Life of Howard.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED,
)i O R B M R O 1),
(Price 75 Cents)
At Franklin's Head, No. 41, Cbefnut
Street,
A VIEW of the
Life, Travels and Philan
thropic Labours,
of the late
JOHN HOWARD, Esq. L. L. D.
F. R. S.
Emhsllilhed with a ftrtking likeness of that
Ciuze". ol the World.
BY JOHN AIKEN, m. D.
To which is filbj lined an ODE inscribed to
John Howaiii, by William Hayley,E<q.
FROM realm to realm y with cross or
cejcent cro Cjii d y
Wh ere*er mankind and tnifery are found,
O tr burfiing funds, deep waves* or wilds
of J/IO IV,
Great HOWARD journeying seeks the
house of doe,
Down many a winding Jlep to dungeons dank,
Where angui/h wails aloud, and fetters clank:
jTo caves ieflrew\d with many a mouldering
bone,
And cells, whose echoes only learn to groan;
—Onward he trioves !—Difeafe and death
retirei
And murm' ring demons hate him, and ad
mire.
Sep}. ).
Medical Books.
JUST PUBLISHED,
By Thomas Dobfon, at the Stone Hoilfe
No. 41, south Seco d Jlreet,
V O L. 11.
MedLcaJ Inquiries .
OB S E rYA TION S.
By BENJAMIN RUSH, M. D.
ProfelTor of *he Inftitutcs ot MecUcinc, and
of Clinical Pra£lite in the UnWer
fityot Fcnnfyivania.
conta I n IN G
1. An inquiry into the influence of phyftca
cutties uj>on thi moral faculty.
*. An ftittftb* effett* as fyiritous li
quors upon thy human body, anil their in
fluence upon the hap pine fs of I'kiety.
g An inquiry into the causes and cure of the
pulmonaiy por^umptiori.
4. O ifctvdfions on the fyrnptumsfcnd curedf
clrwpfies.
5> fln Inquiry in'tft the ca'uiesand the cure ol
i iteriril dropsy of the brain.
6. Ari account of the measles, al they ap
peared 1 in Pniladelphid, in the $ tar 1789.
7. An a jcount ot the infticnz<i, asjtajjpear
ed in Philadelphia in the years 1789,4790,
and 179*
THfy into ijie ca'ufes ol tlie increase
of amt-ULffiittirtg fevers, in P^ng
ft'lilama.' ,
£ t fta iuquiry iitto the esufesand cure ai fore
: le-e*. '; ''' '' '' :1 . : '' .
10. An ac«out*t of the ft'ste ol tfie.body a'nd
old afgc, w»th 6bfeiVat|o?u upon
its jrlifeaffrs and their remedies.
l»i ice one dollar and a quarter unbound, or
one dollar and a half neatly b©ui.d.
Medical ; Tranfactions
OF THE
College of Physicians of Philadelphia.
° V OL. I.—iP ART. 1.
Price one dollar in boards^
A Treatise on the Diseases oi
Children.
With general directions for the management
of Infants from the birth, adapted for
theuieof physicians and private families.
By Michael Underwood, M. D.
Licentiate of Midwifery in the Royal Col-
lege of Physicians in London, and
Phyiician of the British
Lymg-in-Hofpital.
Price one Dollar,
This is acknowledged to be the befl bool
vhieh has been published on the fubjeft, ant
it calculated for the use of parents, nurses,
and private families, as well as for physicians
—The two volumes handsomely printed in
one, and the price only about one th id of
what ihe imported copies fell for.
The Edinburgh New Dispensatory, two
dollars.
System of Surgery, extra&ed from the
■works of Benjamin Bell, by Dr. Waters, 2
dols. 50 cents.
System of Anatomy, extracted from the
Encyclopaedia, with 1 2 copperplates, 2 ddls.
System of Chetniftry, extra fled from the
Encyclopaedia, exhibiting? view of the prow
grefs of the fciencee* and the different systems
which have been published, 2 dols. 50 cents.
Brown's Elements of Medicine, 2 dols,
67 ccnts.
T. Dob/on has in the Press,
An cdi :oii ot chc Medical and Philofophi
cat Commentaries Two vel
umes are printed In one at 2 dollars and 50
cents per volume; he has nearly finifhed the
five firft volumes, which contain the firft ten
volumes of the European edition, which fell
for two Nine volumes will in
clude eighteen European volumes, which
will briog the publication up to the present
time.
