From the American Daily jittJenifer.
To the P*opi.e of the ITnitfD States
LETTER I.
IT has from the firft cftablifliment
of you* prefen: conltitirtion been pre
di<sted, tint every occafioh of ferioue
embarrassment which (hould occur in the
affairs of tbe government—every mis
fortune it (hould experience, whe
ther produced from its own faults 01
mistakes, or from other causes, woulo
be the signal of "an attempt to over
throw rt, or to lay the foundation of its
overthrow, by defeating the exercise
of constitutional and necefTary authori
ties. The disturbances which havt
recently broken out in the western
Counties «f Pennsylvania, furnifh an
bccaiuin of this fort. It remains to fee
whether the prediftior, which has been
' quoted, proceeded frtim an unfounded
jealouly excited \>y partial differences of
opinion, or was a just inference from
catifei inherent in the ftruttme of our
political institutions. Everr tirtnous
man, every good citizen, and especial
ly every TRUE republican mull fer
vently pray, that the iiftie may confount'
lind Yiot confirm so ill omened a pre
diction.
Your firm attachment to the govern
ment you have eftablifhcd cannot be
doubted.
If a-proof of this were wanting to
animate the confidence of your public
agents, it wonld be fufficient to remark,
that as often as any attempt to count
ternct its measures appear, it is careful
ly prepared by ltrong profeflionS of
friendfhip to the govemrtient; and dis
avowals of any intention to injure it.
This can only result from a conviftibn,
that the government carries with it
your affections ; —and that an attack
upon it to be fuccelaful, must veil the
flroke under appearances of good will.
It is therefore very important that
Yt>u (hould clearly discern in the prt
fent iililarice, the fliape in which a de
sign of turning the exilting inlurredioii
to the prejudice of the government
would naturally aflfume. Thus guard
ed, you will more readily difcovcr and j
iDore easily (hun the artful snares which ,
may. be laid Jp entangle your feeling ;
and your judgment, and will be the less
apt to be milled from the path by which
alone you cat) givfc security and perma- :
nency to the blessings you enjoy, and
can avoid the incalculable mifchiefs in
cident to a subversion of the just and ne
cessary authority of the laws.
The design alluded to, if it (hall be
entertat'iiedj would tiot appear in an
open jultifitatiiih of the principles or
condtift of the insurgents, Or in a di
rest diflfuafton from the support of the i
governments T.iefe methods would ;
produce geneial indignation and defeat '
the objefl. It is too absurd and (liock- i
ing i polition to bediieftly maintained, !
tliat forcible refiltance by a sixtieth part '
of the community to the leprefentative
will of the whole, and Jto lortfti'iiti
onal laws exprefl'ed by that will, and ac
quiesced in by the people at large, isjuf- !
tifiable or even cxcufable. It is a po- j
lition too untenable and difgultful to
be directly advocated—that the govern- •
tnent ouglit not to be supported ill ex
ertions to ellabli(h the authority of the !
laws again It a relillance so incapable of
juftification or excufc.
The adverfai ies of good order in eve
ry country have too great a (hare of
Cunning, too exact a knowledge of the
human heart, to pursue so unpromising
a cause. 1 iiofe among us would take
Upon the present occalion or.e far more
artful, and consequently far more dan- 1
gerous.
They would unite with good citizens,
and pehaps be among the loudest in con
demning the disorderly conduct of the
jnftirgentS. They would agree that
it is utterly tinjuftifiable, contrary to
the vital,principle of republican govern- \
ment, and of the most dangerous ten
dency-—But they would at the fame !
time, (lily add, that excise laws aic ]
pernicious things, very hostile to liberty, ,
(or perhaps they might more smoothly
1 ment that the government had been 1
imprudent enough to pass laws so con- 1
trary to the genius of a free people) |
and they would still more cautiously hint (
that it is enough for those who difap- j
prove of such laws to submit to them
t >0 much to expeit their aid in enforc
ing them upon others, They would be f
apt to intimate,further, that there is lea- ]
son to believe that the Executive has 1
been to blame, foinetimes by too much t
forbearance, encouraging the hope that t
laws would not be enfotced, at other 1
times in provoking violence by severe t
aud irritating measures; and they would
gene ally remark, with an affedtation of r
moderation and prudence, that the cafe j
is to be lamented, but difficult to be re- E
friedied ; and that a trial of force would
tie delicate and dangerous ; that there t
~ " !» no foTefeeing to# W It would
•id ; that it is "better to t«fc- j
por-ze. and by mild means to allay the
s .ermc.it and afterwards to remove the
, aufc by repealing the exceptionable
' JWt.
