i'Mim \ !«:c London paper. C
OiIGIV OF THK* , PRESENT t WAR, c
As stated by Mr. Etfkine. .. „
The most faithful ancl just cccourit of the origin of T
the present disastrous war, was given by the eloquent J
Mr* Erlkine, in his defence of Mr. Home Tooke, t
It has been reported by Mr-, Gurney, with a si- e
delity that does credit to bis talent* in bis proses- t
fion as a fhorr-hand writer. We it as a
proof of the perfection to which he carries his ]
art of following a most animated speaker •; as t
well as to impress on the mind* of our readers r
the true priaciple* of the war. t
Gentlemen, (
" IT happened that when France threw off the
galling ytfke of arbitrary monarchy, which had ,
been attended with such infinite evil* to herfelf, and. »
which had produced so many calamities to Oreat (
Britain, a very general exultation peryaded this ,
country : an 3 surely it was a natural theme rtf ex-, ,
ulration to the of a country which had (
given light and freedom for ages to the world, to ,
-fee so large a portion of ti>e human race suddenly .
emancipated from a.boadage not only ignominious ;
to Trance, but dangerotnto this iHand.
" They recollected the desolating wars which' .
her ambition had lighted up, and tbe expensive bur- ,
then* which our remittance to them had entailed up- |
■on us ; they felt also, in the terrible difaftcrs of
France, a just pride in the wisdom of our forefa
» thers, and a wholefomelefTon to the present age
and posterity not to degenerate from their example.
They saw Frange falling a victim to the. continua
tion and multiplication of those abates in govern
ment, which our wife progenitor* had perpetually
mitigated, by temperate and salutary reformations ;
and they saw therefore nothing to fear from the
contagiof? of her disorders : her arbitrary ftatc, her
"faperftitiou* church, had undergone no alterations;
and for want of those repairs which the edifices of
civil life require equally with material ftruftures,
they erumbled suddenly into dull ■{ whereas, by
the fortunate coincidence of accideat, as much as
by the exertions of wisdom and virtue, wr condi
tion had been (lowly and progressively meliorated ;
and our religion purified and reformed ; the condi»
tion erf" civil life had changed and bettered under
their influence, and the country had ftartcd up even
amidst revolution, with super ior fecutity and iHuf
t ration.
" Gentlemen, these refieftioas were not merely
the silent, but the avowed eicprcfltons of some of
the firft perfontin England, on the firft bnril of
the French revolution , and I verily believe, the
fame fenfarion* diffufed themfelvc* widely through
oat the kingdom.
" Very ■afartnnately, gentlemen, for France,
for England, for Europe, and for humanity, this
fenfarion, the natural rcfalt of freedom and iade
peedencc, wa* not univcrfally felt; -very unfortu
nately the powers of Europe would not yield to an
independent nation the common right of judging
for itfelf in it* own concern*, nor in prudence leave
it to the good and evil of it* own government. All
Europe combined against Frauee, and levied war
•gainst her infant constitution. The despots of the
«arth, with whom the king of Oreat Britain had
mm common intercft, trembling for their own rot-,
ten invitations, and looking to "th» wrong* andfaf
fcting* of tbeir fubjefts, drew the fwerd (as wa*
natural for despotism to draw it ) to dispute the
■righft of « people to change their ancient inftftu
tion*. This very combination, aiEmilated with the
patriotifmof France, the public spirit of England ;
lince our ownievolution was lupportedupon no o
ther fonndation than the principle which- wa* not
only denied, but was by Wolericeto be exterminat
ed i and many perfont, therefore, notoriously at
tached to the Britilh government, expressed their
reprobation of this casrfpiracy against the freedom
of the world.
■** This honest and harmlef* enthusiasm however,
met with a -very sodden, and in its consequences an
unfortunate <checki A gentleman, of the firft ta.
lints for writing ro the world, composed a book,
I am bound to believe with aa honorable mind, but
a book which produced a mote univerfol, and more
mischievous effect than any which perhaps out own
or any other times have produced.
