1 ißix PUBUSHID DAltr, (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED,) BFJOtftf W- FORJfEY. OFFICE, 'No.'iIfCI^ESPrUX. STREET, Twblvn. Cxwsj.m 'Wxk,^payable, tothe/carriers. Mailed toSttb&ribirs outoftteOltylat Six Dollabb ns Akkra* ?(w*Do£iifca res KioHfMostHsj Txntß Potioßd lOfSix for the .time ordwrect. , . - % SJM« PHE 8 . Mailedto'Syitttcribera put roftheCity, at Tbbbi Dol- Z.AB3 mb Atop*,'ip advance. 7, ,wee% ly Press,. 1 * The be sent to Subscribers, by miUl/(p«rAnnhm/In'advsu«*) at *2 co Three Copies, : ft* , r -1* *' 9 6Q0 Fire Copies, £.>*/, 8 00. Ten Copies, i.'t,** . s, , tt4 . u , 4 12 00 TwentyCopSeo, ; “ ! (to oneaddress),.. 20.00 Twenty Atopies, qr over,■_ <i (to address or each subscriber),each;..*! ,< 120 For a 'Olub bf'Twenty-one or over, we Will sand an extra copy to the getter*np of thb Club. > - . • are Requested to act as Agents for .-'■/ißookiSr TOLISIUk* KENT KANE—A. BIOGRA JCi PITY; Bv WILLIAAI PLPJEfi, Tn announcing the Ufq .of ,Pf..Ksne, we are but anti mpating-the wlahea of thousands and tens of thousands of theadnifrersof that’flv&Lt.inan.V '' ‘' ' ' - •’ . Haring M the deeeaSfd/ahdßaV, joying a largo (hath or h[< Cohfldetice, Dr. Elder Id Well qualihed to djo juatlce to the subject. ”• ' ' l ‘ This wUI be Issued In oneLaridsopae octavo Vol ,a OTa *y .Respect thMoperb Vol umes of s*Arcticßxptoratioafl” recently published. . It will wntalh a new full-face “portrait, executed oh steel,, as Well us of bis residence.’ tooriib, medals. In order to jive this a large clxciilation; It will be sold at thejfqw price of'|Jl.so. .. ‘ uonihsht $300,606 within>ijks months, DB. KANR’S QB£AT!WORK,' . ARCTIC EXPLORATIONS, t Is now being by.more -than .two hundred thousand learned'And unlearned. ,it is just the book which should bo owned and read by* every American. Fifft hundred, newspapers'have each pro nounced it the most,remarkable, and marvellous work ever publishqd.i The. Foreign, journals and. the most distinguished savaft* of Europe are - extravagant in its praise... It is mera Crusoe, being .a faithful account of privations and hardships.’ tne U&rra- f tive of which'.cannot be read:,without a shudder. ,Our most eminent men have vied with each other in extoU'. ing its merits.. Two vols-.. octavo, snporbly illustiutod’. Three hundred engravings. Price ‘ • J £ ., DH. ‘ KANE’B WBST KARRATIVE. , Toe UhitjSd’ Stairs Qrinrrx,l ! Ektebwios . is Sraech or Sir Jons PsasrliS. - • > ' •Dflfridg'th<ryearslBso-- , si\'-’ x - 1 A Personal Narrative, by. .Elisha. Kksul Kant, M. D.', U. S.N; - One Tdfuine; 8ro 1 upwards of 550 piges,' containing 200 Steel Plates arid Wood Engravings, ln> eluding a/uai steel Portrait of Sir John Franklin, being the onljr bne over engraved in- America.- - Also, & BioaiumxE.ov FfiA*&MK,by S. Acstis Almbose, This work is totally distinct from the second Arctic * Expedition,'and much valuable and interesting * matter never ,befqc£ published, i- It should be owned by > all who havo piircbaaod the UsfcJßxpedition, aait makes ® r - works complete. , , ■\ A PHOTOGRAPH OF DB. HANJJ, . ¥Kken fbom Life, bt Cbadv, op New Yobk. Pricoss. 'lN'Pjß'BSff; z "" COL. J. o; FREMONT’S EXPLORATIONS. * PEKPIfi'ED BT VH E AUTHOB, , And embracing all his* Expeditions.' ■ Superbly Iljuatrafed with fiteei VloteV and Wood Cuts, engraved.under'the*'immediate ‘superintendence of 001. Fbixost, mostly frotn Daguerreotypes taken on the spot! and .will be issued in a style to match Dr. Kane’s works.*‘lt will also cqnUln a new Steel Por trait, being the only correct likeness of the author ever published. V"’ ~ /*T,wo > Vplumw)'oeUyo^ r ss.O&. BRAZIL :m>. JttffißAismANS • ». Bt.Bbv, D. Fa Kjpdek, ; . Of the fdetbodiflt.Epiotopal.Church Bev. J. 0. Fletcher, r; . Cf, the Presbyterian Church. This new-and splendidly illustrated work (one Urge volume;ccUvo, to .uniform style with the superb vo lumes ofDr. KaqeUjtaftCiZtepfcrttJtoftj,) is. the joint effort of the above' {mined gentlemen, who, as travellers and as Vabdone in an official position as Acting-Secretary of the United States' Legation at Bio,) have hd& a Toug aUd* in A land full of interest, whether we regard'ltm a haturadj'commercial, political or moral point of. view.- Price $3 00., , 27* Ant ov thb ABpyis’woßSia will bb.bentbvnaii. raEB op rosTAQK bv Bsianisq'THk rosLisHti) pbiok. ' .CHILDS &.P.ETERS.O.N.>. PUBLISHERS. . No. 602 Arch/etreetj Philadelphia. -i J. Bi LIPPINCOTT-3c UO u No. 20,N..Fonrth street:- Philadelphia. PHILLIPB. BAMPBON k CO.. No. 18, Winter . HHELDON, BLAKK3IAN &■ CO., 115, Nassau street, New York,- G; P/FUTNAM &00., m Bto&dvray,^NeW.York. APPLEGATE & CO., 48 Main street. Cincinnati. 8. G. GRIGGS & CO.,HlLskestrefct, ; .aul-2t Lamartines mw ttorkv—pubiish ed this day, by D, AP.HJSTON. & -CO • THJf mSTOBZ OR.TCRKEI^i; •- . BpA.DK LAMARTINE.. - . Author of 44 The Girondists,” “Travels in the Holy .1 <i’ '....Land,’.’.Ac - lu3voU., 12rnn^.wellprintM,clotb t s3i - “TheHietdty at Tuckey-has within itself all'the ele ments of genuine poetry, sod Lamartine, as a historian and potf t hMpreB£nteilttuiihistorjrto.ua in such tenth- 1 ful and gloving language as few.beslde himself can com mand. If nrasthecome highly popular, and should find its way Into every private in the country.” —Stamford Advocate. •. / >< “Itisd tfork jif gEßat’Jnterest, abounding more in facte and leu in rhetorical episodes than any work of this favorite atrthbr, and it givea.promise.of a very Com plete. valuable and apparently reliable history of this 1 interestingimt}om“”—.ooafen Daily Journal. . 1 ( rte need not-assore oar readers that this is a fasci- Larijartinealways.vritea.brUiiAntly. and: tbetortorr of uttb»ciiic*iJraßnamni»> the annals of Gin world; along from page to page and chapter to chapter, but can findinb-stdpmng, place" Herald ” “There is so much of the romantic connected with the life of Mahomet, and the annals of the Ottoman Em pire. that this work has all the ebarm of. fiction Coh-' nected with the veritte£i>f:lifctory.?V-lfiy/erj» jlfc*. senger. T, j>«iA'. fc 06. aatslra Pb&bs LAMARTINE'S CONFIDENCES; On Meyonu op kt Yours.; 1 Vpi;l2Ajo...N«flrEdition;.price.Tse,.* i’ l . BKCKSfLT PUBLISHED.,,-r,. r , ~ 1. Aj?FI,KTdN’S gAHWAY GUIDE for-August, 25 cents. 2. APPLETON'S AMERICAN TRAVELLER'S GUIDE fl. • ' 3. LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE.. .2.y01a., $150: 4. DYNEVQJt 1 . bf .Misa Youge.. 2 vols, 1 $1 60. duMi •< i :■ < • r. 6. THE AMERICAN*AXGLERJB-GUIDE,.SI 60. / 6. LIFE AND PUBLIC- SERVICES 0V.. D8: LINN, $2. ' -rn.: '• —• • 7. OF.THJS /UNITED STATES,'SI. H.. .• <*;»'/« •• 8. MACAULAY'S BIOGRAPHICAL/ESSAYS, 76c. - 9. THINGSKOT OENERALLY £NOWN,*I2S.v aal-2t | 1: '' • . * Read i bead j—a new poeMcal > WOW.JitHE .TEXT- BOOK,--OB' ENO YObOPSDXAi bf>M- -W, .Clnsfcy,. City, p. o, .wWiMiJwa < ■) > m ThM woSf, V royal .«ataro r -containing • 640- page* of matter, <»ntaili^uflAtex^u&d' ; haiiilso* elf botuidfia now ont.vKg ffliticatfoeaKet 6sr editor shuuM bevith ottt it. * AtpTawii&ly Artadged'in encyclopedia style* It is a book oMfot-tNifyesteat inference;lt* 4o&talns> smongother'AlttgkjrtiwiCoastittiiron Articles of Con federation, tWfarionfcFfcrty natfortna, the American Bltnah the RfiopintoriSqtL'ihftDMd Seoit o*»e,a -'his-* tory of tbe'vftfou t-arßS**'** hittorr ofthecongres sional LegUfasGn' on tfca 4?ntt*d stales. Bank; *'a - eom piste history,with aUfthe rotes BoctiooallfhUissifled* on tho-MissoiH-pqßipranisq, a history of tbe-admJssioQ of Ihe’severiElates, a detailed record of the Iqgfsla* tion of Coqgm relative td Kansan 'and’Net>rasiea,'th& Kansas -Shanon. and Walk er’s Inangtuji rin faa£)> everything appert talnlng to <tMpieß«*«3faitetneniiD Kansas, including the Bepert* ffenatoadtoaglafls on Kan sas affairJ d*ngJthe. last'Coqgress, and the r Special Message of7TOa6fcf>tt^ta-fhai&ns , sfcl>tect; v his-' tory io.th'dWnßed!State«s -a his tory of AliengoTragej the lettesa,signed, .by Madison in defence offt' American {tarty, knd that of Governor Wise againsr the Aliqn and, Sedition &£v&. and their history j th' *lB6O, Srith tne- several voteajth? the ««mw*ation\Lais;„ Estrada from Sft noted; Abdlitlqnißta Wd y £epublic&ns, - iUustrti le prtiflßitef of their “Parties, ns t also from ate jb of wStiiGßnfc men, IndlcitiDg South* era sefrtl a bUttfryTof-the suDjttt Of the DlstrU- ibUc;£Mhii/ --with ■ report thereof; * Of;##:' GraadytayWport and-Mr.- Eaulkßei "ysatae subject f'ta'Jhprtary of-the Lecturer tlo&s of Hr. Oftl *it«, JP' with the - Into it that XXfc!BSMJHNlS&B*feXtf£ < * ' .“iW -tv. . '<BJtWf,lite’flefeb greatly among. cfcuniiTVvThe Liter*** con- - w«h*tli#sbestf Wt!tet» tf.fht ••" i»-l '-if <?»■'-* , -. *i \.ta coi»i V s 'For th© i snta » holl EYERYBOOK, "WORTH mgyltaw;** JJAffIBB’S ftff T OttfcSTNOT Street, second door, *pT'* A , r-^.C;,. j ffal4ir t imb @I(»90, > i nnHE C«B^|«S3f. M*D ««ST EXTEN ment >fe.OM) 535) A.'. H AIL, '< OHgfflffleKW'laMljrroMfflte ttM&k'SAri* spect KimMilimjmiK-pt (lewnitedFjench CSlnt flhßicaijzeaoria complete sits: ■j ateo, ill kuiM of nx9>Bi luwniri crone ry always Open / SJad Pfo»*;«JlWl^.,!i^W4jßirentp»tte m a and f isrmfifasfe ad>>£*%afJ* appliedat abort uotiee, J! , fy soofcats r siim lWW*l«' ' - 1 _ -||, ,QT I .11 ■,*!*■■**p»***•****!