«£
I'rom the /Irgus
CAT O—No. VI,
Concluded. ]
I ft. As it is obvious that the present flourifhirtg
ftite of our navigation, is in a great measure ow
ing to the operation of the laws«l have mentioned,
it nvttft follow, that whatever countervails the effe£t
of those laws mull bring it back to the state in
-rhich it was. Now as the profits of every voyage
is calculated on theontward and homeward voyage,
we pay in the Britiih dominions exattly what they
n v lie're, the charge.trtoii the whole is the
f .tic. TiV. en, previous to the passing our tonnage
I'v.vs, the Bri ilh, bv the operation of their naviga
tion laws, had such advantage over us, in our own
commerce, nr. to employ two hundred and thirty
tbouiand tons of lu*r (hipping, as she did in 1759 i
v.'hsle the whole of American thipping employed in
the tra 1c with Britain and its dominions, amounted
in the fime year, to only 3,580 tons, lefc than one
fisth' part of. the whole quality engaged in the in
feirhan of commodities between the two nations,
it mud follow that we fiiall. again be reduced in
r-inftcnence of the treaty to our former humiliating
f;!iia;;»ii, our seamen mull go into thclervice of the
nayoa that is again to navigate for u«, and our
fiup builders an. 1 the numerous trades conneited
with them, mult starve or leek some otlier employ,
ment, since our merchants will no longer hjvt oc
casion for {hips. aid the British merchants are not
permitted to uje thife we build. It is observable
too, that the tonnage duty .whirh Britain is to lay,
is not a countervailing duty, iike that on goods im
ported, but is to be- in the words of the article
" rqual to that which is payable iy Bri till) refills in
the ports of America." Now foreign veflels pay
50 cent 6 here, of courft 50 cents may be imposed
on our veflels in Britain, but our own vcffela also
pay fix certts a ton at home, so that on every voyage
to the British dominion*, and home again, they will
pay 56 cents, while the British pay only 50; and
as the roavge may be performed three times a year,
the American ship will pay on the whole, 18 cents
a ton annually more than the British, and it maybe
a question whetbi'r we have any right to repeal the
law la'ying the home du:y, as it was imposed and en
titled when thetreaty was made and ratified, the repeal
would put the BritiiTi vtffels in a less advantageous
- litnation than they were at the time the treaty was
made. But the difepuragement does not reft here,
exceot so far as our trade may be confined to the
city of London, for in every other port we pay an
extra light money of is 9d (terling a ton, which is
about 39 cents ; so that an American vefTel going
to Bristol, Liverpool, &c. and returning, will pay
(besides the 50 cents the British are to impose) fix
cents American tonnage, and 39 cents extra light
and trinity money, that is 45 ccnts move a ton than
a British vefTel performing the fame voyage, and
which in three voyages, or one year, will amount, on
a vet Tel of 400 tons, to 540 dollars, extra charge on
American vessels. Thus then we give an annual
end no ir.c inf.derable bounty to Britifli vrft'els, to
the prejudice of our own navigation. I believe that
this is the firft inllance in the hiltory of nations, in
uhich a commercial one has given greater encour
agement to foreign (hips than to her own. But
the evil does not (top here, equalizing duties arc to
be imposed, what those are to be is not ascertained
by the treaty ; but as the power to impose them is
reserved to the Britifli parliament, what is to pre
vent their exceeding their jnft me.ifure. But sup
posing they are really inclined not to go beyond the
fight referred by the ttcaty, what is to be the rule
f>f that right ? The duties we impose upon their
commodities amount to 12 per cent. 011 the India,
and at the average, to about to per cent, on other
articles. Are they to lay a duty which will amount
to a mean of the telative quantities of these articles?
