F<,r the Gazette of the Unite d States
REI'IEW of tit SESSION,/ coyaxsss
THE proceedings of the Selfion oi
Congrefi which \yiij thil day terminate,
are too interfiling to our fellpvy-cit •
sens to he paired over in silence. We
have the more pleafnre in briefly review
jug them, as "e find that the j;ood
which has been done this Sedion is
fchiefly owing to those fame patriotswho
Lear the close of the Session before the
eport was agreed to ; and had it not
Men for the perfeveriug efforts and re
peated exertions of that member, and
\ few others, this business, intereiling
as it is to the nation, would have been
for the present, defeated. While the
continuation of the necessary revenues
for this purpoff was tinder difcufiion,
the then Secretary of the Treasury,
Mr. Hamilton, sent in a v«fry able re
port, which, in addition to a variety
of valuable rratter, evinced the necessi
ty of these revenues, without however
diminishing the opposition to tbem.
This report recommended to Congrefi
fcTci'iil important poults, lonie of which
were incorporated in the ail for the re
dudion of the debt. By that act, a
jinking bund is constituted, compoferi
of the furpluffes' of revenue—of tht
bank dividends, and ot the proceeds o!
the V\ eitern lands, when fold. This
fund will not only amply fuffice to pay
off )o much of the fix per cent, anr
deferred debt as the government has tht
right to redeem, bu' will leave an over
plus for purchases of flock in the mar
ket. To prevent the misapplication,
>r division of this fund, frem its inten
led wfe, the monies belonging to it are
r -trfrr*- <» iljx. - -G'vnrrmficiu ts of the Sillk
cpiefentativu, where it was so modified >"g Fund, as property, in truji, to be
as to exclude foreigners f rom a parfici- applied to the discharge and redempti
pation of political rights, until a long °'l of the debt; a*d the faith of the
term of probation and the proof of good government is solemnly pledged, that
moral character and principles should 'hey shall be inviolably applied'to that
entitle them thereto. purpose, and no other. Tho' this pro-
The military iJijMfhment has been vifiori was the best in the ad, and the
rendered more adequate to the effedual j key-ffone of the fyllcm, it was oppof
defence of the frontiers by increasing I ed with a warmth whkrh could only
the pay and bounty. The fame spirit j Have been expeded from those who
which for several years has llimulated wished the debt never to be discharged ;
to an attempt to substitute militia alto- j and which aftoniftied, bv the quarter
gether to regulars for the frontier ope- j from which it came. The invariable
rations, induced an attempt at tin's Sef- ! experience of those countries which are
■ (ion to reduce the Weltern army ; but j groaning under enormous debts, ouuht
the recent example of its success, its to have admonished every reasonable
decided f.ipenonty over militia in ma- 1 mind, that to leave the monies of a
ny respects, and particularly in the ar- I Sinking Fund liable to be diverted, on
of f made a defeat of the | every occasional exigency, from ' the
attempt almott a matter of couife. The purpbfes of its institution, would be
advantages derived from that army have to defeat every serious effort to get out
been confirmed by the application for of debt, The reasonableness of the
IT" a y , 1 I'', J '' d ,' an tr ' b " Wh ° Werc th ' ng ' and the exertions e f the friends
' l f' e mo(l .holt, e before they were chaf- of the fyltem, prevailed over an oppo
tiled by it ; the impolicy of withdraw- fition, founded on a pretended zeal lor
t.ig our forces at the moment of vidory, the liberty of the House of Rewefen
would have b«e» only equalled by-TTre farfmrto'do arrTuTiiToinTs plVatureT
ridiculous affedation of those who pre- Fortunately a fyltem is now established
tend that n small army is inconfiflent which does no lei's honor to the wisdom
with our liberties and patriotism of its promotes, than
Ihe act providing for calling forth it refleds luflre on the government of
the militia to suppress infurrcdions, is the United States. To establish a Sink
varied from the former law, by leaving ing Fund, inviolable and unalienable,
it to the discretion and responsibility of which it to be Jleadily applied to the
tie executive to judge of the exigency, redudion of ihe national debt, until
imtead of as in the former the whole.of it be discharged and
ad, a certificate of a judge. The re- which fund is competent to the dif
medywil thus be nut only more prompt charge of the whole debt, within a
but Ids liable to be obtruded by the fiort period of years, is a great and glo
reludance or hesitation of a Judge to rious measure, the example of which
give the neceTTaiy certificate. is firit given by the United States tc
she act for the relief of the Western the nations of Europe.