- *| 1 1 • '|- 1 The first numberof The Pksss will to-day be -laid before the public* X need* scarcely* explain the object and design* of this journal. The tree must be known by, its fruits. : My ambition is to make, a thorough,newspaper, complete in all its departments,: to address .myself to the reason and the patriotism of the people: in,a word, to supply daily a cheap, trust-worthy and intelligent medium of popu lar information. ' To accomplish these results will dethahd patient industry I ,'lafke expendi-, tures of money, considerable experience; and tlie employment of varied ab tittyt * Tho beliof that a newspaper conducted upon this plan has never yet foiled, determined me upon the pre sent uhdertakiug. .The hope that .there wore many, ycry many,* kind remembrances, per sonal to myself, hero in Pennsylvania, and elsewhere^'inspired me with additional confl dehce'in'itS'ihc'cfeW.' The agreeable relations I had sustained' to most of those engaged in journalism,'during my long* connection with ,th4t profession, .reminded me that this, if not always the most lucrative avocation, was, at least to my own, mipcl, the most,acceptable, .because it re-opened a field of independent aetjon', and hard,”but edifying toil. ,An enter prise founded ug6n such motives cannot foil to prosper;' I havo invCsted in if aH that I hate in the world, and every effort and energy of which I am capable,'shall be enlisted to render it deserving of approbation and support.' Thb Peess* will speak for itself on all the great questions Of, too day. I bavo already announced (what, indeed, was .universally and justly anticipated,), that tbe politipal depart ment of my paper should" b'e conducted upon Democratic' principles. "!! is boually' well-' kndwri that the measures and tho 'men of the present Administration at Washington, have fo)r, heartiest approbation. I'have known the' great statesman now at the - bead of the Govern ment, Und acted* in' concert-and confidence* with'him,-.ever..since my first youthful as sociation ip poiitics.and. editorial life., Tho most agreeable services which it has fallen to to my lot to were those given to his cause. My attachment to him grew not moro from admiration 1 of Pis pure and upright character than from a profound regard for his I intellect, experience and patriotism. It was I my good fortune, with many: good men, to assist, not obscurely nor inefficiently, in crown ing a life, of useihlnoss and distinction to his country and himself with tho highest horiors In the world. The fruite of that rosnltare already ripening for.the future. Tho wisdomof the popular, choice is being daily vindicated,by, tho .quiet and, conteut which have followed the stormy scenes, of, last year, as the sweet sun shine follows the destructive teinpeßt. Sad Mr. IlucirANA.v ilvt been, as ho was, my first choice for President, and yet approved himself worthy Of the high'trait confided to his hands,' by regarding, respecting, and protecting the rights of the citizonimd therights oftho States, I should have done every thing that' one man could do to upholdandto strengthen him, and to gather aronnd him a united public opinion.* The performance of that duty becomes a prond ■satisfaction,'however, when the consistency, dignity, and,ability ,of his administration, are so many* ptoofo that he'well deserved the per severing and. enthusiastic preference of those gallant men who hive clung to his’fortunes through go6d report and through evil report, during so many long years. * * ■! am not-writihg as a partisan—X a m not ambitious of printing a mere party paper; for, while with firm folthnnd unfaltering footsteps I will follow constitutional, principles to their logical and, legitimate .conclusions, I shall ,at the same time seek to convince those who may differ from me, by.reaspn, not .by; recrimina tion—-by argument rather than by declamation. And I ani confident that no .man, looking at Mr. BocHAUAir’s administration, up to this moment, withdisinterested and elevated mo tives/ will deny 1 that 'that statesman has achieved the Presideticy at:ari auspicious pe riod Ifor his'* own fame, '‘and "at a fortunate moment for the Welfare of the Republic. - JSo. W. Fonnsr. August $ |e jrcss. lofesioCnACY IS THE POUTICS OF NA 'fl}“ | TORE. . Tlinmost celebrated and worthiest statement of .this self-evident truth, ; is in the words: “ All men are created equal, and are endowed by' their Creatori.with, .cprtpin-.inalienable rights.” The) sdrrtifnent of this oracle, 'molli fied bnly in form to the exigency of t the occa sion] has-been thfe hattle-cty of every insurrec tion, revolution, and .reformation, in Church and State, in all the recorded history of human endeavor for the redemption of mankind from bondage; and many a time and oil the Baby- Ions; and vßastiles. of. oppression have gone doivn before it like: the avails of Jericho at the sound of therams-hohi of the host of Israel. But jthese rights are not only to be asserted' and .vindicated against tyranny andaggressiorij they are to be secured and maintained for the ftses to which they are essential in the life, of. the individual, and of communities.' To' tjhis;end, as ( it is,,written, “Governments,are instituted among men, deriving their just pow ers from the consent of the governed.”, ,A pure Democracy is a government of (he people by’tjiem selves, or by the directeat agencies, subject to all the' incapacity ,apdiinattention, 'which necessarily belong to the jurtlon of unorganized masses of men. A methodical order of administration is a first ' necessity to thcpccarity aiid enjoyment of all the rights of social and political life. Repre sentatiye’Republicanismsupplies the order and agencies,required. It obviates the inconveni etffce,' remedies the inattention,' and provides tef the Incapacity, of personal administration h}i pm populace. It concerts the people into a Constituency, arid gives them an agency as •wall qualified and faithful tp'the trust as they the ability to jss/ect, ~: , ‘ i Democracy is the (special guardian of Lib- Republicanism is the apparatus of Or ■der.; /.The one is the life, the other the law, of popular governmCnts-i-the one is the informing spirit,’the other the Working'organism of the .body-politic. The representative functiona ries'are not the sovereignty—they are but de puties. They arc not supi-eme, for their pow ,ers,; even ,aS ddpntfes, ' are definitely limited. The Constitution, which gives them nil their authority, reservea qU that belongs to the indi '.viihial in the constituency, and submits only ‘thoje interests. to .'their action which are in then nature conventional iuid relative. IPei ther the legislature, thejudiciary, nor the Ex ecutive may invade the province of'individual 'lUjwtyJisd responsibility j 1 and, under the ad mirable syiiein' of the ijnlted States,’the fiuni-, il'i Übo- ?clipol district, ttie ,township,, the county, and the State, hold bade and exercise for themselves respectively, all the rights and povprszwhlcbido HotUecessarily interlock with other jurisdictions. ;Here we have a system, a self-working' 'system, symmetrical, scientific, complete, covering all the objects and answer ihgjall tho ends of good government, by com bining and harmonizing liberty and order. 7 democratic republicanism does not in -every instance ; secure,, what Bsacsstohe claims, for monarchy and aristocracy,! the greatest efficiency, and tho greatest wisdom of the .Commotwe<h, : for its service; It nevei’-' theies’s does; aqd .mrist httvc a very fair and faithful’ representation of the efficiency and iwfsdom of the ; cqnstljuency , which'freely ap points it- , jn.other words, it is governed just .as. well aa.it.deserves, which is in the long run better,for it than"/any better management by masters, who take away tho people’s liberties ,tp insure the prosperity of tho State. ■ id'<|i}rdedtoci l aby l , is not disorder id any of its fbppg.'pjf .manitestatibri.. Our free churches, our volunteer armies, and our accidental poli ticians, of a,thousand creeds, uniforms, and polices, /ire quite as systematicand as efficient as dcspotlsmitseir could secure. Our edifice ’ VoOfed, braced arid lighted Is warmed and ventildted mderstarid concessions by ie public, and make them : refuse, to . .surrender. any WWiavo digested, these ' eoß'rtitntioiial law, which in, theory as they are practi lrigift is' reason’s best effort' their operation, its Owsj’stemhaa in it'a apecu h stands ready, to incorporate itaricqdpolic.y'of progress'— 'Rrmgt'.of. iipprovepment, /■(the steadiest Conservatism "cteimsi n^ottasotiridetpe- Congfesir j* fir,; Toomb8 ; x and' Kentucky re sola jaw.olll7o4-w&’B7 j. many other .thww too fe 'ft* Biggie 1 volYto* . iubJwst' comurMsed v di*cps«<ofl, o,r lum!