** When Mr. Burke's book tpon the French
revolution wa* firft published, at which period our
government had taken no active part against it, no
man afiirailatcd the changes of France to tbc con
dition of ourcountry ; no man talked of, or figur
ed in ha's imagination, a revolution in England, which
had already had her revolution, and bad obtained
the freedom which France was then fhmggiiag to
obtain. Old-it follow, bccavife men rejuiecd that
France bad aflerted her liberty, that they thought
liberty could exist in tro other form than that which
France had chofcn ? Did it follow bccaufe men liv
ing under the government of this free country, con
demned and reprobated the dangerous precedent of
fuffering the liberty of any nation to be overborne
by foreign force 5 did it follow from thentre, that
they were resolved to change for the accidental and
untried condition of France, the ancient arid tried
couftitution of our own country ? I feel within my
felf that I can rejoice, a* 1 do rejoice, in the liber
ty of France, without meaning to surrender my
own, which, though protested by other forms, and
growing out of far mure fortunate conjunctures,
stands upon the fame basis, of the right of a peo
ple to change their government and be free. Can:
any man in England deny this? Yes, gentlemen,
Mr. Burke has denied it ; and that denial was the
origin of Mr. Paine's book. Mr. Burke denied
positively, and in terms, that France had any right
to change her own government, and even took up
theeudgcls for all the despots of Europe, who, at
the very time, were levying a barbarous, scandalous
and oppressive war, to maintain the fame propor
tion by the sword. _
" Thi* work blought forward again, after a long
silence, Mr. Thomas Paine, who was indeed a re
publican beyond all question, but who had become
so in consequence of the fame coiiupt and fcaodal
ous attempt to beat down by force the liberties of a
nation ; he bccame a republican in consequence of
ihe similar and lameotable contest between Great
Britain and America ; and it is rather a curious cir
cumffanee, that this very Mi. Burke, who con lid
ers Mr. Paiue as a man not to be rcaloned vyjih,» .buL
only to be anfwcred by criminal jufttce, ajid wnf>
condemns at a tra:itor every man who attempts t°-
nam'e him, himfelf exprt-fied his approbation ot thr
very fame do&rines publillied by Mr. Paine, when
Mr. Burke himfelf was pleading the cause of a na
tion determined to be free ; not the cause of a for
eign nation which had always been independent, bu{,
the cause of colonial America, in open war and re.
bellion against the crown and parliament of Great
Britain. Mr. Paine, during the fame crisis, wrote
his book called Common Sense, addressed to the A
meiicans in arms against England, exciting her to
throw off the yoke of the mother country, and to
declare her-independence.
" Gentlemen, from having defended Mr. Paine,
upoh his trial for writing hislatter work, which Mr.
Tooke is aocufed of having approved, I am, of
course, intimately acquainted with its contents k and
with those of his former writings s and I rake upqn
me ts fay, that every ofTenfive topic against moujfj.j
chy, and all the principles of the rights of mao,
now regarded wijh such horror, are fobftahtially,
and in many instances almost verbatim, to be found;
in the fotmer publication.
" When Mr. Paine wrote bis Common Seme, j
a&s of parliament had declared America to be in a
state ot rebellion, and England was exerting every:
nerve to subdue her $ yet, at that moment, Mr,
Burke, not in his place in parliament, where his
words are not to "be queflionetl* but in a pamphlet
publicly circulated, speaks of his book Common
Seafe, by name ; notices the powerful tflfeft it had
upon the mind of America, in bringing them up to
emancipation ; and acknowledges that if the facts
aflumed by the author were true, hii reafonlags
were unanswerable. _ -
" In the fame pamphlet, several psrti of wliioh
I have Hated to the former jury, he declired. that
ho felt every victory obtained by the king's arms a
gainst America, as a blow upon hit heart; he de
claimed all triumph in the flaughtet and captivity
of names which had been familiar to him from his ;
1 infancy ; and, with all the fplindor of hit elo
quence, expressed his horror that they had fallen
under the hands of strangers, whose barbarous ap
pellations he fcarcdy knew how to pronounce'.
