Gazette of the United States. ' PHILADELPHIA, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY \J For tks Gazette of'.be Uskild States I LITERARY INTKLtIG F.KC E» Isaac Wkld,jd:»r> ao Irilli gcntleman> j snd a well bred scholar, has prifeiifhed in Lon don his " Travels through the States of North America, and the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, during the years 1795, 1796, and 1797." This is a work entitled to a much greater (hare of attention, than has been defcrved by mod of the travels and tour* in America. It is the offspring of a man of observation and reflection, and in its course of narrative is neither broken, nor abrupt, nor lliallow an the one hand, n6r fwo'len and romantic on the other. In a Prehceof very becoming modelty the au tli, r ! 1 its s that at a time, when war was ™gj»£ in E.iropf, and rebellion and difcoh tent in Ireland, lie was induced to VfTit America, to investigate the truth of the cur rent accounts refpedting the latter country, and to chole, in cafe, of emergency, an eligible and agreeable abode. He declares that he wrote his remarks, without the rnuD riillaut intention of publishing them, but find ng, on h'n relnm to England that much of his information was new to his friends, and presuming it would be To to the public, he came to the resolution of print ing, £;c. rhisiaft .paragraph, we are con (trained to oiferve, i$ rather in the trite cant of autliorflnp. This affeited coyness v( writers has in the present age, a prudish and djlgufting air. Men areeafily induced t» quickly publish, what they have labori oully written ;*and the motives which urge Genius or Labour tq the press are more personal, than the fuggeltion of friends or the impatience of the public. Mr. W. pro ceeds to apprize his readers that if it shall •ppcar that lie has spoken with asperity of American men and American manners, he begs that such language may not be alcribed to hafly prejudice, and a blind partiality for every thing European. He crofied the At lantic (tiongly preptiflefM in favor of the people and country was about to visit ; ana if he returned with sentiments of a different tendency, they resulted solely from a cool and difpa(lienate observation of what chance presented to his view. The I'.Utlior, after exprfffing his admiration of the beauties of n.iture jn general, antL o£ American scenery in particular, men-' tions the different views and engravings, which adorn this volume. They were sket ched by hinifell, on the spot, with the ex ceptions of the view of Mount Vernon, and that of the Moravian fettlem'ent at Bethle hem. I'j'iefe pl,tes are very b autiiul. They are fixtepn in number, and are honorable to the, designer, and the engraver. They are faithful. I'he firfl is a view of the Rnck Bridge in Virginia—2d, A Plan of the City of Washington—3 1, A View of the Potowmac from Mount Vernon—4th, A View of Mount Vernon—sth, A (ketch of an Americaif ?tau:c-waggon setting off from a village Inn—6.ll, View of Cohcz Full— 7th, A Plan of the City of -bee Bth, View of Diamond on the Rivtr St. Law renc —9th, Ueprefentation ■f a Cana dian CulitOi, or Marche Done.— isth, An eve fkettli of the Falls of Niagara—ll th. View of the .Horfc-Shor F .11—. zth. View of the lt-fler F-.11 12th, View of the Fall? 14til, \ lew of Bethlehem a Moravian set tlement 15th, A new map of Upper and Lower Canada—l6th, Map of pait »f the U;tited States. To the lover of prints these plates wilfbe peculiarly The view ol the stupendous R >ek Bridge of Virginia, and the different representations of Niagara Falls, are all exquifitly beautiful. In the plate, which exhibits one of our flige coaches, departing/from a country inn yard, the sketch of tbe adjacent landscape will ghe an European a very diflinA idea of the fore ft grofcnd, fences, roads, and general alpcft of whit Americans calls " anew fet tleinent." The writer of this article is en titlcJ, lrom a lonj* rtfidence, amid the wild ia I's of luch fequelfcred scenery, to pronounce Mr. V/eldV (ketch of ruggrd and romantic ground, a refemblapce, which has its exact archtype in nature. The gloomy and aspi ring- wo d, the unequal. road, the zig tag fenc, the lpw tavern, with its angular root, and rude portico, the sprawling and e:.ag gerated Eagle, depending from the lign post, the reient wheat fieid, squalid with (tumps and with half burned and smouldering pines, arc all accurate 'pictures of our sylvan inte