/ to rl. ■ - Washington, p.CV, or iSjSKWtt * OO!. pWUdelpM*. . b>of - al Mt and *fb>Utjr of it# cod-' fafdfr'oai/.rv\' aul2t# GIFT BOOK SALE, ;’6'treel,, N..B<—No conneo fathe CHy, ~. wiVSm \ > -4 VOL. I—NO. 2. THE EDITOR. TO HIS READERS. MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1857. ' rjence. It has proved just as good at organi zation as in revolution. It lias followed pre cedent as well as it’has accompanied progress. The wonder-wotking Instrumentalities of the present century which have changed the me-' thods of productive, Industry, and altered the drift of national activity, a dozen of times, havo never found us unready for the changes; the addition of half the continent to oar dominons; the influx of all ■ the civilized world to our 'shores'; the discovery of gold mines rich enough to pay the market price of all Europe; the conflicts of thirty odd parliaments; the election of a dozen federal administrations; one maratime war with the greatest power npon the ocean, another wjth the strongest on our own continent, and half a score of respectable rumors of war with respectable nations, and twice as many severo skirmishes with our hordering savages, have passed over us, or we have got over them, just as happily as if they had been specially calculated for our advantage, .and, the luckiest things that could-have hap pened to us. We have been occasionally embarrassed for the 'moment, with questions of such difficulty ahd magnitude that no other people could have settled them at all; but it has always appeared in the end that our system had a perfection of spirit behind its perfection of form, which Shows that its provisions, being, exactly na tural and right, are, liko the laws of' nature, capable of covering every change which can arise. See what we have’ dime in the matter of acquiring and annexing foreign territories. The old world lias not yet got beyond the idea of provincial dependoncies-7-wo make Bister States and fellow-sovereignties out of all our acquired domains. With them, also, a man must be born on the soil to'hold the rights of a citizen—wo have boldly converted ohr for eigners into sovereigns. ' They take care of their religions—we make ours take care of itself and of us. They keep their forms of go vernment till they perish of old age and imbe oility—we let our Constitutions run about as long as the 'statute of limitations, shading them off as fast as they ripen; never allowing any thing that wo live by to rot on onr hands. They hold themselves scarcely worthy of tho inheritance of their fathers—wo fuel- ourselves worthy of. the fathers themselves, end all the moro capable of thinking for ourselves l that they thought and acted so well for themselves and foriis. They value their charters by the age of the dust on them—we don’t wear 1 , tho same limestone in our bones more than seven years together. Yet with all this and 1 ‘.More of horrible And Awful Which even to name had been unlawful}” a hundred years ago, wo have helped ourselves into the front rank of nationnl.well-bolhg, and hurt nobody in the struggle. In a word, we have demonstrated already all that the hopetbl of the past ages "only dreamed, and translated the generous prophecies of, philanthropy into the actualities of fact.' Wo'have been rapid but not rash. We have, rolled through all this persistency of change and all these, changes of persistency, in the steadiest con formity to the laws of our destiny. TVe have some troubles still in our hands; for it is but eighty years since we had all tho original sin and actual transgression of all the ages before us, to dispose of. The very worst of'those mischiefs wo strangled while yet in our cradle; some , others have been growing with our growth, but they have not out-grown us. There are, for instance, such problems as these, which are yet to be solved: The old time vigilance of law for the security of pro perty; How -much further than exemption of tho homestead; non-imprisonment for debt; and equal 'distribution of Intestate estates, may ■we go in the way of relaxation ? 1 " More difficult still—what shall we do further about our judges? Wo hive gone so far as to elect them, like our other public servant!), for short terms, holding them responsible to the extent of their interest in re-election for their judicial conduct. This method of appoint ment snd limitation of tlie term of service, is in tljeory a grand advance upon the iife-lease of the office, and absolute- irresponsibility .to the people, which was the rule befor£ our time. The independence of the Bench that anomaly of American republicanism has re ceived a shock by being sirbinitted to the tri bunal of the ballot-box, wlricli will yet grow into some efficient check upon its prerogative. So' soon as we got a judge criminally puniSlied for criminal conduct in his office, we will have the servant well undor the control of the sove reign; We have very successfully surmounted as, great difficulties in other matters, as the due responsibility of .the judiciary for malversa tions In office presents to ua. Still another range 1 of experience, covered with clouds and. darkness, is before us—Legis lation'in restraint of private immorality. If w 6 could but haves the holp of England in making the experiments whioh are pushed upon us by our forward position, we might be relieved and helped a little in our first dashes at them; but she never does do anything of the sort; and France is so capricious and French, that we would not know whether her example would warrant our adoption or not. Then again. Banks of circulation, corpora tions, and international commerce—who un derstands these things, and the legitimate pow ers of tho government respecting them ? Women’s rights that arc rights and interests both, and women’s wrongs which are bolh wrongs and injuries. Are there any remedies, legal, social and industrial, within ouv pow ers and duties? Democracy ought to have something to say on this topic, for Democracy is not fool enough to be a tyrant, and is natu rally so just that it need not bo generous.— What will it do for justice in this behalf? And, last of all, our slavery-system! What is to be done about that 1 • ■ Give, us time; we are so healthy in all our powers, and safe in our conditions, that we can get along well while we are studying and experimenting upon all this mass of moment ous issues j and we are not afraid of them Haven’t we severed the Church and State with safety, and advantage to both? Haven’t we un dertaken the education of the children by the State, without impairing the parental rights and duties? Haven’t we made marriage a civil contract in tho eye of the law, without affect ing its sanctity ? Haven’t wo laid restrictions upon foreign commerce, and fostered domes tic industry by federal legislation ? Is there any interest, prejudice or passion, of capital or creed, that wo have not dealt with boldly and safely ? Is there a despotism in all his tory which l)as gone as far into tho inmost life of,its subjects? Is there aDemocracy on record which lias so carefully respected all that is essential to personal liberty? What is there in the duties and necessities of such a people under such a political system which they can not perform wisely and happily in the fitting time? | Tho unsolved and unsettled questions of policy, which have boon the standing reproach of pollti sal skill in all past time are, every one of them, undergoing the process of solution in our hands. The things that are not yet done, arc,nevertheless,being done-, the pro mise of accomplishment is clear in the progress already made. We need only to walk by the same rule, arid mind the same thing whereby wo have already attained, to reach the mark for.the prize of our high calling. What wo have here said goes to the point of our system’s intrinsic efficiency, for its proper action and permanence. A good law is one that secured its own fulffiriients, in vir. tun of its harmony with the constitution of its subjects. Tho adjustment amt fitness of our political systerii, result as a necessity of things from the fact that its provisions are the exact reflex of the popular will, making sovereign and subject convertible terms-r-tlio governors and the governed tho same party. iAt another time we will consider the rules of opinion 1 ' and- conduct of the people under our system. ’ It is notified by.the Board of Trade that tho Portuguese government has declared tbe port of Moesamedesopon.tothe trade of foreign nations, upon the sanlo term < as the porta of Losndo ahd respeet-t the duties on imported goods PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1857. CAUSES OF THE HINDOO HE VOLT, Various reasons have been assigned—all but the true ones—why Hindostan should have broken into insurrection; why Iho beaten slaves should, at last, have turned pn their op pressors. There are over 100,000,000 people in India subject to British sway. They have been kept in order by an army of 282,000 men—of whom only one-seventh are Euro peans. Tile remaining 240,000 soldiers are na tives, largely but not wholly officered by Eu ropeans. , These native troops, again, ape sec tionally divided by castes :—thoy consist of Rajpoots, Brahmins, inferior castes of Hin doos, Mohammedans, and a, few Christian converts. The native troops are bravo in battlo and faithful at all times, provided tlieir offleers are Europeans, who can keep up their discipline. One casto of Sepoy? dislike, dis trust, and. will endeavor to disobey native offi cers of another caste. Of late, nativo offleers have greatly preponderated in the native regi ments. The remedy would be to have none but Europeans in that position. It hak been alleged that tho Sepoys revolted because of the Inaction caused by the Anglo- Indian Government having no wars or pro jects of annexation on hand, —becauso