citizens whose property was delfroyed _ The sale of the Western Lands will,
by the liifurgenU, was as just as it was it is hoped, hereafter confiderahlv in
political, and will be attended with ob- crease the strength of {he Sinking Fund,
vionfly good efftds. The fufferers aie : A bill, for opening land offices in the
however confidcred as bound to prose- territories North anj South of the O
cute the offenders and recover what j mo, was reported to the House, but
they can, which they are to account for; the delay produced by tlx; oppolition
the proviiion made fc. them by Con- which has been mentioned, occafionec
gitls being only to, a fiord them a te m- a podponemcrt of it to the next Sef.
pornry aid, and to indemnify them a- fion. But this fund will nut yield
* al ! , a , ny f " ,ure r ° fs * ln the event of much, if the (peculations in the terri
their failing to recover, of which how- tory fuld by Georgia should draw ad
ever there is httle profped, the offend- venturers to that quarter: It is ima
ers being said to be competent. gined, however, and not without rea.
1 o fee tire peace on the frontiers, a son, that the energetic measure., con
reftraint of the whites is found lndifpen- templated by the government of the
fable ; the sales of lands by the Hate of United Stales, will altogether difap
Georgia will encreafe the necessity of point the projects of the pu,chafers «
vigorous restraints, or war with the that territory.
molt formidable tubes will be unavoid- A new militia system was also bro'i
able. This is among the most difficult forward ; but a difference of fentimem
items of legislation, a timid policy con- on a fundamental principle, and th<
fhntly withholding those _ regulations lateness of the Session, induced a post.
which can alone curb the licentious. ponement to the next Coimrefs •In
There are few objeds more dtfirable the mean time, a thousand 'copies o
than the liberation of our'fellow-citizens the bill are printed, in order to be dif
now in captivity at Algiers, and the tributed throughout the states anc
lafety of those who may navigate here- thereby to invite information, and ob
after in the vi»initv of the Mediterrane- tain the sentiments of the people oa ■
an. o obtain both these objects Con- Li ct as difficult as it i. intercttinjr
gref, ba\e at the present Sdfion, W ith Several other matters eil'e^'tli,
alacrity, concurred in such.measure, as atte.tion of Congrcls, Se
S t en E ;v r e cc rr;S i xfcu f,on - : s ° me *** **
on \ A a „ " -° °P cl ' 2t| - orating the revenues of the Uuitet
\ i i • , commerce and navip"ation • thu
r is to
Squill Carolina, . "* """" " ">£%' *<
prevented the mi/ibitf which was near
being done at the hj}. The moll pro
minent measures of the present Selfion,
are an atlthoiity tj the President to Na
tion troops at Pittlburgh, the rij 'urali
lation bill, the military ellablilhment,
the a<sl for calling forth the militia to
suppress infurre<£lions and repel inva
Cons, a provisional relief for the good
citizens whole property was dellroyed
in the Wedern country by the infurg
erts, some further regulations for the
securing of [seace on the frontiers by
Teftraining the lawless inhabitants of
those regions, a provilion to facilitate a
loan for the Adeline negociations, and
theaifl for the further support of pub
lic credit and the redemption of the public
debt. The fit nation of the Western
country so evidently ealled for the firft
measure that it was agreed to without
opposition in both houses.
The naturalization bill was introduc
ed '■ y a mc Tiber whose chief object ap
peared to be the exclusion ot foreigners
from the commercial advantages enjoy
ed by American citizens, but a more
enlarged and beneficial operation was
.vas refo'ved by the house, that further
jiovition ought to be made for the re
tlutfion the del»t.
