4A11.Y PHESk w. J 5& 1 W^ Sl^lt FKEiI, wSrfissm^L r th * cttr ** *^“ l,o *--:v ■"-■ .*.■ I!,.W.EJB®H’ • li ■• *%?i.ySsW> l ?*«W’ w|U-b»r«Bt t 4 g»few>a«n-''tr *SZ2& m m m HB *lk g W eCopfi ' IS Ten Copies j| gg TirtSSISEi 6 !’ “ ‘ T '"‘‘'(to dii’ussaj;^/ m,m CHOICE . FARM LANDS- for;,sale!—, nrmjitelabai, in bscts of 40 'su-rei ! aBd- (i)ririMn, ''-in- Jong Credit#} and atlorrr&te&Qf interest,*,,.., y# *, TJ6IIO irete, granted Tiy tho .Government to;ai4. ia.tne coastottohon, of tliis 'En64 l 'ilhd ar)i Si-WHlrt' richest oni|tioidal;fottilß. in •IKS' vrorldv'tligj" extend’ through M|tolddlq ; of tUeSUto, to tb* extreme .Wb, midfficjmle avetr variety ofcljraatoumlirodnctlmva fttSid lwiwSfa ttSKt parallels i»tjjifttltado7i Ibe.Rortterai|iM*aM»,GFc£Liayi pralrtojtotja-sparMil yitotoo grovpa «n4in ttorntdiile «l>d toltete predomlnitM, aUrmatte' ink iswHPiwiiHn^iiWWMis’irv’in .& *s?; The cUtMtof, more healthy, mJld.and MOabla, than, w&tet '■ - Coal.ijjeilansivel/.inintJd.find V v^SLliS®i‘#- Ie & many pofhta at $2 to $4 per lfeTiacl at th»- < „ i jfii , .. . r t f 'Buildiug’.ytonG of .excellent. quality algo abound?, i o?tr?lSriasb aremote at-government the addl tlonal .cosfciif transportation a pejpeiual tax ,on the latter,‘which mtu)fc bo borne by toe producer j in the re** duced price iacrecritei'forhfNgrhlu,&c. • n - .v/ .{: Th* payments are< ch&serSj whlijhconvffptoihein Absolute’title* [{ n pie, free »n(J [clear ofeweryinoumbrance/lieu ormort- phcos'are frora $6 to &k): interest only 3perct. TwQntyiierHTt;nrill bo;dedncted frora the'pries’for cash: . *, Thoftewbqpurcbase on long credit, give notes payable , in two,‘tfi*e4, fob^,'five ond>Tx years after da to', Ware required toiroprdv6oh4-tenth UhnuAlly ferfLveyeara. so 'Cbm'petenvswrvoyora will aefiorapahy thW who wish 1 to examine riiepeiAnds, 1 free of charge,' uad did them in making selections, ; .. ,r ‘ Thahandslroniainlng unsold are 'as rich and 'valuable ! as been disposed of. ■ '-\s.v, : ui l Wili be. sent to amp one who will enclose Qfty cents in : postage starips, aSdbookßbr pamphlets containing nu ' ' merouiiiistaaceS Df signed by re apoo table known .fanners living, in theneigh borhood of the Baiiroad hands,-throughout the State— also fencing,price of cattle , _ expeuse of har vesting, threeWng, »np other, tofotraatlott-w Will be cUeefftilly giren onapplloatipn. e|therpertonally or by letter. )p French, or German,' addressed to s*u m«.- 'iOHNiwltSON.' \ land, Cotfgiissioner.of the lilinois Central B-Bf Cov Office ha Illinois Central Jiailroad Depot, Ohieagb, II- Knola.' -. > -. ~ - , T , aut - Slipping. •• ‘i‘S CJAVANNAII AND 'CHARLESTON >3,ships.';,i - ;;- ' 'Fbeichts REDUCED. ‘ > r *V' ' ‘Thd v'oll .kho'Wn flnrt. olass side-wheel. Steamships KSyglONt STATaapd jBTATJS Q?. GEORGIA, now fonn a Weekly Line Dm the South and Southwest, one o\ tteshipfisailiDgEVißY SATURDAY,at 10o’clock; , ''.y* 705 BAY ANN AH. GA, . THE BTEAMSHJP KEYSTONE STATE. • * v OaißLi{sP.'i£Aß3a>iAK,Oomihaiiaer, Will receirifteightoh THURSDAY, Afcgast fltli, and sail on SATURDAY, August Bth, at 10 o’clock, A.M. . ■ jrORCHABLBSTONiS.'O. ; t k ~ ' v - TSE STEAMSUIB STATE OP GEORGIA J . ~J i - JJCR PIiORIDA f from Savannah, steamers St. MARTS «udf&JoHNB.oveiy Tawday acdSaturdavr : FOR FLORIDA, from Charieifeitt, 3 steamer oAfiOLl- NAferefrjlaesday. s'-., i* ,V>: < St, , ,:W *\ i ,FOR. HAVANA, frorn-Charlestoa. steamer ISABEL, oa;th'o4th AndlPth iif efeff’fcootb? ’ aol F ' IHE NEfIT YOEK AND LIVEKPOOL ,;i»M A7IANTIO, CaptrOlirer BMHdtfe. . j ,• \ itrength »nd •POM.'MM W" ore unMueUed for elsgMiwlwl, comfort. - "jariji-M and at gniitw.arH o Jiertlu eocpwf unless paid cJ.tWs line lirtrj tjnpijyad, yfat«-t jght ijtoeosjiit-'iwaßs.of amjn('(j > ■ <• f-j®; 18 » gatitnl»J'r Jr “ l r K i . Ms7' Wcdnesdstf Juiy.B 1657 Saturday, July 18,' 1867 Wednesday fJuly22,' .1887 *:&.■ -iffi Saturday, Bept:lS ''' iBB7 Wednesday. gei>V 2,‘ 1357 , Batasd*y, Sept;,-1867 Wednesday Sept. 80 -1867 Saturday, Opt. .WAuWM, Wednesday Oct. 14, 1867 • Saturday, Ofem !a rIBW Wcdnesdoy Ofct; 28 "1857 . Saturdayi-Norr ■K-.rtf.MoT, Wednnaayi Nou.il, 1857 gatnrdojrjVsy,.^, Wedneaday, N0v.;20, :1867 58 wiill street, if; y, ft*, •v i'-Londojdv;- l >:>' V ---. •* 'tSuiiiw-" - ' 7—? •*» ■ , ~r-v . , ■ aoomiiPTo^/’‘ 'soutfiujiwosr.* t'u . On Wednesday' • holloa- H&yjft -.'’ -JulyBo • Arago'. ■ v%-v ,; Ofik-ldjyaltoa t. • Oct. 23 i >?M: i IS jiAraga v„ s- j,. Nor. 10 . ;i '-, : ,' v /,. (,!pj>®a.*,» . -•• jPecr.U ' Tamo sMftnera.Tmtfv expressly for government serl : vie©. wlthdpfible engines; ocder. deefc. everyl«ire, 'hn4 b*«»*eJkc>iklk4he eonstwietto'n'-'ot Still 4tfd mtofclnem to infar&uro&nMl speed., water j ~,tight so that,,id ■thoeVeQf^niri^4r‘tt«^inVrtHo ; V&te^coal4 - Aot resell ..the aA^^psmngor#.would -be £«] -oared. the sTaof Gr&ris ; n&®£;fcf ThV ftcf commo4»yiw,fiw>p!!BM«P@er9''ftrS) belayed I • ever/ conmttaQd jeonrenfepce that can m desired. -. f ; ■' l ■ !PfMVfrMiYtfkm>B6vtkampum,Lef<:iiame. , ■ I v ; f M .or Southampton to,Nt\o York. i first v.,.. ASOOj Secondsr<34bin' 5r <34bin' r - .’fAOO ' To w>idf.i /the**'* timers 'offei* tlm “ lBd e2pe "n voyage te.beaoht oh . fcoaro tq^,|^)»!^ l :ttlUag, I .nuirked Ocelot?.?* ? Nb passage secwsd eh tlI paid for, Ait experienced sargeoh - onboard. d^wtfefffWlab^ipAiierSmQstpasstb’rongb SIV i(SaHsaio.J. I y, ■; Jl'- J ? .40niU.*S, ,o*. . tons, Oapfcaia rejOSpeddeh, will sail a/above. ,' ■..{., V fo'iinJ>ltL, American >, fka^bgdfU'cT T3QK; l6ti ' .'«»;»....,J8| '■ \ ; &caaaCa6majdd^fterage i Paa»enM|rBri«oifihwl with \ '^tWons f v- /- i. -SSr#lWte.<;f '.M 4 ' -" ,;, TT' )■ wjoiattjr, ,«£-^r*«iiiiig4^ V'. wra|,ai Wni'ainlog'UW ’pages pf- Wfediomcly hotmd.ifl speak*? « <&Uok sjjutdbe wUlu I iftnjoß^^fe^ftjlort^W^OojiiWtuiioQrArtlcle«vof:Coo- ItSSMM Congr^s-1 fpl«whftWF#/VHl»'*ll-the i yotBi* scgllo&aUy claasliied, | on &e4dattdnci Co™promise, a hUWiVtif tno&dmifcslpn ' i tiofc andifotyask*. the; < I er iittdTeßW»7’, id'facty Scything aprar -1 talfiing;fe the iijiXftittt*, ineladltig j tne 6Jienst-ofSJJf PP Kl^r < MekSjwrlf j?rcsiffenSfitti*f^ltijlct i abls- 4 U Stags; #Ws -4 tory ofJp%^i&agP« l>y JJadbpn’ ) in and ihatof Oorernor, i Wlk# iaj&iitltV’fhe iyttrateid SmJUou-Imfs,' and thilr i .htBtos®&; OqroPr9§'jMt{pf ; -the, oeve^al Ci VOL. I—NO. 3. ! * THE EOITpR to Hp READERS. 'Thp.flrat number of The .Pbess will,to-day, be,.laid before the, public. T need scarcely JJJP! a object and design oif this journal. rivti.l e known by its fruits. My anibitlon is to make a, thorough, newspaper, jcomplote in' all;its 1 departments: to "address myself to the Feasori'and'the patriotism of the" .people! in a word, to supply daily a cheap, trust-worthy and intelligent medium of popu , ; lar ‘“formation. To accomplish theso results ! j wl H demand patient industry, large expendi tures of money, considerable experience, and. (the employment of varied ahUity. The belief ; ■ m t a newspaper conducted upon this plan has > Jnever yet failed, determined ine upon the pre ’ ‘Sent undertaking. The hope' that there were jtdany, very many, kind remembrances, pef 'sonstl.to ihyself; - here in' Pennsylvania, and jelscwhere, irispired ; nie with additional confi-' donee in it s success. The agree'bio relations I :had sustained ! lo most of those engaged in Journalism, during my long connection with ; that profession, reminded mo that this; if not :always tho .most,.lucrative avocation, was, at ;least, ip. ray pwn mind, the, most, acceptable, i because it re-opened .a field ,of independent iadtioh.and hard, but edifying toil.. An ehtcr- Spriso founded upon such motives cannot fail to prosper; I have invested in it all that I have in the world, and every effort and energy of [wbioh' I am capable, shall bp enlisted to render lit deserving of approbation and support. ; The Press 'will spent for itself on all tho I great questions of the day. I havo already announced (what, indeed; was universally and justly anticipated,) that the political depart ment of my paper.should be conducted Upon Democratic principles. It is equally woll fenown that the measures arid the men of the present Administration at Washington have' my/heartiest approbation. I havo known the great statesman now- at the head of the Govern-’, ment, arid acted in concert and confidence withhim; ever since my flrft" youthih! as sociation- in polities and editorial life.’ The’ most agroeablo services which it has fallen to to-my Jit to perform, were those given to his i cause. ---My attachment to him grew not more ■ from ..admiration of his: pnre und upright i ohfltscter.than from-a prbfaund-regard for his intellect, experience and patriotism.. It was my. good: fortune, with .many. good men, to assist, not obscurely nor,inefficiently, in crown ing a hfo or usefulness and distinction to his country, and himself with tho highest honors in - the world;' 1 The fiuits of that result are already ; ripening for the Future. . The wisdom of the ■popnUr choice is übirig daily vindicated bytho quiet and oontent which have followed the stormy scenes of last year, as tho sweet sun shipe .follows, tho destructive tempest.' Had Mr. ! ’Buchanan 1 hat been, as' he was, my first choice for President, arid yet approved liiinself worthy of the high trust confided to his hands, by itagahUng," respecting, -arid protecting the rights of the citizen and therights of tho States, I should have done every thing that-Cne inari could, do to. uphold and to strengthen himjand to gather.around him a united.,public opinion; The perforwance.of that duty beoomos a proud satisfaction, however, when...the; consistency, dignity, arid ability of bis administration, are so,tpany proofs that.ho well deserved .the per severing and, enthusiastic, preference of those gallant'ined,who: to his fbrtunos through good report ' arid through evil' report, during iso manydong years. ’ lam not writing as a partisan—l airi not ambitions of printirig a mere party jiaper; for while wltif firm frith arid urifritering footsteps I wiU'tbUow constitutional principles to their logical and legitimate conclusions, I shall at the same .time sc-ek to Convince those who niay differ from •. me,,by reason, 1 not by. recrimina tion.—-by argument rather- than by declamation. And lam confident that no man, looking at Mr.; BuciuNAN’s .pdniinistratlon, -up to this moment, with disinterested,and - elevated mo tives,. will . deny, that that statesman has achieved the,Presidency at an auspicious pe riod fUr 'hls own fame, anu at a fortunate moment for the welfare of the Republic. JSO. W. POBNF.Y. C | f |) r c s s. TUESDAY, AUGUST 4; 1867. nation, j uresdiction', and latede- CIBIONS. : " Everybody knows that tlio Government of .the United States consists of three depart ments, the Legislative, Executive, and Ju icial. The/visitor, at : Washington has no trouble ; in finding where the Legislative and -Executive departments have their local habita tion. - If ho wants to-see the President, there stands tho White House. If it be money'that he is after, that iriimfiiise grahite pile is the Treasury buiiding. ‘ Yonder is the War Office —riot far off stands the Navy Office, Mail, .Steamship, dad Pacific Wagon R bad contracts, are, to. be' let, in. that marble building called the General-.;Post= Office- A little thither on' -.Patents,' Pensions, Indian Affairs, the Public Lauds," arid all tlio nniltlfarioushusiness of the ■ Interior, lire managed in tlio huge edifice, with 'ldrigporticos and lofty.columns,' that goes by the general namp pf tlio Patent Office.. , ~. High on Capitol HIU stands the Legislative .department; its Senate .Chamber and.Repre- Spntativeg'jaall, are.known to. every one, and .its rotunda is daily thronged during the session .of-Congress. ll ." ' •But wliere iii the Judicial departments of tho government to be found ? In a little room, in the bitsement 1 of tho .Capitol, under the Senate .ChatriWr, trie judicial autbonty ,o£the United ;Sfftteß» from,December until March or April, holds its isupromo 'swiy. , Truth ,is said to be in a well: * Justice is here in-ft collftr. But •when the new buildings of the Capitol shall be finished, 1 ’Justice thayj perhaps, have a more appropriate chamber. , . . Jhe EKCcutive and Legislative departments :°f the Federal Go.vepnmont, lbrjnany reasons, ‘ attract more attent ion; and; perhaps, arc better by the publip thiiq the .cd-Ordtnate Judicial department*. .’Tho Courts of Justice established by: the Constitution, were termed .by AiKXANDKE.,HAMitTos “ the bulwarks of a limited. Constitution,” and this, department of the Goyermneutacts, if silently, yet efficiently, upon the general welfare. ‘ I. Its Organization’. — The judicialpower of the United States,is yested, by.trie Constitu. t ion, fn one Supreme Court, and in such inferior’ charts as the Congressmay from-time to time 'brdSijr Shd,estebl|sh,'. As at present organized, . the Supreme Court consists of a Chief- Jus-- tide:aiid r cight Associate Justices, any five of .whom may.constitute The Chief jusiice.and Associate justieee uro appointed by the president, by, and with; the advice and, concept of . the innate, and hold thoir offices during good behavior. This tenure of office *'was*asubject of much discussion ’at tho forma. .tlon ‘ of ’the Constitution,' find hostility has ' ttiat'iJmbj. in• VarlfrttS 'quarters, been’ , manifestedJl, Aboriginally 'org’ahized under the act of Congress of Sept.’, 24th, 1789, the Supreme,Court consisted of a/Chicf Justice and jfiue Associates,,hut the number was in creased to night; by the aetof 8d March, 1887. It is doubted by some whether*' the efficiency bi’ fhe"p6nrt ‘is not impaired' by the number! ;df its members • but as yet no difficulty in the adinSriisfriitiori pf justico baa arisen from that .popree. ■ Thpj;Associate r Justices have precedence according to the date of their commissions; •or wHen the commissions’of two or inoro of ; - thbhi'bear date bn the same day, according'to their, respective ages. -Five members of the Court are from slayehohling States—four mem bers arp irorn free’States. , The Chief Justice, Hon. Hooke B, Taney, is,from the State of Maryland, and,was,appointed in 1886. The /Associate'Justices now on-the Benchjwere appointed iffthe' following order •. ilpn.Jno.Mcl.eah, of Ohio, appointed in 1829 “ “ James M. ’W’ajne, of Georgia, “ 1886 ' “ John Catron; of Tennessee, “ 1887 “ Peter V. Daniel, of Virginia, « 1841 i- Samuel Nelson, of New York, “ * 1846 ■f ” Robert C: Grier/ of Penn, j * ■ <£ 1H46, , 'i*'.vßenj;-R.-Uurtis, of Mass.; “ 1861 , ,c John A. Campbell, of Ala., 1 1 “ 1858. t Tho Chief Justice” has' ah' 'hnnual salary of six thotttand' fiW'tariared dollars. The- As- Juslicdi reeiiivd'sii thousand dollars ft year. The Supreme Court holds but one an- nual term, commencing on the first Monday of ,06.0 opxppz... ] V ' * / WSft 'passed September iWkWiJ'&ql&Ntit ft# Judicial Coh'rts of .the,,United States,”. Circuit Courts arid Din- I trict Coucte were, established, their .respective and jurisdiction defined, and thelt pram- virßefd'afj'BOw qine Judicial* -..10.-.iv.,.. ; Oircriits in the United States, 1 which are res pectively assigned to the several Judges of the Supremo Court, and in which a Circuit Court is held twice a. year by one of the Judges of the Supreme Court and the District Judgo. The Judicial Districts are forty-nine in num ber; the District Court being held by the Judge of the District, who, in most cares, ex ercises also Circuit Court powers. 