1T They would probably also propose,
e ">y anticipation of and in conceit with
16 he views of the insurgents, plans of
u iwocraflination. They would fay
8 .i force mull finally be resorted to let it
e " not be till after Congref* have bcca oon
'' lulled, who, if they think fit to perfilt
.11 continuing the laws, can make addi
tional provlfibn for enforcing their exe
cut ion. This too, they would argue,
. will afford an opportunity for tiie pub
lie sense to be better known, which (if
,f afcertainvd to be in favor of the laws)
n will.givt the goverement a greater affur
n ance offuccefsi in measures of coercion.
' By these means, artfully to divert
" YO*jr attention from the true question
L . to be decided, to combat by prejudices
'* again ft a particular system, a juil sense
11 of the criminality and-danger of violent
" reliUance to the laws ; to oppose the
! s fuggeflion of tnifcondu& on the part 6f
government to the fad of ttifconduft on
the p'ait ot the insurgents ; to fofter the
' sprit of indolence and procrastination na»
■" rural to the human mind, as an obstacle
' to the vigor and exeition which so a
forming an attack upon the fundafflent
'■ al principles of public and private feeu
rity demands; to diftraft you» opinion
r ' on the course proper to be pursued, and
consequently on the propriety of the
' measures which may be pursued. They
" would expect (I fay) by these and ft
' miliar means, equally insidious and per
nicious, to abate your just indignation
at the daring affront which has been of
• fired to Your authority and your zeal
' for the maintenance and support of the
' laws to prevent a competent force, if
£ force is finally called forth, from com
e plying with the call—andihus to leave !
• the government of the Union in the j
1 prortiatt condition of feeing the law» (
ttanipled Under foot by an unprincipled |
combination of a fma'l portion of the
1 community, habitually disobedient to (
' laws, ana itfelf dfltitute of the neeefla
' ry a:d for vindicating their authority.
Virtuous and enlightened citizens of a
l j now happy Auntry ! ye could not be the !
[ i dupes of artifices so dete.lable, of a scheme i '
j so fatal; ye cannot be Uifenfible to the def- j '
, i truftive confequencW with which it would J t
ibe pregnant ; ye cahiiot but remember ! j
I that the government is , Voi'r. own Work t
.-.-♦-that those Who admirtiJier it are but!
"J t our temporary agents ; that you are!
• called upon to support their power, but;'
Tour own fowkr* Anti you Will not I
; fail to do what your rights, your belt in- 1
, tcrefls, your ctura&er as a people, your t
feeurity as members of society contpire to ; 1
demand of you.
:i. TtJLLYi
j •——-
| Foreign Intelligent.
jßy the Jblp Active, Captain Blah. c
London, June io. a
One of the letters from BrufiVlt, of the
j 23d. ltates, that a rumour was the .in cir- n
j culation, that a part of the Prince of Co- 2
j bough's army had defeated the French at e
j Charleroi, and forced them back into their :
j »wn territories; and that the allies n
had regained pofleffion of all the pelts they
had loft s but this can hardly be credited; v
for no date is given, and later advices in
in that cafe, must have been abie to have tl
come dired from that quarter. t ]
In the preient jundure, it will l)e diffi- 0
cult to obtain any intelligence at all to be
depended upon, from the Netherlands.
Our Readers, however, may reft assured w
that, if we cannot, as speedily as might be
wiihed, receive our regular communicati- tl
ons from that quarter, we lhal! at least en- C
deavor, to guard against the I
many vague and idle rumours, to which
the interruption of all regular eorreipon- r
dence will most probably give rife.
Earl Moira Oltend on Wed-
nefday night last. We have not learnt that
he proceeded to land his troops. It is said K
his orders were to land unless circumftan- p
ces should make it unadvifable ; and that if t
he found the Duke of York had retreated
froni Tournay, he was to proceed up the
Scheldt, and land his troops at Antwerp,
by which he might effect a junaion with
the allied armies at Ghent or Oudenarde.
It has been made fubjeft matter of
much conversation, in consequence of
the late naval victory, refpefting what tl
proportion of men different fhipsof war ti
cariy. We believe the following is a ai
pretty accurate statement: ni
First rate fhipsof the line, of from w
100 to 120 guns, bearing an Admiral's p]
flag, have 900 men, formerly 1000 si-
French veflels of this force usually car- f
ry T2OO ( in an English firft or second al
rate, there is usually an addition of be
tween to and 50 men, if an Admiral n;
. on board, and if a commander in
chief, double that number. {j,
1 hird and fourth rates which are te
ranked of the line, carrying 60, 64, 74
and eighty guns, have 500, 560, 630, tl
and 700 men.
