From the Columbian Centinel.
IMPROMPTU,
XJfon a Rjr* man's faying his Toivnjmen wire fold,
that Jay had fold them to Great-Britain.
HAD the Rye folks by Jay,.to Gfeat-Britainbten fold,
As ther bv a Great man were told,
Great-Britain, not Rye, wis ill treated—
For if aught has been paid,
By the maxims of trade,
Great-Britain is curfedlv cheated.
SHORT 808.
I
* Rye is a small tezun of New-Hampshire, of a butt
as much importance in that State, as Dracut is in Maf
faehufetts. The map is reckoned -very accurate that
has a dot for either.
FROM THE ARGUS.
TF.E DEFENCE-No. XXIII.
THE preceding articles haying adjusted those
controversies which threatened an open rupture be
tween the two countries, it rem lined to form such
difpolitions relative to the intercourse, commerce,
and navigation, of the parties, as should appear most
likely to prefers peace, and promote their mutual
advantage.
Those who have considered with attention tke
'intcrefts of commerce, will agree in the opinion
that its utility, as 'well as general prosperity, would
be most effectually advanced by a total abolition of
the restraints and regulations with which the jea
: loufies and rival policy of nations have embarrassed
it. But though wc are not chargeable with having
contributed to the efteblilhment of these errors,
so discouraging to the industry and perplexing in
ihe intercourse of nations, wc found them so deep
ly rooted and so extensively prevalent, that our voice
and opinions would have been little regarded, had
'we exprefTcd a desire of a system, more liberal and
advauug«u"a t<> ali.
The rights of commerce among njtionj between
whom exist no treaties ate imperfect.
" The law of nature, fays Vattel, (b. t, f. 89)
jives to noperfon whatever, the le#ft kind of right
to fell what belongs to him, to another who docs
not wanl to buy it ; nor has any nation that of fell
ing its commodities or merchandize to a people
who are unwilling to have them. Every man and
every nation being perfectly at liberty to buy a
thing that is to be fold, or not to buy it, and to
buy it of on* rather than of another."—" Every
ftatn has «onftantly (continues the fame author)
a right to prohibit the entrance of foreign mer
chandize, and the people who are interested in this
' prohibition have no right to complain of it."
States by convention may turn these imperfedt into
perfect rights, and thus a nation not having natu
rally a perfect right to carry on commerce with
another, may acquire it by treaty. A limple per
mission to trade with a nation, gives no perfect
right to that trad* ; it may be carried on so long
as permitted, but the nation granting such permif
Con, i» under no obligation to continue ir. A per
t feet right in one nation to /carry on commerce and
tiade with another nation, can alone be procured
by treaty.
From the precarious nature of trade between na
tions, as well as from the desire of obtaining special
advantages and preferences in carrying it on, ori
ginated the earlielt conventions on the subject of
commerce. The firft commercial treaty that placed
(he parties on a more secure and better footing in
their dealings with each other than exifled in their
refpedlivf intercourse with other nations, inspired
others with a desire to eftablilh by similar treaties
an equally advantageous arrangement; Thus one
treaty was followed by anpther, until, as was the
cafe when the United States became an independent
power, all nations had Wittred into extensive and
camplicnted stipulations concerning their naviga
tion, mannfa£tutes and commerce.
This being the aiftual condition of the commer
cial world, when we arrived at our Ration in it, the
like indufCjnent* to render certain that which by
the law of nations was precarious, and to partici
pate in the advantages feenred by national agiie
, nsents, prompted our government to propose to all
a«d to conclude with several of the European na
tion*, treaties of commerce.
