumulations as may here after be made thereto, to the purposes for which said fund was croatcd. 5. That the Grand Lodge shall be composed of all the Grand Officers, and of all such Past Grand Masters, Past Deputy Grand Masters, Past Grand Wardens, Past Grand Secretaries, aud P.ast Grand Treasurers, as shall have been elected and installed in this jurisdiction prior to June, a. t*. 5,84®, and of tho Masters and Wardens, or the repre-euta tives, legally appointed, of all the Lodges'Snder this jurisdiction; and of all such Past Masters of Lodges under this jurisdiction as shall have.beeu eleoted, installed, and served one year in Ihe chair a 3 Master, prior to Dec. 31, a. l 5 849 G. The Constitutions and General Regulations shall be referred to a Committee of three from each body, who shall mutually report, during the annual session of a. h. 5857, such form of Constitutions and ucnerai Regulations as may be deemed best suited to the condition of the Fraternity, and not in Tiola lkese articles; which Constitution end Gene ral Regulations may bo adopted at the said Com munication of a. l. 5857. and as further-provided by the Constitution; until the final adoption of which, the Constitution, as at present in force in .this Grand Lodge, shall remain in force, except so far as it may be effected by these artistes. . .7. Any future. amendments to. the Constitutions orGoneral Regulations of the Grand Lodge must have a prospective action, and cannot effect the rights, privileges or franchises which any-member thereof may have acquired. - i 8. On the ratification of these Articles of Union by ihe above named bodies, they aud all their several subordinates shall be considered of'equally regular masonic standing, and as-sueh are hereby declared ,united in masonic fellowship, under one common jurisdiction, and entitled to all t these rights and privileges pertaining to tho fraternity BS freely unci fully sa though no schism h«4 here tsfon W«Wrt4i ,
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