if they are, how :» it to be found, as the relative
proportion between the importation of these articles
is continually fluftnating ? or is the countervailing
duty to amount to as much .on the whole of the ar
ticles imported from the LJwiied btates, as the
who'e duty paid on foreign articles imported in
Britifli ftiip3 pay the United States? this feetns to
be the true conftruEtion of the article. IT so then,
ns our imports from ihe Britifli dominions, exceed
our exports to them by more than one third, and
fttppofing the average of the duty they pay here to
1' e'i o oer cent, the duty upon our exports,if carried
T.'Y any of the British dominions, in American ves
sels j mud amount to 15 per cent, otherwise the
whole duty will not be equalized, the advantage
that this will give to Britifli (hips over ours, parti
cularly when they bring our cheap and bulky arti
cle#, or filth as pay tio duty, is too obvious to
dwell upon. But this is not the only effect of this
equalizing duty, ,is Britain has a right to choose the
aniclrt on which Ihe may impose it, she has in
some fort the regulation of our tratle, so far as it
may be earned 011 in American vessels ; thus fup
„of- she should put the greatest part of this equal
v/inrr duty upon the hioft bulky articles, it would
neceflarily follow that those articles must either rot
on our hands, seek another market, or go in Brit
ish (hips, which would pay no duty at home. Could
a more effectual way be deviled to exclude us abfo
lutelv from carrying our ovrn commodities ? It may
be fr.id that independent of the tieaty, Britain
rni/ht have imposed these duties ; true, and inde
pendent of the tisfaty we might have met them with
other duties.
2d. As the British must necefiaidy be the prin
cipal carriers between us and their dominions, so
they will be in a great measure the carriers between
m and foreign nations : because while by their navi
gation a£t they absolutely forbid us to enter their
ports with any commodities not the giowth and
ma ufafture Jf our own country ; they bring the
commodities of other nations upon the fame terms
ac those might by whom they were raised, and they
en ', take back a return cargo to Britain, or its do
minions, with greater advantage than \Ve can carry
our own produce, by the whole diifeience of the
■oniiasrc, and countervailing duties with fix cents
supra added if they return td London, and 45 cems
if f p any other port in the Britifli dominions, and
fun ther.ee a "rain return with Britifli commodities
to the ot/ginafport. ft is evident that the benefits
alieu'din r"fuch privileged (hips, mult give their
jtf ers great advantages.over others ; and as they
•iff only be held by British fubjech, who are by
the term? of ths tr:aty to te in every te r pe£l upon
a footing with our own merchants, while they en
joy all thole additional advantages as British fub
je'-.b, it requires no great forefight to discover,
that the whule tyade of America must beeiigrofled
by them. Nor does it require much mors to fee
that the leading object of this treaty, is to establish
the navigation and commerce of Britain upon the
ruins of our own. To fill the atlantic pcirts, and
the western territory with British merchants and
fa&ovs—to establish a certain degree of rank for
British officeis, whom tl>e humiliated Amcrkan i. - >
direc\ed, tinder pain of being " considered as a dis
turber of the peace of both nations, to treat tvith
refpeS due to bis commission to put such fetter*
upon our legillatur-: as would forever bind them to
-t-he will of that imperious nation—to difgult our
republican allies, and leave t's only to the jnjiice and
humanity of thtm.m who has urged our Have* to cut
our throats—iav;vges to murder our women and
children—barbarian pirates to ertflave our ttiariners
—and his own banditti to profane our churches—
burn our dwellings, and rob, plunder, arid mafTacre
our citizens. If we compare this treaty with many |
speeches, made aboi:' the period of Mr. Jay's ap
pointment, with the fuppott he has avowedly receiv
ed from the British faction, with the warmth with
which he engaged in the controversy between our
government and the French minifler: If we add
the readiness that ardent or vindictive men feci, to
suppose every thing right which strengthens their
party, we shall be left surprised at the treaties, eon
riavenino; the exillinJ laws of the country, where
they bore hard upon the British, or its giving them
fnch additional encouragement as (hould induce
them to potir in their myrmidons to fapport and
strengthen the hands of government againll native
Americans, and the friends and well withers to for
eign and domestic republics—whom the courtiers
have dared to calumniate with the names of antifed
eral and jacobin.
Mr. Knckney informs tis in his letter to Mr.