11. Jurisdiction. —Although tlio Federal Courts are said to be of ,limited jurisdiction, yet a wide range of subjects is embraced with in their cognizance. - The Judicial authority of the United States extends— • : ... First—To all cases in law and equity arising Under the Constitution, laws arid treaties of .the United States, and all cases affecting Am bassadors,-other public Ministers and Consuls. - Second—To all cases of admiralty and mari time jurisdiction. . . , ■ Third —To controversies to which tho Uni ted States shall he a party. 1 Fourth— I To controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States—between citizens of tlio same State claiming lahdfl undergrants of different States — and between aState; or the citizens thereof, and .tbreign States, citizens or subjects. Tlio Supremo Court has original jurisdiction in all cases affecting ambassadors, other.priblici ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall:ho. a party. In all the other.cases before, mentioned the Supreme Court has ap pellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions aridunder such regulations aa Congress lias made or shall make. ’ Cases coming wituin the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court seldom arise—a small number only havo occurred since the organization of the Government. But no judicial tribunal on , earth has cognizance of so great a variety of subjects as may be drawn before the Supreme Court of the United States by its appellate power. ' -Fifty-soyeri cases decided at the last term, are reported in the 19th "volqme of Howard’s Reports, - One of them, the fired Scott case, in volved the discussion ofconstltntional questions of great magnitude, that tbr many years have been {he basis of organization by political parties, sects and frictions, and drawing within the scope of debate important principles of natural, political and moral law. Othergcases involved questions of admiralty, maritime and commercial law—the rights; duties and relations of administrators rind heirs; principal and agent; - attorneys and courts; law titles under public grants in Missouri, in Louisiana, in Cali fornia; and ifnder Indian treaties—the general, law of contracts, insurance, affreightment and charter-parties—liabilities by tlio collision of vessels, and marine disasters—the validity of patent rights, the regulations of the Post-office, and pensiojn claims—points of practice, plead ing, and evidence; th a ttains of negroes, slaves, and citizens; the rights of sovereign States, and the powers of the General Government in its several departments—all these were subjects of adjudication by the Supreme Court at its last term, arid serve, in some degree,, to illustrate the, varied and extensive jurisdiction. of that tribunal. Some of tho leading cases may be briefly noticed. - J III. Late Decisions or the Supreme Court —The bred Scot case called Forth tho contro versial powers of the Chief Justice, and of other members of. the Court, and their respective views ar(3 set forth witha vigor and force equal; to the exigency of the occasion, and the high; issues involved. - But as tho opinions have long been bcforo the. public, it is needless horeto recapitulate them. Another case, Thomas et at. v. Osbern, was: the subject of .dissent.. In this case thy ques tion was wjipther g vessel employed under the 1 peculiar contract which, in the Hew England ship-owning States, is familiarly termed “a lay,” was subject to a Hen for repairs and sup pliea- obtained in a foreign port. By such cohtracts, which are often made orally rind not; hi Writing, the owners agree with a mariner; that he shall sail tho vessol, having command 1 of her'as master, and cinploy her in such . freighting voyages as he sees fit; shall victual and man her at his, own expense; that the, owners shall keep tho vessel in repair; that from the gross earnings are to he deducted all port charges, and tho residue bo divided into two equal parts, one of-which is to belong to. the owners, and the other to the master. This agreement may bo terminated by tho restora tion of the vessel to the owners by the master,- or by their intervention to displace him at the end of any voyage, but not while conducting any one which he had undertaken. The opin ion of a majority of tho Court was delivered by Mr. Justico Curtis, holding that in auch case a lien -upon tho vessel for repairs nml supplies, in: case of necessity, maybe created cither in favor of the party ftirnishing the repairs or supplies, or ono who lends money on tho credit of the vessel, in case of necessi ty, to pay the person furnishing them; that the lien depends upon the existence "of neccs. sity; but tha(i in this case such necessity did not exist, and hence that there was no lien upon the, vessel. '.The Chief Justice .delivered an elaborate dissenting opinion, affirming that a lien did exist; and Justices McLean and Wayne concurred with him. The discussion of maritime contracts and liens in the majority 1 and dissenting opinions is ono of more than ordinary learning and interest. In tHe case of tho United States v. Leßaron, a curious question arose us to tho point of time when an appointment to office takes effect. A person was nominated by President Tay lor, in April,lBso, for Deputy Postmaster at Mobile, and the Senate confirmed tho nomina tion. His commission was made out, signed by the President, the peal of the United States affixed thereto, and it was placed in the hands of tlie General to be transmitted. But before its transmission General .Taylor died. •luafcuiton the Postmaster’s official bond, it was held that “when a person has been nominated to an office by the President, con firmed by the Senate, and his commission has been signed by the President, and the seal of the United States affixed thereto, hiß appoint ment to that ojfice ta complete. The trans mission of the Commission to the officer is not essential to his investiture of the office.” An important construction of the word “ children,” in the pension law, so as to em brace grand children, was given by Mr. Jus tice McLean, in the case of Walton et al. t>». tiarttdh it aU Tho pension act of June 4th, .1832, for the relief of certain surviving officers of the revolution, provided that in cose of tho of any person embraced by the act, pay ment should be made to liis widow, or, if be leave no widow, to his children. In delivering the opinion of the Court, Mr. Justice McLean said, “ On a deliberate consideration, of the above statutes, we have come to the conclu sion that the world children, in tho acts, em braces the grand children of the pensioner, whether their parents died before, or after, his decease.” Two cases, wherein the opinion of tho Court Was given by Mr. Justice Grier, have an im portant bearing upon tliq California land claims, under Mexican grants. In Peraltas case, it was hold «that tho public acts of public offi cers, purporting to bo exercised in an official capacity, and by public authority, shall not be presumed to have been usurped} but that a legitimate authority lmd boon previously &iven, .or subsequently ratified. The pre sumption, arising from tho grant itself, makes it prima facie evidence of tho power of the Officer making it.” In the case of tho Pedto rena grant, the Court said:—“ln construing grants of land in California, made under tho .Spanish or Mexican authorities, we must toko into view the state .of. the country and the policy of