O.ic of the Aldermen of London
* itcly declaiming against foreigners, a
aeiitlcman present told kim fie ought
to consider himfelf as. a citizen of the
world, " That I can never do, replied
he, until all the world becomes a city."'
The last intelligence received by go
teroment from the Ea'l Indie*, is fa.d
to contain information, that the iu&ruc
tionsleftby the mirqliu Coiuwallis, for
:he settlement of the company's army,
having been cajried into execution by
sjLjo'iu Shore, had produced much
Jamx.ir. Meetings of the company's
ificeis have been held, and a commit
ree appointed for conducing their cause.
A printer in Calcutta, who had puh
.ilhed in his paper he proceedings o f
hi* meeting, was taken up by an order
,'ro.n [he gjwnor-general; and was de-
Ui.ied for some time in prison; nay,
be was threatened with trial for sedition,
but to such a height bad the clamour
extended, that he was enlarged without
aial, and the officers have a punting
;ipnratus of their own, for the publica
;> >n of their papers.
The Spanilh court coofiders the re
■•aion of Collioure in the fame point
< f view as the rapid fubmifiion of the
Faftern Pyrennecs —that is to fay, as
the effect of treason. In consequence,
tire twelve principal officers who ligned
re add re is to the governor, begging
} '>n to capitulate, have been condemned
t. forve two years as common soldiers
in the African Prefidenciea; at the
fa.T.e time leaving them the choice of
it manding a council of war , the ren
te nee of which would be immediately
executed without mitigation or pardon.
UNITED S C C
NEW-YORK. Nov. 24.
Revolution in Fuancs.
"Fife preceeding remarks an designed as
inti duilory to an explanation of the'Ex
ecu ve braixh ot' government.
' my people, whose minds are easily a
bi :d with analogies, and not very fuf
c >!e of just diftinilions, are extremely
jt sos the Executive Powsr in a State.
V. eit is lodged in a single h and, as in
A ica, they are apt to compare it to a
t* 1 • rchy and therefore refill every ef
jt- .0 strengthen the hands of the Chief
11 f,ftrate. For the illuftrafion of a point
of t'uch magnitude, let us attend to the
!„,r follow'ing considerations. i
A monarchy is a form of government
r r_.c all the power, Legislative and Ex
vc uive, is lodged in one man —where all
■; v.esfunent depends on a I'.ngle will.
j . in our Representative government,
tl Magistrate cannot cnafl a single
V r,or prevent one from being enacted, 1
/ in the will ot the two thirds Of the ]
lr, ed people seem notfo much to dread
S :c share of Legiiladve power which the
r. - "i ativp enjoys, as the accumulation of
jiOT. crhiy, means of energetic laws, which,
th< ; f m to imagine, will render the ma-,
tiuratf irifome measure absolute, or give
ini i pecies of arbitrary authority, like
t,< tci 1 monarch. They seem riot to con
s._! . . f.at the two cases are tola calo dif- 1
f"i»r.t ; that; in a monarchy, it is the
. ai, who governs ; m a Republic, it is
it - iw-s. In a monarchy, the power of
Ite 1. aarch is all his own ; in a free Hate
flu Ciiiif Magistrate has no power but
i,a' i given him by the nation. In a
Ttionar by, the government is mild or ty-
according to the disposition or
whim tf the Prince; in a free govern
mt ■: i.cthirg depends on the temper of
*!« Chef Magistrate, and every tiling,
on \'ic ileady principles of the law. In
m inufchy, the Pnnce is above impearh
mcr;, ;ind anfwfable to-no man; in a
frr fta e, the Executive is impeachable
jnd ieif mfiblefor a due performance of
' fcu ',-r -Lf i—- J
The slSlntftion therefore between mr
parjhy and the Executive of a free state,
consists in the different decrees of energy
or ft—ligth in their tefpeclive powers. It
eon".. in the mode of originating the
covers • the origin of a monarch's power
fc«i h ' own J'o'vereign tut II / the origin
of the Executive powers of a free state
Vv : i> ' will of the nation. The strength
o.- energy of the government in both,
>ght ever to be the fame: That is, the
I Hicf >: igiftrnes authority in a free state
in '-."(.a. i g of that state, ought'
tit■: ah'' luie, and irresistible, as the will
*! the Prince in a Monarchy. For it
ivaft be remembered, that the authority of
iftrate, isnothiug more than the will
'ft'- nation; and this public will must
ate. The v ill of the state it the
law«; and: these nuft be uncontrollable. In
in i-r liitablenefs of the laws, there is no
.'a,.<ei to liberty ; on the other hand, it
!n - o. |y thing that fecurts liberty. For
; man, or one body of men can refill
<be 1 iws with effe<sl, a thousand may do
ueume, and governments annihilated,
v - n; .11 break my hrari with impunity;
v , nun may do the lame; and where
•rr Jem ? The eHence of liberty ia,
si.at .0 jfian can do what'the laws forbid;
1 j 11 in can be restrained from doing what
*• ti:e U Kt permit.