, The' the report «f the committee,
appointed to prepare a plan, was made
early in the Selfion, it encountered so
much opposition, a.id. from those who
iiad always been the moil clamorous for
i reduction of the debt, that it was
To the Jlpt rojt of the Gaxelte of the
JJnSied States. <
S I R,
YOUR ingenious and modejl corfe
fpoiident, " A Friend to the Arts," !
hr.s profely ted me entirely, to his fide .
of tbe question. Who would think of
j |Mtnmizing > a parcel of demi-favage art
j ills of America, when men " of cha
ta&er, »nd known abilities," from
Great-Britain, condescend to come a
mong us ? Such a difinterejled condudl,
independent of every other confidera
tron, entitles the gentlemen who cum
pofe the Anglo-Columbianum, to evety
encouragement and liberality from the I
thinking part of our citizens. When
gentlemen of their known " talents,
integrity, and genius," forfake, their '
own country, where honors and rewards j
wereJhowered down upon th<m, to con
tribute their stock to the advancement |
and improvement of our country, who j
is there among us, that would with- j
hold their pnrfe, fiom such diftnterejled \
adventurers ? What a character fiiould
we not acquire abroad, did we ntgleft
|to patronize gentlemen who aie so
I " ambition* to render us service by their
| abilities !" Think of the consequences
fhotild they ".return home with dif-
I gull and indignation 1"—All Europe
would resound with our brutality, in
hofpitality, and ingratitude;" and they
would conlider lis as little better than
Anthropophagi, below the level of
" savages, or wild beaits." Sir, I
shudder at the consequences that would
result to the United States, should the
gentlemen who compose the Anglo-
Columbianum abandon their purfuiu,
and denounce us in Great Britain !
i Their talents, their consequence, their
gvnius, and their injluence, would put
a Itop to every emigration to this coun
try, and in future we should not have
even a scavenger, who would truit him
fclt in. our barbarous land—Heaven!
the very idea " freezes my young
blcod !"
Some rude and untaught creatures
among us, hare prcfumed to censure
the gt ntlemen, who are at work, in he
half of our country, for such profufe
commendations of their o<wn " genius,
talents, and integrity but for my
own part, I think it very proper ; for
as they are strangers among us, if they
did not praise themselves, their merits
might remain unknown, and they might
" blush unseen, andA«rrte their sweet
ness in the diflant air."
• Sir, I am of opinion that Mr. Peale'i
conduct is highly exceptionable, more
especially as he is Treasurer of the fo
cmy for the ►-
JW i Srtt, tnUt ttic man who will not
encourage foreigners, at the expence of
his own countrymen, nay at his own ex
pence, is as enemy to h ; » country, and
an enemy to the promotion of emigra
tion—Let Mr. Peale, in future, beware
of such inconsistency !
The society who hold their meetings
at v.he City-Hall, at the City-Hall 1 fay,
designated by the name of Columbian
um, are right worthy gentlemen, and
deserving of encouragement ; for every
man of tnjie and sentiment Ihould plant
and cultivate an exotic in preference to
the flirubs of his native foil. Did I
need an accoucheur, I certainly would
prefer one from the Columbianum ; for
the Dr. Slops,of this country are not
worth a bawbee ! ! !
BRITANNICUS.
March 3d, 1795.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES.
Saturday, 28th February.
Mr. New from the committee of en
rolments, reported the following bills.
An a& relative to the pafling of coast
ing veflels between Long Island and
Rhode Island.
An aft to continue in force for a li
mited time the aft* therein mentioned
_An relative to ceSioiu of jurif
diAion in place* where light hdufea,
beacon*, buoy* and public pier* have
been, or may hereafter be ere&ed and
fixed. ,
An aft for the relief of William Sey
mour.
j Dr. Beatty, at several times, both
, this day, and yesterday, moved that
the hill cmendatory of the " aft laying
duties upon carriage* for the convey
ance of perfoni," reported by him a
few days lince, should be taken up. The
preflure of ether more important buli
tiefs before the House prevented hii
motion from fuccecding, fa that this
bill may be expected to stand over in
Us present ftiape till the next session.
It was moved that the House ftould
resolve itfelf into a committee on the
bill for eftablilhing trading hoafes for
the purpose of supplying the Indian
nations, wubin the territory of the Uni-
er! States. This was done accordi.rg
y, Mr. Sherbourne in the chair.
Mr. Giles theiV moved to tlrike out
he firft section.
Mr. Goodhue wished to move that
.lie committee should rile, to which Mr.
Siles agieed. Mr. Goodhue then (aid,
.hat his reason for this motion was the
bsfore them. To attempt going' thre'
k'er go through itns feilion. He did
not fur his own part yet knew whether
it was proper or not.