Immediately after the concltifion of the war,
Congress appointed Mr. Adams, Duttor Franklin,
and Mr.. Jeffition. joint comuiiflio«ers, to propose
and conclude commercial treaties with the different
nations of Europe. This commission was opened
at Pari), ani overtures were made to the different
powers (including Great Britain) through their
ministers refiditig at Paris. »>The bafiis of these nu
merous treaties, which Congress were defirons to
form, was that the partiss fhonld refpeftivcly enjoy
; the rights of the moil favored nations. Various
' infWcrs were given by tine foreign minister* in be-
I half of their fever*! nations. But the treaty with
it Pniffia was the only one concluded, of the very
i great number propofvd by the American commil-
I Goners. Mr. Adams in 1785, was removed to
London, Doc. Franklin (ton after returned to A
merica, and Mr. Jefferfon succeeded him as miriif
ter at Paris. Tims failed the project of forming
comme; cial treaties with 'almost every pewer in Eu
rope. Treaties with Ruflu, Denmark, Great
Britain, Spain/and Portugal, woould have been of
'importance, but the scheme of extending treaties
< f commerce to all the minor powers of Europe,
jtnt omitting-his holiness the Pope, was, it must be
Acknowledged, somewhat chimerical, and could
not fail to have cart an air of ridicule on the com
miflious that with great fulemnity were opened at
' Paris. •
The imbecility of our national government, un
der the articles of confederation, was underftnod
abroad as well as at home, and the opinionsof char
ratters 111 England most inclined to favor an extefe
five commercial connexion between the t'wo coun
tries, were underltood to have been opposed to the,
foimation of a commercial treaty with us; since
from the defects of our articles of Union, we were
fuppoied to be deflitute of the power requilitc to
enforce the execution oi the stipulations that such
a treaty wight contain.
We in«!t all remember the various and ill digest
ed law 9 for the regulation of commerce, which
✓ 9 v
were adopted bjrthe ,several dates at fubflitute* for <
those commercial treaties, in' the conclusion of n
which oar commissioners had been disappointed
the cmbarraflmenti which proceeded from this
fonrce, joined to those felt from the derangement of
the national treasury, were the immediate eanL
which affcmbled the convention at-Philadelphia in
1787. The result of this Convention was the a
doption of tbe present Federal Constitution, the
legislative and executive departments of which eaeh j,
poffofs a power to regulate foreign commerce ; the i,
former by etiafting laws for that parpofe, the fat
ter by forming, commercial treaties with foreign na- tj
tions.
The opinion heretofore.entertained by our go ,
vernment, refpeiting the utility of commercial trea- tj
ties, is not equivocal }_aad it is proD-vbb that, they .
will in future deem it expedient toadjuil their to
reign trade by treaty, in preference to legislative a
provisions, as far it shall be found pra&ieable, on '
terms of reasonable advantage. In the farm*tion ~
of the regulations that are legislative, being exparte, 0
the intereit of those who eftabliflied them is leer, in v
its strongest light, while that of the other lide is
rarely allowed its juli weight. Pride and paflion
too frequently add their influence to carry thefc „
regulations beyond the limits of moderation : R:- 0
ftraints and exclusions on one fide, beget reitrainu 0
and exclusions on the ether, and these retaliatery t;
laws lead to, and often tsrminate in open war :
While on the other had, by adjusting the comnrer- ti
cial intercourse of nations by treaty, the pretenfens t )
of the paities are candidly examined, and the rcfult Cl
of the discussion, it is fair to presume, as welt from e ;
tlie experienee of individuals in private affairi, as a
from that of nations in their more important and
complicated relations, eftablilhcs those regulations „
which are belt suited to the intereltsof the parties, p
and which alone afford that liability and confidence t i
so effentia! to the fuceefsof commercial enterprise- v
That our present government, thought„
-romniereia. Treaty f,
advantageous is evident, not alone from the fpeckl r
and diflindt Gommilfion given to Mr. Jay to forn n
one; but likewise fiom the letter of Mr. Jeffeifoii
to Mr. Hammond of the 29th Nov. 1791, whicl?
was th« firlt letter to that minilter after his arrival-,
in which the executive fays, " with refpeit to the
commerce of the two Countries we have supposed j
that we saw in several inflarces, regulations 011 ihe
part of your Government, which if reciprocally a
dopted would materially injure the iuterefts of
hotb Nations : on this lubjedt too, I mutt beg the <-
favour of you, to fay, whether you are authnvifed r
to conclinle or to negociale arrangements with 11s;
which n>ay Sx the commerce between the two
Countries on principles of reciprocal advantage,"
Further, from the Grit session of Congress, to J.