thoy saw the British" troops in India so greatly reduced by drafts for tho wars with China ahd Persia, because their religious prejudices were outraged —because attempts at Christian prosolytism were encouraged by tho leading authority in India, —because tho idea arose, from this, that after having robbed them ofproperty and free dom, Great Britain also intended to take away tin-ir religion—and because emissaries from Russia, Persia, Cabul, and Burraali had conti nuously inculcated the idea that if they made an effort to throw off the yoke, they would have speedy and efficient assistance from «out siders.” Tlie English journals, to do them justice, d) not conceal their apprehensions. Tiiey suggest various modes of quelling the insur. ruction: —railways, to cover tho country, and fucilitato tho conveyance of troops; entirely officering tho native troops with Europeans; greatly augmenting the number of British troops in Hindostan; and, above all, (wo quote tlie exact Words,) “by quencldng the revolt in the blood of the mutineers making such an example as would strike ter ror into tho minds of tho native population, and keep it there for a century—guarding by tiie stoord what was procured by the sword,” and so on. - - 1 • No journalist has yet declared that to re dress! the numerous wrongs which England has inflicted upon India, to give the Hindoos something like justice, would do more to per petuate British rule in Asia than a million of such death-winged messengers of wrath and vengeance as artillery and Mltiie rifles. Tho whole system of British Government in India is absurd and cruel." For.oyer one hundred years, John Bull has boon a whole sale filibuster, and nothing but a filllbuster, in Eastlndia. From the time of capablo Cuv E to incapable Canning,■ tho prlnCiple.of -ag gression has prevailed. Tho roguo of a father who sent .his sOn out upon the world with tho advice “ Get money—honestly, if you tan; but get money,” would seem to havo Influenced England as regards India ;—« Get territory—no matter how.” And so, annexa- tion, by conquest or by trickery,.has placed the greater part of Hindostan under the sway of England. Of England? Not exactly. Rather under the Way oi a mercantile association, char tered over two hundred and fifty years ago, as thc t !East'lndia' Company, exclusively for trade. By degrees, this Company got a foot ing In India, as land-owners—then 1 followed conquest, Tho traders gradually became rulers, making money by possession of ox elusive rights as merchants, -and making power as governors of tho country. The process of absorption raised up a mighty cm- 1 piro : for England in tlie East. In 1884, on the renewal of the charter, tlie Company’s rights as traders ceased; but its political powpr was continued, checked by tho British Government, (operating by means of tho Board of Control,) and in sqcli an anomolous manner that, though the Company cannot appoint a Governor-General of India without the consent of the Crown, it can recal, of its own absolute power, tho Viceroy so ap pointed, and actually did so recal Lord Ellen berough, a few years ago. One obvious im provement, if England is to retain India, would bo to buy out tlie Company, and exer cise undivided authority over that vast terri tory. Much depends on tho if. England’s con tinuance of power in India may already be declining. Tho present revolt may bo put down, by fire arid sword, but the causes of antipathy, and vengeance nro too deeply rooted to be crushed into lifelessness by forco. Englishmen fcavo been tho plunderers of Hin dostan. It was lately placed, by evidence, be fore Parliament, that torture, in its most, cruel shapes, had been and still is constantly used in India, to compel tho miserable Hin doo! to give up the few rupees ho might hnvo saved by hardest labor and privation. What rhall be said of rulers who, having so heavily taxed salt, that enough of that condiment for a Hindoo’s daily use costs one-fifth of his whole income, punished, with imprisonment and fine, any native found guilty of scraping from his wooden door-posts the slight saline incrustation left upon them, by their being casually wetted with sea-water ? Should England lose her Indian Empire, whore the prestige of licr once mighty name lias already become a thing rattier of memory than existence, what Power, among tlie great ones of tho world, will lament this commence ment of her downfall ? Not one. Sho was imperious, insulting, exacting, overbearing in her days of pride, and her decay will excite no sorrow. The earth, which was once filled with her name, will not mourn when its bright ness is dimmed, dulled, extinguished. Tiny exiles whom her harsh laws drove in millions to these western shores, will exult over her humiliation. Here, where her tyranny drove us into independence and nationality, a now Empire is being rapidly constructed, for, as Byron suid, “the New World is tho successor and heir of the Old.’’ THE CONTEST IN MISSOURI Much interest is felt in tho approaching elec tion in Missouri. It seems tliatthe questlonof emancipation hasbeen formally introduced into tho canvass. Tho Now Fork Tribune says:— “But whether Hollins, (tliq Emancipationist) be elected or not, tlio policy of purging Mis souri of slavery has been opened to discussion,” to which the Detroit Free Press replies: Tho policy of purging Missouri of slavery” had “ boon opened to tho public scrutiny” more than thirty years ago, and had remained opon but for tlie rise and progress of northern abolitionists. And tho poifey of purging Virginia 1 , If ontuoky, Tennes see, Delaware and Maryland of slavery had been opened more than thirty yoars ago, and bad remain ed open but for tho rise and prrigress of northern abolitionism. And we apprehend that it is not doubtful that but for abolitionism all these States would have years sinco adopted systems of gradual manumission. Tho Legislature of yiiginia dis cussed tbe subject of gradual manumission prior to 1830, and about that flmo one house of the Legisla ture of Kentucky actually passed a bill providing for gradual manumission, which, had it passed tho other house and taken effeot, would have made Kentucky praofieallyn free State by this time. Delaware and Maryland have clung to slavery in defensive warfare against abolitionism; and so has TenncHsoo. It is tho Boil and climate of Missouri, adapting her to froe labor rather than slave labor, which have opened to public scrutiny the subject of eman cipation,and notahythirig conneotodwith tho pond ing election or past elections- Thera is no abolition party, outside of the city of St. Louis, whioh sym pathises in the slightest degree with the blaek re publican parly. Missouri Si thinking of emancipa tion not as a political but as an industrial move ment, and this notwithstanding .tho adverse in fluences of political abolitionism. Hznev Olat's Last Vote.—The Lexington Statesman sayi"ln view of tho attempted nso of Mr. Clay,B name to arouse the long-buried ani mosities between Whigs and Democrats, the States man deems It not Inappropriate to mention the last vote ever recorded by the old statesman. In the first State election under tho new Constitution, sixteen officers wore to beehoson. Twelve of those candidates had Deniocratio opposition, and . be tween these twelve Mr. Clay,s name stands re corded op the pelt books as follows For Demo crat*, 7; Whigs, 5,” "i HOOPS l-A BOSTON I NOTION. The Empress Eugenie' has a great deal to answer for. - She lias revived tiie fashion of wearing hoops, first invented by an English Princess. This practice of treating woman liko a beer barrel, by hooping her, fell into disuse among our grandmothers, though it lingered, as a part of full British costume, until the early part of tlie present century. Pifteon or twenty years ago, a Parisian modiste, one Madame Crinoline, ro-introdneed it, and tho garment which expansively swelled out tho skirts of fashionable ladies—something between a bal loon and a churn—took its appellation front her. At first, a certain degree of moderation was used by the wearets, but the dresses gradu ally extended. Still, they had the merit of being flexible. At last, tho fair Euoenie brought back the hoops! All the (female) world took to imitating her, and husbands and lovers saw, with more surprise than admira tioh, tho fair sex floating along tlie streets—lor it scarcoly looked liko walking—occupying double space in rail-cars ami omnibuses, and literally putting gentlemen at a distance, if being utterly out of the question that, as in thq olden time, there could he that linking of arms'Which used to be so agri cable—if tho lady were agreeable also. The approach to tho present expansive and unyielding stale of affairs was gradual, like the scientific advances of a good general. First, the orinoline,. (a curiously woven iiorse-hair tissue', which bore any degree of crushing,) went ,by the hoard. Then, the inferior and innrv garment—wo frankly name it, at onco, as tin 'dtldoat, —was stretched out widely at the b' VAtjenuatlug by intervals, by cotton ri until tho dress literally became ■ .trend at tho baso, and beautifully loss,” This lining somewhat lighter in weight, was an improvement on the crinoline. But it did not rest tjiusbrass, whalebone, and