Mr. Parker rose next. It was with
difficulty that cither til's gentleman or
Mr. Goodhue could be heard, which is
here mentioned as an apology, if ny
"<). Mr. Parker said that the bill had
been long enough before the House for
the gentleman from Massachusetts to
have made hirrfelf acquainted with its
contents, and its merits. He vindica
ted the principle of the bill, as tending
to conciliate the affections of a distres
sed and unhappy people, and as it might
liktwife prevent the expences jf a war,
with them. France, Britain and Spain,
had adopted this policy, and found the
good effc&s of it. He conlidered the
bill as of the utmost co/ifequence, a
thinking so, he should exert £is
influence to get it pad. The Cxpenc c
proposed was not great, as th e affai r
was only experimental.
Mr. Montgomery was of the fame
opinion with the gentleman who spoke
last. He thought that the Indians Lad
common sense enough not to quit allies
who supplied them with articles which
they wanted, till we also made f< me
effectual eftablifhnent of that kind. The
member went on the fame ground with
the gentleman who spoke last.
Mr. Boudinot thought thai the rea
son given by Mr. Goodhue for moving
that the committee should life, viz. thai
gentlemen "would not attend to their di.tv,
was the very worll Im.'gini'iie. What
did the House meet for at all ? It wa<
the duty of the chair to compel them
to mind their bulinefs. Mr. Boudr i
not, who was himfelf but very ind f
tinftly heard, their referred to fome
nting which had been said by Mr. Swift
who had been upon his legs jult be fort
Mr. Boudinot, and of wLofe remark;
we had not been able to hear one fen
tence diilinclly. Mr. Boudinot, in re
ply to this gentleman, said, that ht
would not wish to press the bill thi;
feflion, if members did not think it pro
per. He was willinpr. if
for one year to the
President. But there never would nor
could be a complete peace till fomethin r
of this kind was done. The Prefidcnt
himfelf has told you as much.
Mr. Giles said, that the thing could
not be got through this fefiion. He
was willing to take the queition either
in the firft way that he had moved it,
or in the other. This was a moil im
proper time of the fefiion to bring it in.
Mr. Murray hoped that the commit
tee would feriouflv attend to the tirft
clause in the bill, and would not rife.
He felt the (hortnefs of the time, but
he was willing to devote to-morrow
(Sunday) to this fubjed, and he trust
ed, the importance of it would give the
employment a solemnity not inconfift.'
ent with the day. Without a bill to
eltablifh a well guarded intercourse with
the Indians, the frontier policy will be
unsystematic and despicable. To com
plete the system, it appeared to him,
that three great objeds are to be em
braced. First, force, to protest the
frontier from Indian fiivaiion—Tfb'r "lhi»
the military establishment is made. Se
cond, a regulation by law, that (hall res
train the frontier people from predatory
invalion into the Indian country, carry
ing law and settlement hand in hand.
Third, the eftajjliftimentbf trading boufct
under the influence of the two full parts
of the system, for the purpose of conci
liating the Indians, by supplying their
wants, and detaching their . habits of
trade and their affe&ions from a foreign
nation. With these three points em
braced in one system, he had no doubt
but their co-ojeration would produce
the great objed, peace on the frontier.
Without the last, the other parts of the
system would be totally inefficient.
Mr. Hillhoufe said, that the house
ought to begin at the right end of the
fubjeft, by reversing the vote which the
eommittee parted yesterday, authoriz
ing the frontier people to pass the line
in pursuit of the Indians, as often as
they pleased. If this was allowed, it
would be impofiible ever to keep the
peace.
On a division (lull the committee now
rife.
A r« 35.
Noe.
The qutftion was then put by the
g- Speaker,_fh all the committee have ! cavc
to fit agarri
ut Ayt«
Noes ,
at But it wa« presently remarked, U, at
[r. fomegentlemen had risen hothi at th«
d, ayes and noes. Othej# had been with,
le out the bar. The numbers were theie
fs fore taken over again and Hood this
»' A r« ; ?6."
e. Noes
e- The bill is therefore thrown out.
d The »ie«v bill, as to the mode of - col.
tr lefting the duties on Tnuffand f u .. 2r
was read a third time, the blanks filled
Ij up, and the bill passed.
