1. «• / " « *>•«.• vr-vr —■ rgW.!»T|?jg3r-aCTr/ti;jt>3a.r-wr*jrmcarww Gazette of the United States. ' 1 rmLADBz?i:iA, ,vrrnx!•■»!. a-y ir::s:sc. jslv*. l'llicts OF STACKS. PuiLMJSLPH lA, JvKE.;7, 8 per C-'fit Stock for call) ioj t» to 4 ' r »■* pjr Oiot. do. 84 %• J ~ Navy Jo. Jo. 84 S. 3 Three pri-Cent. do. 51 By-" !>el>rrt:d, - do, 8 j T-*r* 13 •W*K Unite i do. ,y" ), t rcnnfyluiaii, <|<£H » 7 < L North An.ccica, I > Wffy V 1 * cotnp. terrrVVto'ic per c. r.t W pat. rtituv.-., a? t-> 50 per cf.i t. ndv Baft-India Company 0/I*. A. 7 percent adv.tnce Land W rrant#, 75 doll*. per sco a£r**. COURSE OF EXCHANGE BiiUori '*on« ac 30 duy§ for cafli 1711 2 per ct. Po. do. 60 day# do. 170 a. 171 do Do. do. 90 days do Bills 011 Hamburgh at 60 days 33 j.j a 34 c ts. . per Mark Banco D®. in Amilerdam, 60 days 39 a 40 cts. per Florin. fCT* n'flerday, the Gaz-tte groansd un der the load of news. To day, studious of variety, the matter is so changed, that even the yawning lounger may allow that its ♦' yoke is easy, and its burden lightWe are trurly lolici'tous to giatif'y all; and once or twice a week a Literary column flialj be devoted to the contemplations of the flu. dious, and to the merriment of the jocund and gay. MARRIED] —At Carlisle, P. by the Rev. Dr. Robert Davidfon, Licu{. Hugh H. foils, of the late oth United States regiment, to Miss Bttfy Hughts, daughter of John Hughes, Elq.of that borough. ' » Saturday evening last by the Rev.Dr Heimuth, Mr John M'Kni ht, to Miss Catharine Stall, both of this city. DlED]—at Civetta Vecchia, in Italy, in the month of March last, Mrs. Henri, ettc Tt r-sa M strove. Sar'.ori, daughter of Mrs. Either Mufjrrave, of this city, and wife of John Baptifte Sartori, Esq. Consul of the United States at Rome—in the 27th year of her age. THERM©METRICAL OfcSERT TIO N. CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, (In the (hade) Jv ir 4, 1800. At noon 79 degrees, Fahr«nheit. July 5 83 do. July 6 85 do. July 7 88 do. July 8 84 do. ExtraS of a letter from John Morton, Ffq American Consul at Huvsnna to the Secre tary of State, dated Havauna 2 Ift of Mat, 1800. It is with much concern I announce to you, fir, that (if.ee my lad, the yellow fe ver has commenced its rav ge« among our countrymen at this place. A number of seamen* and several persons, wh® resided on store have already fallen vi' Aims to that dreadful jjifeaf ; and several are now under the hacds of the physician." The love of novelty is very finely dif phyed in the sentiment contained in a toafl drunken, or a drunken tonfl, at a late meeting in the Northern Liberties. " May afpeedy ehange take place in every department of go vernment." How many changes do the gentlemen of the Northern Liberties wish in a day ? Are they not a little afraid that they would he affe&ed with a vertigo, a fort of sea sickness, amid this incessant •whirl of revolution ? " Be my fhoul," said Pat, after a ramble throu; h the fubuibs of the city on Friday evening last, " be my (houl, but militiamen is dam plenty in this.fountry, for faith the gu tert is full of them." The United States (hip Herald, lately failed from St. Thomas with a fluet. But ter was felling there at 1 dollar pe« lb. Colonel Jarres Martin, of Stokes county, North-Carolina, is a candidate for the dif trift composed of the counties ot Iredell, Surry, Stokes and Rockingham, for an EleAor of President and Vice-Prefidcnt, Should he be chosen, he will support the present Chief Magidrate, and some other Federal charsfter. To Jo $! tb B. Mc Keam Some time has elapsed since the following qocdions were proposed to you ; lead you mtght not have seen them, they are ag»in pnblilhed, and full time Hull be gives for a reply, which, if you think proper, fliall be publilhfd in this Gazette.—.Remember, Sir, you are plared iri a high office under the State Government of Pennsylvania, and the queries now proposed, if ani'wered in the affirmative, render you unqualified for your flation. It' you do not answer, it will be a fair conclufio.iv that you are guilty, and your silence wijl in,tlace me to propose a quedion of a more ft rious nature. Query I. When a man is appointed Attorney General of the date of Pennfyl va&ia, does he on oath declare he will sup. p.jRT the Laws ? 