Liiewi/e fir falea confiderabh number o>
mr. j* *t» » '
Medical Books, was.
Cullen's Praflice, Materia Mcdica, Physi
ology, and Synopsis. Bell's Surgery, 6 vols,
or 4 vols, do. on Ulcers, Buchan's Domestic
Medicine, Ledran's Surgery, Chefelden's A
netomy, Hunter On the Venereal, Swedeea
▼cr on do. R6IIO on Weft India Diseases;
Rigby on Uterine Hemorrhage, Hamilton's
Outlines of the theory and practice of Mid
wifery, with or without plates; do. on the
mamgemer.t of female complaints. Mease
©n Hydrophobia, Ac. Ac.
Fine Liverpool
To Be Sole!'
From the Ship Thomas,
1 he fccond wharf below Pine-Street, ap
ply at fait] wharf, to
Jehu Hollingfworth, & Co.
Aug. 26. d.
Ph'ilad. Cel. 2, 1794.
His Britannic Majesty's
Confu! G neral l|.r the Middle ani South
em States of America, gives this public
tiottCe to the Merclwnts and Ti aders,whom.
it i.jay <-oncern, that the admission n{ Pro
vrf«>"s and Lumber, in Foreign Veflels, in
to I lie several Ports of the Bahama Jflands
will cominue uniil the ill day of April next
—and will be further continu-d, until 3
months notice to the contrary fliall have
I hern previously given.
Card Ess Nail FaEfory,
No. 59, north Front street,
Webster, Adgate & White,
Have conjlantly for fale y
Cotton, Wool, Tow, and
Machine Cards,
Of alt Kindt,
Cut ot all.sizes,
.Floor B r ad<, Spfigs and TapWs,
Fullers Shears, Gun Flinti and Wool
Ha s
1 »
A quantity of kiln dried Indian Meal in
barrels
ItntayU).
A new Edition of Adgate's Phifadelplia
Harmony, containing both the firftandfc.
cond parts, being the most approved sys
tem of Rules and the bed collection of
Tunej now in use,
A COMPLETE SET OF
Machinery for making Cards
ies
On an Improved Conftruftion.
Oft. 2 w&stf
Scheme of a Lottery,
7o raise 39,900 Dollars, on 266,000 Dollars f
Lhdufiui£ 15 pea CenU from the Prizes—
I his Lottery confijis of 38 .000 Tickets, in
which there die 14,531 r izes, and 23,461
Blank!, b;i*g about we and an half blanks to
a pci&e.
THE Dire&orsof the S«c/ety for eftabiifh
irig Ufeful Manufactures, having rcfolv
ed to ercOi LOTTERIES lor raiftng' Owe
ftv NDREjy Thousand Dollars, agieeably
to an Aft of the Legislature of the St.ite of
New-Jetfcy, have appointed the following
petfons 10 superintend and dire# the draw
ing of the fame,, viz. Nicholas Low, Rufus
King, Herman Lc Roy, James Watfop,
Riclfard Ha.nifo'n, Alijah Hammoifd, ihd
Cornelius Ray, of the city of !SJew-Yoik—
Thomas Joseph Hall,-Matthew M«-
Connel and Andr'cW Bayard, of the city of
Philadelphia—His j£x"ccTleticy Richard How
ell, Esq. Elw's ftoudinot, General Elias Day
ton, Jamcs Parker, John Bayard, Do£lo r
Lewis Samutl W. Stockton, Jo.'hua
M. Wallace, Joseph fjloomfield, and Elifha
Boudinot, of Ncw-Jerfey, who offei the
following Scheme of a Lottery, and pledge
themselves to the public, that they will take
erery aflurancc and precaution in their power
to have the Monies paid by the Managers,
from time 10 time, ai received, into the
Banks at New-Yoik and Philadelphia, to
remain lor the purpose of paying Prizs,
which rball be immediately discharged by a
check upon one of tfie Banks.
