From the Columbian Centinel. IMPROMPTU, XJfon a Rjr* man's faying his Toivnjmen wire fold, that Jay had fold them to Great-Britain. HAD the Rye folks by Jay,.to Gfeat-Britainbten fold, As ther bv a Great man were told, Great-Britain, not Rye, wis ill treated— For if aught has been paid, By the maxims of trade, Great-Britain is curfedlv cheated. SHORT 808. I * Rye is a small tezun of New-Hampshire, of a butt as much importance in that State, as Dracut is in Maf faehufetts. The map is reckoned -very accurate that has a dot for either. FROM THE ARGUS. TF.E DEFENCE-No. XXIII. THE preceding articles haying adjusted those controversies which threatened an open rupture be tween the two countries, it rem lined to form such difpolitions relative to the intercourse, commerce, and navigation, of the parties, as should appear most likely to prefers peace, and promote their mutual advantage. Those who have considered with attention tke 'intcrefts of commerce, will agree in the opinion that its utility, as 'well as general prosperity, would be most effectually advanced by a total abolition of the restraints and regulations with which the jea : loufies and rival policy of nations have embarrassed it. But though wc are not chargeable with having contributed to the efteblilhment of these errors, so discouraging to the industry and perplexing in ihe intercourse of nations, wc found them so deep ly rooted and so extensively prevalent, that our voice and opinions would have been little regarded, had 'we exprefTcd a desire of a system, more liberal and advauug«u"a t<> ali. The rights of commerce among njtionj between whom exist no treaties ate imperfect. " The law of nature, fays Vattel, (b. t, f. 89) jives to noperfon whatever, the le#ft kind of right to fell what belongs to him, to another who docs not wanl to buy it ; nor has any nation that of fell ing its commodities or merchandize to a people who are unwilling to have them. Every man and every nation being perfectly at liberty to buy a thing that is to be fold, or not to buy it, and to buy it of on* rather than of another."—" Every ftatn has «onftantly (continues the fame author) a right to prohibit the entrance of foreign mer chandize, and the people who are interested in this ' prohibition have no right to complain of it." States by convention may turn these imperfedt into perfect rights, and thus a nation not having natu rally a perfect right to carry on commerce with another, may acquire it by treaty. A limple per mission to trade with a nation, gives no perfect right to that trad* ; it may be carried on so long as permitted, but the nation granting such permif Con, i» under no obligation to continue ir. A per t feet right in one nation to /carry on commerce and tiade with another nation, can alone be procured by treaty. From the precarious nature of trade between na tions, as well as from the desire of obtaining special advantages and preferences in carrying it on, ori ginated the earlielt conventions on the subject of commerce. The firft commercial treaty that placed (he parties on a more secure and better footing in their dealings with each other than exifled in their refpedlivf intercourse with other nations, inspired others with a desire to eftablilh by similar treaties an equally advantageous arrangement; Thus one treaty was followed by anpther, until, as was the cafe when the United States became an independent power, all nations had Wittred into extensive and camplicnted stipulations concerning their naviga tion, mannfa£tutes and commerce. This being the aiftual condition of the commer cial world, when we arrived at our Ration in it, the like indufCjnent* to render certain that which by the law of nations was precarious, and to partici pate in the advantages feenred by national agiie , nsents, prompted our government to propose to all a«d to conclude with several of the European na tion*, treaties of commerce. Immediately after the concltifion of the war, Congress appointed Mr. Adams, Duttor Franklin, and Mr.. Jeffition. joint comuiiflio«ers, to propose and conclude commercial treaties with the different nations of Europe. This commission was opened at Pari), ani overtures were made to the different powers (including Great Britain) through their ministers refiditig at Paris. »>The bafiis of these nu merous treaties, which Congress were defirons to form, was that the partiss fhonld refpeftivcly enjoy ; the rights of the moil favored