)r Mr. Hn'fter cafled for the fecorid
j s reading of the report of the f-Ucf \ t l , m .
y mittee, on the memorial furm the iiig ar
. refiners, Thj: committer on ihis. iub
j je£t weie, Mr. Baldwin, Mr. Hnfllev,
, r and Mr. Heißw. The Hon fed id nut
Q take up this memorial, but proceeded
:4 to the unfinifhed business before them.
1 his was the refoljjhon mentioned in
g our account of the debate of yctterday,
.vith Mr. Venable's amendment. When
t the qieftion was going to be taken 011
> it, Mr. Venahle rose, and pointed out
tjie difference «f opinion between two
e gentlemen, who w.re both opposed ts
e hit am: Anient. One of them, Mr.
i ;^ r dg w| ck, maintained, that when
I individual Indians, Unauthorized by (he
e rfft °f their tribe, crofied the line, and
r committed depredations, a feeler was by
the law of nations, authorized to pursue
them aerufs the line, and .retaliate, a, d
; tl,at ,t "' implied in the bill. Mr.
j Hillhoufe had materially differed from'
him, and agreed with Mr. Venable, in
> fuppofiiig that the perion f„ p , ir fuing
I atl " fs t 1 " I'ne. pin ifhable by the
refohition, as it flood, without the a
mendment. He then reminded the
House, that this frontier line was per
haps fifteen hundred miles long. The
Indiai s may come over at any part of
it, while thecitizent of the United Stat.«
are not to be allowed to ciofs it oi,«
mile, in purfnit ; even a man in pursuit
of linages, who miy have have carried
v€ his wife, and children may be Hep
ped. The-amendment he regarded ss
cffential. Military officers may judre
upon the spot, whether fuel, pencils
whom they meet beyond.tbc line, in
pursuit of Indians, are within the feofe
of the aft or not.
( Mr. Ames denied that the refutation
as it firft (food, took away the tight of
a man to pursue the indiai,s, fn order
to recover his wife and children. But
the amendment of Mr. Viable went
to legalize all those a die ofvk.lence
!**"•"«»• ' ~r» cenfnrv pafl, have 1
deluged the frontier in blood.
Mr. Lyman .vindicated the Inhabi
tants of the frontier. If the Indians
are so unfoitunnte as to be the dupes
of other nations,, (viz. the Spaniards
aid Britilh,) that is not our fault.
The frontier people, from time to time
have done every thing in their power
to keep them in peace.
Mr. Hillhoufe opposed the amend
ment.
Mr. M'Dovs-cl] said, tljat weekly and
daily murders were committed by the
Creeks, in the diitiia ofMero, an.i on
the foiith-weftern territory. Do the
Umred States avenge theft muiders >
No. Do they demand back the pro
perty earned off ? No. Instead of any
fatisfa&ion to the people, their charac
ters are abused on this floot. The fron
tier people know that their happirefj
confifls in peace, and therefore cultivate
it as much as they can. He took a
general view of the fubjeft, and explain
ed the inftpnilicance of the polls at
present held by the troops of the United
States, for any_pu*pofe of pratcSion.
He noticed the inveterate hatred of the
Indians against the whites, and their
innate thirst of blood.
Mr. Mo#re went on the fame grounds.
Mr. Giles did not Tike the harsh stile
assumed by some gentlemen in speaking
of the frontier settlers. An hundred
years hence these people would prepon
derate over this part of the continent.
He represented an Atlai tic part of the
Union, he would carefully avoid any
thing that might ofTend the Weflero
people. The firft fe-tiers in this coun
try were, when they firlt landed, frontier
settlers. For his own part he believed,
that the war between the whites and
the Indians would be eternal. He said
that from some intelligence received this
day, there was reason to believe that a
war with the Creeks mi"ht soon be ex
pected.
Mr. Wadfwoith. " Gentlemen have
a great disposition to hvjhand our tit
le time, and 1 need not mention their
" manner of doing it." He said that
he was willing to grant protection to
the frontier*, hut not to give leave, as
by the amendment proposed, for an e
terral war. He thought it calculated *
to drive the gentlemen on each fide of
tlii* quelfion, into such oppofitc e*-
tteaiet, that they would never meet a-