j From the General Ad-oerliftt. "Those who consult thefecret springs of the human mind will readily account for the Secretary of the Treasury's pre sence with the army. The excise as the ehild of his own heart, tho' a bas tard in the foil that gave it birth, has callcd forth the feelings of the father, when the avenging kvord was to be drawn for the puni(hment of its oppo fert. The Secretary by his presence with the army will, thro' tlie means of his talents and influence, Jo forward tlie views of his fa&ion, afiift in placing the principle which led to the almost unani mous exertions against the oppofers of the law, in a falfe ligat, a favourite end vith the fa&ion at the present moment. It is their wi(h to make the friends of constitutional law be considered as friends to the introduction into our foil of all the poisonous exotics of the old world : But the discriminating sense of the people of this country will baffle the attempt, and while they will htld up their hand against all illegal opposition to the rrteaflires of government, will also ever raise their voice against all the in f.rumental'ity fyttems of the Secretary." Mr. Fenno, THE malignant spite and "envy of some pitiful enemy or enemies of the Secretary of the Treasury, was never more conspicuous than 111 a paragraph of the General Advertiser of this date ; the meanness of attacking the Secretary ■ behind his back, is of a piece with the want of candor and truth in the malevo lent hints thrown out ; for, if the con stitution fully admits of excise and other taxes, the tax on ardent spirits is in truth and real'i y, the child of those who formed thiit conllitution, and of the Coi:grefs of the United States wh»*. sS ira£led"!t. Jx-was certainly the Secre tary's duty when required, to report every means of raifmg the needful reW' nue for support of government, and for the defence of our country, our invalu able constitution, and of every thing dear to >is; and if Congress in their wisdom, thought proper to ena£l, that a tax (or excise, as'mcn choose to call i') be laid upon ardent spirits, it wa* pioperly amj ultimately their child ; and, in obvious truth, cannot be called the Secretary's, for these true and valid reasons—unless you will call the idea of a child (ova child in poflibility) a real child in fubftaiice. But the authors of that paragraph were afraid to " lay the saddle on the horse," and to give offence to the true patriots and lovers of the constitu tion in general, and to the members of both houses of Congress in particular, aniL w£re.iu»t so tKftcrning (or wilfully blind) as to fee, that they l ave endea voured to wound all these through the Secretary. They have too long and too often endeavoured to impose on coming sense, and on the now enlightened Understand ings of the citizens of the United States; but the cloven foot of malice, envy ( and disappointed ambition of some) has ap peared ; and a very great majority (per haps forty-nine fiftieths) of the candid and unprejudiced inhabitants of the U nited States, now treat their mal'Vkius publications with that contempt they deserve. The latter part of that paragraph is a poor fubterfuge, after the many pieces they have publiflied, tending so raise In wfalr naA inflammatory mindSj and to dUcouragcwit fiearis, ano weaken or embarrass the hands of the chosen reprefcntatives of the people ; and puts me in mind of what the Sa tyr told the man who blovved hot and cold, " ike devil htmfelf had bed beware of you." I remain A Citizen, and true Friend to the United States. N. B. A bad use may be made of a legitimate—but much more probable, of a felf-created power. Origin of Ncwfpaftrs in England—from a late English paptr. IT may be gratifying to be told, that mankind are indebted to the wis dom of Elizabeth, and the prudence of Burleigh, for the firft newspapers. In the British Museum there are seVeral newspapers, which had been printed while the Spanifti fleet was in the Eng lish channel, during the year 1588. It was a wife policy, to present, during a moment of general anxiety; the danger of falfe reports, by publishing real in formation. And the earliest newspa pers are entitled. The English Mercu ric, which, by authority, was