" Gentlemen, I am not censuring Mr. Burki
1 for these things ; so far from it, that they fanftify
his chara&er with me, and even prevent me from
approaching him but with refpeft. But let us, at
' lead, have equal justice. Whil&tbefe writings con
-1 tinue the object of admiration, and their author is
held forth as the champion of our eonftitution, led
; not Mr, Tooke (land a prifonerjat the bar of the
Old Bailey, for having, in time of profound peace
with France, and when every speech from the Brit
' ifh throne breathed nothing but its continuance, ex
-5 pressed only the fame detestation of the exertions
of foreign despotism against freedom, which the
other did not scruple, in a similar cause, and irV
1 time of open war, to extend to the exertions of his
' country.
■ "« To expose further the extreme absurdity of
' this accusation, if it fce pofiible further to expose
r it, let me suppose that we are again at peace with
c 'France, whilfl the cither natiens Who are now oer
. allies, should continue to prosecute the war : would
"> it then he criminal to congratulate France upon
" lier fucccffes against them ? When that time arrives,
1 might I not boneftly wilh the triumph of the French
e arm* ? and might I not lawfully express that wifhf
" 3 know certainly that 1 might, and I know alfa
c that 1 would. 1 observe that (his sentiment seems
*' a bold one ! but who i* prepared to tell me I (halt
not 1 ? I will alTert the freedom of «n Englishman ;
1 I will maintain the dignity of man ; I will vindicate
the glory in the principles which raised this country
to her pre-eminence amongst the nations of the
r earth ; and as (lie (hone the bright star of the morn
-1 ing, to ftied the light of liberty upon nation* which
now enjoy it, so may she continue in her Tadiant
' fp'here, to revive the ancient privileges of the
1 world, which haw been loft, and ftJl tabrkg them
• forward to tongues and people who bave never yet
• known them in the my fterious progrefiion Of things.
JIM— j ~ ,
a ■
, [RepuWia»edby«^ueft.]
„ From the Aurora tf May 19.
; sir,
I have lately been favored with the perntal «f a
■. bill which has patticd the House of RepFcfentatrves
h and is now before the Senate, entitledan aft to
d ascertain and fix the military eftablilfanent of the
B United States," and also of certain amendment*'
• which haw been propofedta it m the Senate.
• This bill contemplates a reduction of out pre-'
» sent eftablilhment to one brigade of about three
■- thaufand wren, and to be so organized a* to form a
i- complete military eftabliftrment, against which, if it
'« be not too small, there does not appear a tingle well
e founded objection—it is in fad the only well digeft
t cd plan which has exi(led in the United States
A since the year 1787. The proposed amendments
J are calculated to destroy that regularity and order
which die bill would neceffariiy introduce, and if
- adopted, will inevitably perpetuate that confufiou
y and disorder which has existed in the legion of the
:i United States ever fmee its formation. On those
' w ho think that 3000 men are too large a command
- for a Brigadier General; that Brigades are not ne
n ceflary in the formation of a Major General's com
, tnand ; or that the present commander of the Le
e gion, is the only man in the United States who is fit
J to command an army, the foregoing obfer vat ions
t can have no effect : I will therefore, fir, for the in
p formation of such in in particular, and of my roun>
t trymen in generaLfubmit the following fefts, and
s I pledge myfelf thai whenever the character ia quef
• tion thall come forward aad request an investigation
of his conduit upon fair and honorable ground, I
J will then resume a visible existence, and in my own
- proper person and character maintain arid fuppott
• them, viz.