SCHEME:
Prize of 20,000 Dollys is 20,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
36,000
81,000
1 IQ,OOO
2 5,000
5 2,000
10 1,000
20 500
100 100
300 .5©
1000 20
2000 15
gooo 12
8100 10
M'fi39
23,461 Blanks. First drawn number, 2,000'
Laftcirawq number, 2,000
38.090 Tickets at 7 Dollars each is 266.000
The drawing will commence, under the
infpeftion of a Committee of the Superin
tendants, as soon as the Tickets are fold, of
which timely notice will be given.
The Supcrintendants have appointed John
N. Cumming, of Newark, Jacob R. Ha.-
denberg, of New-Brnnfwick, and Jonathan
Rhea, of Trenton, as immediate Managers
thereof, who have given ample security for
discharging the trust reposed in them.
J3T In order to secure the pun&ual pay
ment of the Prizes, the Superintendants of
the Lottery have diretted that the Managers
(hall each enter into bonds in 40,000 dollars,
with four fufficient securities, to perform their
inftruflions, the substance of which is
I. That whenever either of the Managers
shall receive the sum of Three Hundred Dol
lars, he {Hall immdjately place the fame in
one of'thc Banks of New-York or Philadel
phia, to the cieditof the Governor of the
Society, and such of the Superintendants as
live in the city where the monies are placed,
io remain thereuntil the Lottery is drawn,
'or the payment of the Prizes.
11. Ttye Managers to take fufficient fe
cni ity for any Tickets they may trust,
wife to be refponiibfe for them.
111. To keep regular books of Tickets
fold, Monies received and paid into the
Bank, abftrafts of which shall be sens,
monthly, to the Governor of the Society.
Paterfon, January 1, 1794.
On application to either of the above gen
jemen, information will be given where
tickets may be had.
February 24.
The Lottery pujliflied by the
Society for eftabllfbing ufeful nanufac-
will commence drawing the firft
Ttiefday in November next
PHI.
.ADELPHIA:—Printed by JOHN FENNO, No. 119, Chesnvt Street—Price Six Dollars Per Annum
Salt,
AT THE
Alfv for Sale,
262,000
m&ftf
Applications on Business
within my Agency for lupplying with pio
virtons thejMilitialately callen into lervice
—may be made in this city to Meflrs. Whe
len and Miller, at the corner ot' Market
and fourth ftrcets.
Elie Williams,
■Agent for t)?e United States in the Provi
sion Department.
Sent-. 16
TO BE SOLD,
By THOMAS DOBSON,
A N
Alphabetical Lift
OF th£
DUTIES
Payable by law on all Goods, Wares, and
Merchandize imported into the United
Saates of A.nerica, after the 1 aft day of
June 1794, rut."; payable
on thole imported in ships or velle s of the
Unitcd.States—and the raie« payable in fo
reign ships or velle Is, including tie addi
tional duties, to whicUthe refpr&i've ar ti
des are liable.
The French Language
raught ur^
M. B A R T,
North Second Street, No. 158,
WHO begs leav« to inform .is Friends
and the Public, that he intends to inftruft
in that Tongue, a number of Scholars on
reasonable term -. Those who will be plea
sed to employ him, {ball be exactly attend
ed to at their own Appartments.
Sept. 17
STATE of SOUTH-CAROLINA
In the House of Representatives,
pi ckmbt r 2ill, 1793.
WHEREAS the Commrflioners ol pub
lic Accounts,have reported, that they
cannot procced to the i nveftigation of the
Trealury Accounts, relpefting special In
dents, without knowing ihc outstanding a
mount tliercol in cii,c,ul'««iion: —-TherdEare.
Jiejotvcdf That all hplders of special In
dents be directed, dnd reduin ct, on of before
the firft day o," NoVymbei 11. Xt, to deliver the
special Inden*s in their pollcllion to one or
other of the Commimouers the Treasury,
who are to give r< cci pis lor the fa ine, and to
»eport to ibc ConnuiHioncrs on public ac
counts, on or befotc the unth day of Nov
ember next, the i rrount by theoa refpe&tve
ly received, and alio 10 the Legislature, at
their meeting jn Novembei next, ai%i that
all special Indents not rendered into the
Trealury a» above, on or beiore the firll day
ol November next, shall be, and the fame
are heuby barred.