11. Is it confident with his duty as an attorney general to advise thg good people to opppfeany tax legally imposed ? 111. Did you ordid you not aJvife a gen tleman of this City who is opposed to the'tax for watering Dhe city, to continue his op pofiri-en, asd to rcfufe fnbiiiffiion to that law .' MAD DOo* We avt i-<f-r:md that a fay was bhtea ih g bv ri Mad Dog- at the corner v-hefnut and SciJßnd Streets-He fazed tfi .ioy by the wi ill and '-early torehis hand of - „TJ'-e tytpifpiL Campo died on ii < .tat- in .-pain, about the middle of Marc ~AH - '-.ia- ' "*' A letter D Porter o the Amphitheatre,tender, now a' the Fort ftSVes that, a Northern Tc'r.r which arrive* # fNSPoi's, 11.formed 'hnt tbefeho ! nner Sm ft .'y, raptain Perry, of a fro a . V.i3|p>rr, and for PhJlad. < V. fror Caps Francois v.-as crew f»ved. The fchoorJ was bo MR! lat. 32 by the French U«| >n and after tsking some provilTOTß permitted Uer to proceed. A late Lond">» paper observes that a let ter from Lilbon states that the Spaniards seem more serious in their designs upo . Por tugal, and they undcrftand two or three Spanish regiments had a&ually taken pof session of a post on the frontiers, which they are to maintain if possible till the fr.ain body, which report states is 60,000 men, fliall artive. The Aurora of July 3d last, has the fol lowing 01 fervation, " Attfrnics of Diftrids, such 3s Luther Martin, and Judges, such as Chafe, art eager, a» blond hounds, after the scent of a man, who has talents and iy tegrity to expole public &c. Jalper moll fnrely tell a lie* for the fake as lying when he states Mr. Martin to be a Distriil Attorney, That gentleman has for more than twenty years, held the office of /ttarney Genera! of the State of Maryland ; ' the duties of which office he has uniformly executed with an integrity, which hath set at defiance even democratic censure. He 1 doth not, nor did he ever hold an appoint- j ment under tlie government of the United j State*, nor is there an appointment in its 1 power, which could be for his interest to accept. 1 .. M '* . ' :' .. • I A f & &S pc<H.>rs. A. pjWlmuton*that w :Habntem ia P !a,td wi:h-dtlight bjr t!u )f li.llitntioii, as th- unit ( Fan i tuiroved fyf_ ic was coi.HJ ._-d by them, I', only-as a new argument the jer.nz- Unality of the f til. •s 1 f,e lentimcou oMan EsTER, wjyich h '• ave lot.'ly sjftpear-jd in the True. Ambii. Gan, seem so hap bc-> lift iifijthe fame mould asthofe of the French pbiWopbeß, ,f though on a differed fuKjeit. ' fhey refoltc , a charge „f m raHv.bi'tsiito the mere eff;a ! d°? me.'>n ; .'•* disc ,vers the or ' !. gin of wars civil d-ift.-rd, and peftilenoc in t ■, the conditiiiion of the a'mefphcre.. Botii 1 tend eq-ia'ly to the wild and pctni- i Prc"»" s <>■ rt»n M ~f lied fats and materia- v jjhtm.- £»* ] t •I r . ' ' : ' v °" r "" I '' v anceflor#, be- I v HP W ~ TC bcwild'-f'd ivith tin's new 1 flight; if famine aid pdli.oce attendfe or e iucc eded.devaftitijg *v:t^ f it was general- a! Iy supposed ifiat the labours of the farmer *' , had been negLdkd, or wafted, in order to support the belligerent armies; and that icauty and unwli Itfwme d et, together with F ! quarters, and of the ficlc and wounded, had produced camp, or other malignant fevers ; and men comforted them selves with believing that, on the return of peace, these evils would cease with their caiifea. They i cver enquired whether the atmosphere was impregnated with more or less of oxygenous gas ; anJ had any person ' told them that war and ptftilence had their source in a malignant air, they would have conligned him, very to a dark chamber,and the care of afurge'on barber. Not so reason the illumined soW of the prrtent time. I hey will tt'll you verygrave | Iy, that war and pestilence are bptb effefts of one and the fane cause, " air inflamma tory constitution of :le atmosphere." From a frequent conconiitaney," to use the very words of the writer in tlie True Ame rican, u war has been coufideredby many as .the cause of pthilencc ; this is, however, a