That vcty heavy charge* have long.fine* been
J submitted to the War Minister against the present
f commander of our army, and an inquiry into hi*
t conduct solicited in the molt pointed, mauly and of
■ fleer like manner.
n.at tbefe charges were fubmi ted by a man of
tmcquivoejil. integrity a»d honor, a warm *" c z:a "
bus friend and supporter of the Ccinftinmon and
. lovemment of the United States an officer and a
gentleman.
That, the official communications of the comman
ding General relative to his march from Greenville
Into, the Indian country, and of the action o. the
2.oth of Augnft, 1704, are replete with falfchoods.
! , That,his condua in the western army has been in
inflanees.partial, oppressive, ungentlemaiuike
and diretily contrary to law.
That he has never introduced the jufl principles
of discipline and subordination in the army
1 .or permitted themio reside there.
That his orders previoafly to leaving the army in
Dec. last are a proof of tbe last assertion, and will
, remain a lifting monument to posterity ot-his entire
ignoraace of all the great principles of his profef
| fion, irvd in a word,
h , That whfnerer a Ari& fcrutirry fliall be made m
to bis condu£l, it 'will appear that his boasted foc
, cesses in .the weftcrn country about which there has
, been so much noise and gafeonade, are mote the re
sult ps accident than of pre-concerted measures ;
thjt he has wafted the public property, trampled
, i on thei laws and violated evsry principle of justice,
1 of hamanity and of common honesty.
■ i (iave no doubt but attempts will be made to
vindicate the General again ft these accusations
; without inquiring inrothe truth of them 4 but I
cannotrbelieve that * ministerial exertions will again
1 be made to exculpate him, nor will 1 undertake ta
| determine whether he will adopt hi* old plan of im
-1 prjfoning those who dare to thiak and to speak jttft
-1 ly ps him, or his more recent fchemeof bartering
t tjte forfeited lives of traitor* and villains for secret
information. It i* enough for me to fay, that tho'
, I neither fear his malice nor dread his power, yet
: 1 (hall remain t »;e sole keeper of my own secret un
. til by embracing the above offer he will give me
. an opportunity of proving to the world What I now
declare to be
THE TRUTH.
* See an artfwer to the piece commonly called
1 Stubborn Fa&s, published 1794.
* # * The remarks oathe foregoing To morrow"
W -'i" - i .
Philadelphia,
J. ■„ TUESDAY EVENING, June 14, 1798.
i IX STOCKS.
s Six per Cent. - - ... tjfy
t Three per Cent. .... . 10/7 to 8
; Deferred Six per Cent. ... - isfy to 8
I .5* per Cent. - - - 16.8
per Cent. - 14/S
" BANK TJnit«d States, - - . 37 pr. cent.
• Pennsylvania, ... - ij
s —— North \meriea, - - - ■» 48 to 5©
e Insurance Gorop. North-America, 15 1-2
—■ ■ -Pennfylvauia, II
" Exchange, at*o days, ... 16 5 to 166 2*3
By as Artiil resident at Mr. Oellers's Hotel,
• e f MINI ATURE LIKENESSES
h \RE tjken and executed in that elegant and delicate
xY stile, wliieh is so neceSaryto render a Miniature PlO
- ure an,interefting jewel.
" He will warrant a strong and indifpntable refem
n and he takesfhe liberty to lay before lie public
s } <f this place his raoft carneft intention to deserve (heir pa
ffonage by his beftendeavors to please.
I N. B. Specimens are to kefeen.
May 11, $
.3 [The following articles were yefttrday omitted
j] ia this Gazette, for want of room.]
; Foreign Intelligence.
e
y CADIZ, afjth Ventofe, April 7.
,e Three milliards offalfeaffignats which the Eng
1. lifti wanted to pass into France, have been flopped
h at the Cifftoin-Houtc of Cadis. Tho Governor
it has, in every refpȣt, completely fecanded the
e wishes of the Republicans. He has manifefted an
n intention of punifhingthe trilh houfea which di
rt WOed tbe movement on board tlie French fleet.