is ■ .ys to be prefurned that a freena
■i " .iake good laws ; that is the pub
' - "'is at theptblicgood and happi
t'' ' public will therefore is to be
\ < '. -'y obeyed. If it (hould be wrong
• v me, its errors will soon be correcV
hi'e It is the w'li of a nation ;
li-i -vbile a law exi/lj, it fljould not
be in any man's power to defeat its opera
tion. i
Ti»e con.-luUon is obvious ; n ftrengih
or energy, the government df a monarchy
;iud ft" a free 'tars ought to be the fame ;
yet from the mode in which the power of
each originates, the one is a capricious, ar
bitrary will, and the other, the fleady fix
ed principle of national will, <dw»y» aim
ing at the public interest.
RICHMOND, November 17.
Ext raft from the Journal of the House
of Delegates, Wednesday, Nov. 1 2.
1. Resolved, That it is the opinion
of this commit tee, that the spirit, alacri
ty, and promptitude with which the mi
litia of this commonwealth obeyed the
necessary call' of their country to sup
port the conflituted authorities by en
forcing obedience to Ihe laws of the
United States,- present a bright exam
ple of patiiotifm, and ought to beheld
in affectionate remembrance.
2. Resolved, That it is the opinion
of this committee, that the non commil
fioned officers and soldiers in the de
tachment of militia from this common
wealth, called into actual service against
the infnrgents in the western counties
in Pennsylvania, or if dead, their respec
tive representatives ought to rectire in
additioh to the pay now allowed by law
the sum of eight dollais each, to be paid
out of the treasury of the common wealth,
which ought to be reimbursed out of the
treasury of the United States, and that
the senators from this state in the Con
gress of the United States, beinftrufted
to tife theif endeavours to obtain such
reimburfment.
3. Resolved, That it is the opinion
of this committee, that the pay allowed
by law to the non commifiioned officers
and soldiers of the militia of tJie fevcral
United States is inadequate, and ought
to be increased to the sum of fix dollars
and two thii-ds of a dollar per month
while in actual service ; and that the
Senators from thie state, in the Congress
of the United States, be inftrufted to
use their endeavours to obtain an in
cieafe of their pay to that extent for
future fervi«B.
The tft resolution being read a fe
cund time, was on the "qtieftion put
thereupon, unanimously agreed to by
the House.
The 2d and 3d refolutiou being se
verally read a second time were on the
f quelliorw put thereupon, agreed to by
. the House.
November 19.
< Yesterday the general assembly of this
commonwealth, elected STEVENS
THOMPSON MASON, and HEN
' RY TAZEWELL, Esquires, Sena
. uj» r t£Lrcfutffcnt this state in the Con
' grefsof the United States, in the room
of James Monroe and John Taylor,
I Esquires } the former being appointed
by the Prefidetit of the United States
minister at the Court of France, and the
latter having resigned.
From a Correspondent.