that during which Mr. Jay's appointment took
plaee, effoits mere made to dikuminate in »>ur re- '
venue and commercial Laws, between those nations
with whom we hail, and those with whom toe hat!
not, commercial Treaties—The avowed objedt
which dilerimiiiation was to place Vie latter nati
ons on a less advantageous commercial footing than
the former, io order to induce them likcwifttei
commercial treaties with tis, and it cannot be .
forgotten by them, who affeA to fuppofc that it '
was not expected that a treaty of commercc wxiuld ■
be formed by Mr. Jay, tli»t M*r- Mean's "
mercial resolutions, which were under confijeration
at the time of Mr. J ay's appointment, grew out of
and were built upon a clause of Mr jeffcrfon's re
port of the 26th December 1793, which aft'erts 1
that Great Britain discovered no disposition to en
ter into a commercial Tieaty with us. The report
alluded to is explicit'in declaring a preference of '
friendly arrangements, by Treaties of co.r.merce, '
to regulations by the acts of our Legislature, and
authorizes the inference, under which the commer
cial resolutions vyere brought forward, that the
latter fliotild he refotted to, only when the former
cannot be effedted.
The power of the executive to form commercial
treaties, and the objection against the cpmmeicial
articles before us as an unionllitr.tional interference
with the legislative powers of Congress will in the
sequel he defliuSly examined, together with other
objections on the point of constitutionality.
Against the policy of regulating rommetse by;
treaty rather than by a£t« of the Legislature, it is
said that the Legiflativea£ts ean, but that 4treat),
cannot, be repealed. Th* remark is U\ts, imd of
weight against ttvTformation of commercial treaties
which are to be of lonji duration, or like our com
mercial treaty with France, which is permanent.
For, as we are yearly advancing in agriculture,
manufactories, commerce, navigation, and Itrength,
our treaties of commerce, especially such as by par
ticular stipulations, shall give to the parties other
rinhts than those of the most favoured nation,ought
tcf be of short duration, that like temporary laws,
they may at an early day expire by their own limi
tation, leaving the intcrefts of the parties to a tew
adjustment, founded on equity and nutual couven
icnee>
Of this description are the commercial articles
of the treaty with Great-Britain ; for none of them
■can continue in force more than twelve years, and
they may all expire if either party ihall chufe it, at
the end of two years after the peace between France
and Great Britain.
Did the limits assigned to this defence, admit a
review of the commercial and njaritime codes of tbe
principal European natinns, we should difcoverone
prevailing feature ta characterize them all •, we
should fee the general er common intereit of na
tions, every where, placed in a subordinate rank,
and their feparaie advantage adopted as the end to
be attained by their refpeAive laws—Hence one
nation has ena£tcd laws to protest their manufac
tures, another to encourage and extend their nsvi
gatjon, a third to monopolize some important
branch of trade, and all have contributed to the
cteation of that complicated system of regulations
and reftriints, which we fee established throughout
the commercial woild.
One branch a principal one of tins system,
that which eftabliftes the c.mnerfion between the
several European nations and their colonies, merits
our particular attention. An exafft knowledge of
this connexion would alTiit lis in forming a jult e«i
mate of "the difficult ies that ftani in opposition tc
our claim of free and full participation in the colo
ny trade of Gt^st-Britain.
CAMILLUS.
[Tt It cer.cluJtd to-rncrriiu.~\
' ' — ■ ■ r Ci
GENEVESE REPUBLIC, Aug. i.
Btffeminaled Jaeebinifm. ft
Our unfortunate town Vias always been agitated
by ilit «ffe£hofthc different (hocki which France >
h<i« experieuced. Pillage and murder has been the s '
orßei of the Jay here, whenever blood was running ®
through the Greets of Paris; and we ewe our ruin
to the •tyTi urv and audacity with which our ter
ror ift s Lav*followed the diforganiieing system, which p
I>T TT^ftTj.. w **"-f t<» the brink of.ruin. t!