even cane stretchers ca wo into use, and in use thoy con tinue; Tho difliculty is, that not being flexible, they are awkward every where except enprome nade and within doors. They have been vehe mently ridiculed, greatly abused, and intermit tingiy defended. “ Punch" lias had his fling at them, of course. All who travel by land and by water, join in tlie condemnation, for when two hooped ladies occupy tlie spaco of flvo ordinary mortals, what can a man do, but stand up, no matter how tired lie may be, and, to use ajkmfiiar phrase, “grin and bear il.” It has been proposed to charge double fare, hut gallantry' forbids. “ Patience and shuffle tlie cards)” was the philosophic remark of Sanciio PANZA, and it applies to hoops, as well as to other trials and troubles of transitory life. Boston Is an original place. A calm atmos phere of self-satisfaction pervades it—and no doubt, operates in producing that agreeable good opinion of himself, as an individual, and of hi? feliow-citizons as a cluss, which is tho peculiar characteristic of evory Bostonian. TbatiCity. of Notionsclaims vast .intellectual, supremacy, and whother in literature, criti cism, art, morals, or religion, a Bostonian sets up for infallibility and superiority. Wo arc sceptical, a little,—but cheerfully admit that Boston justice is original, peculiar, and start ling. A young demoiselle, one of tho remarkable family of Smith, was lately brought before a Boston justice, charged with wearing hoops of such remarkable exuberance, that a male coin plajjiant, when she walked on the side-walk, was wholly unablo to pass lier, and after re peated efforts, was compelled to step into tho dirty carriage-way, whereby ills gaiters were slightly soiled.' He had tho fair and fasliiona blo.' Miss Smith summoned before a Boston justice, rangallantly declaring that tho ampli tude ,of her hooped skirt was a street obstruc tion, and her, wearing it, on a narrow side walk, o nnisarifce. Tho fair defendant appeared kwna, outride tho Court. The ordinary door .way was too narrow to admit her. They had ito open the folding doors, and then slio glided in, hooped, handsome, and indignant. Tlie comuliilnt was heard, and the ungallant justico •flftba Miss Smith five dollars. She threw tlie money down, flounced out of the Court, and, no doubt, wished herself in some bright little island of the. blest, where the side-walks are widq enough for ladies to promenado upon— whicl) they are not in Boston. If hoops continue, there will be nothing for it but to build nil new cities with forty feet wide side-walks. In those cities already exist ing, the only available way is to cover all tbe fashionable streets with flat roofs, on which the ladies may promenade to their hearts* con tent. The question—how are they to do their shopping ? comes in hero, but as that does not concern ua, we shall not now consider it. Wo uoticothat tho Bostonians have just voted half a million dollars to widen their streets. No doubt, tho hoops have done it. Another question—Are hoops healthy?—we havo determined to postpone answering until another time. In all probability, we shall have to return to this great domestic sub ject. Au revoir. Governor wise and the Germans. In a late address of Hon. Heney A. Wise, before the Mcdianics* Institute of Great Bri tain, he mado the following allusion to the Germans: “Horse is a tnochuuic, Fulton was a mechanic, Franklin was a mechanic, Sir Christopher Wren was a mcohunio, Newton was a mechanic—God is a mechanic. Tho triumphs of meohumes aro the triumphs of mankind. [Cheers.] A German no bleman once on a visit to Italy, being a man of the world and pleasure, spent most of his timo at the theatres, whore he was much annoyod at tho deri sion constantly oast upon his oountry for her Bceo tlaq temperament In turn he proposed au enter tainment for tbo Italians. JIo proonred a largo dilapidated house, and tho whole scene presented was one of tho streets of Romo. Tho time was night/ Just before tho dawn of day, a weary tra veller Was mado to appoar in tho desoluto streets, sooking whore ho might And shelter and accommo dation. lie could And no inhabitants awake, 110 throw himself down upon a pinna and waited for light and the inhabitants to rise. Whilst he was {‘''"ping, tho ghost of Cicero was made to appoar • ipproaoh the stranger, who awoke, rose, took ’Myitck, the horometor of that day, to seo tho \ 'era night. Tho ghost was surprised, and o?kcd VAt It was. Tho stranger explained it was a mechanical instrument to measure time. ‘Won derful/ said tho ghost. Who invented that? ‘The Germans/ said tho stranger. Next he took out an ulmanae to seo when day would break and tho sun rise. ‘What is that!’ said tho ghost. Tho strun gor t.*plained the art of printing and tho astrono mical calculations of tho calendar. ‘Wonderful, most wonderful/ said the ghost; and who invented that? ‘The Gormans/ suiu the stranger. By this timo the day bogan to peep, and tho stranger being juiputjent to bo taken in from the street, he beat tho doors in vain, and at lust drow a pistol and fired it off, to arouse the sluggish sleepers Tho ghost started affrighted, and asked, ‘What is that?’ A vjJstot and, gunpowder wero explained. ‘Moro wondorfql still/ said tho ghost. ‘And who invent ed that?' ‘The Gormans/ said tho straugor. ‘Groat and wonderful people! And whilst thoy have been progressingin all theso arts, what have my people neon doing in the centuries sinco I was upon earth?’ Just then ono of tho lazznroni of x |lome appeared, and tho stranger said, ‘There is a specimen of thy countrymen. Buy broke, and tho ghost vanished. Germany had invented print ing, the horometor, and gunpowder. Rome had been sleeping to dooay and death, in her dreamy drowsiness over past greatness, and the condition of her lazzaronl frightened away tho ghost of Cicero.’* J 6 THE TRUTH IN A NUT SHELL. Should a submission be refused, or should fraud bo practiced at the election, they will appeal to CoiigreM to refuse admission to the new State until it comes with a Constitution clearly emanating from the popular will. —Albany Atlas f Argus. Thi* 1* attractive and fair, but is there no Cat under the Meal ? Will the Adas answer a direct question 7 Should a Constitution be adopted which neither authorizes nor prohibits slavery, would Kansas be a Free or a Slave State.— Journal. To whioh the Atlas Argus replies: “We answer that in such an event Kansas would be in precisely the same condition of Now York. We have a Constitution which 1 neither authorizes nor prohibits Slavery.' Tho result of course is that our Legislature cun authorize or prohibit slavery in ite discretion. Tbe whole cubjeot is within the control of the people through the legislative power. We oertainly shall be content to see the people of Kansas adopt a Constitution prohibiting Slavery, if thoy think that is the best way. But we shall also deeth a Constitution which is good enough for Now York, good enough for Kansas. Certainly, if tho Free Stfttd woe aro largely in the ascendancy as to ,numbers,as we do not doubt they are, they eannot complain of & Constitution whioh will give tho popular will entire control of the Slavery question'. ’ Does the Journal insist on making ft Constitution for Kansas more stringent on the Slavery question thop that of Its own State ?” On the occasion of the birth of an heredi tary prince, the Grand Duke of Baden has pub lished an amnesty in favor of the individuals ac cused 0?> or condemned for, poliUoftloffe&ces during tlw event* efl&SßmU&ttf ' CORRESPONDENCE . OUR NEW YORK CORRESPONDENCE. New York , Saturday, August 1. TUB VACANT POLICE COMUIBSIONSUSEtP. If to-day is not “ big with the fato of Cwsar and of Romo,’' it is well understood that it involves important interests connected with the Polico Management of thi9 city. Between the rising of the sun and the going down of the samo, it has been appointed that the vacancy in the Police Coiniuir.'