thb government} that, although such monuments as hills, mountains, &c., might ap pear’ ytx gue and uncertain to those who deal out land by the acre, yet where land had no Value, and the unit of measurement was a leaguo/speh monuments were considered suf ficiently certain* , Since this country has be come a part of the United States, these exten sive Janche fjraniSj, which then had little value, PHILADELPHIA, TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1857/ — ,• : -t: —— have n. - .become very largo andlvcry valua ble esta. 1 They have Behn denounced 'as “enormoh., monopolies, princedoms,” &c,, and this Court havo been urged to deny tp tlio grantees wlut, it is assumed,-tlio-termer.gov ernments havo too liberally and lavishly grant ed. Tills rhetoric might brivo a just irifiu ence, when urged.to those who havo a right to' givo or rclrise. But the United States,have hound thomselves, by a treaty; to acknowledge and protect all bona fide titles granted by the previous government; and .this (Joint. liaytj' no discretion to enlarge or curtail such nts. to suit our own sense of-propriety, or; do that just claims, however extensive, by stringcrit technical rules or construction, to which,they were.not originally subjected.” ;- e■ - Important principles, decided !n other hates at the last term of the Court, fedlj.be. tho subject of future notice. * ' it'.’’. 1 . U'l'HT. a rfftq;.,,, “THE PRESS” AND’ PErtNSYtVAV»A-.' r ’ i Devoted os “The Presj” will be ‘fo. tlio. rights and interests of every part of ot,t glo rious Union, it will not overlook thoso'df ojjr beloved Pennsylvania. Her people aW.-fier prosperity will ever J/o watcltcd riitjriiU the warmth, of,"feeling arid jealousy .wjcS&e, that spring from the affectionate heart- ef a son who loves her better thari' 1 all thtj'ArßHd beside. Her sister States, old and should honor her for her fidelity in airtimes of trial—her unselfish devotion to the zoodtf the whole, without regard to her ownJparil ular interests. This disintercstednesS;«Jiall only stimulate us the more to see that justice is done her. There shall bo no "pail rif her territory—no portion of lie" people, tlwiwjll not find in “The Press” a steunch fricjql.;.. . To enable Us to do full justicsto tiio rsriens interests of the State, we expect our frlcrids in (.‘very part of it to givo us their coysriint as istanee in the way of communications and co responde'nce; and though wo may riot be able at all times to give their; to the publje in full, wo will endeavor tffiijq tm full justice to them ns our columns WiiL per mit. Our desire is that all old and cstaVMsfied interests shall bo property attended i'd/inid that now ones, that may from time to time be proposed or developed/shall riot be nbgterited. Many of these, from their,every liarity to the local press, are. not deeded of particular interest to their readofs, whip no tices thereof in other parts'of theStatC'njlght be of great benefit to those c,onceriie/I,'and would always be. interesting, to the general reader unacquainted with',the facts. Ti> sucii, “ The Press’,’ will give diu: attention.' :'; ', Many oftiie old productions of the. JOitand of the manlifactiires of portions of tliti "State are very llttlo knori-n beyond their ffflriiCTllate locality; and many,are oonatantjy whose character and extent ate .eqnftJjiLtUft, known. How few in eastern PennSylvasiataiiA fully aware cf the vast increase withift'ai frw years, in tho productiveness, wealth, aritj.tritie of tho western part of tho State! Its commu nion with the frr-West through the Lakes, dm™ the Ohio, and along tho canals and rail roads, must bo seen on the spot to life frilly appreciated. The same may bo said of [north ern Pennsylvania, and of bor trado down tho Susquehanna, and along her canals atid' ! Yail-i roads. Tho development of her vasj! tjoal tields. is perhaps hotter known; but evori.'thU Is not fully appreciated by the people of other parts of the State. <" Her lmvo many a just Idea of the number of iron-works that have sprung up all over the iron regions of Pennsylvania— along the Susquohanna, on tho banka'of the Lehigh,, on tlio waters of the Alleghany, arid hi neariy -every mountain, aqd ou ulmost cyery valley penetrated by her canals and railroads— and where have they not penetrated I— making cities to rise, and tho desert places (o biosgom as tho-rose. How-few, areii in Phlfadfelphia, are aware of the number of mariufrctories'that liavc arisen, and are now tilled with irinehlnorv and busy men, around'our dwri city ami its neighboring towns! ‘Ail this yast and rapid incroaso of productiveness, and of facilities for transportation, to markets, bait been growing up almost' silently and unnoticed. « The "Press” will givo it a tongiiq, tliat tlio world may know what Pennsylvania is doing. And to. Philadelphia—the birth-place and, home of “The Press”— our columns will bo ever open. IVhcro is tlio patriot that is not proud of the political position of Philadelphia ? She lias always been national, and for that reason is she now democratic. Where is tho Pennsylvanian,., or the Philadelphian, that should bo other than proud of her prosperity 1 Sho may not boast a foreign commerce equal to that- of Bostoi), New York," or New Orleans. But what of that ? Is sho any less prosperous, than those cities—or is her prosperity on any .less sure a foundation? Philadelphia has been growing in numbers and wealth as fast, if not faster, than any of tlioso cities, whoso com merce is greater. At tho present day, no city on tho Atlantic, rind few in tho West, can pre sent so many substantial evidences of pros perity. Whole acres of fine, substantial buildings are going up within her borders, for manufactories and workshops, as well as for private residences. , Let no Philadelphian, therefore, repine. Let our merchants try to got as much foreign tradoaS they can, profitably, and « The Press” will give them its heart)” support—hut let uq, one and all, look to our own domestic com merce, our manufactures, arid, most of all, to our workshops”—these are the true sources of our prosperity and our wealth. Submission of State Constitutions to the People. Tho opposition of tho Sro-entere of tho South to the manifestly only just proposition of submitting tho Constitution of Kansas to the people. )ifis led to some disoussioh as to what has boon tbo usual course adopted in the different States of the Union In -respect to their Constitutions. The following table was made up by tho Boston Journal, and is believed to be correot: STATES WHO9B CONSTITUTIONS lUVE BKF.X SUBMITTED TO TUK PKOPf.K FOR RATIFICATION. Michigan, Nov. 5, 1850 N. Jemey, Aug. 13, 1844 N. York, Nov. 2, 1840 N. Carolina, Nov, 9, 1835 Ohls,Junol7, 1952 Jt. Island, Nov. 21-23,1841 Tonneßsce, March, 1635 Texas, Oct. 13, 1855 Virginia, Oct. 23-4-6, ISSI WidtJon.Hin, April, 1848 California, Nov. 13, 1349 Connecticut, Oct. &, 1316 Ge’gsa, Ist MoQ. Oct. 1839 Illinois, March 7, 1848 Indiana, Aug. 4, ' 1851 lowa, Aug. 3, * 1840 Kentucky, 1850 Louisiana,'Nov. 2, 1852 Maine, 1820 Maryland, June 4, 1851 Massachusetts, 1780 )NS ARK NOT KNOWN TO HAVE STATES WHOSE CONSTITUTE! KOPLE FOR BATIIITATION. Missouri, July 19, 1820 New Hanip., Bep7, 1792 Pennsylvania, , 1838 South Carolina. 