Jefferfon, that Lord Grenville, in stating the prin
ciples on which they had ifTucd the inftruftion ps
Bth January, 1794, made use of these terms, " the
second was that he [Lord GrenvideJ could not
mention to mc officially, but that he iiiil thought it
right 1 should be apprised of, that no misconcep
tion of their motives might be entertained, that he
was aware of the delicacy of speaking to 'a foreign
mir.ifter concerning the internal Hate of his country,
neither could he expe£t an answer fiom me on the
fubjeft. But that the second reason was to take
away every pretext from evil disposed persons among
us [the citizens of the United States] who accord
ing to the intelligence h: bad received were endeavsur
ing to irritate our people itgtAnJl Great Britain, at
uiell as to oppafe the mcafures of own government, and
in (hort, to reduce us to the present situation of
France." it is evident from this communication,
that Lord Grenville supposed that all thofc perfoits
in America, who f.lt for the honor of their coun
try —who were irritated at the piracies of the Brit
ilh, and the insults and injuries we had fuffered, j
which I believe included every native American not
holding an office, a feat in Congress, or money in
the funds were the eppofcrs of our own government.
As the in(l r u£\ions alluded to, directed the tak
ing our vcfiels, going-from the French Weft Indies
to any port in Europe, Lord Grenville mutt have
conceived, that the way to flrengthen the hands of
our government, was t*j destroy our commerce —
imprison our teamen in unhealthy climates, and les
sen our connection with France ; the whule was e
vidently thrown out to Mr.Pinckney to induce him
to enter into couverfation with him on the fubjedt
of such a convention between the two governments
as fiiould engage America in a war with France,
permit Britain to plunder our trade, and in return
lend her aid for tiie support of our government. —
The whole speaks this plain language, " the friends
of Britain in America, are the friends of your go
vernment, the enemies to British depredations are
the enemies of your government, and Jacobins who
love the French ; let u» make a common cause of it,
we can mutually assist each other. ' Mr. Pinckney
was too pruder.t to enter i to any difcuflion with
Lord Grenville on this delicate fubjeft ; I hope Mr.
Jay has been equally so.
That the cause of the treaty, and the cause of
Britain, have gone hand and hand in this couutry,
will not, however, he disputed, by lUofe who kfiow
the birth pationage, and aff;£tious of its advocates,
and as this dangerous inflrument has a tendency
to dellroy our connection with France, to cut the
sinews of the national strength, to compel us to
rely on Great B-itain, and to import supporters of
our government from thence : we cannot doubt its
lining the offspring of a perconceived system.
C A T O.
S T 0 C K S.
Six per Cert. - -
Three per Cent. -
Deferred Six per Cent
DANK United States, ------
——— North \meiica, - - - - -
Pennsylvania, ------
Insurance Company North America, 30
Pennfylvania,[lnt. off] 6
LOOKING-GLASS PLATES
For SALE, by
JAMES and HENRY REYNOLDS,
No. 56, Market-street,
by the box or fmallcr quantity.
Also, a general Allbrtment of Looking-Glafles fram
ed. Brackens for Lamps, &c. Girandoles j GUl's or
Picture Frames made in burniflied gold, oil gold, white
and gold, black and gold or plain.
August 18.
Mr. EDWARD ALLEN,
BOK.N at Cambridge, England, and educated at
Kirkbride's, near Barnard Cattle. Yoi'kfcire —Who is
supposed to have come ta America in the year 1787,
is requested to call on, or write to Captain James Tho
mas Bilhop,- at Do&or Spence'g, No. xio, South Se
cond-street, Philadelphia, where he will hear of forne
thing much to Ilia advantage.
Capt. Bifcop will thank any person for anyinforma
t Jon the above EdwarsAilen.
Augnft it.
1 inoft cordially join id the general joy of every
good citieen, on the patriotic firmnefs exhibited by
our worthy Prefideat ill Supporting the constitution
of the country ; for though he discreetly waves
hazarding a sentiment on the right of exercizing an
absolute- negative on the determination of the
Senate, yet he is under no hesitation in giving their
conftitutinnal deciiion, a formal effect.
That the fenor of the treaty is not coextensive
with the vvlftvs of the citilens of the United
States, is admitted by all, hut as our conftittitional
Representatives have dill tnought it politic to give
it a partial conlirmation, I ought not to suppose
that, any real well wisher to his country would
dart to fubftitiite the haity ill digested refutations
of uninformed individuals. Would pot such mea
sures tend to the deltrudtion of all government ?