nations. Various ' infWcrs were given by tine foreign minister* in be- I half of their fever*! nations. But the treaty with it Pniffia was the only one concluded, of the very i great number propofvd by the American commil- I Goners. Mr. Adams in 1785, was removed to London, Doc. Franklin (ton after returned to A merica, and Mr. Jefferfon succeeded him as miriif ter at Paris. Tims failed the project of forming comme; cial treaties with 'almost every pewer in Eu rope. Treaties with Ruflu, Denmark, Great Britain, Spain/and Portugal, woould have been of 'importance, but the scheme of extending treaties < f commerce to all the minor powers of Europe, jtnt omitting-his holiness the Pope, was, it must be Acknowledged, somewhat chimerical, and could not fail to have cart an air of ridicule on the com miflious that with great fulemnity were opened at ' Paris. • The imbecility of our national government, un der the articles of confederation, was underftnod abroad as well as at home, and the opinionsof char ratters 111 England most inclined to favor an extefe five commercial connexion between the t'wo coun tries, were underltood to have been opposed to the, foimation of a commercial treaty with us; since from the defects of our articles of Union, we were fuppoied to be deflitute of the power requilitc to enforce the execution oi the stipulations that such a treaty wight contain. We in«!t all remember the various and ill digest ed law 9 for the regulation of commerce, which ✓ 9 v were adopted bjrthe ,several dates at fubflitute* for < those commercial treaties, in' the conclusion of n which oar commissioners had been disappointed the cmbarraflmenti which proceeded from this fonrce, joined to those felt from the derangement of the national treasury, were the immediate eanL which affcmbled the convention at-Philadelphia in 1787. The result of this Convention was the a doption of tbe present Federal Constitution, the legislative and executive departments of which eaeh j, poffofs a power to regulate foreign commerce ; the i, former by etiafting laws for that parpofe, the fat ter by forming, commercial treaties with foreign na- tj tions. The opinion heretofore.entertained by our go , vernment, refpeiting the utility of commercial trea- tj ties, is not equivocal }_aad it is proD-vbb that, they . will in future deem it expedient toadjuil their to reign trade by treaty, in preference to legislative a provisions, as far it shall be found pra&ieable, on ' terms of reasonable advantage. In the farm*tion ~ of the regulations that are legislative, being exparte, 0 the intereit of those who eftabliflied them is leer, in v its strongest light, while that of the other lide is rarely allowed its juli weight. Pride and paflion too frequently add their influence to carry thefc „ regulations beyond the limits of moderation : R:- 0 ftraints and exclusions on one fide, beget reitrainu 0 and exclusions on the ether, and these retaliatery t; laws lead to, and often tsrminate in open war : While on the other had, by adjusting the comnrer- ti cial intercourse of nations by treaty, the pretenfens t ) of the paities are candidly examined, and the rcfult Cl of the discussion, it is fair to presume, as welt from e ; tlie experienee of individuals in private affairi, as a from that of nations in their more important and complicated relations, eftablilhcs those regulations „ which are belt suited to the intereltsof the parties, p and which alone afford that liability and confidence t i so effentia! to the fuceefsof commercial enterprise- v That our present government, thought„ -romniereia. Treaty f, advantageous is evident, not alone from the fpeckl r and diflindt Gommilfion given to Mr. Jay to forn n one; but likewise fiom the letter of Mr. Jeffeifoii to Mr. Hammond of the 29th Nov. 1791, whicl? was th« firlt letter to that minilter after his arrival-, in which the executive fays, " with refpeit to the commerce of the two Countries we have supposed j that we saw in several inflarces, regulations 011 ihe part of your Government, which if reciprocally a dopted would materially injure the iuterefts of hotb Nations : on this lubjedt too, I mutt beg the <- favour of you, to fay, whether you are authnvifed r to conclinle or to negociale arrangements with 11s; which n>ay Sx the commerce between the two Countries on principles of reciprocal advantage," Further, from the Grit session of Congress, to J. that during which Mr. Jay's