1790 Vermont, 1850 BEEN SUBMITTED TO TUK : Alabama, 1819 Arkonßßß, Jim. 4, 1830 Delaware, Dec. 2, 1831 Florldu, 1839 Mississippi, October, 1632 It appears, thoreforo, that twenty-one States have had their Constitutions submitted to the people, and ten have not. If there is any mlstako In tlio above table, it consists in reckoning thoso which have not submitted their Constitutions to the people. In New Hampshire, 185], audio Delaware, 1853, pew Constitutions woro submitted to the people and rejected. In, fact, thoreforo, their presont Constitutions, however originated, have been spe cially accepted by tho people. These would make twenty-three popularly ratified Constitutions in tho Utmitm, to eight, nt tho most, deriving'their authority sololy from Conventions. — Exchange. The reforiued Constitution of tho State of Pennsylvania teas submitted to the people in October of 1538 4 and was adopted by undeci ded voter. • By that instrument’ it is provided that any future amendment of the Constitution must first be adopted by two successive Legis latures, and then submitted to a popular vote at a subsequent election, and if this voto ap proves the amendments, they shall bo incor porated with the Constitution. Tho principle that, a majority of the people shall control, now contended against by a portion of our countrymen, in the case of Kansas, is tho most sacred element of our political system, Without which we should bo tho prey of mis rule and anarchy In every State of the Union, Hon. T. L. HAnsis.—Wo regret to learn from aparagraph In tho Cincinnati Enquirer that Hon. T. L. Harris, of Illinois, has boon attacked with hemorrhage of tho lungSj and thnt his life 1b in a very precarious situation. .’Mr. Harriß, it will .be remomDorod, was eleoted lost year to the noxt Congress.— JV. Y- Times / editor of the Astronomical. Journal an nounces tho disoovory of a new comet, by Dr. 0. H. P. Peters, at the Dudley Observatory in Albany, at ratdnight of tho 20th and 27th of July, At that time, its right ascension was 3 hours, and 45 ; ml* nutos, hud its declination 5$ deg. north. Ills quite faint, and Us motion Is increasing the right ascen sion by about 20 minutes, and diminishing the do*, olinatlon by about l deg< daily. ; CORRESPONDENCE. FROM CAPE MAY. j -, How a Hustle Enjoyed Himself there* Editor: —Having read the most vivid de scriptions of pleasure, and the most astonishing instances of personal benefit derived frtftn the con genial and. select associations, superb” bathing of Cape May, I came to the.oonoiudQß to 'realize for myself the blissfql in old oceau, and eqjoy; the 'mony, advantages of pleasure, dispensed herewith sach;aiayUhhaad./ jAfter having been, snubbed repeatedly for my afay .aPhome propensity, and boing -voted out of the •small circle of my frieods, who left-some time si mm. jfo* this renowned resort, X was finally induced, out ;of oompunoUud for my obduracy, end from, a desire |to' redeem my past short-coinings, to .visit, for the first .time .in my life, the sCene which 1 had pie itnreddo'ihyself tea real “Fountain of Youth.” i i j Bnt, Imntrt oonfesa .that my p re-conceived no ftlonB of a popular bathing-place were about as | ntef .the reality' te the ihncbwy imaginings of a, .midnight dretutu.' It impressed me, at first sight, 1 encampment of idol atom) with Foshioh for a [shri^oh-which Sheonly sacrifice to be offered U Money. ThereVa I ppiri^f^rivalryhero for the aku of the moat [fa sjri on ri sobsorved with the greatest ligor; her ■ votaries are Oxpeoted to be so etherealized as to J reqnlre no and so Insensible ; to;the. hjqulrements of btohon nature, that deep ileelfmnjt boa matter of bnttflvial Importance, | coMparedwith those rapturously dulifctftful hops In | a’Stile of scmi-niidity through the smalt Kdars of with the thermodieter'soaring |nineties, add' revelling amid visions of “Gor-' ;goni, hydras, and chtmeraadire,” until, worn out i by the hops,* anxieties and nightmares of the sea* i «u, they have the crowning satisfaction of footing' the MBs; which, tbahhs to their good papas, (which in f Boeioty signify pa pays,) they are generally able i to dOy Uut thi> hour for bathing has come, and ' , sudh a Scene! 'As far as the eye can reach, squads of bathers;-in platoous, double and single file, and telulon dressed a la Ilighlauder, look as if about to make a conquest of the oooan itsolf. Uow, bear with me, if you please, a few moments, white I make a fow observations. There, an old feiiow, With the borpot eal dimensions of A Lambert, seeks to TCerult his shattered hoalth in the briny wares. llcVa, t}io fast ,'oiing moil, fresh from his mint jn-' leps; brandy sm.ftoa, gin cocktails, his midnight orgies and libertino saturnalia of olty life. Yon der,' the'pale-faceil lody, from the lap of case and luxury—an Inanimate ohrysiilifl ‘ wrapped up in a butterfly's wings, whose greatest effort at exoroiße has been plying the needle at some tissue embroid- ' ory, or doing a littlo shopping on ploasant after noons, In the fashionable promenades of the city. But, lo! there goes the dandy, that burlesque on humanity, an Indistinot outline of something like tho shades of the departed, with'logs attenuated until they vanish into tho nonentity of homrnpa thio sdnp. The onlydistinotivo feature about him lifa ,nft Of hair, tho oultivaiion of which bps cost tiiiu many months of care and solicitude, and many iutecloufl shillings, which would have beeu more prontahly invested in the purchase of a spelling btfolc, o’r gono' lo tho poeketa qf his landlady, wtat a pity that Old Ocean should ever ongulph, iUjlils waves, h ereilnre which, baffles tho skill of %S. b J> !ts ttapWl logW to give it a name. ' " ' But the character of tho bathing multitude ia so, varied, that wp cannot do jmtico to the pictute. let us for a moment watch tho buffeting, plung. Iriff,! strangling, coughing, sneciing, swimming sdone lwfore us, while ever and anon the surf broak4 ''vor them, rcgardlo'ss aliko of tho high and the w “ What a pity," I hear one say by my side, “ that society can’t have the exclusive nse bf thq oooan during the, season, as I do dislike to bathe with a mixed company.” Ah! yos, dash on old oceanj and nosh by the same wave these “ vul gar urltzanx" and the fatchoali from tho love leeks ortho codfish aristocracy. Could some modem Elisha stand oh the beach, and bid tho bathing mul titude drop its moral stains, liko tho leprosy that dropped from Is. oWn's skin in thewatorsof the Jor dan,what a time thore wonld bo. My imagination pictures a scene whioh I am almost afraid to des cribe. Methinks tho blood ,of avonged innocence Would lingo tho waters, the tears of penitential an guish would make thorn as hitter as the streams of Marah,—those awfully exorbitant “shaves” wonld come raffling from the pockets of the usurer, and thhetnshlng Weight of brokers heart* would foil ] from tho conscience of tho libertine,“-last of all, with cverjr stay and hoop braced, would float far out on the roaring main tho gowg&wq and *• super fluities of naughtiness,” from the fashionablo belle., The plunge is over, and dripping with brine, they toddle liko half drowned rots to per form the great desideratum of the drama. They leave tho eurf ns social beings, and as portions of a common humanity, only to clothe themsolvea with tho marks of distinction, and to assume an ejclusivoness, which implies that the different de grees of human excellence depond upon the caprice and prldo of pecuniary fortune. Tho ward robos are ransacked for tho latest Paris cut, Brocades, Moire Antiques, Point D’Alencong, and tho most gaudy Bilks stretched around enormous hoOps, flash, fluttor, and gracefully undulate under tho Influence of a vital undertow. Tho Innume rable scolloping?, flouncing*, frillinge, gnarlings, and crotahetings of this conglomerate mass of Fashion, only afford hooks, as it were, to hang on tho most costly wares of the jeweller. Gold breast plates, broad us tho shields of tho ancionts, flash in the sunlight, and protect tho target of Cupid from