Citiaen Dumanoir, commander of a vessel, ac
j «ordi«g to letters of the 27th Ventofe, has gone to
Madrid for the purpose of raak-'tig in conjunction
■»fth oor ambassador, complaints to the court of
'im on the conduA of the lrifh.
PROCLAMATIONS.
iICHERY Commander in Chief of thcNaval foe
«eal of the French Republic in the Bay of Cadiz.
The mutinies which appear daily on board of
different veffcls of; the fleet, and the outrages of
* :hefew, andpontempt gath to remain faith-
W ought not to romain unponifted. it is
time at les-ft to prpve to the instigators, and to tbe
Jcbief of the rebels, that the days of pardoning are
passed, and that t wrfe of national vengeance ate ar
« rived. •, . [■/ *
a A grand meafurei* taken. The French Repub
it lie though in a foreign country shall cause its laws
II to be refpefted. The Spanish Government is iq
[- terefted in tbe maintenance of good order and Tu
ts bordination.
:s In confequeoce orders are given to each captain
rr on the police to be observed on board the vessels of
if his di.ifien ; and in the name of the law all good
n citizens are commanded to obey his orders, and
,e not to involve themselves in the inevitable misfor
e tunes which must rcfult from their difofeediencc.
d (Signed.) " -
RICHERY, Commander,
i- And sealed with tbe seal of the Republic.
11 . . lyh ytnlofe, March O.
>s In consequence of the information which hasbeen
- given me of tbe complete revolt of the frigate Fri
-- ponne, I bereby, in the name of the law, declare
i tp the whole republic and allgood citizens that the
j P ° nß< "10 * &UC o{ revol{ again ft
I Therefore all the individuals who compose that
n crew, are, from this moment fproclaimed rebels
t Th. captain and etat major of the said fn Ea te are
commanded to give no farther orders to the crew
n and to consider them no longer as Freneh Republi!
it cans. But the wretches tremble, and the national
r S at", m'i k W l !_ y ' P uaio,cl the criminal, i» rea
r- dy to tall on their heads.
(Sign*.) RICHER*.
M•W • "
From the. account which citizen Bourreao.com
' mander of the frigate Piiponne, has rendered to n»»
i 0 f the return to order ofthe crew of the said frigate
! who were declared rebels te the law of the Repnb-
I lie, by a Proclamation ofyefterday at three o'clock
in the evening. It is ordered that citizen Bour
reau, lieutenant of.tke fleet, Rial] resume the com.
maud of the Friponne, afferoble immediately his
crew on the quarter deck, aad innouncpito them j.--
! that they (hall no longer confidtred at rebels, if
the principal chiefs and inftigatorsof trie mutiny ait
instantly arrested, put intoa boat conduced on "
shore, to be guarded in a place of security until they
(hall be sent to France to be. tried.
All tVic crew ofthe Fripomie are li t\d refponfi.
ble for any obltroftion which may be gwen-'to the
measure, which can alone fctve them front the rigor'.*
of the laws.
(•Signed.) RICHERY.
LONDONTApriI 18.
Mr.Greygave notice, that as the paper«*>}»cl» '.><•
he lately moved for were before the house, he fnauld
on Thorfday fen'night move forae refolutiont, the
tendency of whichwould.be, if .the house (bould t
gree to them, a direst inculpation, and afterwards in
IMPEAGHMCNT AGAINST HIS MAJES.
TVs MINISTERS for an illegal misapplication
of the public fROQcy.
(London Oracle.)
THE TWO LAST LOANS.
The conduct of the tniaifter has been called in
qiieftion in a very harlh, and, we think, rather
unfair manner, with refpeA to the loan of eighteen
millions, and the King's tneflage to the Parliament
which followed it. Men who frequent Clubi in
St. James's street, and the Turf at New market,
may very naturally conlider such conduit a* im
prudent, and that of a dupe, and looking upon
the minister as the Groom who manages the Na
tional Racer, si ay confidet him cither as a knave,
or as a fool.