Fifth and sixth rates, that is to fay,
44> 361 3% 28, 24, and 20 gun (hips, b<
i i carry 330, 300, 2JO, 2-30, 200, and
-! 180 men, taryirg the number Sccord
- ! i»g to the weight of metal; Ttefe
- latter are called frigates.
- Sloops and cutters, of from 3to 13
guns, have from 40 and 50 to 100 and
, r2O men.
1 The French on board all disser
t ent di'eripticns of vessels carrying a
' greater frfluber of failars in the frupor
t tjon as above mentioned, of about 12
- to 9. s
So commanding is the new light
- house, ercfted at Wicklow, tfiat it can
be seen at a very (hort diltance from
, Holyhead, near lixty miles, if the at
• moiphere during the night (hall not be
F clouded with fog or mist. It is of the
1 greatest utility to the navigation of the
southern coast, but more particularly to
the packets plying between this, and that
port.
June 28.
' We yesterday Hated, that one plain
infercn-e to be drawn frora the very
contradictory accounts from Flanders
. was, that the French were in such force
in that quarter as to cut off all direst
communication between places only a
few miles asunder. This fatt is now es
tablished ; for the mail, which arrived
lalt night at eleven o'clock brought no
bags from either Antwerp, Ghent, or
Bruflels, nor from the British army,
l he lattft advices from any of these
places are of the 23d inft. and were
received at Oflend, so far back ns Tuef
day last : so that we have no accounts
subsequent to that date, nor is any
thing known of the events that have ta
ken place to the Ealhvard of JBrufTtls
for even some days previous td that
period.
It is certain that Ypres surrendered
more than a week ago, but refpefting
the particulars the advices are as contra
di£tory, as for several days they were ref
peaing the fad itfelf— Some of them
state that the commandant had deliver
ed up the place before he was reduced
to the absolute tie- eflity of doing so;
while o:hers, on the contrary-, afiert
that he made a mo it gallant defence, and
did not surrender it till not only his
ammunition was expended, but also all
j the provilions in the place confirmed.
! It is certain, however, that the garrison
i were made prifoncrs of war ; the Auf
; trians were sent to Lille, and the re-
I giments of Hessians to Caffel- The
town has received eonfiderable damage.
| As soon as the French took pofleftion
of it, their General ordered a civic fete
to be celebrated, at which all the inha
bitants affifled. They dined in the
open air, and afterwards danced, and
sung Republican songs till the evening.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
8 Pretrial. U r ednefday May 27.
A letter was read from a popular so
ciety, announcing the discovery of 6c®
marks ot filrer in a cavr, belonging to
ail emigrant.
A decree was pasTed, by which a
months succour was granted to the citi
zens of the countries conquered by the
enemy, and to such as have been sent
into the interior from besieged places.
This decree, however, contained a pro- 1
\ ifion, by which persons of the latter i
description were only to be entitled to i
i the benefit of the decree, on condition i
that they were good patriots^and with- i
out fortunes. ,
A report of the fit uat ion of Geoffroi,
who had been wounded by the affafTin of I
Collot d'Herbois. was read, after which
the Convention—decreed, i ft. That <
Geoffroi Ihould receive a pension of <
1 »53° Hvres ; 2d. 1 hat a daily account c
of Geoffroi's situation should be pre- 1
fented to the Convention ; and 3d. 1
That the the affaffm Ad- t
meral and the sentence pafied by the
Revolutionary Tribunal, should be r
printed and translated into all lan- e
guages. f
REVOLUTIONARY TRI- f
BUNAL.
8 Prairial— 27 May. r
Admeral being placed at the bar of d
the Revolutionary Tribunal, was quef- c
tioned as to bis name, age, quality,
and profefiion. He replied, that his h
name was Henry Admeral, and that he e
was fifty years of age ; that he left the
place of his birth at the age of twenty
fix, that he had lived with several per
f ins, and had been employed in the roy
al lottery. ' '
President of the revolutionary tribti- 1
nal. What malters did you serve >
Benin the minister, the Abbe, his
brother and the female Belleftie, his lif
ter, emigrants. ,
. P " cl - Wcre you not employed by b
the Tyrant at the Thuilleries with the r
grenadiers ?
b J r was there time the Gen. was b
i Pres. Where were you on the lotii
I- of ?
e At the Thuilleries, with the battali
on of the Filles St. Thomas and I
3 considered it as my duty to obey Taf
-1 fin's orders. >
Pres. By whom .were you appointed
- to a situation in the lottery ?
a By M. de Mauzy, Chamberlain to
- the Emperor, whom I saw for the last
2 time in October 1789.