the insidious darts of the gold-seeking ama teurs that so plentifully abound here. Million aires, all important and exolusive, strut in full consciousness of tholr unsullied reputation on ’Change. Men, with fortunes well nigh established, essay to oast aside tho anxieties of a life-time, and assort their claim sto a free range of tho charmed circle. Politicians are bobbing around toseohow extensively they are known. Progressive clorgy* mer, socking an invitation to address an audieneo of the fashlonabloo, with a view to a future “call,” are dispensing their ministerial bows in a manner more tasteful than devotional. Bankers, brokers, shavers, and patent modicino makers, with repu tations to establish and mixtures to Introduce, commingle togothor in tho monotonous, yot ever varying routine, in whioh tho moving principle is money, money ! But the almighty dollar is so po tent here, I have concluded to get ready to loavc * the Booties of pomp and Bbow. And now, having tasted tho luscious viands of Cape May, and re alized some of the beneficial effeots of its salt wa ter, I am enabled to give ft few plain directhmsfor tho obsorvunco of all rustics like myself. First, you should enrry with you as muob jewelry as portable, oven if you hnvo to borrew it, as it will enhnuoo your reputation vastly. Never mind a seedy beaver or threadbare make-ups, as the ro mfintio holies will take you for a “wandering minstrel,” or a foroigu Count, travelling ntto. You will hear all manner of complimentary remarks on your di&tingut appearance—be stared at through Innumerable opora'glassefl, receive any number of invitations to attend the re-unlons of knobdom—bo bowed to by all flunkeyism, and, in short, yon will be led to believe that you are some body. Secondly, in supplying your purse with the “ needful” for the trip, multiply tho current bill of expense by two, adding one-third of the produot to this sum for “corkage,,’ waiters’ bribes,” “shooting,” “ ten-pins,” 40., and you hav: tho ; amount necessary to give you a sight of the Drama of High Life, with streaks of Low Life, now and then trying to “ mix in.” Thirdly, and lastly, if,* altar you have returned, you have a fow shillings left, go to tho first bookstore and buy The Book, a sight of whioh you never got at Capo May, in. which, for your comfort, you will find written, “ All is vanity and -vexation of spirit Yours, salted and cured, Cape May, August 4,1857. LETTER FROM WEST CHESTER. [Correspondence of Tho Ptobb.) Wear Chester, August 1,1857 The Press, Dear Colonel, reached us in the morning mail of to-day, ahd wo are all charmed with its clonn and beautiful face. Wo have gath ered around the first uumbor a coterie of your friends, and all have pronounced it an “institu tion 1 ’ that must bo kept upon tho topmast jWeii of popular favor. You are well awnro that your cor respondent hassouio little experience in looking at nowspapors, and he is ghul to say that nothing has passed in review before him evincing suoh excel lent taste as tho meohnnioal department of Tin: Press. Every part of tho pappr is handsomoly made up, and the vignette and head are highly artistic. “ The Editor to his Readers" rings clear, and the sentiments contained therein cannot fail to moot tho approval of every honestDoraocrat In tha State, or elscwhero, while their is not a word that Can be rightly objected to by any ono. There Is one thing In it thnt will oauso some men no little Chagrin. You know how industriously it hasboen attempted to create the impression that you had personal grievances against Mr, Buchanan, and therefore tho establishment of Tkh Press. Your handsome tribute to the great Pennsylvania States man, and bis thus far successful administration, will lay a cold hand on tho who have originated these unfounded oharges. We'have considerable excitement here this morning, in regard to a man who was shot dead by a oonstable of our borough, named Wm. Lynch. It appears that a man, named Baugh, living some eight or nine miles north of this place, yesterday stabbed a negro with a pitch-fork, and followed him with tha intention of killing him. An attempt was made by the offleera In'the neighborhood to arrest I Baugh, but he defied them, and . ehoVed: ao much pugnacity, thaltbov abandonodtheldat of. ceouring him. Word waa sent to Mr,Butler,tke District Attorney, and he secured the aerricca of Milton Bayman and Wail' Byuch, onr town con stables, to 'make the arrest, who left tieke this morning, at 8 o'eldck, to aeoure'B»UgS and bitifc him to Jail. - they ’{band' hfat trt tte "!rtod't>ile ’ near hit hpsae, and upon the tho arreat, ha nude atXaytaian: vith adut. and, tpadp. u horribi»jgiglt :ln hit; neokr .OlittiWt ftfcl JW I**nodlfarlnghlaatii 1 **nodlfarlnghlaatii fiiye, m„ t. August 1,1857.' /Washington is » doll aaGbld«nith> debited It U itrange the city daring ehThery.bfthto grtat" j«,' moving *ltu bt hotw and confusion skWAdJketoeprtrfband &iU k>t the in-' vector 1 and Gw afchiWfct* *bd thb experiehdebf the great »nglitoarwk> \ Orlftwfo ifcropila&ma.' The olerk* are at theft *arfi«rfdfetk« ; vac anih alto at Oongws* re-echo toAh, Oecawanal fooUall Jrihe hotel* arefioiitory,*eye W9- d « 8 ofigo hwiftr chews bto cpff, of ? sweet and hitter The fashionablel*dfts,are copUiu their browaafc distant watering-places. f The nearly ull out of town.' And jroratofali, deptia absent '. What a plabe for too may well oak. X might as aobh and as try to find pearls, in this straetsas ndtSel informa tion ;or get Secretory Cobb to pay's baftclaltit; or :Induce Judge Black tdgite mean cpinhpthatwas not conscientious; or ask General Oglito; diaclosd hia State secrets. I have, one or two t matters to tolk about. ..,• • * . f ,/k ; r An effort is being made by Yorker* tQ induce the President to reconmygifl , the erection, of asplondid Post Offioe in thl|grfaicity. The whole cost of site andbuilding^ wfiflrfJt leis than 1 two millions. An oppropriatXjh' of flve iiimdred thousand dollars was made ltstXTohkreM to this object, and President ‘Plato* biff' partfy'oon oluded to buy theeitoaf Bralk Ghyrlh l think, four.hundrpd fffty From this fact, it;wQuld/Eeem, u if the pretoAt a.f*. fort might lueceed. hear that .Secretory ;Qohb has determirmd wt’ (9 go on .with .any of these .groat onterpt&er nntil' Congress has appropriated j the, wbotom the money reqd^red.; There' Is no end ''to expenditures •of a contingent ctiaVahter The New Orleans Custom 1 House, now* and for years’ past, in the course of construction* is a perfect selva in this way. Its vast proportions would salt Now .York, with their commerce of n world, rather than New Orleans; but as the work has progressed it must he finished, no, matter at what cost.: . Tiia extraordinary excitement in thp West, pro daced by the late sales of the public lands, has Withdrawn an enormous amount of Cf pttal from the East. Wo congratulate ourselves abnhdant hfirVests, and, per cotuegiience, an Improved busi ness in the fall and winter. But this u.'ay hot be ft safe calculation after alb What is curious in this business of speculating in land; to the fact, that, at no point have larger for tunes .been mude in the purchase of real estate, than In Washington. Many of opr richest citisena have boon indebted to their good lack In this respect for their wealth. Mr. who dispenses such generous charities, has mod* Immense sums in this way. And, when Government shall 'complete the oqoeduoi and‘ the Capitol, dstff threw a bCaatife bridge over tlro Potomoc, w ft should doaioitod, and. liberally, the rate of property will take anew stprt. There to a vast umouqt of l*nd yet to he had at low figures, particularly on “ the Island,” whieh is bound to be greatly appreciated before many years have rolled round, Solitaire. Death has recently been dealing aome heavy, blows at the officers of the Navy, dropped and not droppod, furloughed and not furloughed. Within tho last ten days five of the gallant fellows have paid the debt' of nature and gone to that bourne from whence no traveller returns. ' “Life Is short and time Is fleeting, Anl our hearts though stout and brave, Still like muffled drums are beating, Funeral marches to the grave. 