Have we not a ccnftitution founded on rational
and liberal principles, which though opposed by
some in its formation, yet has been wifely and
universally, permitted to enter into full operation.
Upon what principles then is it attempted to usurp
the power of government and place it in a multi
tude of detached bodies. If one set of men meet
and attempt to direct public councils, another may
with equal propriety meet in opposition. Where
will this terminate ? will it not difiblve the bands
of Society and cast us back into a (late of nature ?
Surely no considerate man will lend his aid to the
workers of confufion ; for whatever pretences may
be made, of a meer opposition to the treaty, there
is too much reason to fear that it arises from a deep
rooted hatred to the Constitution ; a Constitution
under which there is more true liberty and h.ippi
nefs enjoyed, than under any farm of government
in the world. Let us but support our present sys
tem of mild government and good laws stowing
from constitutional sources and we rnutf be a great
and envied people. That there will be turbulent
men in all countries mutt ever be expected, and
that there will be weak men who \yill follow them
blindfold into the abfurdelt measures; but the great
bulk of the people whillt theyaie enlightened will
pursue their own happiness, and support good gov
ernment.
- - - - ltf
- - - - xi/
- - - - 14/
31 pr. Cent.
5° -
38 -
3aw 3W
aaw tf
t'tr the G-AZETTE of the UNITED STATES-
MR. Fenno,
It is not to be underltood that by supporting
good government we are tamely to submit to Inso
lence and injaflice ; the late conduct of the Britifli
cruiferi, even in our porti fhou'd claim our moll
pointed resentment, not floppingr.tthedilatory mode
of obtaining fatisfadiion by diplomatic complaints,
the arms of government should he immediately
pointed to the offender ; when a commander of a
ship of war {hall insolently and wantonly break
through the rules established by neutral nations,
he should be denied the enjoyment of neutral rights.
Though we are sincerely dilpofed to pursue pacific
meafurcs with all nations, yet their fubje&s fliall
not be permitted to affront us on our bwn territory,
Capt. Home and his ctew (hould be informed that
the ports of America should be (hut to them as
men who have violated the rights of nations the
rights of their own nation and of ours. Wlnlft
foreigners treat u» with decency and jullicc they
fliall find us the friends of mankind, but at the
fame time that we are men who know our rights
and how to protect them.
By this Day's Mails.
NEW-YORK, Auguli 17.
By the Hercules, arrived on Saturday, we have
received our regular advices up to the 27th of
June ; and by a gentleman who came paflenger,
we were kindly favored with additional papers to
the 30th, from which we present our readers
with the following extracts :—
LONDON, June 25.
What will the flicklers for Geiman honor and
Imperial faith, tlie approvers of the Aullrian loan,
fay, when they peruse the following letter, which
we have no doubt will soon receive such a confirma
tion as will convince the moll obstinate, that the
Emperor, as if in perse& spite to his fupporteis in
the British Parliament, has announced his intention
to concldde a peace with France for his hereditary
slates, and also to- enter into negociations for the
empire J
His mpiefty the Emperor of Germany to his excel
lency the Prince Colleredo, president <as the aulic
tribunal of the Roman Empire.
" When 1 ascended the throne, I found myfelf
involved in a war replete with ruin to my hereditary
dates, into xr'iich my father was led by his ?llies,
and the molt fulemn promises of the Holy Roman
Empire. At this moment 1 perceive myfelf aban
doned by my allies, the strength of my people re
duced, and my trcafures exhausted, wh'ilft my allies
"have only considered their own inlerelt. I have
therefore feat ray minifUr, the Count de Lehrbach,
to Britenfee, to conclude a peace, for the fake of
my hereditary states, of which I flmll render an ac
count to no one. But, ever mindful of the en
gagements which I have contra<3ed towards the
German co-estates, I am filer.t on the fubjeft of
their ingratitude for these my last efforts, and there
fore, at the fame time, fend to Britenfee my Vice-
President of tlw Empire, the Baron de Barterftyn •
there to negociate an advantageous peace for the
empire. 1 inv.te (if they should so please) those
of the Germamc body who (hould be inclined to
unite themselves to me, to fend inltru&ions and full
power, to this ambafrador, with an assurance that
by placing a reliance on the anciwt Aufhian fide
lity to its promises, they will mod infallibly meet
with more success, than those who with a blind
confidence have involved themselves with a power
faithlefs to the most solemn engagements.