appointment took plaee, effoits mere made to dikuminate in »>ur re- ' venue and commercial Laws, between those nations with whom we hail, and those with whom toe hat! not, commercial Treaties—The avowed objedt which dilerimiiiation was to place Vie latter nati ons on a less advantageous commercial footing than the former, io order to induce them likcwifttei commercial treaties with tis, and it cannot be . forgotten by them, who affeA to fuppofc that it ' was not expected that a treaty of commercc wxiuld ■ be formed by Mr. Jay, tli»t M*r- Mean's " mercial resolutions, which were under confijeration at the time of Mr. J ay's appointment, grew out of and were built upon a clause of Mr jeffcrfon's re port of the 26th December 1793, which aft'erts 1 that Great Britain discovered no disposition to en ter into a commercial Tieaty with us. The report alluded to is explicit'in declaring a preference of ' friendly arrangements, by Treaties of co.r.merce, ' to regulations by the acts of our Legislature, and authorizes the inference, under which the commer cial resolutions vyere brought forward, that the latter fliotild he refotted to, only when the former cannot be effedted. The power of the executive to form commercial treaties, and the objection against the cpmmeicial articles before us as an unionllitr.tional interference with the legislative powers of Congress will in the sequel he defliuSly examined, together with other objections on the point of constitutionality. Against the policy of regulating rommetse by; treaty rather than by a£t« of the Legislature, it is said that the Legiflativea£ts ean, but that 4treat), cannot, be repealed. Th* remark is U\ts, imd of weight against ttvTformation of commercial treaties which are to be of lonji duration, or like our com mercial treaty with France, which is permanent. For, as we are yearly advancing in agriculture, manufactories, commerce, navigation, and Itrength, our treaties of commerce, especially such as by par ticular stipulations, shall give to the parties other rinhts than those of the most favoured nation,ought tcf be of short duration, that like temporary laws, they may at an early day expire by their own limi tation, leaving the intcrefts of the parties to a tew adjustment, founded on equity and nutual couven icnee> Of this description are the commercial articles of the treaty with Great-Britain ; for none of them ■can continue in force more than twelve years, and they may all expire if either party ihall chufe it, at the end of two years after the peace between France and Great Britain. Did the limits assigned to this defence, admit a review of the commercial and njaritime codes of tbe principal European natinns, we should difcoverone prevailing feature ta characterize them all •, we should fee the general er common intereit of na tions, every where, placed in a subordinate rank, and their feparaie advantage adopted as the end to be attained by their refpeAive laws—Hence one nation has ena£tcd laws to protest their manufac tures, another to encourage and extend their nsvi gatjon, a third to monopolize some important branch of trade, and all have contributed to the cteation of that complicated system of regulations and reftriints, which we fee established throughout the commercial woild. One branch a principal one of tins system, that which eftabliftes the c.mnerfion between the several European nations and their colonies, merits our particular attention. An exafft knowledge of this connexion would alTiit lis in forming a jult e«i mate of "the difficult ies that ftani in opposition tc our claim of free and full participation in the colo ny trade of Gt^st-Britain. CAMILLUS. [Tt It cer.cluJtd to-rncrriiu.~\ ' ' — ■ ■ r Ci GENEVESE REPUBLIC, Aug. i. Btffeminaled Jaeebinifm. ft Our unfortunate town Vias always been agitated by ilit «ffe£hofthc different (hocki which France > hT TT^ftTj.. w **"-f t<» the brink of.ruin. t! A «it! :. p, *:,<>'J-.