1 ' Captain Newton, Captain Henry, and Lieato nantsTotten, Deoatur and Wane hare been sudden ly stricken down. Captain Newton was a bravo, accomplished and polished officer, and was, at the timo of his death, President of one of the Courts of Inquiry now sitting in this city. Many of the retired, furloughed and dropped officers, victims of the late famous board of fifteen, have lost a true and tried friend in the sudden death of Captain Newton. C»pt. Henry had been dropped from tho service by tho fiat of the board of fifteen, and It may be that mortification and his wounded feelings, in consequenoo, hastened his death.' He had many friends here and in Philadelphia. The three Courts of Inquiry are proceeding at a snail-like pace, and will, no‘doubt, consume the balance of the year 1857 in making their investi gations. How many of the injured officers will be recommended for restoration, or how many will be ultimately restored, nobody can now predict or foresee. There has been some tall and vehe mently hard swearing before these courts, far transcondlng anything in that line ever before listened to by our oldost advocates. The officers in the navy are too jealous of each other. There is no truth in the report of Hon. J. Portor Brawley’s haring been appointed Sixth Auditor of the Treasury, in tho place of Mr. Phillips. There is muclf speculation as to who will receive the post of Commissioner of Patents, mode vacant by tho resignation of Judge Mason. S. S. Shu gort, of Pennsylvania, the present efficient Chief Clerk of the Patent Office, the accomplished Col. fleorge W. Hughes and J. B. H. Latrobe, of Mary land, are among the names wo hear mentioned for the place of Commissioner. Mr. Shugert has fre quently acted as Commissioner, during the long absences of Judge Mason from, his post, much to the satisfaction of all having business with the Patent Office. Chos. Lanrnan, late private Secretary to Daniel Wobstor, and a clerk iu the State Department, was to-day appointed to a $l6OO Clerkship In the Dcpnrtraont of the Interior, in place of A. W. Fletcher. Wo hoard Mr. Buehanan say the otbt>r day that there wore 660 applicants for Consular positions. It is the President’s intention to make no foreign appointments until the meeting of Congress, ex cepting only the three or four vacancies that have occurred. Wo are all looking, with much interest, for “Tui: Pjikss.” It isthought that a large number qf subscribers will be secured for it in this city. THE TENTH LEGION The Tenth Legion —lVArtt Counties compose it—Their Vote in 18W —Natural Advantages, Scenery, W iloarllhingtatvn* in the eomttry. Among them* are ; Easton,, Allentown, i flonpsdnlg, .MaSfiit Chunk,. Hetblehem,, Cstefiequs,. Stropdsbqji, ana MufptC besides small vOUka. ’ To* give ’ e'ThVashort' description iirtbe*»pttti*i wotfld ‘ ffatoeeHd * the l HtfaUs -with!n Whi<*thi», letter: shduld bedamflafei.; Easton, TTnnnrttbilli and Maueli Chunk bgvg. Jpug.beeoJkpown,M ““WSSift* WS State/ and Bethlehem as one orthe most beantiftil and delijfhtfurpladk of'shitonS rbsort.I’-'Aipreteut 1 ’-'Aipreteut Alfeiltowh •and’ Caiaaaqttiare lihprdvlngwfry rapidly. :> m . i.-.t na i' There are very. ftiw districts of pqiul extent, Which, cap bp»st of , 30 fliany. flourishing towns as the Jenth Legion.' Their prosperity can only bo 'accounted lor by the Varieiana pro fitable employments of* its cltisensi '*lt is rich alike inagrieutoiraland mineral resourcea, and annually produces an.immense amountpfgraio., lron. Mauch Chunk is, the outlet of the great Lehigh coal region, gnd Carbon county a'grcat field of dial operations, while the Lackawanna cbal finds its way to market through Waynh andMonroecounta. - Lehigh county abounds in. Iron ore,.; The Crane Iron Works, at Catasaqua, are said to be the largest establishment for,smelting Iron lit the Dufed State;/ Thire' are ,als6 e’ttenslve * iron wbnu and mimerourf lninuftftoHcß of VkriOUsteidS in ; Nortliaraptohconnty. Among than arm the: ; Lehigh Zinc Works; at Bethlehem. Large slate .queries are .profitably worked in Northampton counties, and numerous extensive ;tanneries,' saw-mills' and lumberfngesfablish nientaareiii operation in' Carbon, Mchrofe, Pike iand'-Wayne'icounties: ' You will,. therefore^ : readily pereelve that the Industrial pursuits of , tho. Legion are at once of a yeryexteosive,prol sfijable and ivarled character. , TJntil withih a few years past, Comparatively .fewpubllfc Improvement# were edrmected with the Tenth Legion, The Delaware and Hudson Canal tapped it at tho Noith, andtbb Delaware Division of the, Pennsylvania Canal, commoting with tho Lehigh Canal frpm Mauch Chunk to Easton, and with the Norris Canal, at the South. The two" former Improvements have, for a long period, been the most profitable In the eonntyj and have each ordinarily yieided ixom twelve to fifteen per cent, upon the* ppst.of their,con* struction. Recently, howpvnya great, addition has been made to tho facilities of commuhiCi tlon.' The NewYorkand Erie Railroad aklrts the Northern sehtion.' The Delaware, Lacked wanna and Western Railroad .'passes, tbroogb Monroe county, ...,It.ccmcefttS,on. the East with Railroads extendidgto New York and Philo-' delphia, add On'thbWCßtWith - the New York and Erie. Railroad at Great Bend., The Lehjgh Yalley, Railroad has been constructed (Torn Mauch .Chunk' to Easton. It connects at Easton with Railroads to New York and Phila delphia,and also at Bethlehem with the North PomiSylVoala Railroad,runfcingfrom that point ttymir oity. A complete net-work ,of great lines of freight jUtd traveltfaus intersects thy Legion and connects it with the , commercial | centres of theUation. N o porrionof the coun try is better supplied with such facilities. , Wlthlii the last five or six years a remark-1 able increase has been made in our Banking! capital, formerly we had bnt two Banks— j the old Easton and the Hbnesdale Bank.' The' capital of both of them has been increased,.' and In addition, tho new Easton Bank, the Al-! lentown Bank, the Catasaqua Bank, the Mauch I Chunk Bank, and the Strondsburg Back have' been established. ) Altogether, the Tenth Legion has so much; to be proud of, and bears within herself so, many germs of prosperity that her people can! well afford to treat with contempt the calum nies of her traducers. Great in her agricul tural and mineral wealth, she is equally so in the intelligence, virtue, and patriotism of her industrious aud enterprising citizens. Long may she continue in her honorable and useful road of progress, swelling the. aggregate wealth of the nation by her rich industrial products, and proving in all times of peril andj emergency a steady bulwark of protection toi he cherished institutions of the country. ! Yours truly, Dslawjlae. THE ASPECT OF PARTIES- There can be little doubt'that we are rapidly approaching another “ era of good feeling” in politics* Factions seem to have worn themi selves out with over-excitement. At least one of the old parties has been dissolved, and is now in a transition state. The two oppoj sition divisions of “Republicans” and “Ame ricans” arc engaged In moderating or remod dling their respective platforms, in deference to public sentiment. Meanwhile, the Kansas dispute is rapidly reaching the point of settler ment. The great principle, “shall tho ma jority of the people of Kansas decide ?” is broadly at issue in the territory* It is no longer difficut to predict the result* The bel ligerent extremes are daily yielding to it, as well in the territory as in the country. How this principle is operating, the following ex tracts will show: Prom the Philadelphia North American, {Republican.