'• The duty on pleasure carriages, im
: posed by aft of Congress at their la ft
j fefiion, having been the fubjeft of much
: animadvertion in a neighbouring foteign
! country, it may not be improper to in
j form the public, by an extract from the
j journals of the House of Reprefenta
■j tives, who voted for it, and who against
] it. At a moment when the militia is
called out to suppress an infurreftion,
excited by * flagitious faftiou, against
one constitutional law of the United
States, it is a matter of no small furpiife,'
that attempts should be made to excite
gn opposition to another constitutional
law. But these attempts, though made
by per fori j who fancy thenfelves of great
importance, we are happy to hear have
been discountenanced by the Federal
disposition, and Republican spirit of the
people. They have had good sense e
nougb to perceive, that a duty imposed
on an article of luxury, and the trap
pings of ariftoeratic pride, and which
falls only on those who are best able to
pay it, cannot be an improper duty in
a republic lite ours. They know too
full well, that every tax which is not a
hnd or a capitation tax, is, condition
ally and fii ancially speaking, an indirect
tax. The idle clamours of a virulent
and pseudo-patriotic party cannot pre
vail on them to btlieve that a thing,
which evidently bears one name, ought
to be called by another. To call a du
ty on pleasure carriages, a dire P. tax, and
to infer from thence that it is unconfli
tutional, is too gross a perversion of
terms even for ignorance made drurk to
swallow. The following extract from
the journals of the House of Repiefen
tatiVes, will (hew by how large a majo
rity this law was passed, and how little
they doubted on the invention. Among
true Republicans, wh<> always submit to
the will of a majority; a vote of more
than two to one ought to fihrnce the
clamour even' of faction itfelf. But
desperate men run lo desperate lengths !
Drowning men will catch at straws.
' * •.
i*
...
Upon the pflfV/e of *he bill, those
wfife *Jtcd in the af.i.Bistlve, are as fol
lows: Ames, Arihltroug, Bailey, B .1J
win, Banrr.e, Cjrncs, C<<!»b,
CuiSii, Cult, Daytoi', Dent, Kitz.nm.jns,
Fuller, Gilbert, Gillefpir, Glen, Good
hue, Gordon, Gay, Grove, Hartley,
Htllhoul'e, Hunter, Latimer,
Learned, Malbone, Mcbane, Murray,
Mills, Pickens, Rutherford, Scott,
Sedgwick, Smith, Smith, Swift, That
cher, Tracey, Trumbull, Van Allen,
Van Couitland, Van Gafbeck, Wadf
worth, Wadfworth, Watts, Williams,
Win lion—49.
Those who voted in the negative,
are—Blount, Christie, Claiborne, Daw
foii, Findley, Gilest, Gilloit, Hei'ler, Ly
man, Macon, MadTfftn-, M'Dowell,
Moore, Nevill, Nicholas, Orr, Parker,
Wynn—22.
PHILADELPHIA,
NOVEMBER jB.
The revolutionary tribunal at Beur
deaux from the 28thpraiiial to the "d
thermidor, condemned to death 142 in
dividual*, thirty one weie acquitted—
among the xondimned wag Barbaroux,
ex deputy, and the father and Aunt of
Cuadet.
By this Day's Mail.
NEW-YORK, Nor. 17
fiictraft of 1 letter from Havre, Oft. 8.
T , flj4
• • • •
" Tht<th inft. Barrere, Collot d'Her
lois, and ißiliaud Varennes, were de
lounced in the Convention by Legendre,
ind I understood, the evening of the sth
nft. when I left Paris, .'that they were ar
efted aad about to have trial. They are
:onfidered as the leading heads of the Ja
obins, and are fignificaijtly ilex»ommated
:he tail of Robcfpierre. I suppose they
will fall—if so, the moderates, the rea
onabli, and the well meaning of the
Convention and Committees, will take
he lead, and put an end to the bloody
yftem. Indeed since that of Robespierre
:xecutions have become very rare, and
lever take place: utijuftly ; and theprifons
will be soon empty."
By Paris papers of Oft. 3 jnd 4, we
ind that Barrere, Collot d'Herbois, and
Billaud Vai cnncs, were denounced by
Legendre on the 3d of Oft. It is laic
n the paper of the 4th, that their ex
planations were farisfa&ory ; but a let
;er from Havre meotions, that the'
vere atiefted on the sth.
.. -- / "*
The post of Kaiferflautern, whici
was taken by the Auftrians on the 17th
of Sept. was recovered on the 2ift after
a severe conflict.
CfeveCotur, a fortified town on the
Maefe, and the key of Bois le-Duc, is
taken, and mhkea the French mailers
of the inundations.
The Spanish General La Union, in
an attempt to approach Bellcgarde, has
beet) defeated with the loss of 4 picces
of cannon, and 600 prifonsu.