Pies. Whom did you keep company
- with at Paris, and have you not seen
1 Anjubeau ?
i 1 was intimate with no person ; I
- was acquainted with those who used to
: be at the cofFee-houfes. I did fee An
; jubeau ; 1 predicted to him that I (hould
: soon die, and said to him that I should
} die as a man.
t Pres. How long ago did you fee An
jubeau ? On the day of my arrest.
Pres. What arms did you carry, and
) how long did you carry them !
A firelock given me fotne time ago
by the Captain of my company. 1 had
also a pair of piftois, which I bought of
( a hawkett in the street dei Petits Champs.
t The President observed, that hawkers
never fold piftois.—Admeral made no re-
I ply to this ttbfervatioiu
( Pres. Why did you purchase those
piftois ?
To execute a project which I had
formed.
Pres. What was this project ?
To assassinate Robespierre aTid Collot
D'Herbois.
Pres. What attempts did you make
to assassinate them ?
For three day* I fought an opportu
nity of afijflinating Robespierre. Yef
erday morning I went to the Rue St.
Honore, near Robespierre's house, and
aflced a frbiter r at what hour Robes
pierre went to the commhtee. The
fruiterer directed me to the end of a
court, which I went into-, and met a fe
male and. a volunteer with his arm in a
(ling. They told me, that Robespierre
Was hufy. I then went to the commit
tee of public fafety, and waited at the
door for some time, I afterwards break
fafted on the Terrace des Feuillans,
from whence I proceeded to the Con
vention.
A t the end of the fitting 1 retired tin
der the porch which leads from the hall
of the Convention to the place where
the ( committee assembled, under a pre
tence of hearing the news, but really
for the purpose of waiting for Robes
pierre, and of difchargng a pistol at
him. I saw several deputies pass whose
names 1 a (Iced. Not perceiving howe
ver Robespierre among them, I went to
sup at Duffil's.
1 afterwards went home to my lodg
ings, at No. 4, in the Rue Favait, and
formed the refutation of affaflinating
Collt D'Herbois.—l waited for him,
and hearing him knock at the door at
one o'clock in the morning, and feeing
Collot's hotife-keeper open the door, I
snatched Up my piftois, and throwing
royfelf upon Collt, snapped both of
them at him, but they milled fire. I I
was afterwards told that one of them :
vvent off, but of this I have no recollec- «
tion. I then returned to,my own room 1
with an intention of putiiogan end to '
my own exiltence ; but having failed in 3
this attempt, I heard the watch called, v
and persons coming tip ItairS. I called 2
out that I would murder the firft who- t
entered. I was however feeured, and ®
condu£ted to the C:<>rps de Garde.
Pres. Why did you with to. afTaffinate n
Collot D'Herbois v
Because 1 was . uiged thereto by my
conscience—l repent thsf I failed in the r .
execution ot my defigm It-would, in- tl
deed, have been a brilliant exploit if I q
had succeeded, for 1 should thereby have c '
saved the Republic, and have excited
the wdnder and regret of all France.
Pres. \V' hence* did you derive those \
refoftrces that enabled you ro enter into ir
expences, which your situation did not a
seem to afford ? ' ' A
From economy and the sale of my ef- b
fefts. n
Pres. Did you not wuund a citizen ? 11
On returning to my room, I loaded
my arms, opened, (hutj and opei ed my B
door again, and discharged my firelock tl
on the Srft person who approached. f'
Admeral having declared that the a
hove examination was ftii£Uy true, fipn- p ,
ed it. "
1 ' .01
- '"™" ' • - 01
UNITED STATES. "
h;
BOSTON, August 16. b,
ExiraS of a letter from a gentleman, be- [j
longing to this to<wn, noiv refilling at p,
Rotterdam, dated Mqy 30th, 1794.