A «it! :. p, *:,<>'J-.-dViHcd one ofthoftrwliothirS- o
■ed jfu-r Suablood, had the good fortune to tfeape, e;
and wa3 hanged ia effigy. Wliilll the people were
to Flainpalais to fee th : s mock execution, l '
i'even young men were conveyed through the gate j
of Rue, having been convicted of the crime of ha- \
viitg worn green neckcloths (which one of them had %
received as a prrfent from Lyons) without any evil
delicti, and which they had left off as fuon as they a<
v. cte informed thi't they were eunlidered as a badge ei
of party. .Our government had palled a fentenee c '
of banithment against them, and they would ccr- j?
tainly have been maffaercd had not they escaped in t j
time. It is true that the general opinion begins
to declare itfelf decidedly againll theterroriHs; but
the Government, composed of either weak, ineffi
cient, or corrupt men, do not fccure the peaceable
citiien* againlltheir attempts.. The emigration of
alrooft all the opulent families, the expencea-of the r
government whin i annually exceed the public reve
niit; by sco florins (of our money) complete the f
picture ot-uur present misery. The afpeit of the f
to.vii is aSictkig;; the public walks are deserted ; .is
whole streets are ur inhabited. The number ofj- d
migrants amount to near 6qoo js to fay the l!
fi)»rth ptrtofifee iwiwlyiiwi ■> w
Burgheis, where & many .iffctfjoafiona were com- *
mitted 1«R )"« r .i» frequented by none of the repu- f,
lifeS (i'b.rns, net even l>y the Revolutions. m
-Willi—WW—l
BOSTON, November 4.
A TO/ST, ii/orthy Aaericans, gvu.-tr a feio days
fines, at an entertainment, after a military pa
rude, at Ipfwitb.
" Diafnefs to the ear that would patiently hear,
dumbntfs to the tongue that would uiter a calum
ny a*anft'the immortal WASHINGTON."
. P
From Philadelphia.
Mr. Randolph's exculpation will eornircnce in a
pamphet, which is now in the press, and will spec-
dily bepnhlithed. You will fee iu thep,' pert a moil ,
gross and infamous publication refpe&ing the de-
ucucnimt of the affair. It is a (heer Jacobin fcfcri
catlon — tf.fc Prtfidt'nt has observed towards Mr.
it. 'sC'fittlnrH* tficat'y*: Bnt as the Father of his '
count';-)-, \k nut ft be'faitflful as well as kind. j
tl
,i !SE\V-YOAK.-Na«niiiet 10. —> *
Under th; t*r»«ny of Rpbefpierre and the clubs m
in France, w-M w.;.» artjofieey, and to be rich f.
,rts to be £isty of. couiucr-revolntijnary intenti- h
*,■{> os(wfe, jkolt e<"M-y rich man wasarrcft- j,
.<4 and (jQillutitied and his property confiscated. 3
This bcc.iltr so comt.ion ntider the glorious dc- t ;
rhocracy oj Trance, that the guillotine obtained the
dcnomihntifri of the " Minister of Finance." v
At the ftwic time, and while the fovercign power f
wai literftlV exercised by the pcip'.fj, poisoning be- fl
eame very imjacn. Persons arrelled on suspicion ;
often kept lills of poison to dispatch thrm'ielvss, t
if nereffary, to tfeape the guillotine. The poison /
was cailcd-" pillule de la liberie," liberty pills. ,
Helen Mava Williams has lately publiihed, in a
series of letter, a flcetch of the politics ef France,
from May 3 11\ 1793. to July 28th, 1794) l kat
is, <if the dominion of the Jacobins. —
Tficfe letters a» written with that glowing fancy
and tlegaut (lilt which charade™* her former wri
tings. As /he is a woman of undoubted veracity,!
j her relation of fsfls may be depended os as authen
tic ; 'id as (he is 3 warm admirer of the French Re
lation in principle, (he cannot be supposed to have
exaggerated any account (lie gives of French tranf
ailioas. v / ' ' 1.
Philadelphia,
FRIDAY fiVKNINU, NOVEMBER IJ, 1795.