Rejolved, Th-ai public notice of this refolu
t>«n be kjiveii m Ihi foveral Gazettes in this
Siatc, oncc every thi ce werki, un i l the fit ft
day o{ n;xi. And 'hat the Dele
gatevof 1 KuXtau- ill ol the U»'-
ied States, he rcqitriicd io taufe this rciolu
tiog to br publn'hwd inonc 01 inurepapets
in the citit & pi Puiiadfjphia and Nrw-Yotk,
and that provifiiin will be made tor the ex
pehces attrct>ding luch publication. '
Ordere4i That i'hc. refo'ntion be sent to
the «Senatc tor theirconrui r£uce.
By oirieiof the HoufV,
JOHN SAN FOR L> DART, C.R.R.
In the SENStfE,
December s>ift,i793.
Retched, That this do concur with
the Houie of Reprcfcntaiivcs in the forego
ing resolutions.
Ordatd, That the resolutions be lent. to
the Houieof Reprefcntativcs. *
by order of the 'fir hate,
FELIX WARLEY Cterk.
cwt N»
JUST PUBLISHED,
And for sale at
Mathcw Carey s Store,
No. i-iB," Marker Arret,
Prici halT" a 4oUaT, euibfillifhed with a
finking Hkenefj of Mr Margarot,
The TRIAL
O F
Maurice Margarot,
Before the High Court of Jujliciary at
Edinburgh, on an. iiujiStiUHt for '
SEDITIOUS PRACTICES.
" OF the many remarkable trials which
the pre lent extraordinary fvftem of crinii
□al jurisprudence in G. Britain and Ireland
has brought betore the public eye ; this,
certainly is ir.uft entitled to univcrfai pe
rufaland attention. Jjt devclopes, moie
fulfv tlian any publication extant, the lat
est view« and dWjc&s of the Brffci'jh convan
tion ; and proves inoonteftibly, that judi
cial prosecutions (or pertecutioiuf and de
cisions are now more the rei'ult of the pre
sent order of things, than any old fafhion
ed attachment to the laws or the conftitn
Hon. Add to this, that it holds op to tli'e
wonder and admiration of mankind, the
the firm, manly, and patriotic conduct of
this devoted victim—this' Second Sydney,'
as he hasjwftlyand deservedly been called;
who in the courle of one of the lorgeft tri
als we know of, iir a (lifted even by a single
member of the Jong robe, evinced such a
depth of legal and conftitutiontil know
ledge and, in a of four hours
length, displayed such a blaze of eloquence
and firfl rate abilities, as aftoiiiihed
the coun—and, ft range to rtlate ! even
drew involuntary applmfe from the veoal
and time-serving creav re of a corrupt go
vernment."
Manchester Cotton
GOODS,
Five Chejls ajjorted;
Each Containing
VELVETS,
THICKSETTS.
Queen cords,
ELLIOT COftDS,
FUSTIANS, &rc. &c.
To be Sold on very low terms, by
Miller, jun.
John
Sept. 3.
Public Notice is hereby
given,
To the Freemen of the 6Uy and County
of P hdacfalphia,
THAT a GENErtAL ELECTION is
to be held for the city and county atorefaid
on Tuesday the 14th clay ol O&ober next,
at the State House iu the city o Philadel
phia, where the Freemen of the diftriftof
Southuarkj and of the townfti ps of the
Northern Liberties Moyanjenfiug, PasT
) unk, Hlntkfey, and are also
10 hold,their election < The Freemen of j
the townships of. Ge»n . ntown, Koxbo
rough, and Brifto!, are to hiAd their elec
tions at the Union School-house in Ger
mintown : And the Freemen hf the other
towjifhips in ihe laid count , are to hold
their elections at the house now or late of
John Karnfley, in Buftletown, n the
towojhip ol Lower Dublin. The Judges
In'pe&ors, &c. fqr the prdent year, tobe
chosen according to the direction of tbeJate
a<sl to iegulatc the General Elections ; and
the returns to be made as usual. Thee
le&ion to be opened between the hours Jof
te ; in the morning and one in the after
noon ; nt which places the E eJiors of the
city ar.d county m c to choose,
foplOf
In Cengrefs. 4
' One Representative lor ttWB-.City of
liiladelp ,t .)ia ( and
Owe Jitprefeiitative for the County of
'
For i.he city of Philadelphia, for the coun
ty of Do. and tor the county ot Dela
ware.
Four persons for JReprefentatives of the
Senate.
In General Affemlly.