„ Vi l T " (Signed) ° FRANCIS."
Paraph. I rant. ,
A cotnraiffion passed tKe Board of Admiralty
appointing Admiral Hotham Commander-in-Chief
of hi* msjefty's squadron in the Mediterranean, in
the room of Admiral Lord resigned.
Admiral Pi mglr, J atf ly returned to the Downs,
from a crinfe in the North'Scas, will go back to
his Ration as fo ol> as he is j«\iiied by four ship« of
, the Kn«i two frigatts,. tvVo (loop-, a fire-lliip, an d
Itro cuttsr«, which are the reinforcements orderei
him by the Admiralty Board, on account of the
appearance of the Dutch cruisers in that quarter,
Admtriilty-Ojficc t June l*}, 1 795-
Difpatchcs, of which the following ate copiei
ana extrafh were yelterday received at the offii-e.
Admiral Cornwallis, on board his rhajefty'* {hip
Royal Sovereign, the nth of Jure, to Evan
Nepean, Esq. Secretary of the Admiralty.
- Sir,
I requed that you will be i.leafed to acquaint
the Lore's Commifiioners of the Admiralty, that
on the sth iiftant, a ship having been «hafed hv the
squadron, a figual was made t« me from the Phae
ton, that it was an enemy's fiigate. But in the
evening Capt. Stafford made me a (ignal, that he
could'not come up with r he rhace, upon which I
called turn i" and brough to for the night, being
then in latitr 1e47, 2X, long. 5, 57, In themort .
ingofthe yh.afail was seen again to the eaflward.
I made the lignul for the Phaeton, Pallas and
King-Fisher, to chare, and followed them with the
line of battle ihips. It was blowing fiefh from the
north j and as we came in with the land fcveral
large (Lips were fcen under fail, which proved to be
a French lquadroii, conliiting .of tbree lii>e of bat
tie {hips, fix frigates, a brig a (loop a (.utter. Some
of thi.ni were at firlt (landing off (hoie, but unfor
fortunntely, the wind was fair for tliem to get int»
Bellille ro*d, where we saw fcveral large fljips at
anchor. We had got very near to the enemy's
(hips and had hopes at fm'l ?ie fhoiild have got uo
witli them bcfoie they could hsve react ed their
ports ; and rr.ade signals for the (hips u> form for
their ir.uunj/upportj.and engage the enemy a» they
came up. The Phaeton fired fcveral (hots which
the line of battle relumed from their (terns. I fol
lowed as far as I thought prudent, and then hauled
the wind. Soon af;er 1 saw three fail (landing in,"
I made the (ignal to chate, they ivere two French
frigates and a large Dutch built ship, in tow of orre
of them. They flood round U* end of
Bellile ; the hindmost (hip «ot within gun fW,
and fevcral were exchanged. '(lie King Fillier
fired (everal bcoad lules at the frigstes.; thev wrre
obliged to cart off flic (hip in tow and rounding the
point of .he iflarid we came upon a .onyoy, chiefly
btigs. Eight of tjjem were taken, hut the frigates
running in (hore among (hoals, the Triumph and
Phaeton having made Signals o nic of danger wc
we e obliged to give over the put Urn.
By what I can leai n the co' voy came from
Bourdtaux laden with wines and under tlie charge
of three lineof battle (hips, a'ndeight frigates, A brig
Corvette had anchored close in r.i.h thefoUth end
of the iflarid if the evening, whilit ilie frlgiitig weie
chafed at night. I Caj>t. Stopfo t< &jm
the Pheaton, to work in (hoie, and it he did ru>t
perceive any works to protett the- Corvette, to en
deavour to bring her our. He attempted it in the
morning, but they opened a battel v on the (hip
which he had not seen ; and the brig being clef
hauled infh e during the night, Cap-. Stopford
very properly thought it not an olject of confe
quencc to balance the Jof» the (hip «-ai likely to
sustain, and therefore returned having had one men
killed, seven wounded and two <>: his gins demount
ed. I find the vcffels have naval iloics as well as
wine ; the (Tiip has cannon, and I wnjerftand is
laden with naval and ordnance (lores.