.'on shall ho filled; and in the completion of the new incumbent will be found that of the whole Board. Mayor Wood has managed well in tho struggle between the city and the State—his opponents have managed badly; and if there is any prestige of suocesa in deserving, he will suc ceed in his intention once more to get the manage ment of tho Police Department of New York into his own hands. A few weeks ago, there were those who, charging him with ah the weaknesses and rices of the whole Munioipal Government, would h&ve been glad to see him unseated; but it Isquite a question whether they have sot already become satisfied with weakness and imbecility, and glad to return to any management. which promises strength —baokbone w wblch the new Board mani festly 'hare not. Never was a more silly move made than that of Draper in resigning; and never has one been more abjectly reponted of. As a climax to a quarrel with General Nyo, and a general dissatisfution with everything and everybody, Mr. Draper resigned, with something of the same speed with which he would have knocked down a choice lot of goods to a prime customer in his auction room. An hour showed his error—a day set all the Republicans crying at his heels, and than three days established the fact that he had nearly, if not quite, overthrown all that his friewN had been laboring to do for months before. It was rumored, last evening, that he would bend bis stubborn back far enough to re seat himself In the Board, it being held'that bis resignation had not been final. This, of course, ho will not do for shame sake; that he would be gladof some excuse to do so with honor, thero cannot bo or a doubt. Speculations are goncral and contradic tory, this morning, and as the telegraph will settle i tho question bofore this letter is in type, I wilL not join in them. A QUESTION OP INSUBORDINATION. Deputy Superintendant[Carpentor, (In answer to tho charges against him before the Police Commis sion, of having spoken disrespectfully of Mayor Wood,) has plead, or rather demurred. His ground that tho words, if spoken, wore spoken?of tho Mayor as Mayor; that he not having, jjp to that time, taken his seat as Commtsstoufy was not really his superior; that to form a superior au thority at all, the whole commission.,,iind not one momber only, was necessary; and £Kat finally, if ho was to be tried on the charge at all, he claimed the privilege of justifying. On Tuesday next, the case will be either tried or dismissed. HOAXED NEWSPAPERS. Considerable wonder has bean excited during tho last few days by two marvel!qss stories published by two leading papers—eachj having its own, and not tho other. Of course the other, in each cose, doubted the authenticity of the story it did not publish. Tho Daily-Ttmes gave a story of a young lady on Staten who shot a burglar when attempting to/break into a store, the body being found; the* next day in the Bay and the Coroner’s Jury passing complimentary resolutions on the young lady’s courage and fidelity. This the Herald doubted, A day or two after, tho Retold followed with a story from the same locality, in wbioh a lady and her paramour wore surprised by hor husband, an attempt made to shoot tho Lothario, and the mouth of tho pistol finally turned with fatal effect against the lady. Cries, entreaties, groans, death and rcpeutonco '■* followed In duo order, and the story was quite a pretty - . :*nce. This the Times doubled. The discovery was tu;/' •ventually, that neither story bad a particle of tiw. for a founda tion ; but it has remained a complete mystery bow they were set adoot. No clue bos been given, and I will give one. All the leading dailies not only employ their “ unrivalled corps” of reporters, but buy whatover,they can find of sufficient interest from “ outsiders.” A bright little scamp of some sixteen years, who bad served his apprenticeship with the Reverend Joe Scoville, ou tho State Re gister, supplied both items, gottiug well paid for thorn- as well os a dozen or two of others equally false? but not of magnitude enough to make the same umount of wonder. It is not yet discovered who wrote them, but certainly they caiuo from an oldejr head than ono of sixteen. For a week or two, it is to bo presumed, tho “ lending dailies” will be a little more cautious how they purchase from “ out side reporters.” MR. M’ELRATn’S farewell. If mercantile and monied repotation la really dear to men who have held them, as they are so often pictured, then must Mr. Thomas McElrath, of tho Tribune, do a mournful act to day in the re signation of tho Presidency of tho Nassau Bank, which ho did, uioro than uuy other man, to call into existence. Coni fields have absorbed all that had been won in fortunate speculations and newspaper enterprise, and tho end is to he deplored. There is not a shadow upon his name, however, and it is understood that all liabilities, except those arising out of his coal business will he promptly met. He will rise again, no doubt. STEAMERS AND DEPARTMIKS. Noblest of American stearaors, until fix* Adriatic follows her—tho Vanderbilt sails to-day, Captain Wilcox no longer in command, but Edward Hig gins. late of the Hermann , in hU pluco. She has a large representation of wealth and fashion, going «Jo Europe ft' summer and autumn tours, not to montion Jlon. Joseph A. Wright, Minister to Prussia, who goes to his destination; Commis sioner Preston, of Virginia, who goes on a com mercial errand, and a pair of horses bought in Vermont for Louis Napoleon, and now on tlieir way to the imperial stables. John Walter. LETTER FROM NEWPORT. (Correspondence of The Press.] Newport, July 30, 1857. Cun you spare me a corner in your virgin sheet for a voluntary scrap from this most delicious of all rosorta—where men and women are wont to summer togothor—to seek rocreution, amusement, and health—to osoape from tho vertical suns of July and August? It is useless to discuss it—go where we will, there is but one place in the length and bieadth of our land, where the great deside ratum is obtained throughout tho hot season— a mean tomporature of about 70 deg. Whilst, from general rumor, at Saratoga and Capo May thcorowd of visitors is simmoring, seething, roast ing, boiling, frying, or freezing, wo arc here bathing (not in surf, unless wo please) in tho most dolieious atmosphere of Gulf stream exhalations, thrown up from tho coast, and condensed, in this cooler region, into a soft, refreshing vapor, whioh disappears with the noon-day sun, and leaves be hind an invigorating, bracing air, that, set in mo tion by the seabroeso, imparts almost tbe effects .of a galvanic battery, and makes ono bowl along with all the elasticity of an October day. Nowport, like a Phoenix, is rising from its desolation. • Crowds are pouring in from every quartor, by evory boat. The natives ore recover ing from, their panic, occasioned by the gloomy predictions of certain prints, that this season, from certain causes, it would bo deserted. Two months ago there was nothing but cottage-life—the hotels were empty; now our midnight slumbers aro regu larly disturbed by arrivals in the dead hour of tho night, whon the boats land their pnssengers. The rumbling of wheels and olattering of hoofs over tho pavements, at that still hour, startle you from your deopreposo like thodotouation of a park of artillery. In a brief moment they have passed the paved streets of tho old town, and go whizzing along tho fine Macodamizod roads with which the hotel and cottage grounds are surrounded and ap proached. In another moment you are fast asleep in a dolieious temperature. No ono flees this cli mate but tho poor rheumatic, and even he, when he comes at tho end of the season to foot up the bill of pros and cons, is compelled to admit that, after all, his gouty limbs, taking everything into consideration, are better off hero, in the long run, than they would be, subjected to tho annoyances of places less gonial to his ailing. Newport has tho rare advantage of combining the supply of every want, with the addition of a climate not to be found clsewhore in this country. Tbe hotels tcoux with their motley, mixed groups, and aro nut t/w great attraction it is in the lordly man sion of the rich cottager, sheltered by the profuse shrubbery of his ornate grounds, that ono meets tho crcaiu of Newport life—and it is thisman, and these people, who make it their home for five months in tho year, with whom is to be found the great charm of a sojourn at Newport. Dinners rechn ches—matinees musieales— tableaux —.soirees—fete ckampetres— diversify the enter tainments of this exclusive set. There U scarce a day that something of the sort -is not on the tayis. Then comes the tug of waf; how aro tho hotel canaille to get a bidding ? It is sometimes amusing to see the diplomatic tact which is employed to obtain 'for iomo'falr tame an invitation to display her bhftfmsinthese select cirolos, fbr every one has not * chttige, and it is tbe ordor of the day. to bt) called upon by, and not first to call upon,,JJieWHldalgo oottAgers. Every species of trick and intrigue is at work to foist ambitious candidates into this fastidious realm, and the man who had the geqerpl disposal of suoh tickets for the season, might depart with the means of one of these rich gentry himsslf, so TWO CENTS. fierce is the contest to squeere in npon any terms Into the& aristocratic drawing-rooms You can not be said to have consummated a summer at Newport,* unless you have had the entree of these circles—that is if you are worshipping at the shrine of fashion. , It matters net what your fame, nor how extended for literature, the arts, elo quence, learning, nor even how high born you may have been; you will die of social atrophy, if, un known wltbm this imperious orbit, you eke out your summer existence at a hotel Well is it if your spirit is not corroded with this mania for no toriety; a;id many them are You may, if you will, (and many do,) live as quietly here, and as removed Sifom the public gaze, as in the forests of West Pennsylvania, or in the glades of the Al legheny. And thus it is you so often see families in affliction,seqaester themselves for the season in the shadeidf a Newport cottage, where they are so completely shut off from the outer world by a chappafal of shrubbery, that of a darkish night you eph scarcely see your hand before you. I am an idle speotator here, and by a fortunate connexion, am lingering for pastime in one of these strongholds of pleasure. Yesterday I saun tered off, after a late breakfast, in se&reh of ad venture, and at once (o a