Six.perfonc for for 'the,
City.
Six pfrfonsfor Reprefeutativei for the
County.
*eod2W
Two pcrfons for Sheriffs for the City
and County.
One Commiflioner for the City and Coun-
ty-
And the Cotifbbles of the City and
County are required to hold their elections
in their refyeWards and Townftlip?
on Saturday the ntli day ot October next
to elett Towntbip andj\Vard AjJj iTors and
Jrtfpeftors, to attend at the (aid Generfcf
Eleition at the State Hoiife aforefaid.
William Will,
Sheriff".
OA. i
Just Landed,
From on hoard the Jhip Wajliington, Copt.
John Collins from Bcurdeaux,
A CARGO OF
Whit 6 Wines
In Barrels ; and
CLARET
in Hhds. and Cases—For Sale by
FRJNCIS COPPJNGER,
No. 26, Spruce, near Front Street,
Anguff i 5, 1794.
Carriages-for Hire.
GEORGE GREEN.;
In Pine street, No. 123, between
Fourth and fifth streets, '
HAS FOR HIRE.
_ BY the Day, the newest f.fhioned Car
riages, as Coaches, Coachees, Cha
riots and Light Waggons, with two
or four Hori'es, and careful steady drivers.
The terms reasonable, and all (favors grate
fully acknowledged.
Augult s6,
Lachawannock.
A LARGE body of LAND on this river
and its waters, is now for sale to Settlers on
ly,on moderate terras,and at a long credit.
The foil is remarkably fertile, and nu
merous streams of waterare interspersed
through the whole country.
The :na;r, river flows through one tract
of about thirty thoufarid acres, and is with
lie exception of one obftru&ion, naviga
ble to the Snf'quehannah.
Spi ing Brook Creek, ,which with its
branchejj waters another tract of about
forty thousand acres of good Land, emp
ties irfelf into the Lacbaw&nnock", about
twelve nrles from the Sulqucbannah.
It affords numerous Mil) f.-ats, & in its
course creates large bodies of well water
ed meadow ground.
The other tracts arc interfered bycrcaks
of conlid*uable importance.
Several Mills are already erected for the
accommodation of the settlers.
Roads ace cut in different directions, to
wards the molt convenient markets.
The county town is not more than 12
mlei distant from many parts of the set
tlement.
The Sufquehanrwh affords an easy and
fafe navigation to Middleton, from whence
the Canal to Schuylkill extends the" com
munication to the city.
Another means of connexion with Phi
ladelphia, is by the Delaware, which
the diitance infevemlplaces is aboutthirty
miles.
The' proprietors combining theirown in
rereft with that of" the inhabitants, are dif
poled to erert works of pub.ic i:tilitv,open
uoads, &c. and in every tn ijiile» square, a
tract of one hundred acres is allotted for a
School, and one hundred acres for thefirft
resident clergyman of any denomination of
Chrjftians.
For further particulars apply to
George Eddy.
Wilkes-Barre, Luze'ne County,
Per.nfylvania, July 9.
LettersdireAed tn George Eddy, at Phi
ladelphia, or this place, relative to this,
bufinefSjWiil be duly anlwered. eodgm
FOR SALE,
At the STORES of
Jeffe & Robert Wain,
PORT WINE in pipes, hhds. and qua'r
ter calks
LISBON do.in pipes and quarter calks
Souchong and Congo TEAS, in gnarter
chests
A quantity of Liftion and Cadiz SALT
Soft flielled ALMONDS in bales
Velvet CORKS, in do.
Russia MATTS.
J»"« 9 d
| Whereas an attach
ment at the foil of the adminiftmtorsoi all
and lingular the goods and cha*r e |., ri htj
and credits, which were of William Bur
net deceaied, at the time of his death
hath been ifluedout of the lnferioi.r Coin t
of common pleas, in and for the Cuunfjof
Mirldlefex, agaiuft the Goods and Chatt .es
lands and Tenements cf Ircnfus Martin
late of the county aforefaid, returnable to
the thirdTuefday in July last. NOTICE
is hereby given to the said Ireqius Martin
that unless he appear and file special bail to
the said acftion, on or before the third Tues
day in January next, judgment will be en
tered against him by default, and the goods
and chatties, lands and tenements (o at
tached, fold'for the iatisfatficn of such of
his creditors as (hall appear to be justly in
titled to any demand thereon, an<' ibal {ap
ply for that purpose, according to thefonn
of the flatute in fucli cafe mad'rSr providtd
By order of the Court,
DEARK, Clerk.
i awtf.