The standard of rebellion was raised
at Marseilles on the sth Vendemaire,
Septi 26, but measures had been taken
to suppress it, and it does not appear to
have catifed any alarming apprenenfions.
Aix-la-Chapelle is taken by the
French, with the loss of 800 of the
enemy slain, and Maeftricht is inverted.
The post of St. Jacques is also taken
by the army of Italy.
Lad Friday evening, about 10 o'
I clock, a fire broke out in the town of
I.anfinpburgh, which destroyed several
valuable buildings. Wc are not yet
able to give the particulars further than
the Mcflra. Jon. Keating, Aaron Noble,
Wheeler Douglas, Waite Rathbone,
and E. Hicks, are the principal fuffer
Tiiefday la(l being the Anniversary of
New-York Company of Rangers,
under the command of Capt. George
Remfen, met at 10 o'clock; after
parading and marching through the
city, partook of an elegant dinner
prepared for them at Mr. Gauttier'»
—when the following toasts were
drank :
t. George Washington, Prelident of
the United States. 3 cheers.
2. The Government of the United
.States : may it remain firm and uncor
nipted.
3. The Executive Power : may it
persevere in a rigid execution of the
Laws.
I 4- The Legislative Body : may un
5 , &yp
' "* . «-
lhakeb principles and found policy pre
domir-jite in ilitir dclibelatioiis. -3
clltel*.
j. The J.idicini P.mer : rruv public
jtiftice be equal!) pri.CiilcJ aiui diiiiiijU
ted in its parts.
6. Alexander Ham'ltff, Secretary
of the Ttrniniy.
7. Our Foreign Ambafiadots and
the Envoy Extraordinary: may hi#
negotiations be happily and speedily
compleated : and may theeudeavour* of
James Mnnroe to bind this country and
the French Republic more to
gether, promote the wdfaic of each. 3
cheers.
8. The Federal Aimv
9. The Citizens vtiij Jjitely Hepped
forward lo nobly in fuppent of the laws.
3 cheers.
10. May the Pnhlfp Faith of Ame
rica be as distinguished in peace as her
patriotic energy was glorious in war. 6
cheers.
11. The Governor and .Legislature
of the State of New-York.
12. Our unhappy Brethren in Al
gicr» : may they soon be lekafed from
slavery, and return to their native coun
try again to enjoy the blessings of free
dom.
13. The American Fair: may they
always be protected and cfteemed by
the New-York
14. May the heart and hand of eve
ry individual present be ever ready to
guide and protedt the dilhtfled. i
cheer.
i'j. The bright fun of Peace, liap
pinefs and public virtue—may it shine
on our hemisphere and dispel the venom
ous vapours of opposition from every
manly bieaft.
*"? .Volunteer. > . - :
, The Day—Way every Foreign In
vader leave a. &y jtijfce thii). lor -th«
commeinoratiDß Bf' r re«nen. ,gieheer«
By thejhip Ljdia from Cadiz..
Copy of a Letter received at Cadiz,
Sept. 27, 1794, from James Simp
fon, vice-couful at Gibraltar, to Mr.
jofeph M. lznardi, consul at Cadiz
for the United States of America.
Gibraltar, Sept. 15, 1794.
Mr. J. M. lznardi,
Sir. Mulcy Soliman, owe of the chief
Emperors of Mt rocCo, havitig fsvt ral
of hit (hi -rigged cruisers at sea, and it
being very Uncertain what orders the
commanders may have, I run you this
byexprefs, to request you will immedi
ately call to the maflers of ail vcfleJs of
the United dates in your way, and tell
them it is in my opinion they ougpt to
those cruiferS.
1 may be able in a tew days to speak
with more preeifion on this fubjefl
when 1 will again communicate to yui
what I may further learn concerning
their particular determination. In th
mean time I beg to enforce what 1 hav
said above.
z 7 *' •
Mr. Duff, the English Consul, re
ceived a letter by the fame txprefs,
which mentioned that the Cruisers were
certainly out upon a cruise, and had
taken a Ragufan Brig,and their intenti
on was to make Prizes of all Nations
that have not Consuls at Tangicu and
Sallee.
rOBT CF PHtLADfZPM4
ARRIVED,
ichooner Polly and Sal)}') Carr,Rit;h-
Betsey, RufTel, Nwitucket 21
Capt. Mercer, who arrived here yefter
lay in the brig Molly, in 46 days fron
Hilboa, informs, that the Spaniards were
in the greatest confirmation, expecting the
arrival of the French, who were within 15
miles of that place.
belonging to Salem, and schooner Dolphin,
Captain Willard, of 'Marblehead, and
failed out in company with the schooner
ter, of Marblehead.