Two Amciican vcfTtls, laden with provifjoiss of
different kinds have been detained litre by the
squadron, I fend them in by the King-Fifhrr 1
have ordered Capt. Gofaelin to join mc heie again
immediately.
Copy of a letter from Capt. Goffelin. 0/ his
Majesty's Hoop King-Fifiier, dated Falmoir.h,
June 24th, I 795, to Evan Nepean, See. to tiifc
Admiiaity.
You will be pleased to inform my Lords Com
miltioners of the Admiralty, of the arrival of his
majesty's lloop under my command, off this port,
and having (een the large ihip captured by Vice
Admiral Cornwallii's fqnadr«ti on the 7th inft. in
fafety : all the reft of the squadron parted company
with me 011 the 19th in a severe ga'e of wind.
I ani See
T. L. COSSELIN.
Extraß tf a Letter from ] ice Admiral Cornwailis, da
ted June K, 1795, on board trje Rey'aJSovereign, at
. sea, to Evan Nepean, Secretary to the Admiralty.
/ have the honor t0 itfoj m you, Jar the infotnititioji
of tlx lords Commiffiotiers of the Admiralty, that on tbt
i(,th, .in the morning, ftandivg in with the land near tht
Pen,narks, I Jem the Phattm ,1-head to look ow for am
of the enemy 4 Jhips on the <ouJl. I flood aft: r her msiia
the r.Jlof the Jhips : at 10 Jhe n.ade a /gnat for fee*
m $ f l jlrri a-h?cid t and a fterwards thai they <u ere of fv. -
fenor force;, upon her bringing to, J made a f & nul to
jaul the mind upon the ftarbeard tack*
sit this t:me I could fee the hulls as the Jirange
\ fads. Thirty were counted, and fame of them "had all
thtir Jails cut upon a u i/id to leeward of Uj . I Hood us.
on the fi'irboard tack *vith all our fails, k replug the
Jhips colleclea. Upon enquiring, by ftgnal, the enemy's
f°rce, capt. Stopfer.d anjiuered 13 line of katile Jhips,
14 frigates, 1 brigj and a cotter, in all 30 fail. A'ear
half of them tacked in fbore, in the afternoon the tv.nd
Jell very much and came round to the no) tJAcard, and
of courje brought those Jhips of the enemy which had
tacked to windward, ar.d tbe other laidup for us ; they
were seen in the morning before it teas day-light upon
bath quarters of the squadron.
fit nine in the morning one of the front line cj battle
ships began to fire upon the Mars ; their frigates were
arranged up c.breafl of us to windwurd, except one,
which kept to leeward axelran upon the larboard quarter
of the Mars ; then ya wed and fired, which was fre
quent and repeat id. This was the onty frigate that at
tempted any thing. A teaming fire with intervals was
kept up during the whole day ; in the evening they made
a show of a more serious attack upon the Mars, which
had fell a little tc leeward > and obliged me to bear up
for her supper t : this was their lafi effort —if any thing
deserves this appellation. Several Jhot were fired for 2
hours after, but they appeared to be drawing cj}\ arid
before the fun was set their whole fleet had tacked a?. J
was /landing from us : the Mars and Tr 'tumpb being
the flernmoji ships, were of course morp exp fifed to the
enemy s fire% and I cannot too much commend the Jpirit
ed conduct of Sir Charles Cotton and Sir Erasmus Gow*
er, the captains of those Jhips. Lord Charles Fitz eratd
also in the Brunfiwick kept up a very good fire from tie
after guns ; but thatfhip was obliged the whole time to
carry eyery fail. The Bellerophsw being nearly in the
fame circumflance I was glad to keep in-jo me ibeajute vi
reserve, having reason firjl to fuppofc there would be
full occafon for the utr.iojl exertion of vs all ; arid
rather a-htad of me *oas uoi a'Ae to fire much. I corjt
dered that Jhf as <f treujare in Jh , bai-.nf beard f
J