Aug. TO,
wanted,
Two Apprentices
To the Printing Bufinels. Enquire at this
Office.
Tradts of Land,
in Virginia.
ONE trail in Frederick county, contain
ing 8756 acres, being part ofthat whereon
col. Thomas Bryan Martin row relides
known by the name of Greenway court, a
bout 12 miles from Winchester ;*nd 5 lr< m
Newtown. For the convt ience of pur
chasers, it will be divided into parcels of
various dimenlions from 200 to 600 acres,
whichmaybe vitwed by application to col
R. K. Meade, living near thepremifes
The greater part is very fertile and well
timbered.
eodtE
Another tiaft in the fame county on
Paflage, creek,' containing 230 acres, a',itl
adjoining Jacob Levingoods.
Another tract in Hamplhije county,con
taining by patent, 699 acres, called Slim
Bottom, situate on both fides of tne South
Braiichand within two miles of the mouth
of it, and is supposed to have a good juill
feat. 1
Another tradt in Haraplbire couiuy on
New Creek and Kettle-Lick , containing
Jo 1 acres.
Another trad in Prince William county,
ca'led Leefylvai;ia, containing upwards of
acres, lyingupon Potomack river, a
b 'Ut 23 miles below Alexandria, and 28
below the City of Walhirgton, compre
hending Freestone Point, which appears to
be a quarry of fr'e.ftonc, covering about,
5O acres and adjoins the river, wijere vef-
I'els ol 100 tons conveniently harbour. On
another part of this trait it isiuppofed there
is a quarry of Hate, convenient to water
carriage. Upwards of two thirds are 111
woods. Mr. Enochs. Lane, living on the
premises, will (hew this tract.
Another tract, in Fairfax county, called
Springfield, containing 2040 1-2 acres, a.
bout 13 miles from Alexandriaand 10from
■\Vaftiington ; abounds with fine springs and
meadow ground, and may be seen by apply
ing to Mr. John Wood, Jiving on part of
it
ddteojw
Anothertradl in Fairfax county, con
taining 392 acre«, 011 Turkey-cock Run, a
bout 6 miiesfrom Alexandria.
Another tract in Fairfax county, contain
ing about 176 acres, adjoining Mr. J. Wat
fon'sfeat, about lour miles from Alexan
dria.
Another tract, in Fairfax county, con
tainingji3 acres, near Occoquan, joining
Mr. Edward Wafhingion's.
Another tract, in Fairfax county, con
taining 80 acres or thereabout, withih x
mile of Poliick Landing, and within five
miles of Mount Vernon, lies and is
well timbered.
An undivided moret'y i n another tract,
containing abtmi 284 acres, in Fairfax
cpuoty, about 5 miles from Waibington, fc
9 from Alexandria, whpre j. RobinsOn £*r.
merly lived,
Another parcel of land, within a mile
of Alexandria ,containing about 24 acres,
and to be fold in acre or half-acre Jots.
Also, fundrv unimproved ioti ofvariouj
sizes, in different parts of the town of <?U
---exandria.
1 odefcribe the premises more particu
larly is deemed unneceflary, as it is expec
ted every person will examine and view
whatever part he shall be inclined to buy.
My only object being to raise a certain funi
°i money, by felling so many or such parts
of the aforefaid trads of land and Jots as
lhall be necefiary for (hit purpose, one half
of the purchase money mult be paid at the
time oi contrast, and the other within a
year from the firft day of August aext, and
at the time of delivering pofl'eflion or exe
cuting a kgal comeyance Tliq lands re
mami/ig unfold, except the Prirce
William, after railing a limited Turn, Will
be divided into tenements, and leafed for
? trnn of years. From the I'athday of Oc
tober next, till the i jth of Dtceinbr, I
lhall be in the city of Richmond, and afte.'
that time I shall remain at hoine, in Alex
andria, at which places, or elsewhere, *1
(hall be prepared to detail particulars, and
to enter into contracts.
Alexandria, July 28
Ang. 8
FOR SALE,
the following
CHARLES LEE.
iawiO\r