hotel, to observe men and manners, where one finds every shade and variety of character, national and persona], as much so as though tin y had been furnished by the other members of our solar system. Onco or twice I have found inyself within hearing of a political group, discussing tho times, and it has happened that I have beard you, my dear “Press,” can vassed. Aqueduct. LETTER FROM PITTSBURGH, [Correspondence of The Preu.j Pittsburgh, July 28th, 1857. As there is probably no spot within the wide do main of our good old Keystone, more worthy of occu pying a column in the first number of The Press, than this Iron Metropolis of Western Pennsylvania. I shall endeavor to givo you a hurried sketch of my first impressions of the location, oxtent, and appear ance of Pittsburgh os a city, and. the enterprise, wealth, and general character of its population. Pittsburgh—tho site of old Fort Duquesne, to gether with her environs, Allegheny City, Man chester, and Birmingham, occupies within her densely built portion alone, an area of over two thousand acres, nud more than twice that extent if wo include her less populous suberbs. Sur rounded on all sides with exhaustless mountains of minerals, and having within it the confluence of two navigable rivers—tho Allegheny and Monon gabela, which at this point unite in forming the Ohio, thus placing the head of tho latter and the mouths of tbo former in tho very heart of a wide spread and populous city, numbering at present one hundred and thirty-eight thousand inhabi tants. Within the memory of the oldest inhabitant— (if that venerable individual is still living!) Pitts burgh has been known and noted for its smoke. Daily, monthly, and yearly that rarial pillar of cloud is increasing, and many are the pilgrims who, in days gone by, were by it guided hither across the desert of advorsity, and who have since become the architects of their own fortunes, to be left to their posterity and to the world as monu mentsof wisely directed industry. Pittsburgh itself is, indeed, a vast monument of labor—an immense laboratory, where the skill, energy and wisdom of tho people, judiciously combine to make the most of the natural resources which turround them. It would be difficult to imagine a place more strikingly distinguished from what might be termed a “ flash” eity, than this. It is diametri cally the opposite. It is not a fast oity in any one particular. Slow and plodding as the movements of the ox, has been its growth; and as a conse quence of this peculiarity, she stands to-day the acknowledged possessor of more substantial wealth than perhaps any other city of her size. Instead of building upon a hugo mountain of mortgages aud undeveloped speculation, she has founded her financial house upon a rock, which rock is simply the industry, the frugality and the integrity of her citizens. Not but that her resources of mineral wealth are enormous, and have contributed largely towards the making of Pittsburgh, which is un doubtedly the fact; yet the industrious habits of her people are too plainly manifest to escape obser vation. Ndwhore in Christendom Is loaferism and idle ness so sadly at a dfeconnt as in the city of "Pitts burgh. Every man you meet looks as if he had something to do, and was just on his way to do it. Competency, or at les?t frugal comfort, are al most universal, and in no city that X hare ever visited is the grim visage of pinching poverty so generally cheated out of bis victim as in this. Really, in this respect, Pittsburgh seems to hare solved the great social problem. Of course all are not wealthy; yet, to judge from appearances, It would be difficult in many cases to distinguish the Princo from tho apprentice. An admirable trait in the character of Pittsburghers, is that they seem to take no pains whatever to appear to be anything else than they really are. “Enormous hoop 3” and “ elegant moustaches,” and that kind of imported nonsense generally, are objects of rare discovery. I hare, in fact, met but one genuine bipod 41 squirt ” since I have been here, and ho, I afterwards learned, was but a temporary sojourner in the place. But I must not Je too lavish with my encomiums, for it is not my object to give the impression that the people here aro all incarnate angels, by any means; but lest X should inadver tantly tread upon the corns of some of my most respected friends here, 44 nativo and to tbe manor born,” upon this tack, I will dismiss the tree, and direct the remainder of my remarks more particu larly to its visible fruits. Ifweasoend Mount "Washington, on the South side of tho Monongahola, the city of Pittsburgh, in its sombre and unpretending hues, lies outstretched before us. The heavy black smoke, rolling from a thousand chimnies, of all sizes, thickens the air, rendering tho sunbeam ruddy, and is gradually settling like a pall upon tho lower part of the city. But wo will ponctrate this veil, and realize the old German adage, that “ where there’s smoke there’s fire.” Wo aro among tho manufactories of Pittsburgh, and as wo glanco o’er the endless catalogue of the “ various articles manufactured in Pittsburgh,” we aro ready to exclaim—what is there under the aun that sho manufactures not! To persons not familiar with the great mineral resources of this place, a few general facts with re gard to them may bo a matter of interest. Pitts burgh is surroundod by a bituminous coal field, embracing within tho limits of her own State an area of about 15,000 square miles, or more than 8,000,000 of acres; of which coal tract, one single part—that which is known as tho upper, or Pitts burgh seam, has, by careful calculation, been corn computed to contain the enormous quantity of 53,510,430,000, or fifty-three thousand five hundred and sixteen millions four hundred and thirty thou sand tons! tho value of which, at an average rate of five cents per bushel, would be worth about seventy-five thousand millions of dollars, or more than tho gold production of California, nt its pre sent rate of twenty-four millions of dollar* annu ally, would amount to in three thousand years! Interspersed with thi3 immense extent of coal, are also found rich deposits of iron oro; yet from tbe almost illimitable extend to which the various manufactories of iron are curried on, she draws hor neoossary supplies from sources extending to tho Nbrth, East and West for several hundred miles. Her railroad and boating facilities, kowover, render this importation of iron a matter of com paratively small expense; which fact, combined with the unparallolcd cheapness and excellenco of her fuel, enables her to sell and deliver her manu factured iron wares in almost every section of our country, without competition Notwithstanding, however, that in the products of her iron works, may bo found everything from the most riendcr number of wiro to tho largest steam engines, yet, as already intimated, her manufactures are as diversified in their produc tions, as they are remarkable for their number and capacity, and into which brass, glass, cotton, and wood enter almost os extensively as iron itself. To simply name in catalogue the various classes of articles here manufactured, and that daily find their way from beneath the pillar of their native smoko into all parte of our country, and evon be yond it, would, in itself, protract this letter to an undue length, to say nothing of the numerous in dividual establishments devoted to these several branches, much less to devote evon a passing no tice to tho interesting minutia of even a single one of them; although it is my present purpose in a future article to enter into a more minute detail of some few of the most extensive of their number in these various manufacturing departments. I propose doing this the rather, because several of the most extensive operators in the city have kindly consented to furnish me with all the neces sary statistical information I may desire to make my statements reliable. Iron working establishments of various grades may here be counted by hundreds, though the thirty-four glass houses, in and Around Pittsburgh, Would probably constitute , a more interesting fa»* tore to readers in goneral. Occupying, as Pitts burgh does, as it were, and as it has been appro priately called, 14 tbe gateway to the West,” and possessing natural advantages, as a manufacturing city, superior to any other point in tho West, or I>erhP]>s in tbe world; her distributing Interest* Ereiy must be aesosopasied by ssioe of the writer, la order to insure correctness is the typosrtphy, bat me aide or a sheet should ho written upon. ’ • * \f e shall be greatly obliged to geutleares is Ptavyi* rani* ind other States for cooto Stations giriag the c*r, rent stirs of the dsy is their perticaJar localltiw, its resource* of the surrounding eountry, the increase o ( population, and ssy information that will be intereetibg to the general resder. of course lie main]/ in that direction; thqugh a considerable portion of her product* are shipped East to Philadelphia, New York, and B&sen. To a Philadelphian, the fact is anything but pleasant, to realize that considerable portion* of merchandise brought here "from the£ag are purchased in New York; though I am inclined to think' that this fact is quite a* much