The (hip Fame, Capt. Eldridge, from St. Übes,
was luff-Saturday boarded off the Capes of Dela
ware bythe Berrxiidian privateer Hezekiah, Capt.
: Frith, who treaitd him politely,-and furnilhed him
with a barrel of bread, which he Hood in need of.
The (loop Pully, Capt. Flail, fro;* Port-au-
Prince, on the 91 h and loth O&ober, was successive
lv boarded by L'Uuique and Republican French
privateers of 20 funs each ; by the former, Capt.
1 Hall was treated politely ; by the latter, piratically
, plundered of 2 barrels Coffee, and 3 barrels Sugar,
[ his small (lores, &c. The- Republican is the fame
L privateer that ill treated Capt. Williams.
marriid] YeSerday, by the Right Revd. Dr.
Whits, KEARNY WHARTON, Esq. of this city,
to Mif»-MARIA. SALTAR, daughter of JotJN Sal
: tar, Esq. of Magnclia Grove, on the Banl» of the
; l)e!iwarc.
6a Welrtefday lad, by the Rsv. Dr.BtACK
• win. May? ; WILLIAM, JACKSQN, to Miss
' Lf.I'ZA WUA'ING, daughter of Thomas Willing,
> El}. tlie.Buik ef the United States.
J ■' ■■■
Tuefdny Evening died C a P !a ' n WILLIAM
- GREENWAY, aged eighty years. He was the
t oldeil nauticaCa'ptain in the Pott of Philadelphia.
: He was attaefcd to the intereli of his Country,
« and in the lat Wai was in the public fcrvice, —
t Captain Gresway was a free agreeable-companion
to persons of very age. He was an early Member
, of the Marin Society, eilablidied for the Relief j
e of the Widov of diflreffed Captains;— The Mem- j
s bers of that ociety, with Relatives and Friends,
f yesterday affrnoon, attended his remans to the
- Grave Yard 1 St. Paul's Church. The Shipviing
0 had their Coins lulf-maff high on'ths oceafien. !
f ■■
COM MVXICATIOX3.
t here is great eonfufiott in Pandemonium, ante*;;
the Hollow-wire company—-univeFTal bankruptcy ;«
inevitable—*» returns adequate to the expellee mcurr
eti. Connecticut Legillaturcs would ft
take any of it; it i* all returned, cracked, damage
and ruined—a touljlofs. Mafliichufctts, New-H»:ap
fhire, Rhode-IfljnJ, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, anil
Maryland Ltgiflatures, the Company are in fearful
apprelienfions will do the fame—the majority in ail
these, being found federal men ; men that love tit;;-
country. .Nor have the Company any great hopes of
their wares in th« Southern States.
It haj always been an opinion of foine of the btft
Patriots of our country that there was fomcthiug more
thnn poverty, difappointraent and prrfoaal malignity
of (Jilpolition, to originate the flanders on the Ameri
can name and charsder which appear in the Aurora.
Tkis opinion has received the fulleftconfirmation, by
their recent re-publication of that infamous fabrication
which our enemies made in the heighth of tilt war, tr»
destroy tire confidence of the people in GENERAL.
WASHINGTON.
%
The revilers of the PRESIDENT are undoubtedly
a&uattd by the fame motives which a&oated oor open
enemies in the war These revilers hate our country--
they fickeri atjits rising greatnels and unparalelled pros
perity—Ami they molt cordially hate the man who
saved the United States in war ; and preserved to u»
the ineflimable blelliugs of pcace.
fdR THF. GAZSTTE Of Tlli UNI TiD STATBS,
Mr. FENNO,
IN your paper of last evening there are some feur
rilous lematks under the signature of Qrito, on tha
extra £1 of a letter printed in MefTrs. Tiinoth & Mason's
Gazette of the ajth of Oiftober—The author of the
extridt is not, never was, nor ever will be a BritisH
Debtor ; the insinuation then, of Crito, is as faifc as it
is scandalous. Ptirlaps Crito thinks it would be pru
dent in th« pei ple of the United States to «' commit
the management of their deartil concerns" to specula-
It he wiihes for further convitfion ot the Jalftty of h'l
alfertion, by leaving his address at your Printing-of
fice, dire fled to A. B. the writer of the paragraph
will caH on him.