The ship Harmony, Capt. Alcorn, ftom
fton, and the brig Mary, are arrived in the
river.
Capt. Carr from Richmond,inform that
on Saturday morning he law three large
French frigates going into Hampton road,
and on Monday morning a sloop of War
of Virginia.
NEW THEATRE.
The public are fttfpefi fully informed
that the Entertainments which were *n-
to
r cdnefday Evening, the 3d
of December.
angets.
Yours, &c.
J. SIMPSON.
«. -Yij?
'BOSTON, Nov. 18.
The Concorde, was to have feikd on
Sunday ; But the wind not being as
favorable, as wished, she did not get
under way. She will go, however, the
fxrit fair wind. The Partridge, we are
told will remain.
CONGRESS
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Friday, Nov. 28, 1794.
After reading several petitions, the
rioufc took up the order of the day on
tl.e address in' ant'wer to the Prtfidey'j
speech—a motion oF amendment \TB*
brought forward by Mr. Nicholas, in
the following words: "We learn with
the greatell concern that any mifrepte
lentations whatever of the government
and its proceedings, either by individu
als or combinations of men, should have
been made, and so far credited, as to fo
ment the flagrant outrage which has
been committed on the laws." Tfiis
motion was succeeded by several others ;
and those by a motion for recommitting
the address, which was loli 48 to 42 —
Mr. Nicholas' motion was then pat and
carried almofl unanimously. A com
mittee was then appoiuted to wait on
the President to know at what time and
place it would be convenient for him to
receive the address.
Mr. Giles reported a bill providing
compensation for the militia in aftonl
fen ice of the ,United States, ami for o
ther purpofei; which was read and
committed.
A melTage from the Senate informed
the honfe that they have palled the bill
granting the privilege of franking, and
providing compensation to James
White, Del egate to Congress from the
South Western Territory.
Communications from the Executive,
relative to the Wedern Frontiers were
then read.
The committee <rho waited on *he
Prefidcot returned—and reported that
to-morrow at 12 o'clock was thr time,
assigned by the President to receive the
address of the house.
Wednesday evening last, the Secietajy
of the Treaftiry arrived in Town from
the Weft ward.
This day returned to the City from
the Western expedition, Captains Dun
lap, Singer and M'Connel's Compa
nies of Horse.—They were received l>v
the Citizens with those lively emotions
of gratitude and pleafiire, which their
highly patriotic faciificessnd services so
jullly demand.
Married last Evening, by the Re*.
Dr, Smith, Mr. John A.Summers, of
this City, to Miss Hannah Harrison,
of Northumberland, Pennfvlvani^.
53* The Ship Manchester's Letter
Bag, will be taken from the Poft-Of
fice on Tuefdav morning the 2d De»
cember, at 9 o'Clock.
To
inft. at 7 o'clock,
"W 1 ?
»*iw^pS«s w -"
" , ,
•iJi S
—;
American edition —Price 75 cents,
,e rapid sale of the Firfl Edition of
this interesting novel, in a few month*,
is the best proof of its merit.]
'.xtraS from tbf Critical Re-view, J.pril
It iraybe a of truth, lor it is not un
■ atural, and it i» » tale of re riiftrefs—
Charlotte, by the artifice of a teacher, re
commended to a fehaol ftcrJi humanity ra
ther than 1 eoiivj&ion ofher i"iefrrity, or
iic»'l from Ite: governe'', and accompanies
a »jung officer to Americ?—The mwiriage
ce eminy. if not forporten, is pnftponed,
ftano ofher lover, »i«I treacl ety «f his
t' iend, —-The f.Miatiorn are artless ardaf
tf etic; we flwuld feel f>r Charlr-i e if such
c irre'y, perlt apt delertfd so flverea pu
,1 foment. If ii is a fidtion, poetic justice
<1 mo;; we thir-k, proptrly dift' ibuteJ."
' 4
'f i/t-V
•9\
>fc -