rior. The two plates which Mr. W. pro cured from a friend, we think are inferior to Wis own. In the View of Mount Vernon, the feat of General is strangely thrult into a corner, and has a very clumsy ar.d inelegant appearance refem'ollng the butch of a swine herd, r ither than the villa ol a gentleman. In the View of Bethlehem the river scenery of the Leheigh is pretty, but 111 the representation of the houses and lull fide of the Moravians, there seems to be an error in tie perfpc'dYive. The author concludes his Preface with apprizing the reader that thefu Travels are the production of a very youthful pen, unaccultomed to write a great de..l, far lei's to write for the pre Is. Here again is a little alteration, and J a fort of virgin timidity of authorship. For ' an apology of his diction there is no need. He is a manly, pure and/perlp'ictious writer, and lii> fhle always neat, frequently rises, particularly in his defc.ripii si.l 9, to the ani mated and elegant, Hii title page is a 'misnomer. "'t ravels through the States of North America." Hence the racier is led to ekpedt that Mr. W. has visited nil the States, put on examination i: Terms his travels were retrained to l'cunfylvania, De- laware, Maryland, Virginia, New JeVf,yar.J New York.— Of New England he makes no mention. Hence, many of his general con dufions, refpefting America, illuit b; erro neous, for Mr. W. is toj correft a scholar to affirm that from parti*! preihifcs an abso lute afTertien may 'b4 mude, confidently with the rules of ordinary dialetlic. Belides, to iulifl on this topic a little longer, it is not clear that Mr. W. does not trespass up. on ethical principles, fly the title he has chosen to employ, liis readers must cert iinly < underftartd it in ml limited feiife. They infer that he lias traversed aliour territory. But lie has not. He excites a well ground ed expedition in the reader, which it is not in die author's power te>gratify. It is to be regretted that the northern quarter of,the union was not fully explored, by this intel ligent traveller. It wolrld have led to mure Cathrlc.fm, and though the inquifitiveneis ot Maffuclutfetta and Conne£h<;ut have tormented a relerved Engliihmaii, drill lie would have found there many habits and principles, not uncongenial with bis own. This volume opens with the Author's ar rival Ht Philadelphia. An accurate defcrip tl on of that city, its public edific.es, its-man ners and amufeme;Vts next fuccecds An account of tiie rife and progress of the Fe deral City is intertfling, and derived from authentic lourccs. Some political reflexions are interspersed in this put of our traveller's narrative. Speaking of the oppofitioii to many ol the late Pref.detit's mrafuies, he idds, " It is spirit of difTatjifatfion, which forms a leading trait in the chararter of Americans, as a people, which produces this malevolence at present, judas itdid former ly ; and if their public affairs were regulated by a per foil lent from Heaven, I firmly be lieve his aits, instead sf meeting with uhi verfil approbation, would by many be ctm fidercd as deceitful and fbgitious. This m irk of Mr, W. eT'ry man will fesl to he jtifl, who observes the acrimonious p-rrfecu- J tion, and immoderate' jealouly exercifrd by I the bulk of our citizens acaind every admi- I nifliation, of their own choice. The Author sometimes writ's in the i ; fptenctic spirit of Dr. Smollct and of M.it j thew Bramble. peevifluiefsis frequent- i ly provoked by the badr.efs of onr roads and j inns ; by the petty knavery of jbtkits and • fwirullers ; by the low, and crooked cunning ■ cf our bargain makers, and by the general • inquisitiveness of a recent and rural people. , For all tlrfe charges, the last excepted, the I writer of this article "will attempt no apolo-' Lgy"; no, list the flighted. Our inns and 1 roads are the terror bf every traveller, and i wiih reipeft to Our t'icAs of avarice, he j'.would think himfelf dishonored by attempt ing to extenuate the foul disgrace of his COUNTHY. On' the contrary, he ex ults that men of honor and cavaliers, that men of moral fenttment, and principle con cur in applying the knife, and caustic, and blider ot reproof to this gjngrene, this can ker of "the State. Bitter reproach will per haps beg-t thorough reformation, and re move the foul llain that in money matters, many Anerir ins . r- R?t e.\C'-ed-d .in can- I niriA" traltinels and greediness of gain, by ;■ the fly B rmudian, cr the (harking buctw , iieer.