imprinted at London, by Christopher Barker, her Highnefs's Printer, 1588. The firft newspaper which is preser ved in this collection is No. 50, and is in Roman, not in black letters. It contains the ufeful article? of news, the London Gazette of th? pre&nt day. In that curious paper there are news s dated from Whitehall, on the 23d of July 1588. Under the date of July the ;6th, there is the following notice: " Yesterday the Scots AmbalTador, be ing introduced by Sir Francis Wilfing ham, had a private audience of her Majesty, to whom he delivered a letter from the King fiis matter, containing the most cordial aflurances of his relolu tion to adhere to her Majesty's interests, and to those of the Pcoteftant religion. And it may not here be improper to take notice of a wife and spirited faying erf this young Prince (he was twenty, two) to the Queen's minister at his court, viz. That all the favor he did expect from the Spaniards, was the courtesy of Polyphenre to UlyfTes, to be the last devoured." We may defy the > Gazette of th 4 day to give a more de corous account of the introduction of a foreign minister. Burleigh's newspapers Were all Ex traordinary Gazettes, which were pub lished from time to time, as that pro found statesman wished either to inform or to terrify thi people. The Mercu ries were probably ftrft printed in April 1588, when the Armada approached the shores of England. After the Spa nish (hips had been dispersed by a won derful exertion of prudence and spirit, these extraoi'dinaiy Gazettes very sel dom appeared. The Mercurie, No 54, which i 3 dated oh Monday, Nov. 24, 1588, informed the public, that the folemu thanksgiving for the fuceefies which had been obtained against the Spanifti Armada, was this day ftri&ly observed. This number contains also an article of news from Madrid, which speaks of putting the Queento death, that were on boaid the Spanish fleet. We may suppose that such paragraphs were deligned by the policy of Burleigh, who understood all the artifice! of printing, to excite the terror of the English peo ple, to point their refen.tment against Spain, and to inflame their love for Eli zabeth. . It is a remarkable fail, which- history Was either too idle to afcerta'm, 6r too much ashamed to relate, that the arms of Cromwell communicated^.to Scotland, with other benefits, the firll newspaper ■Which had ever luminated the gloom, or dispelled the fanaticism of the North. — Each army carried its own printer with it, expecting either to convince by itsreafon ings, or delude by its faifchoods. King Charles carried Robert Barker with him to New Castle in 16; g ; and General Cromwell conveyed Chnftopher Higgins to Leith 1654. When Cromwell had there established a' citadel, Higgins re printed, in November 1651, which had been already publifiied at London, " A Diurnal of some passages, and affairs, for the information of the English soldiers." On the 31ft of December 1660, appear ed at Edinburgh, " Mercurius Caledoni us, comprising the affairs in agitation in Scotland, with a Purvey of Foreign intel l.gence." Thus Scotland was to enjoy the luxury of a Newspaper, which was of Scotifh manufacture 5 yet it only continu ed for ten numbers, which were yfry loy al, very illiterate, and very afteftedi By this failrne, there was not a Newspaper at the aeraof the Revolution. The few had doubtless inftrufted Hiemfelves, during several years, fbra the London Gazette ; and the many had been too busy, daring the late times, with the affairs of the o ther world, to be very anxious about the events of this ; even ten years clapfed af ter the Revolution, before it was deemed fafe by the public, or advantageous by an individual, to print a Newspaper. The firft private, not Royal newspaper J .nh/lQn — * « . 