very loose and iuconclulive liiode of reason ing. May not the fame condit'on of the t 0 j air, which preu:fpolt:s the human fyllein to i inflammatory diseases, punluce an unusual land morbid irascibility of temper, and thus t . lay the foundation of discord and war ? In pestilential periods, the human paflions ap pear to have been, at all times, pretematu- I | ie rally .fubjed to become turbulent'and ftor-j b- '• May not the violence of puny f irk 1 in our own tountry, as well as thecxtermi fe ' nating war in Europe, proceed ill part, from e . a kind of delirium, excited in-the human ir : ty that malignant constitution ofthe I atmosphere, which contributes to the pro t ! du£lion of pestilential epidemics,, f 1, i . Stak extnrvaganc rant as this, r.t any time but the present, would hardly deserve -g a '-liouß animadversion ; but when such ir unwearied pains are taken, to subvert the j_ foundation of all phylleal anj' moral truth, f and to give the wild eft range to. hypothesis ■ and conjedlure ; when thvic sophiAs viry their means-os deception, l>y lo many artful II difp-uifes ; and the people are so eaLrer to £ embrace e very novelty, thatttndj to remiv? , ancient landmarks of truth, morality, j and good order ; itbecon-.es an irkforoe duty , to take some notice, even of such ridiculous nonfctife. If the French revolution,- with all its horror?, were produced by a morbid (late of the atmolphere ; if the faflions, seditions, and infuneaions which have diQrafted the t United Ststes, were owing to a similar j caule ; the people of both countries were ! paflive machines, and oFcourle were as in | nocent, in their various a£ls of rebellion, f alTiflinatiotis, robberies, and murders, as s thty were ot the fin of creating a yellow fe ver: for both were produced by ,l an in -9 flammatory constitution of the atmosphere ; bot h, according to this hypothesis, were ef fe&s ot the irresistible laws sf matter and motion. It inuft therefore be aggravated tyranny to punilh men for any crimes they commit, Gnce they can no more aveid it j than they can prevent the fun from shining It is fuperfluous to observe that where, such an opinion is embraced, it inuft tend to .remove from the mind of man all sense of refponfibity, as a moral agent, and to fur nifh him with an easy apology for all the evil he may perpetrate, however, deftruiStive ot private and social happiness. if this doftrine were true, pardon the absurd supposition, reader, it would be possible " to excite inthe mind ideas, emotions, and affeft iens of every kind, by the mere application of matter ; f.mpl'es may be discovered, or compounds l»rmed, which will produce the fame effects, with the-various ohjefts of hope and fear, of joy and sorrow." A time may come, when an Apothecary will be ahle to prepare a potion, to create either love or hatred, peace or war, honour or disgrace ; and to manufafture an honed man, or a scoundrel, a Walhington, or a Buonaparte. But I will not infi.lt the reader with tedious remarks on this philosophical gib. berilh. lam almost ashamed I have writ ten so much, for I am fully persuaded the preat bulk of the citizens of the United States detefl such jargon molt fiticerely that they (till reverence the religion, and the plain good sense of old times; that they are disposed not only to worship like their grand-fathers, but, like them also, to realon frpm the evidence of fafts and experience. ! 1 o convince tliefe antiquated gentry that the phenomena in queflion were produced by a malignant constitution of the atmosphere, ' when they njay be fA easily traced to a very ! different source, will require more skill than the Illuminati of France, and their Ameri -0 rte n L How ir w r i ump to ? eth vi Thi * wiflied to difrard corporal puuithments altogether . fhor ll'l-hT f !? ?'