" A majority of this nation appear at
to have a jult idea of| the value of li- w
berty, and reprobate the war now car- i"
ried on against the French'; but in ar- C
governments public opinion is
but of little avail, provided it militates
with the despot who rul<s j and it is not p;
U . ntU L the P«>ple ar« drive,, to
. th< 7 wufe in support 0 f , ( ' r . N
nghts. How far the people i n
I country, and in England, are l*
f- point, I cannot 4 ; "t
highly probable that a change muff J!
d place in the governments of both c
tries in a rtiort time. To prevent th"'
0 change ,n England, and J c fi a T\"
(I put it out of the power of the 1
to eflablifh their rights, the Britifl
j .i«ry £ ,dop,
n gorousmeafures. In purfuanre of tl,
plan they have lately caused the Bri- ft
1 Pailiament to suspend the Haleas Cor
° /"'a t' im P at lust
must be the lot of him, uhu w*
1 L K y ft n ? ngland ' ,hat,he y i'«ve „ot
d the best of governments, or that there
is any need of refoim. 0, ,
cd thefe th Y ion » wWTSomsTK,
d " ThC (buret ° f tyramS ' 3nd ,he sole «.
d "° f g h ™an?" Und "
' f a " A bo, 't t0 l ' a >' S a S° 1*» ''"form
'. the Embargo, laid by (W rf
a on all vefllls destined for a f ol ,j„ n
•- and of the general diffatisfa&ion th*
prevailed in America, in coniequence
e <>f io many of our veflclrheing captured
by the £,nghfh— At the time I ] a ft
i wrote you I apprehended aWthjuc,
of this kind, and luppofing that remon
it ranees from Congress would soon ar.
t nve in England, I was fearful they
would come at a fme when the com.
: bmed powers had met with fame fuc
cess ; and wns therefore of opinion thev
would be very little attended to; Be
. allured every thing will depend on such
. circumllances, for it is not rrafon, but
1 p»Aer, which now rules England, and
if they thought France could be con
; ■ guered, the King of Great Britain, and
i {jus mnullers would .be glad of i war
I with America, at whose enereafing
Rrength they lobk with ,a jealcus eye :
• , —But happily tup us the French nai
tion are fyfficiently tlable to con«
tend again It all their enemies. Since I
lait wrote you, the affairs of the Com
bined Powers wear a gloomy afpedl—.
many bloody engagements have taken
place, and in mod of which viftoiy hai
decided, as {he ought, in favour of li.
berty and courage, against despotism
and discipline. The defeats of General
Clairfait on the nth, and the Duke
of \ ork on the 18th inft. were parti
cularly difallrous to them; both theif
armies were totally routed and put to
flight, with immense loss in men, anil*
lery, and baggage. In the account of
the engagement which took place on
26th of April, the Englilh took
notice only of the centre of the attack,
where according to the plan of the fa
mous Gen Mack, the allies had concen
trated their whole force, and by which
means the French were worsted in that
part, and LandrecJ was taken ; bnt for
this advantage the combined powers
paid very dear; on both flanks the
French were completely victorious, their
left wing taking Courtray and Menin,
and the right penetrating to Charleroi,
and seizing an immen -; quantity of cat
tle, forage and provisions, at the fame
time the army of the Ardennes formed
a junction with that of the North,
which, previous to that, was more than
200,000 strong ; and now forms a force
that one would suppose must be irre
fiflable.
" Indeed, from every appearance, itdoes
not require a profound politician to fay in
whose favor the prel'ent campaign will ter
minate, and any one who has lately,been
in France, and knows the exertioni and
rd'ourccs of that wonderful nation, mull
think the pl;i» of conquering them aswild &
quixotic as that of the Crujadcs in the iitii
century. If the Allied powers could not
penetrate into France last year, when
their forces were equal to the French, when
Lyons and the whole department of La
Vendee was in open rebellion, and Toulon
in the possession of the Engliih, I wouid
ask if there be now any probability of their
fucreeding in l'uch an attempt —Toulon
being reconquered, the internal rebellion
nearly crulhed, and the French having :n
[ the fieid more than a milljon of men, inoft
of which are from 18 to z;, and entufiafU
in the cause which tbey are engaged in.—
But the Combined Powers now pretend
they have hopes of conquering France by
famine-—fetting aside the danger of at
tempting to starve twenty five millions of
people, I am convinced their hopes on
that score are as ill-grounded as their
others. It is true, a scarce city of provisi
ons is felt in many parts of France, piu
cularly the Southern—but in tjic North they
have' plenty of wheat to iaft until they
gather in their harvest, which promii'es to
be a very abundant one; as the country
(at least what f have seen of it) was never
in a higher state of cultivation than at
present,
" In thus exprefTing my opinion of the
absurd attempt of the combined powers, I
would not for a moment, be iuppoitd to
juftify every thing the French have done.
On the contrary, I have felt extremely huit
at some of their proceedings: and I arn ltn
fiblc at this moment there is more arbitrary
power exercised in France, than in anv
part of Europe; but when it is confidcrw