-dViHcd one ofthoftrwliothirS- o ■ed jfu-r Suablood, had the good fortune to tfeape, e; and wa3 hanged ia effigy. Wliilll the people were to Flainpalais to fee th : s mock execution, l ' i'even young men were conveyed through the gate j of Rue, having been convicted of the crime of ha- \ viitg worn green neckcloths (which one of them had % received as a prrfent from Lyons) without any evil delicti, and which they had left off as fuon as they a< v. cte informed thi't they were eunlidered as a badge ei of party. .Our government had palled a fentenee c ' of banithment against them, and they would ccr- j? tainly have been maffaercd had not they escaped in t j time. It is true that the general opinion begins to declare itfelf decidedly againll theterroriHs; but the Government, composed of either weak, ineffi cient, or corrupt men, do not fccure the peaceable citiien* againlltheir attempts.. The emigration of alrooft all the opulent families, the expencea-of the r government whin i annually exceed the public reve niit; by sco florins (of our money) complete the f picture ot-uur present misery. The afpeit of the f to.vii is aSictkig;; the public walks are deserted ; .is whole streets are ur inhabited. The number ofj- d migrants amount to near 6qoo js to fay the l! fi)»rth ptrtofifee iwiwlyiiwi ■> w Burgheis, where & many .iffctfjoafiona were com- * mitted 1«R )"« r .i» frequented by none of the repu- f, lifeS (i'b.rns, net even l>y the Revolutions. m -Willi—WW—l BOSTON, November 4. A TO/ST, ii/orthy Aaericans, gvu.-tr a feio days fines, at an entertainment, after a military pa rude, at Ipfwitb. " Diafnefs to the ear that would patiently hear, dumbntfs to the tongue that would uiter a calum ny a*anft'the immortal WASHINGTON." . P From Philadelphia. Mr. Randolph's exculpation will eornircnce in a pamphet, which is now in the press, and will spec- dily bepnhlithed. You will fee iu thep,' pert a moil , gross and infamous publication refpe&ing the de- ucucnimt of the affair. It is a (heer Jacobin fcfcri catlon — tf.fc Prtfidt'nt has observed towards Mr. it. 'sC'fittlnrH* tficat'y*: Bnt as the Father of his ' count';-)-, \k nut ft be'faitflful as well as kind. j tl ,i !SE\V-YOAK.-Na«niiiet 10. —> * Under th; t*r»«ny of Rpbefpierre and the clubs m in France, w-M w.;.» artjofieey, and to be rich f. ,rts to be £isty of. couiucr-revolntijnary intenti- h *,■{> os(wfe, jkolt e<"M-y rich man wasarrcft- j, .<4 and (jQillutitied and his property confiscated. 3 This bcc.iltr so comt.ion ntider the glorious dc- t ; rhocracy oj Trance, that the guillotine obtained the dcnomihntifri of the " Minister of Finance." v At the ftwic time, and while the fovercign power f wai literftlV exercised by the pcip'.fj, poisoning be- fl eame very imjacn. Persons arrelled on suspicion ; often kept lills of poison to dispatch thrm'ielvss, t if nereffary, to tfeape the guillotine. The poison / was cailcd-" pillule de la liberie," liberty pills. , Helen Mava Williams has lately publiihed, in a series of letter, a flcetch of the politics ef France, from May 3 11\ 1793. to July 28th, 1794) l kat is, El}. tlie.Buik ef the United States. J ■' ■■■ Tuefdny Evening died C a P !a ' n WILLIAM - GREENWAY, aged eighty years. He was the t oldeil nauticaCa'ptain in the Pott of Philadelphia. : He was attaefcd to the intereli of his Country, « and in the lat Wai was in the public fcrvice, — t Captain Gresway was a free agreeable-companion to persons of very age. He was an early Member , of the Marin Society, eilablidied for the Relief j e of the Widov of diflreffed Captains;— The Mem- j s bers of that ociety, with Relatives and Friends, f yesterday affrnoon, attended his remans to the - Grave Yard 1 St. Paul's Church. The Shipviing 0 had their Coins lulf-maff high on'ths oceafien. ! f ■■ COM MVXICATIOX3. t here is great eonfufiott in Pandemonium, ante*;; the Hollow-wire company—-univeFTal bankruptcy ;« inevitable—*» returns adequate to the expellee mcurr eti. Connecticut Legillaturcs would ft take any of it; it i* all returned, cracked, damage and ruined—a touljlofs. Mafliichufctts, New-H»:ap fhire, Rhode-IfljnJ, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, anil Maryland Ltgiflatures, the Company are in fearful apprelienfions will do the fame—the majority in ail these, being found federal men ; men that love tit;;- country. .Nor have the Company any great hopes of their wares in th« Southern States. It haj always been an opinion of foine of the btft Patriots of our country that there was fomcthiug more thnn poverty, difappointraent and prrfoaal malignity of (Jilpolition, to originate the flanders on the Ameri can name and charsder which appear in the Aurora. Tkis opinion has received the fulleftconfirmation, by their recent re-publication of that infamous fabrication which our enemies made in the heighth of tilt war, tr» destroy tire confidence of the people in GENERAL. WASHINGTON. % The revilers of the PRESIDENT