*• the cu from the difcip u ict schools. But take notice read ! tk' ki V '■ ory of the M eflern Infurreamn »r, th. fame man, who felt so P h,l r ° fo P^ a! fpeakin? of the caule the poft«riors of a truar.t fchool-bcy conH with r u ,nrurr f. a,on ' f->y» " was a great mistake to | the utmoll fang(roid, pursue a p-or Pdntir and "i f lC"^tart<u!mt,fedit.oitsf?intoftteFeo hi- family to the verge of ruin, for on'y lagoon ft ' V ° Win? t0 , hi» profeffional errors. » n 7l»®7<x>n- the extreme heat,of the dog-dap m the summer of and For ,ht G * z * rr * of 'he Ut/irtD Surer -"h illuminatism. If there is any thing that surpasses the r<onfenfe and impiety of the new Philofo t P h 7. •' 16 'he impudence am) the daring of its proud disciples. It is fufficient for these conceited fophills, that opinion ha< re ceived the fanflion cf agts, to excite in their irreverent minds doubts of its credibility. For as truth is not the object of their re searches, but something new and wonderful, fonu' hing that will gratify a third for fame, virum uotitare pgr ora, they seldom give themselves much corcevn about evidence or argument ; or when they do, they are al r way? more ready to reject than adopt th« re . 'ruth, because, (he wears the matron like, ■ fuber gnrb of antiquiiy. ' So strong is the rage for novelty with all these philoiophical gentry, that one of the to mod cautious of them, in a treatifc he pub lifted some time ago on education, exprefled ' U ' a w '<h that it were poflible to etlablifli °, schools in the United States, 14 to teach the Art of Forgetting."* I suppose he meant, lat only to reach others this Angular art, while £r himfelf was foffercd to remember all that he had evei learned ; that he might appear the greater prodigy of wisdom to his ignorant neighbours. It is a little lingular, and deserves re- j marking, that whenever a spirit of anarchy ' y and rebellion (hakes the government of dates empires, something of this antipathy J® to the theorems of ancient wisdom prevails with equal fury in the literary world. O at mar, the Arab an revolutiotiift, burnt the n Alexandrian Library as ufclefs lumber We know what a'tempts the French Van dals havt made, since the beginning of their mad revolution, to destroy every vestige of science as well as of government :—And l > when the Fanatics of last century had over n turned both Church and State in Great- K Britain; had murdered their king, and ' defpoilfd the hierarchy ; they changed ery thing they could, and at length propo y fed to burn all the records in the Tower, in order, as they modestly alledged, that the nation might begin the world anew. The motion we are tcld was lojl on'y by a few , '' votes. j Tais pestilent Se£t, though on the whole 1 ' it is a modern and original charafter, par- ( " takes iu no (mall degree of the ferptie and I the matcriclijl of the ancient heathen fcho. Is. s c Some of the cleared axioms of human fci- ( r ence they spurn from tham with contempt ; \ and, in order to fubilitate something that j has the appearance of novelty, in the place s of what they denounce as ancient errors, ( they are not afhan ed to borrow, even from u the absurd and impious whims of Epicurus; t 1 and to as ribe to inert matter some of the t a nobled offices of delign and contrivance. t " When Volnty and Talleyrand, two apof- f , ties of the new philosophy, visited the Phi- J ~ ladflphia Prison, and were informed that t ■ hard labour, scanty diet, and solitary champ " hers had effefted a reformation in some of a r the convi&s; one of these missionaries turn- g 1 ed to the otfeer with an air of triumph, and si r declated that he had never seen a clearer de -1 monftration of the truth of materialism tl A common observer would have supposed a I that the reformation, where it reallyjfxifted, « ■ was operated by a sense of fuffering, by fe- d . rious refleftion, a' dby theabfence of temp- tl tation. Not so thought these metaphysical j f * n<• art 17 fTIII nn f U >_../! . , . ■ . i •V<&> u.iqucfttonah'e proofs of the ford-;, m»ic tl ll„«„ n r 'iJWtypa of th: yellow fever • and wliiief Vincent'■ si!'! f' V y br « J uno » _ v, 'iy man who has relj !trd m the LTuicd nlrii i ' i J. 0 '" J ama,ca 10 Philadel- States for the last 20 or *0 years is fn G r I ****/*? a P ' oC P fron ' Jamaica to N. I*hat the Sir, infhad S?t St Jr Ju "r 21 ° ff ** Ant a nio, * really become more temp, rate "aS 7 f'f' ftT'" " *** «"««» ou * A ftlohriom; it'will not be in ,|" Z r 1 aj J l4 l¥ «»3^ rophi:}, y> >. 