* For the inquifitivenefs of the country people some defence can be made. It ge nerally results, tbe writer is confident, from a more 1 udable motive, than Mr W. has thought proper to allien. He supposes ev ery quelt on lo be the offspring of merce nary dclign, of idle, impertinent, and pry ing curiosity or of lliberal fu'picion. This is. sometimes, true. But many, indetd mod of our inceflant qoerifts in country inns and on the road, and at Poft-OfEces propose their interrogatoriesto theimpatient traveller with an honed desire rf obtaining ufefirk information. The mind of Mr. W. must be too liberal to attempt quenching 'his kind of third ; and his recolleftion will easily lead him to that passage in Plato, where lie makes the asking of whys and «wherefores one of tbe kaft fallible signs of ' a liberal aspiring and learn-d youth. The following is Mr. W's chaiafler of 'the American vulgar. His pencil is h rfh, but it is doubted whether his piftiire is a carrirature. "In the United States the Tower clafles of people will return rude and impertinent anfwejS to quedions, couched inthe mod civil terms, and will insult a per son, who bears the appearance of a gentle man, on purpose to fiiew how much t'-ey consider themselves on an equality with him. They to thi'ik civility incompatible with freedom and that th re to n»" other way of convincing a ftrrngerthat he is really in a land of liberty, bu by being surly, and ill mannered in his prefence-'' The auhor sneers at the prodituu'on of military titles in every petty and unwarlike ; village ; a circumdsnce which grows out of ■ our filly acd inordinate attachment to the an < dabliflim, r.t specious, but bung ling, nugatory ;»r.d weak, and the jell of Washington and every \eteran soldi tr. "In every, part of America, a Eu ropean is f'uiprifed at finding so many men with military titles, ard dill more so at fee ing fu h numbers of th m employed-in ca pacities, apparently so inconfifkr.t with tliei't rank , for it is nothing uncommon to fee a cap'ain in the fhap- of a waggoner, a coiorel the driver of a ft»ge '•oach, and a e rerd dealing out pent y ribbon behind his I counter." (To be Continued.) '* Thr following lints from Churchill'*. *' Gholt" correflly dtp til an American Qprtu- ' , " By long nft Wd In e»fry ill, winch brings him g"M, Whohil Kc'tirocr wi.uld pu ldowrr f And lelt'hii Cc A tor h»!f a iri *r ; Who, il ( m- M<>rl,hfid (hn>ld t* villiup To Itn! him pa bit font, • foiling— A vieij ntait iarytrn w uld eft. fw if, AnU tuvt more fcule tiuo t redeem it.". POLITIC A J.. From fie Connecticut Couijamt. No. Illi 71 tbe People of tbe United" Stales* Ma. JEFFERSON includes his chapter 011 toleration, by the following paflage— " From tne conclusion of this war, we (hall be going down hill. It will not. then be ne cefTary to resort every moment to the peo ple for support. They will bs forgotten, therefore) and their rights disregarded. They will forget thenvf'lvs?, hut in the lole faculty of miking money, and will ne ver think of uniting, to ess. £\ a due refpeft lor 1 be (hackles, ".hrrefore, which* . (ball not be knocked of} at the conclusion of this war, will "riinaiu on ns long, will be made heavier, an i'heavier, 'till our rights fliaK revive, or expire in coftvyllion.'*!A | fentinvnt is here ut'rred, which itwillap ! scar governs Mr. J fferfon in all i.is piftti cal cmv.liidL " I l:e (hackles which are rot | knocked off at the close of the war, will re j main'oh uslcng { will grow heavier and heavier, 'till our rights revive, or expire in I a coilvuilton." That is, my c.cintryinen, j you arr sb weak, so ihe roe nary, fa depraved, 1 that.you y:i!l in the firft place negledl your j rights ; an 1 when once neglefted,' there is nu other mode of reviving them, than by a Oonv'ulfion— -r-in'other words a lievoluiiuf. Ait you prepared to fuhlcribe to this senti ment ? Are the people who voluntarily adopted the present Federal Constitution, twelves years ago, esrinfl ? And -with them »11 the virtue and wisdom of the nation ? They are not'extinft—many of them, at lsa(V, and their virtues are still alive. And should they become persuaded, th'at their present form of government is inadequate to ' the great purp-.fes for which it was designed, ! th-y will d'evife means to amend, or alter it, j unless prevented by the arts, and pra&ices ! of thole, who openly prof-fs to believe, that i'uch amendments, and alterations, nuiflbe made by a Convuifion. It will bt obfcrved, that Mr. Jeffcrlon speaks without any heli tation, without any doubt—" they trill re main—'till our rights shall revive," See. It ij an eftablilhed dodtrine with him ; one that bis been tried and pioved. A few years afterwards, we (hall find, that the sentiment is more openly, and toldly ivowed.' Heae it was only a ftrearti, by tracing which, we shall explore our way into an ocean, bound less, and tempestuous, agitated by uiiceafing dorms, and tinged with the blood of all na tions on whose (hares its waves are permit ted to d.