11 , .162 and was a week 1. Ed by other: , under the title of Weekly Currantoes ; in the civil wars, the Diur nal and various Mercuries came tdrth, which were increased in number during the reigns of Charles and James IF. In 1696, the coffee-houfes of London, ex clusive of the votes of Parliament every day,_ had nine newspapers every week ; but in the reign of Queen Ann, London tirft enjoyed the luxury of anewipaper e very day ; 1709 there was adaily paper, and seventeen other papers j in 1724 three daily papers were publilhed, and eigh teen others ; in 1753 the number of news papers fold in all England, according to an average of three'years preceeding, was 7)4H>757 the close of the late reign in 1760, it was 9,404,790 —it was 14.035,939—in 1791, was 14,794,153; and 111 1792, was; .15005,760. This forms such a phoenomenon of curiosity, po litical and ljterary, of riches universally diffufed, and of enquiry univerlally a wake, as has not been paralleled in shy o ther part of the world. Foreign Intelligence, NATIONAL CONVENTION. Sitting of the 2d August. On the 2d of August, Barrere made again feme mention of Robespierre, Dtffpotifm covered with seeming popn- said he, hid hardly disappeared when fertility came forth and diffufed its balm on every mir.d ; confidence re vived all hearts, the ciuzenS breathe and the armies applaud the eourage of the Convention. From the centre of Paris to the extremities of the Repnb lie, it was instantly and sensibly percei ved in all families, and in every known fuciety, that Robefpieire was preci pitated into the giare of conspira tors. Ajijuft 5. Bourdon de l'Oife proposed that all prisoners, whose arreftation was not juf tifiedbythe decree of the 9th Septem ber, (hould be released and that all the revolutionary cc" if the republic {hould be obV ' 1P re l®' tions and frit ids of t!«c pnflrt* 1 with the cauie and iriot:vesiyt tut arreftati on. (Under Robefpiiire's govern ment, it was in the power ot the revolu tionary committees, to arrest citizens, without being in the leal! obliged to inform them of what crime they were accused.) The proportion of Bourdon was adopted. Baffal desired that the committees of public and general fafety, and the Re presentatives sent into the departments (hould also be ordered, to give a speedy account of the motives which had in duced them to give orders for so many arreftations.—decreed. Fayan opposed the above decree. There is a law, said he, that no ptifoner can reclaim his liberty, before he has exhibited t certificate of his civifm. The opinion of Fayan caused loud and general murmurs. The days, replied TalUen arc pall, ■when an iron fecptre weighed down France, and dilated laws to the Con vention. Onr liberty has been recon quered in the night*- t>f the 27th and 28th of July ; file displays her favors again ; we ought not to enjoy them i alone, The people?command, and will also enjoy freedom. We are .'ar from defending aristocrats ffntenced to death but it is our duty to proteftthe inno cent who lift up their hands for aflift- ance. How can we conceal from these un happy victims, the horror committed by the oppreflbrs ?—»why Ihould we refufe to acquaint thetn with the mo tives of their ■ imprisonment ? No, no, was the general cry, we {hall not again be misled- as heretofore. I demand, therefore, continued Tallien, the con ( firmation of,the decree just now pafled. This was agreed to under loud and re peated acclamations of applause. Bourdon.—All prance mull know, that the opinion of Fayan was support ed by no one. A member proposed the suspension of that decree, which ordered the colon ids of the HStel de Maffiac,. (the name of the place where they held their fit tings) to be arretted. Bourdon opposed this motion ; all France, said he, is convinced, that these people have always conspired against the liberty of the colonies : I demand the order of the day, which was accoi dingly resolved. It wa3 decreed, that every disposition, order, and judgment, of all deputies sent in the different departments, ought to be transmitted with all poflible expedition to the national convention,becaufe many of the these commifiioners chosen by Ro bespierre, were accused to have acted like independent defpotsuitt ; the(r refpe&ive TJepartmffms~j~amohg others Uovere de nounced, and, (it being required ed his denunciation, that the moll block ing cruelties were committed in the southern departments, and that in one church at Avignon, 2,000 citizens, whose only crime it was to be worth 15,000 livres. were incarcerated. PARIS, August 6. Merlin of Douai in his report on the new organization of the revolutionary tribunal, made