0 ' ?■ :i e I l rre';'; e ';' V '"C* him tint the* Irs o Europe,or thi •faflions of this coun- by a New ft£J££ »r£fT !) "5 1 r ;W 1 ?»?< f ° fapcifnl and extraordinary , afßortL, 7 P * U * ,mvctt ' v '"' "I" Jlt,,,n i turbulence, and a.rage tor Scl.oonei"Switt Penv ,f ,r tss s&Tte. Mun Wtn —*<*" ' 1 , baltimoke; July J. -optipn . of. manners and princ.pbs, which ! c, ' 'ARRIVED,'. - Days conflitutes the morbid chirafter of the age • ™ %? Foi '' ca P ta ' n "t 6 days from andijot fny physical revolution, or peftilen- e „ w " Pr °^nce. tul qualities in the air of Fifr ip or America. ! r : Nar <7- «pt. Obear, 6f Norfolk, NO INNOVATOR. company with us. A number of J American vessels were carried in there, but [ remember none except the brig Calliope 4nd Volunteer, of Ncw,York. Spoke a schooner belonging to N. Pro iad the crew of the brig Guardian, captain steve nfon of Baltimore on board, that had >een cast away on Elbow Key. Arrived, (hip Rein Deer, capt. Froll, lays from Bremen ; Left in Bremen the hip Traveller, captain Billups, to fail in one day after the Rein beer, for this port. JP General Greene, captain Weft, failed 8 days before the Rein D.cr, for Baltimore —spoke the brig Mary, captain Alfxander Brannan, from Norfolk, bound to Liverpool all well. r - . the fjrf cm, For tie Gazstte of the Unites States Letter I. TO THOMAS JEFFERSON, Vict frrfidtnt of the Unite J Slltci. Philad : July 5, 1800. Sir, r „ AS >-° U are a candidate for the Supreme e Magiftraey of the United States, a know. Is of y°« r charafter and qualifications becomes a fubjea of great importance to e every lover of his country—Had you been - c ° ntl i nt have moved in the humble walks s of private life and never interfered in politi ; cal concerns, I would not have troubled you . cr the public with these fetters, since your . vices or your virtues could have had but - Li elation to our national happiness; j You might then, Sir, have Aided down the i f u "" re "t of life in obscurity, and at lead have nad the consolation to know that your de , tommies were hidden from the world. But, ' a \, , J°? have a PP earc d °n the flage of I public life in a variety offituations, and now . otter yourfvlf as a candidate for the Prefi deiicy, you will please excuse the liberty I take to investigate a character, which, from a falie opinion of, your country may perhaps confide her dearelt interefl to. Ic is my duty, as it is my with, to give ■ >' ou cre^ lt . for ev <TV great or good quality t you polieis, and to speak with gratitude of i a , n y f " v 'ces you have rendered America in . t.ie course of a long life busied with public Car *'»~^ llt ' Sir, it is aifo my duty to speak ot those other qualities of your heart and , mind which have been also employed in the national *fT«irs of our country. ISature, Sir, in proftifion, g'.fted you with talents, a brilliant fancy, penetrating genius and a native elegance of diftien, combined with a third lor knowledge, formed yqjj a man of learn ng and tade, well acqiiwntrd with the cl .flics, deeply resd in the philoso phy of natural hidory, observant of men and things, and attentive in theory to political concerns. But, to balance th<fe lingular uvors, die denied you others, which, to " move in the tempeduous sea of liberty," or guide the helm of a great nation, are of more utility and absolutely indispensable Your fortitude has been often tried and found unequ ,1 to the tafk—truch less arduous than the one you are la indefatigably striving to impofc on yourfelfyour mind is fitted for a sedentary life, and in your closet you may lludy, with honor to yourfelf, the works of Naturr ; but the fatigues, perseverance and firm temper, necefTtry in a ,i Executive fia fon, would wear out the remains of those delicate nerves which have oil former occa sions so often shrunk from the approach of. danger, and rendered an enlightened under- Handing useless to its poflefTor and injurious to his country. Let me conjure you, Sir, to call to your remembrance the hiflory of your political life, and from a regard to your peace and reputation, not involve yourfelf in