} The Free State Party in Lawrence is any thing but a unit, though many persons suppose it to be compact and harmonious. There seems, in fact, to be there a New England and a Middle States faction, each contending for the mastery. An. election for delegates to tho Topeka Convention was held in Lawrence lutelv, and some five hun dred votes were polled, the Yankee ticket suc ceeding by bare forty majority. A letter from a person in the interest of that to a New England paper, speaks of the opposition candi dates as being supported by Walkkb’s friends. The truth,is, that tne rally was made by men whb had been' abused by tho followers of Dr. Robin son, because they happen to be somewhat more pr&ctioal in their ideas. We did not suppose that in the New England head-quarters, at Lawrence, the opposition was so strong. The two men there who chiefly lead, aro Geo. W. Bbowk, the editor of the Herald of Freedom, a Pennsylvania emi grant, and Marcus J. Parrott, a South Carol(- nlun. This is not the sort to be intimidated, and’ those who undertook that business are well satis fied of it. Parrott, though in a minority Ip Lawrence, has just been nominated with great enthusiasm,'as the candidate of the Topeka Con vention for Congress. Brown’s paper haa been slandered without reason.‘ Lastly, eome of the Yankeo abolition newspaper correspondents went into his offloo at Lawrence, to demand a correction of some artiole which had appeared in a previous number of his journal. It so happened that he had already made the retraction, but when "the formal demand was made, he reiterated, the mer assertions. Some of the valiant abolitionists then undertook to do desperate things, whereupdn' Brown soiled one fellow and threw him out of a window. A challenge ensued, which .Brown ac cented, and designated cowhides as the Wokpons. All sorts of garbled versions of thess transactions have been industriously sent to northern news papers, by the correspondents martioaed, and the effort to put down one of the earliest and staunchest friends of freedom i? ceaselessly pursued. From the National lotelUge&ceV, July 23, [Old-Line The Kinsas diffi&ul&romUnues to be the oppro brium of Americanjlbuticlang, and so deep-seated would seem to bsjjpa disorder which afflicts that unhappy Tbryitojy that all remedies have appa rently lost tfcffwvereign officaoy; for no sooner is the pestUkbkspirit pf bitter strife stayed in one direothwajtosn,U observed to break out with re newednoleoce in another, Wo cannot but believe thafGbtPValiler bps endeavored to execute his Bpd difficult commission with the Bfst jKwible, intentions, and has faithfully sought, to ifestore peace td this distracted Territory by 1 htiithcr offeMH*ty provoking the hostility of what Hoajled the *j?rce State party,” uov yet by com , promHitm the official obligations of hit position os .a reptosoutative of the Federal Government, in- StruotAf 6y respect the validity of the laws enacted by? the Territorial Legislature of Kansu. That for ,iUs. conciliatory oonduot he has enoonntered the fierce denunciation of many Southern journal* l fehdcf a portion of the Boh them Democracy la known to every reader j nor, when we consider the sectional hopes, uplrajuoQj, and resentment* wMoh have been roused and nourished by the Kansu question, should we bo greatly surprised by iny such exhibitions of,dissatisfaction nnddisappolnt-. meat However unjust to the incumbent of tho gubernatorial chair In Kansas, it was sot unnatu ral that the' judgments pronounced .by the prvjU' diced critical, Governor Walmr’B ooun*i Whf- nones TO CORRESPONDENTS. aiod tb* follovlkg rolw: ; nwf.}»’ bjr'tt* t>»» |r i> jaj j B * W*P*fkTi *«t «u ite W a «foet «&onlCb« (writlm upon. ",' '- (mriauM MbR MrtnUr eutrfatkou firing (ke «sr tt,,r Wt*cour iM»itn«iTsir yA&mummk ■ pjofsa «•»*(£; DO*Ulififfl : #*dl& tiftkb Tenitni’y.t«»*pasg’ only theywW Mtawuy tfree state Aouae, -eg* cotUatthstthe JWtot box shall bq Ite.nnlri, Shinß«iihhnC BonMor’irtoogitixes t&See great eV M»a« laws Uutniart proto exeleaiTß of Elersry, ejple ' ptfpoUnwte witter, «nd *ppUsdii!g Mr.* Bvcfuauarjod-QvwstfWAiJdDtlQr tbi* p*-, tUTiag when p roe ©©din g from journal* that opposed* the electron dr H*. Bugbasas, and were difrertod from tberinheraHrigbi n£» great principle fy' tbo4efeo.ts.nqd obetrnotlMisjD wnjiag iU pant eai application. “ ‘ • ' ’ ‘ f '• 2 IrratbeSwlfotigipresa. tdmerteii-] Walks*, f#XwsAia~rXfee; ea*iibiji©4»*r Uke slteckeop'taHnxaTCpar, OiSrbxWioeikl, Rsasstscisat lotting sad li vie groan of kbit day,. ae -kbey-nist hand bfXuittce kfii J Xtfniiy bet-iece VhtSerth amt the South, as represented in the fcewadifb -jhoh to*El Amend pr«.] ~Eoqolieri' -‘ 1 WeWdfeh bejosythe iutnetiour oftksPrtej-, dent-of-the Bolted, States to f Qorenier WkUtkh- We approve of them rordi&Uy and in «te ry fit-* tleolsr.hhdvrewirh no better platform frctavhidfc’ to dufsnd the administration from whahrvof rtu? ter the assaults may some. If the Vfcole pnMis life ofjirrks BucntJfA* 'did not furnish ee*htt T sfth Wedimfutable eridenee of Phis deaUerte maintain the Constitution) and-taproteotpthft at%&o?te»tra£2vis?. '■ Whllatto State has dons more-than Virginia lo defend the jmjUrKt* of. the Sooth, yetit i* gratis fyine to remember that -when'satisfied of the honesty aididtegfitpof sn udnri&lstretion, her Dentoorney hare uoror giro* eneoaurraswt.ta the dangerous and frequently impxaoticabU.nl tra-, ismi of Sonth Carolina and other extredieSoquiehS' States.'When she east’her vote tor Jhxnß& ciuxnx, had. hailed hi* elwtinn et a tempotapr gtttrsntee.of the safety of «tr institutions, Htedii ndt ex poet hLtntoinlist as t partisan htorpn- Ses eeutrotersy—* • hoitrosersy vchiob iraa-inr. Batting theparpetuiiy.oitbe llnion. -B»att*Vr ported and elected Ly the National Democracy, not fdr ihd purpose ofcontintiing the agitation or the slavery question, but tor the parpoee of heal' i“*“>e gaping wounds fromnhiohihelife-Wood of national harmony, was rapidly ebbing. Those who expected Jana Bncssaia to ciiliit for i 1 loxsp aad eanmhury oocllior under, oilhsr &f ■ colors of jj*.£*s*.or,of Stuxsruow, hare, of course, been'diseppoluteq- Those u vrhoto'Jh* : perpetnai agltatfon ef slavery eras more pleasant , thairpeeOe and fnosperity, io-vo nothing tohopp ! jj cf D6oJ«EXT3 ,4 of ikTfitti tory to form a Constitution,- , u with or without:do* mestie slavery, :> as that majority might deaUe., It was therefore the duty of Jawxs Bucsaxlx, at the earliest possible moment after his inaugu ration, to A|itWuUy_*id in carrying out this pledge of the whole Democratic party* . t Distances from Washjggteau;'*JT C The following is a list of States, with their District of Columbia, birthe Jtegt coras, according tothp course of the; eaS ? Miles. . . any Augusta. Me ‘ 635 Austin, Texas £JO6 Ccueord. N. H. *..//./ 642 Little Beck, A*k.v...XTO Montpelier, 537 Frankfort, Ky 791 Boston, Ma55,.::..468 Nashville, Tend..“l.rAJli Providence, R? I-.... 407 Columbus, Ohio .042 i Hertford, £pnn 344 lodisnopolis, 720 Albany, H. Y: •... 376 Springfield. lIL 1,040 Trentoa, N. J ITB Jefferson City, X