It has in fa& teen plainly -a'flerted, that Mr.
Pitt (hould have brought down the message, and
then made the loan.—This would have been ob
taining a better bargain for tjie Nation.—lt is ft
matter of fur prize, that men who are patrou by '■
profeffion, and pretend to fume political knowledge •„
aad to have tome value for national dignity, (hould
advise a minifler to become a swindler, or blame
him beeaufe He is not a black leg. lu the eye of
national -pride and bonor, and of morality, fuel*
reproach* s excite wander—but let tw fee what in
terest fays toi:,<
Had Mr. Pitt once {hew* kitnfelf capable of v
railing the funds to obtain a good bargain, every
ftunre loan would have been made with a reserve in
the mind of the lender for the knavery bf the bor
rower; A* tt is, the lender knows that foe has no
thing to apprehend from that cause, and therefore
deals honorably, and is contented with a reasonable
price, well knowing that whatever changes in ge
neral are for him or against him, he may .rely on
the honor of the minister.
The present lean of seven millions and an half,
is already an example of this effed ; for the term#
are the most- advantageous ever obtained. Some
even of the opposition papers fay, that the loan is a
burthen to the lenders, and ought to bear a dis
count. Bur it is not -on loans only that the bait
faith of a minister would have had an effect j for
bad Messrs. Boyd and Ben field beenitsined* or they
had been injured -in rhett fortune by such a manoeu
vre, both disgrace and lefts would have resulted to .
this country, and infamy would hare been the por
tion of that minister who dared to swindle an indi
vidual in the name of the King and Parliament of
England.
HAGUE, April 12.
One of the -molt important debates, that lately
engaged our national convention, was that on the
liberty of the press, which was oecalioned by the
complaints of the Common Council and of tEe
committee of Superintendence of Amsterdam a-,
gainlt a weekly publication called " The advocate
of National Liberty," and pubii(hed by the repre
sentative Valkenaar. But citizen Weede declared
the liberty of the press, the chief support of lir
bcrty, and defended it in so able and forcible at
manner, that the Convention resolved, that the ad
dress of the Common Council and committee o£
Amsterdam was no objedV for deliberation.
The provisional representatives of Zealand have*
by proclamation, offered a bounty of no guilders
: to all (kilful sailors, who voluntarily enlist before the
■ 14th iitft. and 90 guilders to every able bodied
. young man above 14 yeats old.
1 The efforts for con-pletely manning the grand
: fleet, go on without interruption. Several focie
: ties have agreed together, to promote, by every
. means in their power, the'recruiting the naval
forces, and money if . collected in Amsterdam foe
. encreafing the bounties to the tailors. The grand
1 fleet composed of 23 (hips of the line and 18 fri
. gates, will foe ready for sea before the end of thi®
month. The Dutch have never feared the Englifti
on equal ground ; and next summer will (hew,
whether the modern Batavians possess yet the spirit
: of Tramp and Ruyter.
One of the members of the marint committee
has been charged to expedite the letters of marqne
against England.
' «
BY THIS DAY'S MAIL.
NEW-YORK, Juoe"i 3 .
1 The Charges against Admiral Cornwall** have
been already before the public. The fenterice
: of the Court Martial was given in a late Gazette
of the United States, being a partial acquittal,
t The following is a more accurate outline of hfe
" " Defence" than has yet been puhlifhed, In it,
the charges are met and answered ; and the aft
si (lance the admiral found in Kis ingenious and >
learned counsel, Mr. Er(kine, is pretty clearly
> evidenced.
THE DEFENCE.
1 The evidence for the being closed,
■ admiral Corawallis was called upon for his defence.
The admiral said, that being indisposed iviih a
wcakoeft in hit fyet, be (hould request the