(h. How dangerous is it to fay to a 1-rge na tion, that there is no mode of reviving the spirit, or altering the form, of a govern ment, but by a convuls 'on ! This is precise ly the doftrine, which has been.taught in all countries whose governments have been termed despotic, and (jiranr.icat, efpeeially in Great-BritaiD. Whether it be jufl as it refpedU them, is not .my province to deter mine. I .fhouUi hardly expeft that the man, who is proud of the title of " The Man of tilt People.," would at a fhoke of his pen, difti out all the integrity, public spirit, and virtue of thole' Very people, even if he fup pof;d that tli'V were in fa£t so debated, so depraved, as he seems to hold them. How ever, it is fartonafe, that hypocrisy cannot easily be supported for a great length of time. Human nature is incapabfe of per petual redraint. It is difficult to chain the body—but it is incomparably more, so to (bain the mind. Mr. Jcfftrfon did not utter this fentimcnt, bee a use he dreaded that " Convulsion," whifch is neeeffarily to follow the neglt-ft of our Mtfh'.s. To eftablilh this afkrtion, let ue now re sort to a source, which has been often exa mined, but which cannot be examined too often. I allude to the letter to Mizaei. Here we lhall find, why Mr. Jcffsffoii fays in his " Notes on Virginia," that •' our rights will revive, or expire, in a convul sion.'' What men ardently wish for, tfft-y are very apt to believe will take place ; ef \ pecially when they have such geod grounds for their faith, as Mr. Jefferfun had ill this itilhnce. He very well knew, that the arts of a demagogue always were, to apply to the strongest pafUoiuof men, for support—- that :he wny so elHblilh himfelf in the shair of Rate, would be, to p rfuadt the people, that he was their exclusive friend —and that ail their other rulers were their enemies, dishonest in their pra£tices and tyrannical in their hearts, He well knew, that when it fliould become liecrffary to change, modify or renew a government, men like himfelf, would easily inflime the poorer clafles of people, with ideas of oppression, and when i once inflamed, it would be no difficult talk to cause their rights, at lead, to expire in a convulsion. Now, let it be, remembered, that the " Notes on Virginia," were published be fore the formation of our Federal Constitu tion. When that event took place, Mr< Jefferfor. saw his favorite sentiment com pletely falfifkd- Our rights revived with out a Ctiivulfeon, and a Norm of government was c-ftablifhed, which bid fair to secure th?m againlt the future attemp3 of such dif' rganizers, as he was well acquainted with. Is it tlrange then, that he (hould pro>e a foe to tbat Constitution, which thus cut off nf his hopes ? Accordingly the tirll thing Mr. Jtfferfon complains of, in his let ter to Mazzei, is, that—" of that Republican Government, which carried us through the dangers of tke war, a party has aiifen, whose avowed objedl i 3, to im pose on us ihefubjlance, as they dy given us the jorm of the Britifti Govern ment-" Wi'a\ is that Mr. Jefferf »n is here cmplai ing of ? 7kut vie have given up the Confederation, and ejla'.lifhed the Federal Con- Jiitut on. That is. we had gone doiun hill from theclofe of the war, 'till 1787, under the confcdcraiion, which afforded u3 no pro :c£ticn, no security ; when conscious :tiai we should in a fliort time, be expiring in a convuifion, the people, who Mr. Jeff rfon fays will forget every thing but getting mo ney, contra y tothe forebodings of "the man of the people," coolly, wifely, and virtuonf ly, agreed to revive their government, to'tth out a convuifion, aud accordingly established th: Federal Constitution. To this Conftituti tion, Mi Jefferfongivesthemoftodiousoame he can find—" the Britijb Government." All ourdemocrats/>ro/V/j to