PHILADELPIIUS.
Philad. Nov. 13, 2795.
~~~ EXTRACT
From Governor Gilman's Proclamation
F0 R TH E
ANNUAL THANKSGIVING
IN KSnr-BAMPtUIRE.
And 1 do earnelUy recommend to Miniflers and
People,of every denomination, that they
dedicate fatd day, and fpenda reasonable part there
of in their fefpeftive placet of pifblic worship, that
we may, with grateful hearts ?nd united voices, a
dore and praise Almighty God for theunmerited fa
vors lie has been graciously pleased to confer upon
us—'Jo lliark him for the continuance of civil and
religious liberty—For preventing contagious and
mortal disorders from spreading arr.orgtl in—For,
the general health this (late, and
the remsrkable plenty of thefruits of ;)iv eartk— For
; »*>'n-
mnlis andlonfvjtons of contending Hjtions—For pre
firving the 'inejlimakk life of the Preftdent eft hi Uni'
lt d Statu—and abofe sll for the continuance of the
bleflingsof theGofpl of pcace, the means of gracc, '
and hope of future happiness through the merits of
the Redeemer.
And together with our Thanksgiving, let us
with humbL- and devout hearts intreat the Father of
Mercies, to continue the bleffipgs with which we
art favored.and bestow upon us such as we may Hand
in need of. "That he ivolld keep tie Government of
' lie United St ties, and of the fever al Jlates.under h'u
' holy proletlin, Cause all apptfttion to rightful autho
rity to cruse, and unanimity to be rtjlored and prevail
throughout our common country.
; BY THIS DAY'S MAILS.
PITTSBURGH, November 7.
The Cincinnati paper of the toth of Odlobtrlaft
,1 informs us, that a number of persons were to leave
- tbnt place forPittfburgh, by th« way of Chilacothc.
- on Little Miami, cross Sciota at Darby't Town,
e Mufltingum it the mouth of White Weioan't Creek
- or Fort Lawrence—The distance by this route is
computed at about 300 milts, an J U is fa id, by thofc
acquainted with tht countiy, a good road may be
had. Should the prefeat peace with tht Indian*
l-rove to be permanent, a road by tht* route will,
. no doubt, be opeued as tht distance is not half so
great as the present one to that eouatry.
1. °* '' r_■
- * A Hat,
ENTIRELY hew, was exchanged last Evening at Mr.
Siear d's. Any person who has it in his poffcflioji, is r<-
1- qucUed to call on the Printer. •
e The Hat had a narrow band with afmall baskje, and a
white lining; raanufaAurcd by JamesTilEn, Philad.
Nov. 13. «d 3 t.
Sliip Arethufa. \
e Will be Said, at Public Aufiton,
On Wcdncfdav, the 18th inft.
At 7 o cUcl in the Evenings at the Merchants C»jfce-H«ufe %
(For approved notes, at 3 and 6 months)
The American Jhip Arethufa^
NOW laying at Messrs. Willing and
e Francis's wharf; burthea about 30*0
barrsls; New-Hampfliirt bni t, Iheath
ed and coppered abotit iS months since. The inventory
will lie seen at the Au&ion Room.
5 Nov. 13. tds. ]. CONNELLY, AuSitnur.
i> ■ - ■ ■- T ' ' - .1. ,
For Jeremie,
I (To fail in all this month)
f—The beautiful nefv hrig
• Richard & James,
' Thomas.Adams, trader,
blilLT of live ®ak and c»d*r, and is herfirft voyage,
n She ir inteaded for a eonftant trader, and is particularly
r well calculated for tarrying paffenjers, having icoft exeel
c lent accommodations, and conftludted for a remarkable
fail sailer. For ttrais apply to the Captain on board at
Race-ftret wharf, or to
RICHARD k JAMES POTTER.
J Who bane on Hand,
\ A large and elegant assortment of CallicOcs, MutfinS,
Ribbons, ShawK Linens, &c. &c. Nov. 13. 4