use amongst others of the following remarkable expressions. " The public accuser fliall no more exercise a despotic authority, and arbi trarily drag the citizens before the tri bunal. The accused may again juftify himfelf, and chufe bi» defender. Those who are only fufpc&ed fliall be treated with decency and moderation. The public (hall no more be scandalized with feeing a citizen dragged before blood thjrfty judges for a crime he had alrea dy been cleared of. The tribunal of justice (hall no longer referable a den of cut-tlnoats, whose fentepces were like those of the second and third of Sep tember. The conspirators spoke only ol justice, it belongs to us to exercise it. We ought to. be inexorable but humane. Terror fliall no longer pre side jnftead of justice. Citizens be tran quil, Sylla js no more." Dubok dc CrwtT m*#>% fvfeid he, cnt»vte«toh«t tf«y design** am»cd, ; »ith a -dagg«i "** JJ. hangn&n had inf o tyg«3, I have dfiirercdthe republic <£both mp ftcra vlio tyra sized over b&. Let tu ' turn, fa* h tbe 3T.»P' flw ' arotftD faff' 1 ' tithtf'iingi tußattr Mr Hraut. The affcm!»fy rtffc aodtOok th» llcmn baft. Th« feews wh«t, the i£6mbi*ff m»y hope *«>«* fate change. Dubowde Cram* a fg' WM b 6 fArted. .fj LONDON, Sept. 4. The Spanish government have pub lished an address to the People, for the avowed pnrpofe of tranquilizing their minds with refpeit to the present situa tion of affairs. The Address itfelf, so far from being of a quieting tendency, only goes to prove that the, Spanish Court are themselves undef the influ ence of the most serious alarm ! PHILADELPHIA, NOVEMBER 6^ Says a Qorrefpondent, There i* in each of our large towns, at least one newspaper constantly em ployed to expose our own government, the government of the people, to the contempt and hatred of our own citi zens, and of foreign nations. Are not these Printers in the pay of fame foreign nation? It is well known that when the peace of 1783 was fettled, more than one European Government wilhed to clip the American wings, to narrow our territory, to funender the Cod Filhery, and to make us Colonies once more, with the name of Independ ence. British influence is a cant word ; if it exists, (hame on the dupes who yield to it—(hame on him that yields to any foreign influence. But what influence is it that brings out the uuexhaulted calumny on the President, the officers of government, the administration, and the constitution —Is it American influence ? j Honor thylelf, is a maxim for Ame rica. The General Advertiser, the In dependent .Chronicle, apd the Patriotic Register, inculcate another—Abase thy i felf--as if they brought the guvernhient : down to the leval of their notions of pa j triotilm, by making the world think meanly of it. The late rebellion (hews that the. people of the United States have not formed their estimate of the rational fyflem from the mifrepretenta tions and caricatures of those licencious Gazettes. Letter from Hamhtrgh, dated ZO Augufl, 1794, To a merchant in this City. SIR, THE French have conquered all the Austrian Nether land*, & are now attack ing Holland with a very formidable Ar my. These lich and important pro vinces are defended by what remains of the allied Armies ; the Troops are how ever not only much harrafled, but also so greatly reduced in number, from the long and bloody ct.nteft, that there re mains little doubt they will also be obli ged to yield here to the superiority of their viftoiious, always encreafing ene my. Tile probability of this event has naturally occalioned general alarm in Holland. Tra le is there totally at a stand, and much property removing to this place. Several of our friends at Amsterdam and Rotterdam, have come to the resolution to land no more goods, and have in consequence sent foiward to us, different (hips, which we are now • discharging. This place has thus be come the Asylum, atid, in a manner, the Emporium of the Noith. Such an important arid sudden increase of trade must naturally at firft occasion a glut and great deprefTion of prices, however as the quantity of the imported articles is not augmented, but only the channel of their importation altered ; the con sumption will soon follow, and