loveourconftitution. Mr. Jefferfon makes the famc profejfion. But here are his sentiments drawn from a private letter of friendfhip to an Italian ; a letter which, undoubtedly, the writer expected would be kept fee ret. From such a fonrce we may rationally expedt to drrive the truth; because few people piay the hypocrite, when converting familiarly with a bosom friend. It is in public, in pursuit of ambition, in the poffllion of places of power, and profit, that we are to look for difgu'le, and fraud. Mr. Jeff.i Ln decltres our Federal Ccnfti tutioiLo monarchy ; and yet, he is very wit linglo accept of offices under it. He has willingly enjoyed two lucrative places under it, he is now ready graciously to accept a third, worth only 25,000 dollars ayear. And r.ttfier than to lose these offices, he is capa ble of taking oath after oath, to fnpport that monarchy. j It may be laid that though he did not ap prove of the Conftftution at firft, his cool ness, by a long acquaintance, has warmed into a flame of admiration. We have not yet finifhed with this letter Mazzei. An answer will be found there. Among the par ty who were in favor of the Federal Consti tution, and which wr.s composed of such men as Gen. Walhington, &c. Mr. Jeffer foil fays were—" all timid persons, who prefer the calm of depotism, ta the tempestu ous sea of Liberty." At thjs time, mod clearly, Mr. Jefferfon had no friendfliip for the Constitution ; for the lift of charters which he enumerates, ;>a being its friends, does not comprise him. Indeed so far is he from including himfelf, or any of his party, that he conGders its friends as being pleased with the Calm of Despotism, which he ot til things dislikes. But, the truth is more ob vious from the next fenter.ee of the letter. " They"—that is the friends of the Consti tution—would wrest from us our Liberty, but we shall preserve it. It is fufficient that we guard ourselves, and that we break the Li'liputian ties by which they have bound us," Mr. Jefferfon here explicitly declares, that the friends »f the Federal Constitution are endeavouring to wrest from the people of the United States, their Liberty. How ? Cer tainly, by supporting the Constitution ; be cnufe, he fays, " -we," that is himfelf and his party have nothing to do, but to d.-ftoy the Lilliputian tie, viz. that very Federal Constitution. < Here, then, we have the. fummir.g up of Mr. Jefferfcm's meaning, when he speaks of Liberty, the calm of Despotism, and loving the Federal Constitution. His Liherty is licentiousness his calm of Despotism is the beneficent effedts of our Federal Government —and his love of the Constitution, is a stea dy determination to. destroy it, asfoon as the means are in his power. It appea\s to me, that the result of the whol* will be that Mr. Jefferfon has long felt a deadly hostility against the Federal Constitution. The remaining branch of the proportion will next be considered. BURLEIGH. WAYNE COUNTY TAXES. 'T'HK owners of unimproved lands in Wayne * county, are fc»reby norifitd, that Taxes are become payable thereon for the years 1'99 and 1803. ThoTe who have not already paid their taxes, re here'iy required to discharge the fame to JO -IN BRINK, Esquire, Trcafurer of said Count fat Milford, within three months from thisda r otherwise proceedings to sale, according to the .& of /: ffembly in such cafe provided, will be had oy the Commissioners for the said county. . .sa Stenton, ~l obn Cotton, > Comrfiiflioners abannes Van Etten, J At-.eft, E. Keilogg, Clk. July 9, ißco d 90t & Book-keeper WANTED. WA NTED a complete Book Keeper and. Ac comptanc, who is matter of the German language, and well acquainted with the manner of iraafaiting business in this city—to save trou ble. none need apply utilefs answering in every ref pe& fully this advertifemcnt, and produce fatis faclory teflimnnials of chara&er and talents. Apply at the office of the Gazette of the Uni. ted States July 15. d4t Twenty Dollars REWARD. DESERTED from the Ma ine Bariackson the Bth inrtant, the following Marines, viz— JOHN STEEL, horn near Hrafldy Wipe in Chester county, by profi ffi >n a Tailor. He is 15 y ars of age, five feet eight inches high, grey eyes, light brown hair,thin visage and fallow com plexion—had oij a ronrd hs.t, brown fiik coat, nankeen breeches, and other decent cloathing. Frederick Fry, born in Germany, hut came to America very vo ing, about tliirry fix ye.'rs of age, - Wi;*