that difgrate which mud inevitably attend your acceptance of the Presidency. You have been, Sir, a Governor, an Ainbaflador, and a Secretary of State, and had to desert each of these pofls, from that weakness of nerves, want of fortitude and total imbecility of charader, which have marked your whole political carier, and moll probably will at tend you to your grave. Remember, Si«v all the fcrvices youcvei rendered your coun try were of the literary kind—The Declara tion ot Independence was penned in your tloi'etj where you were perff&ly secure ; but I do not recolledt that you supported that Declaration by any extraordinary exer tion, or by ejepofing yourfelf to any immi nent danger. When Governor/of Virginia, you fled from your slate because a Uorm was gathering,and declined a foreign appoint ment by Congress. As the danger was vifi. b!e, you adled contiftently with your clu rafter, but surely did liot display either much firnmefs or patriotifrn. But, Sir, weakness of nerves and want of fortitude are nayiral defefls—they are not faults of your own—tho' were you, con scious of your defects, to accept the impor tant office of President, when the liberty and rights of millions and the happiness of your country are depending, it would in my opinion, amount to a crime. But I will 110 longer dwell on these topics—ln my next letter I will csnfider you as the head of a party devoted to the enemies of America, and a party created for her ruin. Gazette Marine Lift, PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Arrived at tie Fort, United States fcliooner Experiment,'Ma ley, from a cruize. Capt. Maley spoke the following vefiVls on his pafTage home, viz.—June 2oth brig Charletlon Packet, Prise, 6 days from Ja- :.e A German brig, the jfcjltfs, capt. Hen ickfon, failed 2 days htf< re the Rein Deir, md a ILip, the lia tax ia, captain Hanfmen, vas ready to fail, both for this poit. July 6. Ship Randolph, R. Oran-, Jsjverpool, be onjinq- to Portfirxuth. ihe fhiji S"'j: Sifters, enptain Mathews, failed from Li 'erl'o '' i"r Baltimore, one day b-fore the 31), captain Porter, belonging to Baltimore, ■ime ot (ailing not knowr.—(poke one fchr." >ound for the Weft-Indies, from New- N London ; blowing hard at the time, could rot get her name. In the Randolph a few jaflbigers came over, one a Mr. of Schr. Chailotte, Stanly, io days! Left there the fchrs. Monchief, Pierce, '"> ad juO arrived after forty c! vs pirfTrttje* . The United States frigate GeijWal Greene- Tom New-O. leans, with r,ei eral Wilkin .on on board. Hd put in tbere-tfof water. Ericr H pe captain H Vncs?l2 days from ' 'avaitna Sailed with the Charlotte. Was hoard, d by the brig *«p tain Hillier, inl.it. 33 *O, ' ft river. 33 days from the Isle of May. Left there M the ship William, captain Towtie, belong- jag ing to William Gray, Esq. of Salem, to bound on a whaling voyage. On the 6th to Barbadoes, under convoy of 6 Engliflt frigates. Was boarded hv one of the fri trates, and treated politely. Or> the 26th of June, in fight of Bermuda, spoke the fchr. CHARLESTON, Jure 27, ißoo> FRENCH PIRATES. , Captain Mirier, of the (loop Sally, from last, in lat. 32, 28, on the esftern edge.of two armed briqs, one of the other of 12. Captain Miner went on board the were. Spaniards, but he believes French privateers from Gaudaloupp..; h< Miner aR his liquors and ftnres, and a boat load of pine apnl s. O; eof the hands of the privateer mentioned, that they had ta ken an American vessel. Tl« lar£;eft brig The fliip Sympathy, Hancock, of Nor captured off the Cape by the Alarm Britifil frigate ; f"iir French pafieng'ers wbo wfre in- The Captain, Mate, and crew of the Sym .. health^office, July 9'i, 1800. Board of Health a superior accommodation the public are informed that after the 10th any thing to fend their connexion's perform ing quarantine, will please to forward be week to the veflrls detained by law. By order of the Board, Wm. ALLEN, HeaJth-Officer. d6>. Clerk wanted for Saint Peters Church Apply to Thomas Ctmpftoru No, 24 South Third-Street, May 19. COLUMBUS. t "* 9 ' ; * ■i'p'
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