are undoubtedly a&uattd by the fame motives which a&oated oor open enemies in the war These revilers hate our country-- they fickeri atjits rising greatnels and unparalelled pros perity—Ami they molt cordially hate the man who saved the United States in war ; and preserved to u» the ineflimable blelliugs of pcace. fdR THF. GAZSTTE Of Tlli UNI TiD STATBS, Mr. FENNO, IN your paper of last evening there are some feur rilous lematks under the signature of Qrito, on tha extra £1 of a letter printed in MefTrs. Tiinoth & Mason's Gazette of the ajth of Oiftober—The author of the extridt is not, never was, nor ever will be a BritisH Debtor ; the insinuation then, of Crito, is as faifc as it is scandalous. Ptirlaps Crito thinks it would be pru dent in th« pei ple of the United States to «' commit the management of their deartil concerns" to specula- It he wiihes for further convitfion ot the Jalftty of h'l alfertion, by leaving his address at your Printing-of fice, dire fled to A. B. the writer of the paragraph will caH on him. PHILADELPIIUS. Philad. Nov. 13, 2795. ~~~ EXTRACT From Governor Gilman's Proclamation F0 R TH E ANNUAL THANKSGIVING IN KSnr-BAMPtUIRE. And 1 do earnelUy recommend to Miniflers and People,of every denomination, that they dedicate fatd day, and fpenda reasonable part there of in their fefpeftive placet of pifblic worship, that we may, with grateful hearts ?nd united voices, a dore and praise Almighty God for theunmerited fa vors lie has been graciously pleased to confer upon us—'Jo lliark him for the continuance of civil and religious liberty—For preventing contagious and mortal disorders from spreading arr.orgtl in—For, the general health this (late, and the remsrkable plenty of thefruits of ;)iv eartk— For ; »*>'n- mnlis andlonfvjtons of contending Hjtions—For pre firving the 'inejlimakk life of the Preftdent eft hi Uni' lt d Statu—and abofe sll for the continuance of the bleflingsof theGofpl of pcace, the means of gracc, ' and hope of future happiness through the merits of the Redeemer. And together with our Thanksgiving, let us with humbL- and devout hearts intreat the Father of Mercies, to continue the bleffipgs with which we art favored.and bestow upon us such as we may Hand in need of. "That he ivolld keep tie Government of ' lie United St ties, and of the fever al Jlates.under h'u ' holy proletlin, Cause all apptfttion to rightful autho rity to cruse, and unanimity to be rtjlored and prevail throughout our common country. ; BY THIS DAY'S MAILS. PITTSBURGH, November 7. The Cincinnati paper of the toth of Odlobtrlaft ,1 informs us, that a number of persons were to leave - tbnt place forPittfburgh, by th« way of Chilacothc. - on Little Miami, cross Sciota at Darby't Town, e Mufltingum it the mouth of White Weioan't Creek - or Fort Lawrence—The distance by this route is computed at about 300 milts, an J U is fa id, by thofc acquainted with tht countiy, a good road may be had. Should the prefeat peace with tht Indian* l-rove to be permanent, a road by tht* route will, . no doubt, be opeued as tht distance is not half so great as the present one to that eouatry. 1. °* '' r_■ - * A Hat, ENTIRELY hew, was exchanged last Evening at Mr. Siear d's. Any person who has it in his poffcflioji, is r<- 1- qucUed to call on the Printer. • e The Hat had a narrow band with afmall baskje, and a white lining; raanufaAurcd by JamesTilEn, Philad. Nov. 13. «d 3 t. Sliip Arethufa. \ e Will be Said, at Public Aufiton, On Wcdncfdav, the 18th inft. At 7 o cUcl in the Evenings at the Merchants C»jfce-H«ufe % (For approved notes, at 3 and 6 months) The American Jhip Arethufa^ NOW laying at Messrs. Willing and e Francis's wharf; burthea about 30*0 barrsls; New-Hampfliirt bni t, Iheath ed and coppered abotit iS months since. The inventory will lie seen at the Au&ion Room. 5 Nov. 13. tds. ]. CONNELLY, AuSitnur. i> ■ - ■ ■- T ' ' - .1. , For Jeremie, I (To fail in all this month) f—The beautiful nefv hrig • Richard & James, ' Thomas.Adams, trader, blilLT of live ®ak and c»d*r, and is herfirft voyage, n She ir inteaded for a eonftant trader, and is particularly r well calculated for tarrying paffenjers, having icoft exeel c lent accommodations, and conftludted for a remarkable fail sailer. For ttrais apply to the Captain on board at Race-ftret wharf, or to RICHARD k JAMES POTTER. J Who bane on Hand, \ A large and elegant assortment of CallicOcs, MutfinS, Ribbons, ShawK Linens, &c. &c. Nov. 13. 4