take off the Redundancy. Trade will then re vive with redoubled vigour and encreafe the importation and corifumption of this market confidtrably. As to the prices of our articles of ex port, they continue, a few excepted, the fame as quoted in our former price currents. It theiefore becomes unne cefTary to trouble you with a copy. You will only be pleased to remark that, from the great demand for hemp, iron, Ruflia and Westphalia linens, these articles have experienced an ad vance. Petersburg dean hemp cannot be put on under L. StcrL 28 a ■ ton, Sivd.fh assorted iron L. Sterl. ig itirffia a. 0 Westphalia linens -ftcm ic to 40 p. C. dearer than our lad quotation. By this Day's Mail. NORFOLK, OAofeer iB. By the brig Molly Capt. Gould LinnelL from Madeira, -we are informed that on the jyth September, 111 commemoration of our present happy Conftitiition, Mr. Pintard, the American Conlul at that it land, gave adinner to all the matters of A merican vefTels then in port, thirteen in number—to wit: Capt. Goodrich, of the brig Eliza, of New-York. Capt. M'Collon, of ihe Catherine, of Philadelphia, Capt. "1 ra vers, of the Martha of Balti more. Capt. Kcan, of the tagie of do. Capt. Wooldridge, of the Aurora cf Marblehead. Capt. Allen of the Pallas, of Boston. Cap. Linnell of the the Mol ly of Norfolk. Capt. Prowers, «f the George, of Portsmouth, Capt. PaH v mer, of the Providence of New-York. Capt. Prince, of the Prihce and Liberty, of do. Capt. Dyer, of the Ranger, of Penobfcot. Capt. Gore, of the Loran cy, of New-York. And Capt. Benjamin Ward, of the Enterprize, of do. Mr. Pintard on the evening of the 26th requeflcd the Captains ot tlie dilftrent vel fels to hoist their colours at fun rife, and give three cheer», and gave to each of the Captains a lift of tht veflUs, am; when they were to cheer, beginning from the brig Eliza, Capt. Goodrich, who lay the westernmost vefTel, and ending with ' the Enterprize, Capt. Ward—Capt Ward was at Mr. Pintard*' houfc and received the lift from with apparent fatisfaction, but on the morning of tke 17th. when the other vefTels hoiited their colours and cheered, Capt. Benjamin Ward did not think proper to hoist his colours. This conduit greatly surprised every American in port, and it was intimated to Mr. Pintard that Cpat. Ward was dil'pleafcd at being put down laftonthe lift. Mr. Pintard immediately wrote him a letter, copy of which Capt. Linnell has favored us with—Capt. Ward took no notice of it. The next day, "on the 18th when he went to clear out at the Consul's office. Mr. Pintard with great pohtenefs alked Capt. Ward to explain what he meaut by not hoisting his colours, to which Captain Ward answered with irr.p.rtinence, that he Would not hoist his colours but when hepleafed. The American matters in port were so enraged with Capt. Ward's conduct, that it was with difficulty they : wer« rcftrained by Mr. Pintard, from taking his yards from his mails. The following are the toasts that were . drank at Mr. Pintard's table, on the 17th September. 1. The United States of America. 1. The PreCdentof the United States. 3. The Vice President. 4. The Senate and House of Reprefen. tatives—may they never forget the true | interest of their conftitueuts. 5. Mr. Jay and success to his erobaiTy. 6- The French Republic. 7. Success to the Poles in their glorious struggle. 8. Our unfortunate countrymen in cap tivity at Algiersi and a fpeedyrelief to them. 9. The 4th of July, 1776—may Ame ricans remember it with pleasure, aud ty rants tremble when they think of it. Jo. The Fifteen Stripes—may they ne ver be entrusted to any one who is afham td or unwilling to lhew them. 11. To the memory of the American . heroes who have fallen in the cause of li berty. 19. The friends of liberty throughout the world. 13. The American Fair. 14. Col. Humphries, oqr minister rc lident at the Court of Portugal. 15. The day and all who honor it. Ottober 29. Extracl of a letter from Liverpool, It a gentleman in this town, dated dugujl 27^,1794. _ " The Fame, Capt. Qavis, an Ame rican (hip, which had laden with tobac co in Rappahannoc river, fry this port, was taken ten s•o by I French fri gate; but Capt. D, sand his men rose upon the 1*:-;iiih ;