attributable to a culpable business neglect, on the part of our merchants, as it is to a misguided partiality for a more distant market on the part of the merchant* of Pittsburgh. What ire want is Pennsylvania, throughout her East, North and We»t, is a closer unity of feeling—a more sincere and uniters*! jealousy for the interests or our State cts a tokolc. Anything bordering on a spirit of sectional mj within the borders of the same State, is not only impolitic but absolutely suicidal in it* tendencies 1 Improved facilities for the cultivation of this mu tual imity of feeling, or State pride, if you please, are daily on the increase; and in the opition of some,very sound men, there U still a very wide field Of usefulness open to the press in this direc tion. : Our merchants in Philadelphia would be vastly the gainers by adopting the plan of their Manhatten neighbors, of spreading advertisement* of tb4ir business every where, through the medium of their widely circulating journals. But lam wandering from my theme. To speak of Pittsburgh in the light of her business capaci ties—the annual acquisitions to her wealth, arising from her extensive manufactories—the immense amount of capital thus invested—the manner in which capital and labor here combine to improve the condition of all classes—the many ri* of employees whose lot is rendered honors bis am* ploasbnt by the fruit* of well-requited toil; on these/point*, severally apd collectively, I love h> enlarge, but as both space and time unite to dissuade me from doing so for the present, I will close with a hearty greeting to both tha reader and the publisher ofThe Psess.” Tbit its shadow may sever grow lees; and that it* Illuminating beam* may find an appreciates destiny, where it may shine brighter and brighter, oven junto the perfect day of newspaper usefulness, is the cordial wish, and X may add the reasonable hope of your friend G&aysxa&d. Bucks County Correspondence, Dotlbstows, July 30,1&57. Con. J. W. Forxxt —Dear Sir: —The great heart of oar gallant Democratic party thrills with an olden joy, in cordially welcoming your return to the chair; and the wishes and prayers of the masses are with you in your new enterprise. Hay your hew “Press” battle for the right, with six your wonted energy, express your life-time senti ment#; impress the popular mind with its useful ness; and repress every factious spirit of disorga nization. Hay Moling has, for the past three weeks, en grossed the time and attention of our agricultural friends, both sexes, and old and young, turning out in the field to lend a helping hand in gather ing in what has been, by far, the heaviest yield of grass'ever known in this county. As specimens of bow tall we can raise grasses, let me mention of those which fell under my observation—that Charles Selser, of Warrington township, ha* timothy, the longest stalks of which measure six feet; and the shortest, five feet and six inches; and this is the average of his entire crop. Samuel Overholt, of Ploxostead, has raised timothy, the stalkp of which measure six feet and one inob; rid Mark Wiener, of Solebnry, has stalk* of timothy measuring six feet and five inches! which take* the premium over all. Gram Harvest. —From every portion of (be county there are the moat encouraging acoounts of an abundant and bountiful harvest. Th 6 fine weather which we have been favored with for tha last two weeks, has been admirable adapted to the cradling and gathering into barn and gamer of the entire crop; and by the end of this week it will all be safely stored away. Oats is coming on finely; some of it is alrf&dy cut 4<>wn, but the most of it will not be ripe for a woclf. The yield will be a very heavy one, both iu the straw as well as the grain. Col. Ifa. B. Albilrger has raised oats on the Democratic soil of Bensalem township, which he has named the ‘‘Packer oats,” and measures full five feet tod ten inches in length; while Samuel Myers, of Pluqistead, has what he calls the Strickland oats!” measuring six feet in length. “ racier ami Victory!” is the glorious watery, whiih is now beginning to break o.ut from the ranls3 of our marshalled thousands, whoi from tSe Delaware to the Lehigh, are now ready to battle oucq more for the Constitution and the Union. The'youngman, just attaining his majority, and the Veteran of three-score-and-ten, are eager for the joining fray, and the one thousand majority whijh we gave last November to Bud and Bred, We ire satisfied will be increased in October. Wiltnot is a dead cock in the pit, so far an the yeomanry of Bucks county are concerned. Bam Burned. —During the heavy storm whioh passted over us a few days since, the Urge barn of Nathan Beidler, in the township of New Britain, and near the village of Lino Lexington, was struck by lightning, and entirely consumed, to gether with thirty-five tons of hay, about two hundred dozen of wheat, sixty bushels of last year’s grain, a now hay-wagon, threshing me-' chino and horse-power. The barn was insured in the White Hall Company for $750, but there vu no insurance upon the contests of it, and the owner will be a heavy loser by the fire. Railroad Accident. —On Monday last, U th* afternoon train of cars on the North Pennsylvania Railroad} were about starting from the North Wales station, a young man from this place, named John H. Morris, was thrown off the platform, and falling upon the stone alongside of the track, was considerably bat not dangerously injured. He has the best of medical care, and is recovering at fast as could be expected. Our 2Wh, which was made the county-seat of Bucks in the year 1813, and which has been'** long and so justly celebrated for its pure water, pure air, and pretty maidens, is beginning to doff its village garments, end to doe the apparel of a miniature city. The completion of the branch of the North Pennsylvania Railroad has already given a new and marked impetus to business. New streets are being opened, new buildings being erected, and everything about us is being tinged with an increased prosperity. By the way, your city friends wilt do well to remember in their sum mer trips, that Brower, the prince of good fel lows, and the courteous host of our principal hotel, has recently been refitting his establishment, and is erer on hand to do the amiable to his guests in his own pleasing way. Yours most sincerely. LETTER FROM READING. (Correspondence of Tbe Press.] Mansion House Hotel, / ReaDIXO, Pa., July 30, 1857. j You have often, no doobt, been in this pleasant inland city, and I need not describe it to yaa. Here arc some 23,000 inhabitants, with fine,large churches, excellent public schools, a daily paper, recently commenced, three English and two Ger man weekly papers. The manufacture Of iron i* carried on to a largo extent by means of anthra cite furnaces, rolling mills, tube mills, and foundries. Tko principal shops of the Philadelphia and Heading Railroad Company'are here, and give employment to nearly a thousand hands. Situated on the gentle slope of a range of hills, the place is remarkably healthy, and the water excellent. It is collected from the mountain springs, and conveyed through alt parts of the city by pipes, and is unusually pure. As yet, I hear little said about parties. The weather is too warm, and many of the leading citizens have been off to the sea-ehore Some of yoqr citizens seek the country, and certainly would have to go far to find a more agreeable place, or a more thoroughly elegant and comforta ble hotel. Mr. Barton has recently enlarged and re-furnished his house, and the place has only to be known to be appreciated. It is, besides, within a pleasant drive of the Ephrata Springs, whose fame attracts many visitors. The crop of wheat and rye through the country, I hear, is very large, and it has been scoured in excellent condition. Oats are also good, and the corn is promising. Old Berks, as her majorities show, is quite a State in herself, and she has reason to be proud ot her honest citizens and her beautiful capital- X know of no more pleasant place to spend a few weeks in the hot weather. The first number of Thr Press is looked for here with much interest. Such a paper as we sup pose it will be, has long been wanted in Phila delphia. ' Bum. Tin Persian correspondent of the Bombay Ttvuts makes a carious report to that paper. He states that the Sh&w has made a requisition npoa General Outram for a column of troops to enforce the evacuation of Herat, which is held bv hie nephew, who, disapproving the terms of peace, re fuse to withdraw from the place. The Boesbojr ISmesdoos not discredit the news, but Is unable t* vouch for its accuracy. By the last accounts received fVom Sehasta pol, the rebuilding of that devoted city waa going on with great activity, and it was gradually ruing from fts ruins. The Governor of Sebaetancd, Admiral Bartcnieff, is indefatigable in his eaueh vers to restore everything to its formeritate; and when the balance of the fleet is raised, or the har bor cleared of such part of it as is not worth rais ing, there will bo no traces of the haroe of war re maining- bat the. rans of the l&agflnieent docks* which it will require jtm of labor to nboilj v\ vi Lahaska.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers